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• X server not starting up after new kernel compilation

  - by tech_learner

  I have compiled the Kernel on my 64-bit Debian XPS Studio 1340 Dell system. srikanth@debian:~ - 05:40:52 PM - $ uname -a Linux debian 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Thu Mar 22 17:26:33 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux Kernel version that I have used and compiled from kernel.org is 2.6.35.13 I have nvidia installed on old kernel. I got the old config and I used the same config to compile the new kernel. Everything went well and I got two debian packages ( image and headers ) which I have installed on my system. When I select the new kernel on the boot menu and I go into it, the X server is not starting up possibly because I have to "rebuild" ( not sure how to do that ) according to this link: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/slackware-14/x-server-not-starting-after-kernel-compilation-605265/ Can you suggest how to do the rebuild on nvidia module so that I can start x ( without seeing any blank screen or error saying nvidia module is missing ) ? PS: The link that I have used to compile the kernel is https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Kernel/Compile#Alternate_Build_Method:_The_Old-Fashioned_Debian_Way

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• High frequency, kernel bypass vs tuning kernels?

  - by Keith

  I often hear tales about High Frequency shops using network cards which do kernel bypass. However, I also often hear about them using operating systems where they "tune" the kernel. If they are bypassing the kernel, do they need to tune the kernel? Is it a case of they do both because whilst the network packets will bypass the kernel due to the card, there is still all the other stuff going on which tuning the kernel would help? So in other words, they use both approaches, one is just to speed up network activity and the other makes the OS generally more responsive/faster? I ask because a friend of mine who works within this industry once said they don't really bother with kernel tuning anymore-because they use kernel bypass network cards? This didn't make too much sense as I thought you would always want a faster kernel for all the CPU-offloaded calculations.

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• kernelHow to read/write files within kernel module?

  - by Methos

  I know all the discussions about why one should not read/write files from kernel, instead how to use /proc or netlink to do that. I want to read/write anyway. I have also read http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8110 However, problem is 2.6.30 does not export sys_read(). Rather its wrapped in SYSCALL_DEFINE3. So if I use that in my module, I get following warnings: WARNING: "sys_read" [xxx.ko] undefined! WARNING: "sys_open" [xxx.ko] undefined! Obviously insmod cannot load the module because linking does not happen correctly. Questions: How to read/write within kernel after 2.6.22 (where sys_read()/sys_open() are not exported)? In general, how to use system calls wrapped in macro SYSCALL_DEFINEn() from within the kernel?

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• RHEL 6 vs latest vanilla kernel differences?

  - by Yanko Hernández Álvarez

  What are the differences of the RHEL 6 kernel and the latest kernel.org one? I know RHEL is based on 2.6.32 with some features backported from newer kernels and that it also has other features that are not yet part of the latest vanilla kernel. Is there any comparison of the features of both kernels so I can tell how advanced is the RHEL kernel 6 vs. latest vanilla and vice versa?. It don't have to be the latest kernel at all, but the more recent the vanilla version, the better. What I want to know is: What features I lose/win if I change the RHEL kernel for the latest kernel.org’s one? What features are less matured/developed in the latest vanilla kernel than in RHEL’s (and vice versa)? (I guess KVM virtualization is one of them, but I'm not so sure.) What things (libraries / programs / etc) don’t interact as well with the latest vanilla kernel than with the RHEL’s one? In a related note: Is there ANY way to be as up to date (kernelwise) as possible (using RHEL 6) without loosing too much in the process? (Any way except doing the patching myself, I don’t have the necessary expertise) Any repo I don’t know of? Any alternative? Update: The srpm doesn't include patches (see comments), so that way is not possible. Clarification: I'm interested in how "old" the RHEL kernel gets as time goes by, and to know when the latest upstream kernel includes all the improvements included in the RHEL version.

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• dist-update kernel failed?

  - by AlbertK

  I run: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade , and the linux kernel seemed to be updated to 3.2.0-31-generic successfully. However, after I rebooted, I typed: uname -a , it showed : Linux Albert-PC 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 27 17:03:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Does that means the kernel wasn't being updated? I didn't encounter any error or warning messages during the upgrade or dist-upgrade. Thanks for any help

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• Copying kernel and initrd problem while setting up a server

  - by user3452627

  I'm trying to set up a server using PXE and following this (clickable) instruction. But I have a problem in part Creating your NFS installation Right here: Copy kernel and initrd to tftp root. Run these commands ON THE SERVER sudo cp ~/vmlinuz-`uname -r` /tftpboot/ sudo cp ~/initrd.img-`uname -r` /tftpboot/ Actually, I don't know which kernel (server's or client's) should be copied. There isn't any files like those in my home folder on server. Can anybody tell me how to fix it?

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• Kernel Panic Troubleshooting For Dummies

  - by iamsid

  I have made Ubuntu my primary OS since 10.04, and I have converted many of my friends and neighbors into Ubuntu users since then. I am the fix-it guy they approach when they encounter problems. The most frantic calls I get are when they encounter an "update-induced kernel panic." (Many human beings are allergic to command-line interfaces and search engines.) What are the step-by-step procedures to resolve an "update-induced kernel panic"?

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• Why is lowlatency kernel not being updated in parallel with the generic kernel?

  - by FlabbergastedPickle

  All, Any idea when we'll see updates to the lowlatency version of the Ubuntu 12.04 kernel? It is still stuck at 3.2.0.23 whereas the generic kernel is already several updates ahead of it at a version 3.2.0.25? NB: I am using a 64-bit version but I don't think this is limited to the 64-bit kernels alone but rather affects both 32-bit and 64-bit builds. Please do correct me if I am wrong about this.

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• Skip kernel module at boot

  - by Gris

  Hello. There is a broken kernel module, due to which I can not even load the OS, so I can not delete or fix it. Is it possible to skip this module at boot, using the kernel's parameters or something? Thanks.

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• Kernel api's or using api's in the kernel

  - by user513647

  Hello everybody I'd like to know if and how I can access api calls inside the kernel. I need them to preform several integrity checks on a program of mine running in user mode. But I don't know how I can access the api's and funcions required to do so. Does anybody know how to obtain the process id of my user mode proces? and how to access all it's memory to preform the check? Thanks in advance ps: My I'm on a windows xp machine

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• Kernel compile error with iw_ndis.c

  - by James

  Hi, I have a hp pavilion dm3t with intel HD graphics running ubuntu 10.10 64 bit. I'm trying to compile and install a patched kernel according to this, https://launchpad.net/~kamalmostafa/+archive/linux-kamal-mjgbacklight So I downloaded the tarball from here (linked to from the page above): http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git?p=kamal/ubuntu-maverick.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/mjg-backlight I untar'd it to a directory, entered the directory and did: make defconfig I'm not sure if that's what I should have done but it was successful, so I did: make which seemed to work fine until it gave these errors: ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1966: error: unknown field ‘num_private’ specified in initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1966: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1967: error: unknown field ‘num_private_args’ specified in initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1967: warning: excess elements in struct initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1967: warning: (near initialization for ‘ndis_handler_def’) ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1970: error: unknown field ‘private’ specified in initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1970: warning: initialization makes integer from pointer without a cast ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1970: error: initializer element is not computable at load time ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1970: error: (near initialization for ‘ndis_handler_def.num_standard’) ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1971: error: unknown field ‘private_args’ specified in initializer ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.c:1971: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type make[2]: *** [ubuntu/ndiswrapper/iw_ndis.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [ubuntu/ndiswrapper] Error 2 make: *** [ubuntu] Error 2 How can I compile and install this kernel successfully? I'm new to this and would appreciate any help.

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• Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block 0,0

  - by AlbertK

  I've read the following two solution: Kernel Panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) kernel panic not syncing vfs unable to mount root fs on unknown block oo swapper not tainted ,but still got the same problem. Here's my full error code: [1.902269] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) [1.902299] Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu [1.902325] Call Trace: [1.902348] [<ffffffff81640ec8>] panic+0x91/0x1a4 [1.902373] [<ffffffff81cfc01e>] mount_block_root+0xdc/0x18e [1.902400] [<ffffffff81002930>] ? populate_rootfs_wait+0x300/0x9d0 [1.902426] [<ffffffff81cfc257>] mount_root+0x54/0x59 [1.902450] [<ffffffff81cfc3c9>] prepare_namespace+0x16d/0x1a6 [1.902476] [<ffffffff81cfbd63>] kernel_init+0x153/0x158 [1.902501] [<ffffffff81664034>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10 [1.902527] [<ffffffff81cfbc10>] ? start_kernel+0x3bd/0x3bd [1.902551] [<ffffffff81664030>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 I don't know what these error messages mean at all, but I hope that these will help to solve this problem I'm running Ubuntu 12.04. Thanks for any advice.

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• Ubuntu stops using Nvidia driver after kernel upgrade

  - by Daniel

  Just updated and restarted, Ubuntu's doesn't display correctly. After restart, the desktop now looks like this. I've temporarily switched to the Nouveau driver. The update history reveals the kernel was updated, amongst many things; and the following were installed: linux-image-3.5.0-19-generic (3.5.0-19.30) linux-image-extra-3.5.0-19-generic (3.5.0-19.30) I've encountered this type of problem quite recently, so I decided to reapply the same steps, to solve the problem, as follows: sudo apt-get install linux-headers-3.5.0-19 sudo apt-get install linux-headers-3.5.0-19-generic sudo depmod -a sudo modprobe nvidia sudo /etc/init.d/*dm restart When installing linux-headers-3.5.0-19-generic, I get an error, message from terminal as follows: Setting up linux-headers-3.5.0-19-generic (3.5.0-19.30) ... Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 3.5.0-19-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic Error! Problems with depmod detected. Automatically uninstalling this module. DKMS: Install Failed (depmod problems). Module rolled back to built state. However, I ignored the above error and continued the steps with sudo depmod -a, installed nvidia-current, then did sudo modprobe nvidia, which yielded the following error: FATAL: Error inserting nvidia_current (/lib/modules/3.5.0-19-generic/updates/dkms/nvidia_current.ko): No such device Upon restart, the Nvidia driver now works! BTW, do those error messages imply I broke something? Just curious, cause I don't want to get happy I've fixed it, then it stops working later on. The system is Dell XPS-L702X, with NVIDIA GeForce GT 555M, and 17" screen.

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• Ubuntu 13.10, kernel 3.11 blank screen issue with hybrid graphics

  - by Lagerbaer

  On my HP Envy, which has both an Intel on-chip graphics card and an Nvidia Geforce: *-display UNCLAIMED description: 3D controller product: GK208M [GeForce GT 740M] vendor: NVIDIA Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: a1 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d2000000-d2ffffff memory:a0000000-afffffff memory:b0000000-b1ffffff ioport:5000(size=128) memory:b2000000-b207ffff *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 06 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:46 memory:d3000000-d33fffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff ioport:6000(size=64) I have trouble with all newer kernels. I basically had to install 12.04 LTS and use their 3.5 kernel family to get the system to boot. The 3.8 from 12.10 or the newest 3.11 from Ubuntu 13.10 leave me with a black screen upon boot. On one occasion I did hear the "log in" sound, but the screen did not display anything. I have purged all nvidia drivers so I guess it should just use the intel drivers, but apparently this is all messed up with newer kernel versions. This is different from the other "nvidia boots into blank screen" bug in that I don't rely solely on an nvidia card. Surely the intel on-chip card should be supported and leave me with something different from a blank screen? Again, it only works with kernel versions 3.5.0-41-generic, not with the 3.11.0-12 one that ships with Ubuntu 13.10. When I go into the grub menu and change the boot options from 'quiet splash' to 'nomodeset' I am able to boot the system, but then I don't get any graphics and trying 'sudo service lightdm start' doesn't succeed (I get 100% CPU for apport, but this doesn't do anything either, so I kill it). Help, I'm all out of ideas. EDIT: Let me add that I'm using the EFI boot system and have a dual-boot installation with Windows 8.

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• New to Linux Kernel/Driver development...

  - by CVS-2600Hertz-wordpress-com

  Recently, i began developing a driver of an embedded device running linux. Until now i have only read about linux internals. Having no prior experience in driver devlopment, i am finding it a tad difficult to land my first step. I have downloaded the kernel source-code (v2.6.32). I have read (skimped) Linux Device Drivers (3e) I read a few related posts here on StackOverflow. I understand that linux has a "monolithic" approach. I have built kernel (included existing driver in menuconfig etc.) I know the basics of kconfig and makefile files so that should not be a problem. Can someone describe the structure (i.e. the inter-links) of the various folders in the kernel-source code. In other words given a source-code file, which other files would it refer to for related code (The "#include"-s provide a partial idea) Could someone please help me in getting a better idea? Any help will be greatly appreciated Thank You.

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• Removing padding from structure in kernel module

  - by dexkid

  I am compiling a kernel module, containing a structure of size 34, using the standard command. make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERSION)/build M=$(PWD) modules The sizeof(some_structure) is coming as 36 instead of 34 i.e. the compiler is padding the structure. How do I remove this padding? Running make V=1 shows the gcc compiler options passed as make -I../inc -C /lib/modules/2.6.29.4-167.fc11.i686.PAE/build M=/home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.29.4-167.fc11.i686.PAE' test -e include/linux/autoconf.h -a -e include/config/auto.conf || ( \ echo; \ echo " ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid."; \ echo " include/linux/autoconf.h or include/config/auto.conf are missing."; \ echo " Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \ echo; \ /bin/false) mkdir -p /home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/.tmp_versions ; rm -f /home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/.tmp_versions/* make -f scripts/Makefile.build obj=/home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src gcc -Wp,-MD,/home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/.eth_main.o.d -nostdinc -isystem /usr/lib/gcc/i586-redhat-linux/4.4.0/include -Iinclude -I/usr/src/kernels/2.6.29.4-167.fc11.i686.PAE/arch/x86/include -include include/linux/autoconf.h -D__KERNEL__ -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Os -m32 -msoft-float -mregparm=3 -freg-struct-return -mpreferred-stack-boundary=2 -march=i686 -mtune=generic -Wa,-mtune=generic32 -ffreestanding -DCONFIG_AS_CFI=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SIGNAL_FRAME=1 -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow -Iarch/x86/include/asm/mach-generic -Iarch/x86/include/asm/mach-default -Wframe-larger-than=1024 -fno-stack-protector -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -g -pg -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign -fwrapv -fno-dwarf2-cfi-asm -DTX_DESCRIPTOR_IN_SYSTEM_MEMORY -DRX_DESCRIPTOR_IN_SYSTEM_MEMORY -DTX_BUFFER_IN_SYSTEM_MEMORY -DRX_BUFFER_IN_SYSTEM_MEMORY -DALTERNATE_DESCRIPTORS -DEXT_8_BYTE_DESCRIPTOR -O0 -Wall -DT_ETH_1588_051 -DALTERNATE_DESCRIPTORS -DEXT_8_BYTE_DESCRIPTOR -DNETHERNET_INTERRUPTS -DETH_IEEE1588_TESTS -DSNAPTYPSEL_TMSTRENA_TEVENTENA_TESTS -DT_ETH_1588_140_147 -DLOW_DEBUG_PRINTS -DMEDIUM_DEBUG_PRINTS -DHIGH_DEBUG_PRINTS -DMODULE -D"KBUILD_STR(s)=#s" -D"KBUILD_BASENAME=KBUILD_STR(eth_main)" -D"KBUILD_MODNAME=KBUILD_STR(conxt_eth)" -c -o /home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/eth_main.o /home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/eth_main.c

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• How do I get a Dane-Elec mp3/mp4 player working?

  - by user40432

  My MP3/MP4 does not plug-in and play and therefore I can not transfer any file to the MP3/MP4 dane-elec music my touch or only dane-elec with 8 gb in memory and perhapses model zt1 with radio,..and microsdhc card slot following the above link the mp3/mp4 is there and it is MP3 Player: TOUCH MY MUSIC and the complete information is on this site http://www.danedigital.com/8-Music-Media-Players/2-music-touch.html as the Technical Specifications MP3 Player: TOUCH MY MUSIC The Mp4 player has a very classy. It allows its users to play music and view photos and video. His fluent interface, its touch-pad, his radio and RDS Micro SDHC reader makes him a very complete device will become the ideal musical companion. ubuntu i am with is ubuntu 11.10 kernel 3.0.0-14-generic the latest I tried to install many applications but nothing worked. With disk utility I can see that Ubuntu can recognize something, that as a peripheral device named rockchip usbdisk user and rockchip usbdisk sd, and i can plug and play other devices, and only this mp3/mp4 do not connect to the computer with ubuntu and the device as no problem working disconnected to computer I try to see if work on Windows and it does! I can see the device and transfer files to the MP3/MP4 dane-elec folder device and use FAT32. So why can not do on Ubuntu!? What can I do and why does not work on Ubuntu? What is wrong with it? Here are the logs: Jan 4 17:27:34 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 141.948863] init: apport pre-start process (1970) terminated with status 1 Jan 4 17:27:34 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 141.963202] init: apport post-stop process (1994) terminated with status 1 Jan 4 17:30:02 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 289.564049] usb 2-4: new high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd Jan 4 17:30:02 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 289.988706] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas Jan 4 17:30:02 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 289.992056] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... Jan 4 17:30:02 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 289.992272] scsi6 : usb-storage 2-4:1.0 Jan 4 17:30:02 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 289.993082] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage Jan 4 17:30:02 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 289.993088] USB Mass Storage support registered. Jan 4 17:30:03 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 290.996887] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access RockChip USBDISK User 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 Jan 4 17:30:03 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 290.997372] scsi 6:0:0:1: Direct-Access RockChip USBDISK SD 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 Jan 4 17:30:03 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 290.997478] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:30:03 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.002712] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:30:03 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.002880] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.016249] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.032252] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.048182] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.060178] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.060357] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.080381] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.080646] sd 6:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.088381] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 16015360 512-byte logical blocks: (8.19 GB/7.63 GiB) Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.088988] sd 6:0:0:1: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.200050] usb 2-4: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.448044] usb 2-4: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.696055] usb 2-4: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.832046] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Test WP failed, assume Write Enabled Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.832994] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Asking for cache data failed Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.833001] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.834378] sdb: detected capacity change from 8199864320 to 0 Jan 4 17:30:04 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 291.835367] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk Jan 4 17:30:06 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 293.004741] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 16015360 512-byte logical blocks: (8.19 GB/7.63 GiB) Jan 4 17:30:06 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 293.116051] usb 2-4: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd Jan 4 17:30:21 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 308.228043] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/64, error -110 Jan 4 17:30:36 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 323.444072] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/64, error -110 Jan 4 17:30:36 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 323.660047] usb 2-4: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd Jan 4 17:30:51 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 338.772085] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/64, error -110 Jan 4 17:31:06 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 353.988064] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/64, error -110 Jan 4 17:31:07 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 354.204058] usb 2-4: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd Jan 4 17:31:12 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 359.224115] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/8, error -110 Jan 4 17:31:17 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 364.344136] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/8, error -110 Jan 4 17:31:17 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 364.560037] usb 2-4: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd Jan 4 17:31:22 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 369.580132] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/8, error -110 Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.700126] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/8, error -110 Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804121] usb 2-4: USB disconnect, device number 3 Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804518] sd 6:0:0:0: Device offlined - not ready after error recovery Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804600] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804606] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804693] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] READ CAPACITY failed Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804698] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804704] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense not available. Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804744] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804748] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.804754] sdb: detected capacity change from 8199864320 to 0 Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.820273] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.852240] scsi: killing requests for dead queue Jan 4 17:31:27 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 374.980054] usb 2-4: new high speed USB device number 4 using ehci_hcd Jan 4 17:31:43 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 390.092059] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/64, error -110 Jan 4 17:31:58 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 405.308070] usb 2-4: device descriptor read/64, error -110 Jan 4 17:31:58 a-ubuntu kernel: [ 405.524078] usb 2-4: new high speed USB device number 5 using ehci_hcd and the other post is: http://pastebin.ubuntu.com/792915/ and the other bDeviceSubClass 2 ? bDeviceProtocol 1 Interface Association bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x04f2 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd idProduct 0xb008 USB 2.0 Camera bcdDevice 93.27 iManufacturer 2 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd. iProduct 1 Chicony USB 2.0 Camera iSerial 3 SN0001 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 565 bNumInterfaces 2 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 500mA Interface Association: bLength 8 bDescriptorType 11 bFirstInterface 0 bInterfaceCount 2 bFunctionClass 14 Video bFunctionSubClass 3 Video Interface Collection bFunctionProtocol 0 iFunction 1 Chicony USB 2.0 Camera Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 1 Video Control bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 1 Chicony USB 2.0 Camera VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 13 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 1 (HEADER) bcdUVC 1.00 wTotalLength 77 dwClockFrequency 15.000000MHz bInCollection 1 baInterfaceNr( 0) 1 VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 3 (OUTPUT_TERMINAL) bTerminalID 2 wTerminalType 0x0101 USB Streaming bAssocTerminal 0 bSourceID 4 iTerminal 0 VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 26 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 6 (EXTENSION_UNIT) bUnitID 4 guidExtensionCode {7033f028-1163-2e4a-ba2c-6890eb334016} bNumControl 1 bNrPins 1 baSourceID( 0) 3 bControlSize 1 bmControls( 0) 0x01 iExtension 0 VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 2 (INPUT_TERMINAL) bTerminalID 1 wTerminalType 0x0201 Camera Sensor bAssocTerminal 0 iTerminal 0 wObjectiveFocalLengthMin 0 wObjectiveFocalLengthMax 0 wOcularFocalLength 0 bControlSize 3 bmControls 0x00000000 VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 11 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (PROCESSING_UNIT) Warning: Descriptor too short bUnitID 3 bSourceID 1 wMaxMultiplier 0 bControlSize 2 bmControls 0x0000053f Brightness Contrast Hue Saturation Sharpness Gamma Backlight Compensation Power Line Frequency iProcessing 0 bmVideoStandards 0x a NTSC - 525/60 SECAM - 625/50 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0010 1x 16 bytes bInterval 6 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 0 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 14 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 1 (INPUT_HEADER) bNumFormats 1 wTotalLength 345 bEndPointAddress 129 bmInfo 0 bTerminalLink 2 bStillCaptureMethod 0 bTriggerSupport 1 bTriggerUsage 0 bControlSize 1 bmaControls( 0) 27 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 27 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 4 (FORMAT_UNCOMPRESSED) bFormatIndex 1 bNumFrameDescriptors 7 guidFormat {59555932-0000-1000-8000-00aa00389b71} bBitsPerPixel 16 bDefaultFrameIndex 1 bAspectRatioX 0 bAspectRatioY 0 bmInterlaceFlags 0x00 Interlaced stream or variable: No Fields per frame: 2 fields Field 1 first: No Field pattern: Field 1 only bCopyProtect 0 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 46 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 1 bmCapabilities 0x00 Still image unsupported wWidth 640 wHeight 480 dwMinBitRate 614400 dwMaxBitRate 18432000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 614400 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 5 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 500000 dwFrameInterval( 2) 666666 dwFrameInterval( 3) 1000000 dwFrameInterval( 4) 2000000 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 46 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 2 bmCapabilities 0x00 Still image unsupported wWidth 352 wHeight 288 dwMinBitRate 202752 dwMaxBitRate 6082560 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 202752 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 5 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 500000 dwFrameInterval( 2) 666666 dwFrameInterval( 3) 1000000 dwFrameInterval( 4) 2000000 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 46 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 3 bmCapabilities 0x00 Still image unsupported wWidth 320 wHeight 240 dwMinBitRate 153600 dwMaxBitRate 4608000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 153600 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 5 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 500000 dwFrameInterval( 2) 666666 dwFrameInterval( 3) 1000000 dwFrameInterval( 4) 2000000 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 46 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 4 bmCapabilities 0x00 Still image unsupported wWidth 176 wHeight 144 dwMinBitRate 50688 dwMaxBitRate 1520640 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 50688 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 5 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 500000 dwFrameInterval( 2) 666666 dwFrameInterval( 3) 1000000 dwFrameInterval( 4) 2000000 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 46 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 5 bmCapabilities 0x00 Still image unsupported wWidth 160 wHeight 120 dwMinBitRate 38400 dwMaxBitRate 1152000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 38400 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 5 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 500000 dwFrameInterval( 2) 666666 dwFrameInterval( 3) 1000000 dwFrameInterval( 4) 2000000 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 6 bmCapabilities 0x00 Still image unsupported wWidth 1280 wHeight 800 dwMinBitRate 2048000 dwMaxBitRate 18432000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 2048000 dwDefaultFrameInterval 1333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 1333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 2000000 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 7 bmCapabilities 0x00 Still image unsupported wWidth 1280 wHeight 1024 dwMinBitRate 2621440 dwMaxBitRate 23592960 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 2621440 dwDefaultFrameInterval 1333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 1333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 2000000 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 6 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 13 (COLORFORMAT) bColorPrimaries 1 (BT.709,sRGB) bTransferCharacteristics 1 (BT.709) bMatrixCoefficients 4 (SMPTE 170M (BT.601)) Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 1 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0080 1x 128 bytes bInterval 1 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 2 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0100 1x 256 bytes bInterval 1 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 3 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0320 1x 800 bytes bInterval 1 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 4 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0b20 2x 800 bytes bInterval 1 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 5 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x1320 3x 800 bytes bInterval 1 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 6 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x13e8 3x 1000 bytes bInterval 1 Device Qualifier (for other device speed): bLength 10 bDescriptorType 6 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 239 Miscellaneous Device bDeviceSubClass 2 ? bDeviceProtocol 1 Interface Association bMaxPacketSize0 64 bNumConfigurations 1 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) Bus 006 Device 002: ID 04d9:1503 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. Shortboard Lefty Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x04d9 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. idProduct 0x1503 Shortboard Lefty bcdDevice 3.10 iManufacturer 1 iProduct 2 USB Keyboard iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 59 bNumInterfaces 2 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xa0 (Bus Powered) Remote Wakeup MaxPower 100mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 1 Boot Interface Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 1 Keyboard iInterface 0 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.10 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 62 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0008 1x 8 bytes bInterval 10 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 0 No Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 0 None iInterface 0 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.10 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 101 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0008 1x 8 bytes bInterval 10 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered)

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• How to make Linux reliably boot on multi-cpu machines?

  - by Adam Tabi

  I've got two machines, one with 4x12 AMD Opteron cores (AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 6176), one with 2x8 Xeon cores (HT disabled; Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2660 0 @ 2.20GHz). On both machines I experience difficulties during boot of Linux using recent kernels. The system hangs during the initialization of the kernel, before or just when initramfs started initializing the hardware. The last thing which got displayed was a stacktrace like this: CPU: 31 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/31 Tainted: G D 3.11.6-hardened #11 Hardware name: Supermicro X9DRT-HF+/X9DRT-HF+, BIOS 3.00 07/08/2013 task: ffff880854695500 ti: ffff880854695a28 task.ti: ffff880854695a28 RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8100a82e>] [<ffffffff8100a82e>] default_idle+0x6/0xe RSP: 0000:ffff8808546b3ec8 EFLAGS: 00000286 RAX: ffffffff8100a828 RBX: ffff880854695a28 RCX: 00000000ffffffff RDX: 0100000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff88107fdec690 RBP: ffff8808546b3ec8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff880854695500 R10: ffff880854695500 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff880854695a28 R13: ffff880854695a28 R14: ffff880854695a28 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88107fde0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000002b43256a960 CR3: 00000000016b5000 CR4: 00000000000607f0 Stack: ffff8808546b3ed8 ffffffff8100aec9 ffff8808546b3f10 ffffffff8109ce25 334ab55852ec7aef 000000000000001f ffffffff8102d6c0 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 ffff8808546b3f48 ffffffff810276e0 ffff8808546b3f28 Call Trace: [<ffffffff8100aec9>] arch_cpu_idle+0x20/0x2b [<ffffffff8109ce25>] cpu_startup_entry+0xed/0x138 [<ffffffff8102d6c0>] ? flat_init_apic_ldr+0x80/0x80 [<ffffffff810276e0>] start_secondary+0x2c9/0x2f8 I compiled the kernel myself and it works fine, if I boot with nolapic. Yet, only one core is used. Also, the kernel of RHEL6 seems to work fine. I suspect that there are some patches used to make things work. Using the kernel config file from RHEL6 and building a more recent kernel yields the same problems. On the Xeon machine, things got better by disabling Hyperthreading completely. The machine now boots successfully on at least 4 out of 5 times. And if it boots, multicore stuff works just fine. However, I'm wondering about what to do about the AMD machine. So to sum it up: Gentoo kernel 3.6 - 3.11 won't reliably boot those machines unless you reduce the amount of cores (e.g. via nolapic). RHEL6 kernel (which is 2.6.32) boots just fine. RH kernel config used to build a 3.x kernel won't yield a working kernel. Not distribution specific (apart from the kernel being used). These stack traces got printed every minute or so. The kernel seems to be stuck in an endless loop. Yet, a recent kernel is needed for various reasons. So the question is: What does the RHEL6 kernel do, what vanilla or gentoo kernels don't do? Is there a boot option that might lead to a reliable boot with all the cores enabled? Best, Adam

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• Disable Ethernet permanently to speed up boot time

  - by Anwar Shah

  I do not use the wired Ethernet Card. It seems to me that, Ubuntu is always trying in boot time to check the network via eth0, Which consumes some times and I guess this may slow down the boot process a bit. My dmesg output is below (partial) 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 1.985592] input: Video Bus as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0A08:00/LNXVIDEO:01/input/input5 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 1.985651] ACPI: Video Device [GFX0] (multi-head: yes rom: no post: no) 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 1.985693] [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20080730 for 0000:00:02.0 on minor 0 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 2.056261] firewire_core: created device fw0: GUID 00023f87af41fd7d, S400 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 3.710435] EXT4-fs (sda9): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) A big time here..... 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 13.466642] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.125296] Adding 1050620k swap on /dev/sda6. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:1050620k 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.226952] EXT4-fs (sda9): re-mounted. Opts: (null) 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.335012] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: PCI INT A - GSI 22 (level, low) - IRQ 22 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.335091] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: irq 45 for MSI/MSI-X 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.335128] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: setting latency timer to 64 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.346410] input: Ideapad extra buttons as /devices/platform/ideapad/input/input6 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.428551] input: HDA Intel Headphone as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input7 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.436958] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.476550] Linux video capture interface: v2.00 2012-06-11 23:06:47 Ubuntu-KDE kernel [ 14.486385] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device USB 2.0 Camera (04f2:b008) So, My question is How can I disable the Ethernet card completely, so that kernel will not try to use that?

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• Kernel module for /proc

  - by sb2367

  How to write a kernel module that creates a directory in /proc named mymod and a file in it name is mymodfile. This file should accept a number ranged from 1 to 3 when written into it and return the following messages when read based on the number already written into it: • 1: Current system time (in microseconds precision) • 2: System uptime • 3: Number of processes currently in the system “The Output” root@Paradise# echo 1 > /proc/mymod/mymodfile root@Paradise# cat /proc/mymod/mymodfile 08:30:24 342us root@Paradise# echo 2 > /proc/mymod/mymodfile root@Paradise# cat /proc/mymod/mymodfile up 1 day, 8 min root@Paradise# echo 3 > /proc/mymod/mymodfile root@Paradise# cat /proc/mymod/mymodfile process count: 48 please give me some hint how to write a kernel modules and how to compile and install it .

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• Redhat Kernel patching advice

  - by AndyM

  An audit has pointed out that a RHEL server I manage has not had the latest kernel patches applied. I'm confused about kernel patching and within RHEL in relation to RHEL dot releases i.e 5.2 , 5.3 ,5.4 ..... Can someone answer these questions ? If I want to stay at a dot release of RHEL, say 5.4, can apply just updates to the 5.4 kernel or will applying kernel updates bring the server to a later dot release by default? The reason for this question is that I have applications that are only supported on say RHEL5.4 and going to a more recent dot release of RHEL 5 would break the support. I have some HP psp hba drivers compiled against the currently installed kernel, will applying a kernel update break these drivers as they were complied against the orginal kernel ? Anything else I need to look out for with regards to kernel patching ?

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• Issue with kernel boot [OVH SERVER]

  - by Conner Stephen McCabe

  Trying to install OpenVZ kernel on Centos 6.3, Yes my kernel is installed i can see it in the /boot folder, yes it is Rhel6 and yes it is all up to date, i checked this with yum update. My issue comes when i reboot my server with that kernel set as the default, it doesn't load, below i shall put a copy of my grub.conf file and my menu.lst file. Grub.conf: default=0 timeout=5 title vzkernel (2.6.32-042stab057.1) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-042stab057.1 ro root=/dev/sda1 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-042stab057.1.img title linux centos6_64 kernel /boot/bzImage-3.2.13-xxxx-grs-ipv6-64 root=/dev/sda1 ro root (hd0,0) Now i shall paste in Menu.lst; # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_stock-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title Linux OpenVZ (vmlinuz-2.6.32-042stab057.1) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-042stab057.1 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_stock-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_stock/lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_stock/lv_swap rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=l$ initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-042stab057.1.img title CentOS (2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/bzImage-3.2.13-xxxx-grs-ipv6-64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_stock-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_stock/lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_stock/lv_swap rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFO$ initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64.img # dummy text Somebody mentioned something about OVH having added a script which changes the kernel settings or something, and suggested that we either remove the script or reinstall using a VNC, but we don't know how to go about doing either of these? Really would be great if you guys could help. Thanks in advance.

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• kernel module compiling error

  - by wati

  sh@ubuntu:/home/ccpp/helloworld$ make gcc-4.6 -O2 -DMODULE -D_KERNEL_ -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -isystem /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/include -c -o hello-1.o hello-1.c hello-1.c:4:0: warning: "MODULE" redefined [enabled by default] <command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition hello-1.c:6:0: warning: "_KERNEL_" redefined [enabled by default] <command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition In file included from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:4:0, from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/module.h:9, from hello-1.c:7: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/types.h:13:2: warning: #warning "Attempt to use kernel headers from user space, see http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelHeaders" [-Wcpp] In file included from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/module.h:9:0, from hello-1.c:7: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘INIT_LIST_HEAD’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:26:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:27:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_add’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:41:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:42:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:43:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:44:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_add’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:62:28: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_add_tail’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:76:22: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:88:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:89:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_del_entry’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:101:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:101:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:106:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:106:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:107:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:108:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_replace’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:125:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:125:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:126:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:127:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:127:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:128:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_is_last’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:179:13: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_empty’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:188:13: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_empty_careful’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:206:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:207:40: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_rotate_left’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:219:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_is_singular’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:230:35: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:230:49: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_cut_position’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:236:37: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:237:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:237:19: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:238:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:239:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:240:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:241:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:242:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_cut_position’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:265:8: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__list_splice’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:277:32: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:278:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:280:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:281:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:283:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:284:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:296:33: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice_tail’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:308:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice_init’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:322:33: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘list_splice_tail_init’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:339:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘INIT_HLIST_NODE’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:572:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:573:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_unhashed’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:578:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_empty’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:583:11: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘__hlist_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:588:29: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:589:31: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:592:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_del’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:598:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:599:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_head’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:612:30: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:613:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:615:8: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:615:20: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:616:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:617:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:617:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_before’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:624:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:624:17: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:625:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:626:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:626:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:627:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_after’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:633:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:633:16: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:634:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:635:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:635:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:637:9: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:638:7: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:638:29: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_add_fake’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:644:3: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:644:15: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h: In function ‘hlist_move_list’: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:654:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:654:18: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:655:9: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:656:6: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:656:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/list.h:657:5: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type In file included from /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/module.h:12:0, from hello-1.c:7: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/cache.h: At top level: /lib/modules/3.2.0-25-generic/build/include/linux/cache.h:5:23: fatal error: asm/cache.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. make: *** [hello-1.o] Error 1 i got this error after compiling an helloworld program my program is #define MODULE #define LINUX #define _KERNEL_ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> int init_module(void) { printk("<1>hello World 1.\n"); return 0; } void cleanup_module(void) { printk(KERN_ALERT "goodbye world 1.\n"); } MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); my make file is: TARGET := hello-1 WARN := -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes INCLUDE := -isystem /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/include CFLAGS := -O2 -DMODULE -D_KERNEL_ ${WARN} ${INCLUDE} CC := gcc-4.6 ${TARGET}.o: ${TARGET}.c .PHONY: clean clean: rm -rf ${TARGET}.o iam usin kernel 3.2.0.25 as novice i can't able to figure out where the problem is I SEARCHED EVERY THING I CAN TO KNOW ABOUT THIS ERROR BUT I CANT UNDERSTAND &I GET IRRELEVANT DOCS anybody help me please

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• Kernel Panic: line 61: can't open /scripts/functions

  - by Pavlos G.

  I'm facing a problem with all the kernels installed at my system (Ubuntu 10.10 64-bit). Installed kernel versions: 2.6.32-21 up to 2.6.35.23. The booting halted with the following error: init: .: line 61: can't open '/scripts/functions' Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init not tainted Only the first one (2.6.32-21) was working up until know. I asked for help at ubuntuforums.org and i was told to check if there's any problem regarding my graphics card (ATI Radeon). I uninstalled all the ATI-related packages as well as all the unecessary xserver-xorg-video-* drivers that were installed. I then rebooted and from then on ALL of the kernels halt with the same error (i.e. it didn't fix the problematic kernels, it just broke the only one that was working...) Any ideas on what i should try next? Thanks in advance. Pavlos.

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• Are libc versions tied to kernel versions?

  - by mathematician1975

  After reading the answers to my previous question I have come to the conclusion that an answer to the following question is what I was actually looking for: Does a particular version of the kernel require a particular version of libc to run properly? Basically my problem stems from building an application on my 12.04 ubuntu and trying to run it on 8.04. I have since learned from this and other stackexchange forums that it is backward compatibility of libc that causes these problems. Therefore what I am perhaps naively trying to do is build the same version of libc that exists on my target and then link against that on my host when I build the application. Then in an ideal world when I copy this to the host, having been linked to the "correct" libc it should work (in my head at least). I have been totally unable to find a way to install an older libc on my system, and wondered if each version is tightly bound to a kernel version, hence the above question.

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