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  • Do delegates defy OOP

    - by Dave Rook
    I'm trying to understand OOP so I can write better OOP code and one thing which keeps coming up is this concept of a delegate (using .NET). I could have an object, which is totally self contained (encapsulated); it knows nothing of the outside world... but then I attach a delegate to it. In my head, this is still quite well separated as the delegate only knows what to reference, but this by itself means it has to know about something else outside it's world! That a method exists within another class! Have I got myself it total muddle here, or is this a grey area, or is this actually down to interpretation (and if so, sorry as that will be off topic I'm sure). My question is, do delegates defy/muddy the OOP pattern?

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  • Clicking on clues and other objects in a 2D cluedo like game

    - by Anearion
    I'm a java/android programmer, but I don't have any experience in game programming, I'm already reading proper books, like "Pro Android Games", but my concerns are more about the ideas behind game programming than the techniques themselves. I'm working on a 2D game, something like Cluedo to let you understand the genre. I would like to know how should I act with the "scenes", for example, a room with a desk, TV, windows and a lamp. I need to make some items tappable and others not. Is it common to use one image (invisible to the user) with every different item a different color, then call the getColor() method on the image? Or use one image as background, and separate images for all the items? If the latter, how can I set the positioning? and should I use imageView or imageButton? I'm sorry if those are really low quality questions, but as "outsider" ( I'm 23 and still finishing my university ) it's pretty hard learn alone.

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  • Add Multiple Types of Items to the Desktop Context Menu in Windows 7 or 8

    - by Lori Kaufman
    The context menu in Windows provides a convenient place to start programs, access websites, and open folders. There are several ways to add programs to the menu including a registry method and a free tool. We’ve found another free tool, called Right Click Context Menu Adder, that allows you to add more than just programs to the desktop context menu and the folders context menu. It allows you to add folders, web addresses, and files to the menus, as well as programs. Right Click Context Menu Adder is portable and doesn’t need to be installed. To run it, simply extract the .zip file you downloaded (see the link at the end of this article) and double-click on the .exe file. How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic How to Make Your Laptop Choose a Wired Connection Instead of Wireless HTG Explains: What Is Two-Factor Authentication and Should I Be Using It?

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  • Splitting a sitemap by content type

    - by James
    I currently am tasked with submitting our website sitemap to the search engines every week. We have a module which does offer sitemap generation but we find using it does not work very well as not all pages are included and it does not split the sitemap by content. I've used various (online and offline) tools to generate the sitemaps which is not the problem. The problem is that after every generation (which takes most of each Monday) I have to manually go through the sitemap and categorise the links in to products, pages, categories and sub categories. I've experimented successfully with XSL to split the sitemap but it is still a labour intensive process. Does anyone know of a good method to split the sitemap? Currently there are around 20,000 links (iirc) in total.

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  • How to solve linear recurrences involving two functions?

    - by Aditya Bahuguna
    Actually I came across a question in Dynamic Programming where we need to find the number of ways to tile a 2 X N area with tiles of given dimensions.. Here is the problem statement Now after a bit of recurrence solving I came out with these. F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2) + 2G(n-1), and G(n) = G(n-1) + F(n-1) I know how to solve LR model where one function is there.For large N as is the case in the above problem we can do the matrix exponentiation and achieve O(k^3log(N)) time where k is the minimum number such that for all km F(n) does not depend on F(n-k). The method of solving linear recurrence with matrix exponentiation as it is given in that blog. Now for the LR involving two functions can anyone suggest an approach feasible enough for large N.

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  • Managing multiple references of the same game entity in different places using IDs

    - by vargonian
    I've seen great questions on similar topics, but none that addressed this particular method: Given that I have multiple collections of game entities in my [XNA Game Studio] game, with many entities belonging to multiple lists, I'm considering ways I could keep track of whenever an entity is destroyed and remove it from the lists it belongs to. A lot of potential methods seem sloppy/convoluted, but I'm reminded of a way I've seen before in which, instead of having multiple collections of game entities, you have collections of game entity IDs instead. These IDs map to game entities via a central "database" (perhaps just a hash table). So, whenever any bit of code wants to access a game entity's members, it first checks to see if it's even in the database still. If not, it can react accordingly. Is this a sound approach? It seems that it would eliminate many of the risks/hassles of storing multiple lists, with the tradeoff being the cost of the lookup every time you want to access an object.

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  • Improving exception handling ?

    - by n00b
    Hello, I am a newbie programmer and I recently started learning about exception handling in Java. I know what try, catch and finally blocks do, but I really need to understand how to use them well and where to handle something in the call stack... I have a project right now that involves I/O and all I'm doing is handling the exception in the lowest possible method in the call stack. I'm sure my exception handling can be improved, so I'm asking you guys how you think of exception handling? How did you guys get good at this and how can I better wrap my head around this idea?

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  • Oracle VM Virtualbox 4.0 released !

    - by wim.coekaerts
    Another great day for the Virtualbox development team. As is custom, they churn out new features and enhancements at a record pace. You can find the changelog here and you can download your version of 4.0 here. Have at it. A bunch of changes, visually a new management console, a new method to install with a base install and the extention pack (for the add-on drivers and extra features), a number of bugfixes, multi-monitor support for Oracle Solaris and Linux, it's a long list. A great product with a great user base. Check out this survey!

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  • The resulting .iso doesn't work - MultiCD

    - by Ravi
    Burning a separate CD for each distribution (Ubuntu, Kubuntu etc.) is cumbersome. I found MultiCD which promises me to have a single DVD which can hold several distributions. It is very great tool. Main Problem : The resulting .iso created from multicd doesn't work in a USB pen drive through I haven't tested it in a DVD. Running the .iso through pen drive (I mean booting from pen drive) doesn't work. I cannot even run it in live mode or can install it. Concern : I think if I burn the .iso to a DVD then might it will work. But considering it doesn't work in the pen drive, Will it work on the DVD? So how to fix it? If you know other method to make a multi CD/DVD then please tell me.

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  • Wubi install: How do I increase swap size

    - by Diogenes Lantern
    I am trying to increase the swapfile size on my WUBI install. I followed the answer here: sudo su swapoff -a cd /host/ubuntu/disks/ mv swap.disk swap.disk.bak dd if=/dev/zero of=swap.disk bs=1024 count=2097152 mkswap swap.disk swapon -a free -m until I reached: mv swap.disk swap.disk.bak At which point I have got got the following: root@ubuntu:/host/ubuntu/disks# mv swap.disk swap.disk.bak mv: cannot move `swap.disk' to `swap.disk.bak': Operation not permitted My 256 M swap space is all used up. I would like to install a total of twice that. Is there a method of setting it which would not include guesswork on my part?

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  • Proxied calls not working as expected

    - by AndyH
    I have been modifying an application to have a cleaner client/server split to allow for load splitting and resource sharing etc. Everything is written to an interface so it was easy to add a remoting layer to the interface using a proxy. Everything worked fine. The next phase was to add a caching layer to the interface and again this worked fine and speed was improved but not as much as I would have expected. On inspection it became very clear what was going on. I feel sure that this behavior has been seen many times before and there is probably a design pattern to solve the problem but it eludes me and I'm not even sure how to describe it. It is easiest explained with an example. Let's imagine the interface is interface IMyCode { List<IThing> getLots( List<String> ); IThing getOne( String id ); } The getLots() method calls getOne() and fills up the list before returning. The interface is implemented at the client which is proxied to a remoting client which then calls the remoting server which in turn calls the implementation at the server. At the client and the server layers there is also a cache. So we have :- Client interface | Client cache | Remote client | Remote server | Server cache | Server interface If we call getOne("A") at the client interface, the call is passed to the client cache which faults. This then calls the remote client which passes the call to the remote server. This then calls the server cache which also faults and so the call is eventually passed to the server interface which actually gets the IThing. In turn the server cache is filled and finally the client cache also. If getOne("A") is again called at the client interface the client cache has the data and it gets returned immediately. If a second client called getOne("B") it would fill the server cache with "B" as well as it's own client cache. Then, when the first client calls getOne("B") the client cache faults but the server cache has the data. This is all as one would expect and works well. Now lets call getLots( [ "C", "D" ] ). This works as you would expect by calling getOne() twice but there is a subtlety here. The call to getLots() cannot directly make use of the cache. Therefore the sequence is to call the client interface which in turn calls the remote client, then the remote server and eventually the server interface. This then calls getOne() to fill the list before returning. The problem is that the getOne() calls are being satisfied at the server when ideally they should be satisfied at the client. If you imagine that the client/server link is really slow then it becomes clear why the client call is more efficient than the server call once the client cache has the data. This example is contrived to illustrate the point. The more general problem is that you cannot just keep adding proxied layers to an interface and expect it to work as you would imagine. As soon as the call goes 'through' the proxy any subsequent calls are on the proxied side rather than 'self' side. Have I failed to learn or not learned something correctly? All this is implemented in Java and I haven't used EJBs. It seems that the example may be confusing. The problem is nothing to do with cache efficiencies. It is more to do with an illusion created by the use of proxies or AOP techniques in general. When you have an object whose class implements an interface there is an assumption that a call on that object might make further calls on that same object. For example, public String getInternalString() { return InetAddress.getLocalHost().toString(); } public String getString() { return getInternalString(); } If you get an object and call getString() the result depends where the code is running. If you add a remoting proxy to the class then the result could be different for calls to getString() and getInternalString() on the same object. This is because the initial call gets 'deproxied' before the actual method is called. I find this not only confusing but I wonder how I can control this behavior especially as the use of the proxy may be by a third party. The concept is fine but the practice is certainly not what I expected. Have I missed the point somewhere?

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  • No enable mobile broadband option

    - by noboot
    I just migrated from Wubi to actual dual booting Ubuntu and Windows 7 my machine is an Aspire 4750G. When I had (Wubi) Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64-bit the network applet included the "enable mobile broadband" option. Now, I am using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (32-bit) actual install as the 64-bit does not work. And my problem is that it does not show the "enable mobile broadband" option. This is so weird considering that I did not encounter the same problem in Wubi based installation.. Kindly help.. I have managed to connect to the internet via Sakis3G Script, still I find the previous method a lot more convenient..

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  • Pirates, Treasure Chests and Architectural Mapping

    Pirate 1: Why do pirates create treasure maps? Pirate 2: I do not know.Pirate 1: So they can find their gold. Yes, that was a bad joke, but it does illustrate a point. Pirates are known for drawing treasure maps to their most prized possession. These documents detail the decisions pirates made in order to hide and find their chests of gold. The map allows them to trace the steps they took originally to hide their treasure so that they may return. As software engineers, programmers, and architects we need to treat software implementations much like our treasure chest. Why is software like a treasure chest? It cost money, time,  and resources to develop (Usually) It can make or save money, time, and resources (Hopefully) If we operate under the assumption that software is like a treasure chest then wouldn’t make sense to document the steps, rationale, concerns, and decisions about how it was designed? Pirates are notorious for documenting where they hide their treasure.  Shouldn’t we as creators of software do the same? By documenting our design decisions and rationale behind them will help others be able to understand and maintain implemented systems. This can only be done if the design decisions are correctly mapped to its corresponding implementation. This allows for architectural decisions to be traced from the conceptual model, architectural design and finally to the implementation. Mapping gives software professional a method to trace the reason why specific areas of code were developed verses other options. Just like the pirates we need to able to trace our steps from the start of a project to its implementation,  so that we will understand why specific choices were chosen. The traceability of a software implementation that actually maps back to its originating design decisions is invaluable for ensuring that architectural drifting and erosion does not take place. The drifting and erosion is prevented by allowing others to understand the rational of why an implementation was created in a specific manor or methodology The process of mapping distinct design concerns/decisions to the location of its implemented is called traceability. In this context traceability is defined as method for connecting distinctive software artifacts. This process allows architectural design models and decisions to be directly connected with its physical implementation. The process of mapping architectural design concerns to a software implementation can be very complex. However, most design decision can be placed in  a few generalized categories. Commonly Mapped Design Decisions Design Rationale Components and Connectors Interfaces Behaviors/Properties Design rational is one of the hardest categories to map directly to an implementation. Typically this rational is mapped or document in code via comments. These comments consist of general design decisions and reasoning because they do not directly refer to a specific part of an application. They typically focus more on the higher level concerns. Components and connectors can directly be mapped to architectural concerns. Typically concerns subdivide an application in to distinct functional areas. These functional areas then can map directly back to their originating concerns.Interfaces can be mapped back to design concerns in one of two ways. Interfaces that pertain to specific function definitions can be directly mapped back to its originating concern(s). However, more complicated interfaces require additional analysis to ensure that the proper mappings are created. Depending on the complexity some Behaviors\Properties can be translated directly into a generic implementation structure that is ready for business logic. In addition, some behaviors can be translated directly in to an actual implementation depending on the complexity and architectural tools used. Mapping design concerns to an implementation is a lot of work to maintain, but is doable. In order to ensure that concerns are mapped correctly and that an implementation correctly reflects its design concerns then one of two standard approaches are usually used. All Changes Come From ArchitectureBy forcing all application changes to come through the architectural model prior to implementation then the existing mappings will be used to locate where in the implementation changes need to occur. Allow Changes From Implementation Or Architecture By allowing changes to come from the implementation and/or the architecture then the other area must be kept in sync. This methodology is more complex compared to the previous approach.  One reason to justify the added complexity for an application is due to the fact that this approach tends to detect and prevent architectural drift and erosion. Additionally, this approach is usually maintained via software because of the complexity. Reference:Taylor, R. N., Medvidovic, N., & Dashofy, E. M. (2009). Software architecture: Foundations, theory, and practice Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons  

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  • When to use functional programming approach and when not? (in Java)

    - by john smith optional
    let's assume I have a task to create a Set of class names. To remove duplication of .getName() method calls for each class, I used org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils and org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer as follows: Snippet 1: Set<String> myNames = new HashSet<String>(); CollectionUtils.collect( Arrays.<Class<?>>asList(My1.class, My2.class, My3.class, My4.class, My5.class), new Transformer() { public Object transform(Object o) { return ((Class<?>) o).getName(); } }, myNames); An alternative would be this code: Snippet 2: Collections.addAll(myNames, My1.class.getName(), My2.class.getName(), My3.class.getName(), My4.class.getName(), My5.class.getName()); So, when using functional programming approach is overhead and when it's not and why? Isn't my usage of functional programming approach in snippet 1 is an overhead and why?

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  • SQL Server and the XML Data Type : Data Manipulation

    The introduction of the xml data type, with its own set of methods for processing xml data, made it possible for SQL Server developers to create columns and variables of the type xml. Deanna Dicken examines the modify() method, which provides for data manipulation of the XML data stored in the xml data type via XML DML statements. Too many SQL Servers to keep up with?Download a free trial of SQL Response to monitor your SQL Servers in just one intuitive interface."The monitoringin SQL Response is excellent." Mike Towery.

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  • Get collision details from Rectangle.Intersects()

    - by Daniel Ribeiro
    I have a Breakout game in which, at some point, I detect the collision between the ball and the paddle with something like this: // Ball class rectangle.Intersects(paddle.Rectangle); Is there any way I can get the exact coordinates of the collision, or any details about it, with the current XNA API? I thought of doing some basic calculations, such as comparing the exact coordinates of each object on the moment of the collision. It would look something like this: // Ball class if((rectangle.X - paddle.Rectangle.X) < (paddle.Rectangle.Width / 2)) // Collision happened on the left side else // Collision happened on the right side But I'm not sure this is the correct way to do it. Do you guys have any tips on maybe an engine I might have to use to achieve that? Or even good coding practices using this method?

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  • Sending Graphics to the C drive [on hold]

    - by CodeOfGenius
    I'm trying to create image files on the users' desktop. Let's say i have a picture of an orange in my eclipse workspace in the resource folder. When somebody downloads the project, I want to take that image of an orange and put it in a folder called fruit on their desktop. Whenever i export my game it can't read the images anymore which is wierd so I prefer to try this method. Just like minecraft has its' stuff in %Appdata%, I want to put a folder with my images the game uses on the desktop. There isn't any errors, I'm just asking how do i do this.

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  • From the Coalface - 4 - Getting a connection string

    - by TATWORTH
    Creating a connection string by hand is quite difficult, however you create a connection string as follows: 1) Create an empty text file in windows explorer and rename it to X.UDL 2) Double click on it and the datalink provider dialog will appear. 3) Select the provider tab. Find the provider for your data access method and click next. 4) Select your source  5) Test the connection and save it. 6) Open X.UDL with a text editor to see your connections string. You can also look at http://www.connectionstrings.com/ for examples of connection strings.

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  • Case convention- Why the variation between languages?

    - by Jason
    Coming from a Java background, I'm very used to camelCase. When writing C, using the underscore wasn't a big adjustment, since it was only used sparingly when writing simple Unix apps. In the meantime, I stuck with camelCase as my style, as did most of the class. However, now that I'm teaching myself C# in preparation for my upcoming Usability Design class in the fall, the PascalCase convention of the language is really tripping me up and I'm having to rely on intellisense a great deal in order to make sure the correct API method is being used. To be honest, switching to the PascalCase layout hasn't quite sunk in the muscle memory just yet, and that is frustrating from my point of view. Since C# and Java are considered to be brother languages, as both are descended from C++, why the variation in the language conventions? Was it a personal decision by the creators based on their comfort level, or was it just to play mindgames with new introductees to the language?

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  • Are unit tests really used as documentation?

    - by stijn
    I cannot count the number of times I read statements in the vein of 'unit tests are a very important source of documentation of the code under test'. I do not deny they are true. But personally I haven't found myself using them as documentation, ever. For the typical frameworks I use, the method declarations document their behaviour and that's all I need. And I assume the unit tests backup everything stated in that documentation, plus likely some more internal stuff, so on one side it duplicates the ducumentation while on the other it might add some more that is irrelevant. So the question is: when are unit tests used as documentation? When the comments do not cover everything? By developpers extending the source? And what do they expose that can be useful and relevant that the documentation itself cannot expose?

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  • Instantiate proper class based on some input

    - by Adam Backstrom
    I'm attempting to understand how "switch as a code smell" applies when the proper code path is determined by some observable piece of data. My Webapp object sets an internal "host" object based on the hostname of the current request. Each Host subclass corresponds to one possible hostname and application configuration: WwwHost, ApiHost, etc. What is an OOP way for a host subclass to accept responsibility for a specific hostname, and for Webapp to get an instance of the appropriate subclass? Currently, the hostname check and Host instantiation exists within the Webapp object. I could move the test into a static method within the Host subclasses, but I would still need to explicitly list those subclasses in Webapp unless I restructure further. It seems like any solution will require new subclasses to be added to some centralized list.

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  • New Beta of GhostDoc v4

    - by TATWORTH
    A new beta of GhostDoc v4 is available at http://submain.com/download/ghostdoc/beta/The updated license key is at http://submain.com/blog/GhostDocV4Beta2IsAvailable.aspxHere are some of the excellent features of GhostDoc v4"Version 4 is a major milestone for us with great new features and rewrites that we have done over the last year. Here are the most significant additions to the GhostDoc feature set: Visual Studio 2012 support (Pro) Source code Spell Checker C/C++ language support XML Comment Preview StyleCop Compliance – comments generated by GhostDoc are now pass StyleCop validation Exception Documentation - exceptions raised within a method are documented in the XML Comment (Pro) File Header menu and template (Pro) Visual Studio toolbar with commands for documenting, comment preview and spell-checking (Pro) Options -> Global Properties - allows to reference custom configured user properties within T4 templates (CodeIt.Right users will find this very familiar) (Pro) IntelliSense in the T4 template editor Version update notification – you won’t miss new version release ever again!"

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  • a program called football team

    - by bosco
    how do you solve the following using java?Soccer team A is made up of the bench and people on the lineup. The program should enable the user to select a lineup and assign positions to players. It should also allow for the manipulation of attributes such as age, jersey number, fitness status, yellow and red cards, state whether one is a goalkeeper, defender, etc. Information such as losses ,wins and points of the entire team are also important. the above task requires the to use of: Static members for attributes with values common to all objects of the same class The “this” keyword to distinguish constructor parameters and data members Constructor overloading Method overloading Use two collections of the type Arraylist to store objects.

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  • What is the best tool to sync browser passwords and bookmarks?

    - by jgbelacqua
    Sadly, everything I've tried so far has been painful to manage between two computers, (even between different browsers on the same computer). So, right now I have different aggregations of bookmarks passwords in xmarks, delicious, google bookmarks, firefox sync, text files, and in figaro password manager (fpm2). I've also tried to use bindwood in the past. What I would like to do is merge all bookmarks and passwords into some solution that actually works either with tools available under Ubuntu, or with a browser-based tool (addon/plugin/extension) which works between between google-chrome/chromium, and firefox. It would be ideal if there was an ability to send and store passwords encrypted (if not on my own server). Whatever the method, I need the ability to have import from existing sources. (It doesn't have to be pretty, just repeatable.) It's possible that some things I've ruled out are now workable (e.g., xmarks broke for me at one point because I hit their bookmark limit for the server/account, and bindwood, firefox sync were firefox only).

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  • Creating widgets using GtkBuilder

    - by user72943
    I am using Glade to design a Box with widgets and then load these widgets into my UI at run-time. To create each Box with widgets at run-time, I create a new GtkBuilder, call add_from_string passing in the text from the .ui file Glade creates, and then use the object returned from get_object("box1") in the UI. I know I could create the widgets with code, but for now, I'd like to use the .ui files Glade creates. It seems inefficient though to instantiate a new GtkBuilder object and the wasted Window object for every Box I want to create. Is there a more efficient method to load .ui files without creating a new GtkWidget object and wasted Window object? Thanks, Vance

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