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  • How should I organize my matrices in a 3D game engine?

    - by Need4Sleep
    I'm working with a group of people from around the world to create a game engine (and hopefully a game with it) within the next upcoming years. My first task is to write a camera class for the engine to use in order to add cameras to the scene, with position and follow points. The problem I have is with using matrices for transformations in the class, should I keep matrices separate to each class? Such as have the model matrix in the model class, camera matrix in the camera class, or have all matrices placed in one class/chuck? I could see pros and cons for each method, but I wanted to hear some input form a more professional standpoint.

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  • Improving exception handling ?

    - by n00b
    Hello, I am a newbie programmer and I recently started learning about exception handling in Java. I know what try, catch and finally blocks do, but I really need to understand how to use them well and where to handle something in the call stack... I have a project right now that involves I/O and all I'm doing is handling the exception in the lowest possible method in the call stack. I'm sure my exception handling can be improved, so I'm asking you guys how you think of exception handling? How did you guys get good at this and how can I better wrap my head around this idea?

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  • How to start jenkins?

    - by Jeffery Bingham
    I installed jenkins via sudo apt-get install jenkins. However, it doesn't start up. Tried to start it manually using sudo /etc/init.d/jenkins start. But it says this message when I try to start it that way: start: Rejected send message, 1 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.67" (uid=1000 pid=7970 comm="start jenkins ") interface="com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6.Job" member="Start" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination="com.ubuntu.Upstart" (uid=0 pid=1 comm="/sbin/init")" init.d method just says starting, but never starts... How do I fix this / get jenkins to start up?

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  • Is there a size limit when using UICollectionView as tiled map for iOS game?

    - by Alexander Winn
    I'm working on a turn-based strategy game for iOS, (picture Civilization 2 as an example), and I'm considering using a UICollectionView as my game map. Each cell would be a tile, and I could use the "didSelectCell" method to handle player interaction with each tile. Here's my question: I know that UICollectionViewCells are dequeued and reused by the OS, so does that mean that the map could support an effectively infinitely-large map, so long as only a few cells are onscreen at a time? However many cells were onscreen would be held in memory, and obviously the data source would take up some memory, but would my offscreen map be limited to a certain size or could it be enormous so long as the number of cells visible at any one time wasn't too much for the device to handle? Basically, is there any memory weight to offscreen cells, or do only visible cells have any impact?

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  • Repeating keywords in inbound links

    - by JJ_Jason
    Hy. I have a service similar to bit.ly. The link generation method is similar but the site is not. A user uses my site just like the mentioned bit.ly, but i offer a differnet kind of service for which i would want to rank (on Google) for. If i were to generate links such as: mysite.com/my-keywords/1Asdf34 would it be considered spammy or black hat? The same for bit.ly would be: bit.ly/url-shortening-services/3k1dS4sd For bit.ly it would defeat the purpose, but url length in my case does not have to be short.

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  • Improving the efficiency of frustum culling

    - by DeadMG
    I've got some code which performs frustum culling. However, this defines the "frustum" way too broadly- when I have ~10 objects on screen, the code returns 42 objects to be rendered. I've tried taking "slices" through the frustum to attempt to increase the accuracy of the technique, but it doesn't seem to have made much impact. I also significantly reduced the far plane, so that the objects are barely at the edge. Here's my code (where size is the size in screen space- the resolution of the client area of the window I'm rendering into). Any suggestions? auto&& size = GetDimensions(); D3DVIEWPORT9 vp = { 0, 0, size.x, size.y, 0, 1 }; D3DCALL(device->SetViewport(&vp)); static const int slices = 10; std::vector<Object*> result; for(int i = 0; i < slices; i++) { D3DXVECTOR3 WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints[8] = { D3DXVECTOR3(0, size.y, static_cast<float>(i) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(size.x, 0, static_cast<float>(i) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(size.x, size.y, static_cast<float>(i) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(0, 0, static_cast<float>(i) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(0, 0, static_cast<float>(i + 1) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(size.x, 0, static_cast<float>(i + 1) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(size.x, size.y, static_cast<float>(i + 1) / slices), D3DXVECTOR3(0, size.y, static_cast<float>(i + 1) / slices) }; D3DXMATRIXA16 Identity; D3DXMatrixIdentity(&Identity); D3DXVec3UnprojectArray( WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3), WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3), &vp, &Projection, &View, &Identity, 8 ); Math::AABB Frustrum; auto world_begin = std::begin(WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints); auto world_end = std::end(WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints); auto world_initial = WorldSpaceFrustrumPoints[0]; Frustrum.BottomLeftClosest.x = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.x < rhs.x ? lhs : rhs; }).x; Frustrum.BottomLeftClosest.y = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.y < rhs.y ? lhs : rhs; }).y; Frustrum.BottomLeftClosest.z = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.z < rhs.z ? lhs : rhs; }).z; Frustrum.TopRightFurthest.x = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.x > rhs.x ? lhs : rhs; }).x; Frustrum.TopRightFurthest.y = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.y > rhs.y ? lhs : rhs; }).y; Frustrum.TopRightFurthest.z = std::accumulate(world_begin, world_end, world_initial, [](D3DXVECTOR3 lhs, D3DXVECTOR3 rhs) { return lhs.z > rhs.z ? lhs : rhs; }).z; auto slices_result = ObjectTree.collision(Frustrum); result.insert(result.end(), slices_result.begin(), slices_result.end()); } return result;

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  • Constructor should generally not call methods

    - by Stefano Borini
    I described to a colleague why a constructor calling a method can be an antipattern. example (in my rusty C++) class C { public : C(int foo); void setFoo(int foo); private: int foo; } C::C(int foo) { setFoo(foo); } void C::setFoo(int foo) { this->foo = foo } I would like to motivate better this fact through your additional contribute. If you have examples, book references, blog pages, or names of principles, they would be very welcome. Edit: I'm talking in general, but we are coding in python.

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  • XNA Drag Gestures - fractional delta values

    - by Den
    I have an issue with objects moving roughly twice as far as expected when dragging them. I am comparing my application to the standard TouchGestureSample sample from MSDN. For some reason in my application gesture samples have fractional positions and deltas. Both are using same Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Touch.dll, v4.0.30319. I am running both apps using standard Windows Phone Emulator. I am setting my break point immediately after this line of code in a simple Update method: GestureSample gesture = TouchPanel.ReadGesture(); Typical values in my app: Delta = {X:-13.56522 Y:4.166667} Position = {X:184.6956 Y:417.7083} Typical values in sample app: Delta = {X:7 Y:16} Position = {X:497 Y:244} Have anyone seen this issue? Does anyone have any suggestions? Thank you.

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  • iOS Support with Windows Azure Mobile Services – now with Push Notifications

    - by ScottGu
    A few weeks ago I posted about a number of improvements to Windows Azure Mobile Services. One of these was the addition of an Objective-C client SDK that allows iOS developers to easily use Mobile Services for data and authentication.  Today I'm excited to announce a number of improvement to our iOS SDK and, most significantly, our new support for Push Notifications via APNS (Apple Push Notification Services).  This makes it incredibly easy to fire push notifications to your iOS users from Windows Azure Mobile Service scripts. Push Notifications via APNS We've provided two complete tutorials that take you step-by-step through the provisioning and setup process to enable your Windows Azure Mobile Service application with APNS (Apple Push Notification Services), including all of the steps required to configure your application for push in the Apple iOS provisioning portal: Getting started with Push Notifications - iOS Push notifications to users by using Mobile Services - iOS Once you've configured your application in the Apple iOS provisioning portal and uploaded the APNS push certificate to the Apple provisioning portal, it's just a matter of uploading your APNS push certificate to Mobile Services using the Windows Azure admin portal: Clicking the “upload” within the “Push” tab of your Mobile Service allows you to browse your local file-system and locate/upload your exported certificate.  As part of this you can also select whether you want to use the sandbox (dev) or production (prod) Apple service: Now, the code to send a push notification to your clients from within a Windows Azure Mobile Service is as easy as the code below: push.apns.send(deviceToken, {      alert: 'Toast: A new Mobile Services task.',      sound: 'default' }); This will cause Windows Azure Mobile Services to connect to APNS (Apple Push Notification Service) and send a notification to the iOS device you specified via the deviceToken: Check out our reference documentation for full details on how to use the new Windows Azure Mobile Services apns object to send your push notifications. Feedback Scripts An important part of working with any PNS (Push Notification Service) is handling feedback for expired device tokens and channels. This typically happens when your application is uninstalled from a particular device and can no longer receive your notifications. With Windows Notification Services you get an instant response from the HTTP server.  Apple’s Notification Services works in a slightly different way and provides an additional endpoint you can connect to poll for a list of expired tokens. As with all of the capabilities we integrate with Mobile Services, our goal is to allow developers to focus more on building their app and less on building infrastructure to support their ideas. Therefore we knew we had to provide a simple way for developers to integrate feedback from APNS on a regular basis.  This week’s update now includes a new screen in the portal that allows you to optionally provide a script to process your APNS feedback – and it will be executed by Mobile Services on an ongoing basis: This script is invoked periodically while your service is active. To poll the feedback endpoint you can simply call the apns object's getFeedback method from within this script: push.apns.getFeedback({       success: function(results) {           // results is an array of objects with a deviceToken and time properties      } }); This returns you a list of invalid tokens that can now be removed from your database. iOS Client SDK improvements Over the last month we've continued to work with a number of iOS advisors to make improvements to our Objective-C SDK. The SDK is being developed under an open source license (Apache 2.0) and is available on github. Many of the improvements are behind the scenes to improve performance and memory usage. However, one of the biggest improvements to our iOS Client API is the addition of an even easier login method.  Below is the Objective-C code you can now write to invoke it: [client loginWithProvider:@"twitter"                     onController:self                        animated:YES                      completion:^(MSUser *user, NSError *error) {      // if no error, you are now logged in via twitter }]; This code will automatically present and dismiss our login view controller as a modal dialog on the specified controller.  This does all the hard work for you and makes login via Twitter, Google, Facebook and Microsoft Account identities just a single line of code. My colleague Josh just posted a short video demonstrating these new features which I'd recommend checking out: Summary The above features are all now live in production and are available to use immediately.  If you don’t already have a Windows Azure account, you can sign-up for a free trial and start using Mobile Services today. Visit the Windows Azure Mobile Developer Center to learn more about how to build apps with Mobile Services. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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  • 3ds Max CAT to XNA

    - by user12214
    Has anyone successfully used the CAT bone system in 3ds Max and exported the file into XNA? If so, what was your method of doing so? There are a number of methods of doing this apparently, but the ones I've tried have not worked. I used the Panda Exporter which creates a .X file. This seems to be the latest way of going about this, but when it's loaded in XNA, there is an error saying something about the bone weights. This happens when I export with and without CAT bones.

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  • When JDeveloper IDE doesn't render the visual editor

    - by Frank Nimphius
    Though with Oracle JDeveloper 11g the problem of the IDE not rendering JSF pages properly in the visual editor has become rare, there always is a way for the creative to break IDE functionality. A possible reason for the visual editor in JDeveloper to break is a failed dependency reference, which often is in a custom JSF PhaseListener configured in the faces-config.xml file. To avoid this from happening, surround the code in your PhaseListener class with the following statement (for example in the afterPhase method) public void afterPhase(PhaseEvent phaseEvent) {   if(!ADFContext.getCurrent().isDesigntime()){ ... listener code here ... } } The reason why the visual editor in Oracle JDeveloper fails rendering the WYSIWYG view has to do with how the live preview is created. To produce the visual display of a view, JDeveloper actually runs the ADF Faces view in JSF, which then also invokes defined PhaseListeners. With the code above, you check whether the PhaseListener code is executed at runtime or design time.If it is executed in design time, you ignore all calls to external resources that are not available at design time.

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  • Execute a Managed bean from a JSF view in WEB-INF folder

    - by JonathanVila
    We are initiating in Spring + Primefaces development and the first problem we have encountered is about storing the xhtml pages into the WEB-INF folder. When we use a faces form in a view located inside the WEB-INF folder, then the commandButton does not execute the managed bean method. Our bean : In fact we think the problem is that with JSF , the pages are rendered using a link to the same page as the action of the form, so if the page is located in WEB-INF it is not public accessible. We know that having all our xhtml views in the web folder instead of WEB-INF actually solves the issue, but we would like to store that pages into WEB-INF. Thank you.

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  • Ruby - when to use instance variables vs parameters between methods?

    - by Michael Durrant
    I'm writing several methods that call other methods. To pass the information I have a couple of choices: Pass the information as parameters Set instance variables so that other methods can access them When should I choose one option over the other? It seems that the first option is good as it is very specific about what is being passed. the downside seems to be that a lot of values are being passed around. The second method doesn't require passing all the values around but seems to lead to a lot of magic where methods set instance variables 'somewhere' Should I always be very explicit about gets passed to other methods in the class? Are there exceptions so this?

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  • How can I have multiple layers in my map array?

    - by Manl400
    How do I load Levels in my game, as in Layer 1 would be Objects, Layer 2 would be Characters and so on. I only need 3 layers, and they will all be put on top of each other. i.e having a flower with a transparent background to be put on grass or dirt on the layer below.I would like to Read From the same file too. How would i go about doing this? Any help would be appreciated. I load the map from a level file which are just numbers corresponding to a tile in the tilesheet. Here is the level file [Layer1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [Layer2] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [Layer3] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 And here is the code that interprets it void LoadMap(const char *filename, std::vector< std::vector <int> > &map) { std::ifstream openfile(filename); if(openfile.is_open()) { std::string line, value; int space; while(!openfile.eof()) { std::getline(openfile, line); if(line.find("[TileSet]") != std::string::npos) { state = TileSet; continue; } else if (line.find("[Layer1]") != std::string::npos) { state = Map; continue; } switch(state) { case TileSet: if(line.length() > 0) tileSet = al_load_bitmap(line.c_str()); break; case Map: std::stringstream str(line); std::vector<int> tempVector; while(!str.eof()) { std::getline(str, value, ' '); if(value.length() > 0) tempVector.push_back(atoi(value.c_str())); } map.push_back(tempVector); break; } } } else { } } and this is how it draws the map. Also the tile sheet is 1280 by 1280 and the tilesizeX and tilesizeY is 64 void DrawMap(std::vector <std::vector <int> > map) { int mapRowCount = map.size(); for(int i, j = 0; i < mapRowCount; i ++) { int mapColCount = map[i].size(); for (int j = 0; j < mapColCount; ++j) { int tilesetIndex = map[i][j]; int tilesetRow = floor(tilesetIndex / TILESET_COLCOUNT); int tilesetCol = tilesetIndex % TILESET_COLCOUNT; al_draw_bitmap_region(tileSet, tilesetCol * TileSizeX, tilesetRow * TileSizeY, TileSizeX, TileSizeY, j * TileSizeX, i * TileSizeX, NULL); } } } EDIT: http://i.imgur.com/Ygu0zRE.jpg

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  • New Beta of GhostDoc v4

    - by TATWORTH
    A new beta of GhostDoc v4 is available at http://submain.com/download/ghostdoc/beta/The updated license key is at http://submain.com/blog/GhostDocV4Beta2IsAvailable.aspxHere are some of the excellent features of GhostDoc v4"Version 4 is a major milestone for us with great new features and rewrites that we have done over the last year. Here are the most significant additions to the GhostDoc feature set: Visual Studio 2012 support (Pro) Source code Spell Checker C/C++ language support XML Comment Preview StyleCop Compliance – comments generated by GhostDoc are now pass StyleCop validation Exception Documentation - exceptions raised within a method are documented in the XML Comment (Pro) File Header menu and template (Pro) Visual Studio toolbar with commands for documenting, comment preview and spell-checking (Pro) Options -> Global Properties - allows to reference custom configured user properties within T4 templates (CodeIt.Right users will find this very familiar) (Pro) IntelliSense in the T4 template editor Version update notification – you won’t miss new version release ever again!"

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  • Does MS create cross browser compatibility problems on purpose? [closed]

    - by P.Brian.Mackey
    IE does some weird **. E.G. Supporting the send() method in AJAX with no params. Poor support for XML (well IE9 I've heard things are alot better), but seriously...since MS owned such a huge market share on browsers were they intentionally dropping in problems like this and making it easy to write crap code to give the impression that competing browsers suck to the layman? Update I realize Javascript's limitations caused some of the Xcompatibility problems. I have read comments from Douglas Crockford regarding how javascript was rushed and exploded in popularity before its time...resulting in some of the issues he can't fix. I'm only concerned specifically about MS's intentions...problems they could have fixed, yet did not. Did any of you work on the IE team or know of articles discussing some details?

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  • files power_profile and power_method missing on ubuntu 12.04 after clean isntall

    - by Nikola
    OK here is the problem,I am using gnome-shell, ubuntu 12.04, kernel 3.2.0-32-generic-pae and the proprietary drivers for my ati card (Installed via "additional drivers") , the laptops is a hp 4310s probook and i want to control the power_profiles and power_method , because my GPU temp is high. before i reinstalled ubuntu 12.04, i used the .sh method on startup to write to those files, and everything worked like a charm, but now they are missing, and i can't create them.this is what i get when i try to create the directories mkdir: cannot create directory `/sys/class/drm': No such file or directory How can i can get them back?if you need some information , just ask and i will give it.

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  • joomla 2.5 : list links to articles in 2 columns

    - by semyon
    I have a Joomla! 2.5 website, and I have to add a lightbox popup that will contain links to all articles from a specific category(+subs). If anyone can suggest all-in-one solution, that will be great! But generally I'm asking, how to list links to all articles from a specific category and its sub-categories in two/three columns? I know I can set Category blog View to output only article links, without full/introtext, but in this case links will all be in one column. I need at least two. A possibility of grouping article links by subcategory would be great as well (but this is the thing I can live without). How can this be done? I'm looking for: a standard way of configuring this Template override (I'm using T3 framework) Custom extension any other method ...

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  • Why doesn't 12.04 recognize my ATI Radeon X300SE graphics card?

    - by Nomad Zero
    So far everything including the BCM4321 card is working, however, the OEM ATI Radeon X300SE (RV370) is not recognized. When I go into system details the card comes up as unknown. When I run lspci the card shows up as: 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RV370 5B60 [Radeon X300 (PCIE)] 01:00.1 Display controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RV370 [Radeon X300SE] I have attempted check Additional Drivers but the card does not show up as needing a driver. So far this is causing the system to run warmer as the processor is doing a bit of the work to run Unity and any full screen videos tend to be rather choppy. Is there an available driver that will fix my issue and what is the install method? I am not scared to run a terminal so no worries there, as long as I have instructions, I can find my way. I am running under 12.04 LTS Kernel 3.2.0-25-generic-pae

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  • Proxied calls not working as expected

    - by AndyH
    I have been modifying an application to have a cleaner client/server split to allow for load splitting and resource sharing etc. Everything is written to an interface so it was easy to add a remoting layer to the interface using a proxy. Everything worked fine. The next phase was to add a caching layer to the interface and again this worked fine and speed was improved but not as much as I would have expected. On inspection it became very clear what was going on. I feel sure that this behavior has been seen many times before and there is probably a design pattern to solve the problem but it eludes me and I'm not even sure how to describe it. It is easiest explained with an example. Let's imagine the interface is interface IMyCode { List<IThing> getLots( List<String> ); IThing getOne( String id ); } The getLots() method calls getOne() and fills up the list before returning. The interface is implemented at the client which is proxied to a remoting client which then calls the remoting server which in turn calls the implementation at the server. At the client and the server layers there is also a cache. So we have :- Client interface | Client cache | Remote client | Remote server | Server cache | Server interface If we call getOne("A") at the client interface, the call is passed to the client cache which faults. This then calls the remote client which passes the call to the remote server. This then calls the server cache which also faults and so the call is eventually passed to the server interface which actually gets the IThing. In turn the server cache is filled and finally the client cache also. If getOne("A") is again called at the client interface the client cache has the data and it gets returned immediately. If a second client called getOne("B") it would fill the server cache with "B" as well as it's own client cache. Then, when the first client calls getOne("B") the client cache faults but the server cache has the data. This is all as one would expect and works well. Now lets call getLots( [ "C", "D" ] ). This works as you would expect by calling getOne() twice but there is a subtlety here. The call to getLots() cannot directly make use of the cache. Therefore the sequence is to call the client interface which in turn calls the remote client, then the remote server and eventually the server interface. This then calls getOne() to fill the list before returning. The problem is that the getOne() calls are being satisfied at the server when ideally they should be satisfied at the client. If you imagine that the client/server link is really slow then it becomes clear why the client call is more efficient than the server call once the client cache has the data. This example is contrived to illustrate the point. The more general problem is that you cannot just keep adding proxied layers to an interface and expect it to work as you would imagine. As soon as the call goes 'through' the proxy any subsequent calls are on the proxied side rather than 'self' side. Have I failed to learn or not learned something correctly? All this is implemented in Java and I haven't used EJBs. It seems that the example may be confusing. The problem is nothing to do with cache efficiencies. It is more to do with an illusion created by the use of proxies or AOP techniques in general. When you have an object whose class implements an interface there is an assumption that a call on that object might make further calls on that same object. For example, public String getInternalString() { return InetAddress.getLocalHost().toString(); } public String getString() { return getInternalString(); } If you get an object and call getString() the result depends where the code is running. If you add a remoting proxy to the class then the result could be different for calls to getString() and getInternalString() on the same object. This is because the initial call gets 'deproxied' before the actual method is called. I find this not only confusing but I wonder how I can control this behavior especially as the use of the proxy may be by a third party. The concept is fine but the practice is certainly not what I expected. Have I missed the point somewhere?

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  • Whole map design vs. tiles array design

    - by Mikalichov
    I am working on a 2D RPG, which will feature the usual dungeon/town maps (pre-generated). I am using tiles, that I will then combine to make the maps. My original plan was to assemble the tiles using Photoshop, or some other graphic program, in order to have one bigger picture that I could then use as a map. However, I have read on several places people talking about how they used arrays to build their map in the engine (so you give an array of x tiles to your engine, and it assemble them as a map). I can understand how it's done, but it seems a lot more complicated to implement, and I can't see obvious avantages. What is the most common method, and what are advantages/disadvantages of each?

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  • a program called football team

    - by bosco
    how do you solve the following using java?Soccer team A is made up of the bench and people on the lineup. The program should enable the user to select a lineup and assign positions to players. It should also allow for the manipulation of attributes such as age, jersey number, fitness status, yellow and red cards, state whether one is a goalkeeper, defender, etc. Information such as losses ,wins and points of the entire team are also important. the above task requires the to use of: Static members for attributes with values common to all objects of the same class The “this” keyword to distinguish constructor parameters and data members Constructor overloading Method overloading Use two collections of the type Arraylist to store objects.

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  • How can Java be improved so that it no longer needs to perform type erasure? [closed]

    - by user63904
    The official Java tutorial on generics explains type erasure and why it was added to the compiler: When a generic type is instantiated, the compiler translates those types by a technique called type erasure — a process where the compiler removes all information related to type parameters and type arguments within a class or method. Type erasure enables Java applications that use generics to maintain binary compatibility with Java libraries and applications that were created before generics. This most likely was a pragmatic approach, or perhaps the least painful one. However, now that generics is widely supported across the industry, what can be done in order for us to not need type erasure? Is it feasible with out needing to break backwards compatibility, or if it is feasible, is it practical? Has the last the last statement in the quote above become self referential? That is: "type erasure enables Java applications that use generics to maintain binary compatibility with Java libraries and applications that were created with Java versions that perform type erasure."

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  • Non-trivial functions that operate on any monad

    - by Strilanc
    I'm looking for examples of interesting methods that take an arbitrary monad and do something useful with it. Monads are extremely general, so methods that operate on monads are widely applicable. On the other hand, methods I know of that can apply to any monad tend to be... really, really trivial. Barely worth extracting into a function. Here's a really boring example: joinTwice. It just flattens an m m m t into an m t: join n = n >>= id joinTwice n = (join . join) n main = print (joinTwice [[[1],[2, 3]], [[4]]]) -- prints [1,2,3,4] The only non-trivial method for monads that I know of is bindFold (see my answer below). Are there more?

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  • Should all, none, or some overriden methods call Super?

    - by JoJo
    When designing a class, how do you decide when all overridden methods should call super or when none of the overridden methods should call super? Also, is it considered bad practice if your code logic requires a mixture of supered and non-supered methods like the Javascript example below? ChildClass = new Class.create(ParentClass, { /** * @Override */ initialize: function($super) { $super(); this.foo = 99; }, /** * @Override */ methodOne: function($super) { $super(); this.foo++; }, /** * @Override */ methodTwo: function($super) { this.foo--; } }); After delving into the iPhone and Android SDKs, I noticed that super must be called on every overridden method, or else the program will crash because something wouldn't get initialized. When deriving from a template/delegate, none of the methods are supered (obviously). So what exactly are these "je ne sais quoi" qualities that determine whether a all, none, or some overriden methods should call super?

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