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• File ownership and permissions on web site PHP files

  - by columbo

  Hello, I am learning the basics of linux servers so I am green. I have an Ubuntu server upon which there are websites that I have inherited. In a fit of security worry I decided to check out the ownership of the web site files. They are all 2016:sites. If I run the command 'cat /etc/group | more' I can see that the group exists. But when I run 'lastlog' the user 2016 does not appear. I started to worry that 2016 might be the username of web users connecting from the web so I set the permissions on a testfile to chmod 600, giving read permissions to only the file owner. Sure enough I could still access the file from the web. Can anyone suggest what is going on here? I tried creating a new user and giving them file ownership but then when I access the file from the web it wants me to have all directories up stream owned by the same person. Thanks

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• Getting the PC speaker to beep

  - by broiyan

  There has been much written on getting the beep sound from Ubuntu releases over the years. Example: fixing the beep My needs are slightly different in that I do not want to ensure sound card beeps are functioning. Instead, I want PC speaker beeps, the kind produced by the original built-in speaker because I believe they will produce less CPU load. I have confirmed that my computer has the PC speaker by unplugging the external speakers and shutting down Ubuntu. At some point in the shutdown and restart process a beep is heard even though the external speakers have no power. I have tried the following: In /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf, turn these lines into comments: #blacklist snd_pcsp #blacklist pcspkr In .bashrc /usr/bin/xset b on /usr/bin/xset b 100 Enable in the gnome terminal: Edit Profile Prefs General Terminal Bell Ensure no "mute" selections in: System Prefs Sound various tabs (uncheck them all). Select "Enable window and button sounds" in: System Prefs Sound Sound Effects In gconf-editor desktop gnome sound, select the three sound check boxes. In gconf-editor apps metacity general select the audible bell check box. Still I get no PC speaker beeps when I send code 7 to the console via my Java program or use echo -e '\a' on the bash command line. What else should I try? Update Since my goal is to minimize load on the CPU, here is a comparison of elapsed times. Each test is for 100,000 iterations. Each variant was performed three times so three results are presented for each. printwriter.format("%c", 7); // 1.3 seconds, 1.5 seconds, 1.5 seconds Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); // 0.8 seconds, 0.3 seconds, 0.5 seconds try { Runtime.getRuntime().exec("beep"); } catch (IOException e) { } // 10.3 seconds, 16.3 seconds, 11.4 seconds These runs were done inside Eclipse so multiply by some value less than 1 for standalone execution. Unfortunately, Toolkit's beep is silent on my computer and so is code 7. The beep utility works but has the most cost.

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• Is there a program that compares image files and reports if they are exactly the same pixel-wise?

  - by Nathaniel Drake

  I'm making a regression testing suite for some rendering software. I need to be able to load an image file (PNG or TGA, ideally) and compare the pixel values to a standard approved image. I'd like it to be command line driven too, so I can make a batch file to run all the tests. All the compare utilities I have found so far either show differences (I just need it to fail if they are different) or compare all the bytes, meaning that meta-data will trigger a fail. Anyone got any suggestions? I am not a coder, and can only barely cobble a batch script together. Thanks for any suggestions.

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• How to tell which physical disks have bootable MBR?

  - by Jon

  The computer I am using right now has 6 physical disks attached. Using the BIOS's "select boot device" functionality I have discovered that I can boot off 3 of these disks into the exact same bootloader. This means that all of these disks have the bootable flag set on their MBR, even though I had been under the impression that only 2 of them are in fact bootable. My question is: is there an easy way to check which disks have a bootable MBR with a command line tool or some OS utility? I am aware of the DISKPART tool and its basic functionality, but I haven't found how to view the information I need. The OS is Windows 7 x64 Ultimate with SP1.

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• DNS protocol message example

  - by virtual-lab

  hello there, I am trying to figure out how to send out DNS messages from an application socket adapter to a DNSBL. I spent the last two days understanding the basics, including experimenting with WireShark to catch an example of message exchanged. Now I would like to query the DNS without using dig or host command (I'm using Ubuntu); how can I perform this action at low level, without the help of these tools in wrapping the request in a proper DNS message format? How the message should be post it? Hex or String? Thanks in advance for any help. Regards Alessandro Ilardo

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• How to use sshd_config - PermitUserEnvironment option

  - by laks

  I have client1 and client2 both are linux machines. From client1: client1$ssh root@client2 "env" it displays list of ssh variables from client2. Things I did on client2: I want to add new variable to client2 . So I edited sshd_config to PermitUserEnvironment yes and created a file environment under ssh with following entry Hi=Hello then restart sshd /etc/init.d/sshd Now from client1 trying the same command client1$ssh root@client2 "env" didn't provide the new variable "Hi". ref: http://www.raphink.info/2008/09/forcing-environment-in-ssh.html http://www.netexpertise.eu/en/ssh/environment-variables-and-ssh.html/comment-page-1#comment-1703

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• Trying to recover deleted Ubuntu partition

  - by user110984

  I made a mistake in logging into my 200 GB Ubuntu partition. I could not access Grub after that. Using a live CD I then ran Boot_Repair and apparently deleted the partition, I guess because I ran it from my 70 GB Windows partition. I can send the results of boot_info before that and of Boot_Repair. Then I ran TestDisk, which apparently found only dev/sda/ -320GB / 298 / GiB - WDC - WD3200BEVT-22A23T0 (Was there any more I could have done with TestDisk? I looked at the TestDisk_Step_By_Step example and found no way forward given that no other partitions turned up) I have run gpart and found this: /sda1 - 15 GB /sda2 - system reserved /sda3 - 70.15 GB /sda4 - extended 212.84 unallocated - 209.10 /sda5 - unknown 3.74 . I have been told I can recover the partition using gparted's Rescue start end command, but I don't know what to enter for start and end. [--EDIT: TestDisk Deeper Search stated that "the following partitions can't be recovered" and listed a 220-GB Linux partition 6 times. Then it stated that "The current number of heads per cylinder is 255 but the correct value may be 128" and I could try to change it in the Geometry menu (because apparently these are overlapping partitions) So should I do that?--]

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• Installing mod_xsendfile on MAMP

  - by mail4alberto

  Hello, I'm having trouble installing mod_xsendfile on MAMP. I've used some sources to try to help me install it: http://iprog.com/posting/2008/04/compiling_mod_xsendfile_for_mac_os_x http://groups.google.com/group/phusion-passenger/browse_thread/thread/e6dac9d5ea0de9c1 I ended up installing apache20 via macports and used apsx command to create the module and then copy it into MAMP's modules folder. I was able to seem to load the module at least. But then I get this error in my apache logs: [Thu May 27 19:08:28 2010] [notice] child pid 68606 exit signal Bus error (10) [Thu May 27 19:08:41 2010] [notice] child pid 68607 exit signal Bus error (10) Can anyone help me out? :S

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• Playing sound on server using php

  - by Lorenz

  I want to play a sound file on my server using PHP. The PHP script is called by Apache and runs under the user 'nobody', which has by default no access to the speakers. So I created a new user soundoutput which is allowed do play sound and has read permissions for the sound files he should play. If I'm logged in as root, I can play a sound file using echo password | sudo -Su soundoutput mpg321 '/path/to/sound.mp3'. The problem is, that it doesn't work when I'm executing this command using PHP's system_exec. I guess that user nobody isn't allowed to run sudo, but what can I do that he is allowed to do that? Any help appreciated.

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• CentOS Live CD Creation issues

  - by Dheeraj

  I am creating my customized CentOS 6.3 Live CD. I am following information given at https://projects.centos.org/trac/livecd/wiki/GetToolset My "livecd-creator" command completes successfully and an ISO image is created. But when I try to boot up my system with this ISO, it goes up to the CentOS blue screen and then the CAPS lock and Scroll Lock LEDs on the keyboard starts flashing. Then from here after, the system takes no input from keyboard and I have to power cycle it and it does the same thing. Could you get me any suggestion why this is causing and possible workaround. Thanks.

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• How do I use qmqtool to list emails from a specific envelope sender?

  - by jimp

  Occassionally a user's email password will become compromised and the spammer will flood the Qmail queue with 10,000+ emails sent through a specific user's account. I know how to use qmqtool to remove messages that match a specific string: qmqtool -d -f "[email protected]" However the -f argument matches anywhere in the message. -f 'STRING' display comma separated list of message number(s) containing STRING. That means messages to, from, and even mentioning that email address will all be deleted. Does qmqtool (or another qmail tool) have a command for matching messages from a specific envelope sender? Note: I only want to match the authenticated sender, not the "From:" which is always forged in this case anyway.

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• Can I do a "one-time" file content search in Windows Server 2008 without adding the folder to the index?

  - by G-.

  Can I search for files which contain a specific string in a folder if that folder is not in the search index? So, lets say folder 'textFiles' is not in the index. I navigate to this folder in windows explorer. I type '.ini' in the search box I want to see a result list containing only 'b.txt' FOLDER C:\textFiles\ FILE a.php CONTENT once twice thrice mice moose monkey FILE b.txt CONTENT mingle muddle middle.ini banana beer FILE c.spo CONTENT sellotape stapler phone book I do not have permission to add folders to the windows index and I do not have permission to install or run any executables that did not ship with the server or approved applications. I'd be happy with a windows native command line solution if necessary? Thanks G

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• Windows 7 Start Menu folder editing help

  - by Flasimbufasa

  I'd like to be able to have the windows 7 start menu link to folders and not link to the stupid libraries. In Windows vista you could add the the Downloads folder into the start menu with messing with the registry: [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83b1-96b02CFE0D52}] @="Downloads" [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83b1-96b02CFE0D52}\DefaultIcon] @="imageres.dll,-184" [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83b1-96b02CFE0D52}\InProcserver32] @="shell32.dll" [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83b1-96b02CFE0D52}\shell\open\command] @="explorer.exe shell:Downloads" ;© 2008 Ramesh Srinivasan - http://www.winhelponline.com/blog/ - Created on July 10 2008 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\CLSID\{ED228FDF-9EA8-4870-83B1-96B02CFE0D52}] @="Downloads" I'd like to be able to change the link within the registry for Windows 7 Ultimate x64 to where the "Documents" link actually takes me to MY DOCUMENTS O: How revolutionary would this be? Could someone with some more registry editing knowledge help me out with this? link to the site where I downloaded this .bat: http://www.winhelponline.com/blog/add-downloads-folder-to-the-windows-vista-start-menu/

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• First Installation

  - by Dj Zia

  I had windows xp on my desktop originally. Yesterday we were able to replace this with Ubuntu 12.04 from a thumb drive. The live CD did not work. I am more familiar with the system they introduced me to in School recently. Linux pretty much has similarity all around so I am finding the differences not as much of an issue. So, there were a few issues with the installation and getting Grub to start working. There is the low graphics issue which brings us to the command line basics. I am a little familiar with linux so it isn't too intimidating; I am really good with step by step instructions in simple order. My question is Ubuntu installed with out any basic driver's or generic header's. It also is not connecting my computer to the internet. My system is older not new. For the time it had above average parts. How do I solve the problem of Getting the header's, making sure the right configurations are set, and where do I get the driver's for my white box desktop to run Ubuntu properly? Thank you

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• Powershell SQL query--connection string

  - by sean

  I am trying to query several different SQL servers and run a command on each of them. I am unable to get the connection string right. Code, below. I receive the following error:Login failed. The login is from an untrusted domain and cannot be used with Windows authentication. I thought if I passed it the credentials it wouldn't care about the domain. How do I get around this? Thanks in advance. $serverList = @(Get-Content "c:\AllServers.txt") $query = "SELECT COUNT(thing) AS [RowCount] FROM My_table" $Database = "My_DB" # Read a file foreach ( $svr in $serverList ) { $conn=new-object System.Data.SqlClient.SQLConnection $ConnectionString = "Server={0};Database={1};User ID=sa;Password=Password;Integrated Security=True" -f $svr, $Database $conn.ConnectionString=$ConnectionString $conn.Open() $cmd=new-object system.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($Query,$conn) $conn.Close() }

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• How do I finish installing Sun JDK after cancelling out of the legal term screen?

  - by Ravi

  I am a newcomer to linux and have had lots of problems in installing java on my newly installed Ubuntu 11.10. I use a statistical programming environment called R and many of the packages there require java (the sun variety, I am told). I tried the following : sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ferramroberto/java sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin sun-java6-fonts (after this, I wanted to continue with (but never got that far) : sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk After this, a window appeared with the heading, "Configuring jre", or something like that. Below was a long list of legal text about accepting Sun's terms. I did not know how to close this window (no obvious option like pressing return worked). After a long time, when nothing seemed to happen, I finally closed the window. After that, I could not open synaptic. I got the error message : dpkg was interrupted. You must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' I did this. But it does not help. I have java as a "broken" program. When I try to remove the program from synaptic, I get a message that I must reinstall it again.I do not know what I should do. I want to install jdk6. And also remove the open jdk which is still persistently present in my system. I tried the clean and purge command shown below. Next, I tried to remove the sun-java6-jre from synaptic. I get the following message :E: sun-java6-jre: Package is in a very bad inconsistent state - you should reinstall it before attempting a removal. When I tried to follow the procedure suggested in the related question (from the link suggested below), I get the following message on trying to install again :Could not mark all packages for installation or upgrade.The following packages have unresolvable dependancies. Make sure that all required repositories are added and enabled in the preferences. sun-java6-bin : Depends: sun-java6-jre but it is not going to be installed

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• Unity calendar lens not showing events in Ubuntu 12.04

  - by David_G

  I'm trying to get proper/useful calendar integration into Ubuntu 12.04. I have a Google Calendar (& account) and I want to be able to use this without opening the browser. I want to get the Unity Calendar lens working, so that it shows events coming up, and it allows me a quick way to add new events. However, after installing it, it does not find any events, nor allow me to add a new event. Note that I've installed Lightning 1.4, Evolution mirror 0.2.3, Evolution, and unity-calendar lens. I've also installed Calendar-indicator. I suspect that somehow the lens is not getting the calendar information from thunderbird via evolution. A bit of searching around led me to try this command: /usr/lib/calendar-lens/calendar-lens-daemon.py. With this result: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gobject/constants.py:24: Warning: g_boxed_type_register_static: assertion `g_type_from_name (name) == 0' failed import gobject._gobject Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/calendar-lens/calendar-lens-daemon.py", line 324, in daemon = Daemon() File "/usr/lib/calendar-lens/calendar-lens-daemon.py", line 80, in init for calendar in evolution.ecal.list_calendars(): AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'list_calendars' Any ideas?

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• how to prevent log output from PostgreSQL stored procedure ?

  - by ssc

  I am running a number of PostgreSQL scripts that used to produce excessive log output. I managed to reduce most of the output to an acceptable amount by passing --quiet as parameter to the psql command line client and adding SET client_min_messages='warning'; to the beginning of my SQL scripts. This works fine for most basic statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, etc.) However, when I call a stored function in a script using e.g. SELECT my_func(my_args);, there is still log output similar to my_func (omitted a long with many '-' here because SF thinks that's a headline) (1 row) The output is useless; it only makes me having to scroll back up a long way after the script has run and also makes it much harder than necessary to spot any relevant error output. How can I get rid of it ?

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• The year ahead, 2011.

  - by andrewstopford

  When I look back at last years look at 2010 my blogging rate has not changed much (I suspect this is largely down to using Twitter a lot) but my interests this year have developed a lot further. My view on 2010 would be that Microsoft would commit more to OSS, while I wanted to see more hires from that audience and more projects on Outercurve foundation instead there has been support for JQuery and Gems (aka NuGet). I would love to see more from Microsoft on the OSS front in 2011, Outercurve could become like the Apache foundation with enough support. Staying on the Microsoft front I predict that 2011 will bring the following. C# 5.0 will go RTM (still no MOP though) The next release of VS will go alpha or early beta MS MVC 4.0 (I think by Mix time) and maybe this release will get a command line. I also suspect that Microsoft will want to target the tablet market with WP7 in 2011 (Mix 2011 maybe...). I also predict the following Java will fork with Apache\Google. Oracle will then take them to court and the whole thing will boil right through 2011 (Java have had enough court cases, come on guys). Java and the JVM will sadly not move forward at all in 2011. Android will cause Apple a serious headache, both the smartphone and tablet market will see figures cut from Apple share. By the end of 2011 the current 70% apple market share will be 40-50%. As the features, performance and price of Android devices gets ever better Apple will be left out in the open. Lastly after 7 years I intend to move this blog away from weblogs. In 2011 I will be exploring Java, Ruby\Rails and Android and such subjects don't make sense to talk about it here. See you in 2011.

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• Any InstallPad alternatives?

  - by ianfuture

  Hi, I'm about to install new bunch of software on a Windows XP Pro PC and found InstallPad as a potential method to do it all. However before using it I was wondering if there were any other similar apps that could be better or easier to use? Requirements (should haves more than must haves): - Free - Easy to use and configure - preferably from point and click in a GUI instead of command line params or config files - Robust - bug free or still in active/ongoing development - Some level of support or active community for help or tips - Pre-existing file lists that can be adapted for own use or used outright. Thanks in advance.. Ian

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• How to apply verification and validation on the following example

  - by user970696

  I have been following verification and validation questions here with my colleagues, yet we are unable to see the slight differences, probably caused by language barrier in technical English. An example: Requirement specification User wants to control the lights in 4 rooms by remote command sent from the UI for each room separately. Functional specification The UI will contain 4 checkboxes labelled according to rooms they control. When a checkbox is checked, the signal is sent to corresponding light. A green dot appears next to the checkbox When a checkbox is unchecked, the signal (turn off) is sent to corresponding light. A red dot appears next to the checkbox. Let me start with what I learned here: Verification, according to many great answers here, ensures that product reflects specified requirements - as functional spec is done by a producer based on requirements from customer, this one will be verified for completeness, correctness). Then design document will be checked against functional spec (it should design 4 checkboxes..), and the source code against design (is there a code for 4 checkboxes, functions to send the signals etc. - is it traceable to requirements). Okay, product is built and we need to test it, validate. Here comes our understanding trouble - validation should ensure the product meets requirements for its specific intended use which is basically business requirement (does it work? can I control the lights from the UI?) but testers will definitely work with the functional spec, making sure the checkboxes are there, working, labelled, etc. They are basically checking whether the requirements in functional spec were met in the final product, isn't that verification? (should not be, lets stick to ISO 12207 that only validation is the actual testing)

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• Is there a way to automatically disconnect a notebook from the eletrical power-supply?

  - by Diogo

  I know this looks like weird and useless, but let me explain... I'm running Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (Windows ADK) to make some tests on Windows 8 Preview. One of it's assessment is the "Battery Run Down Test", which tests battery consumption with some procesor load. I'm trying to "automate" in some way this test, I mean, I wish to execute it without any human intervention (such as manually disconecting the eletric power source to leave my notebook running only from batteries to run this assessment). So, there is some ACPI API, Windows API or even an easy bat shell/VBScript/Powershell command to do this? Does someone already made something like? PS: I'm asking this because I couldn't found any answer, but maybe someone here would have any tip...

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• Still can't mount windows 8 drive after restart

  - by Ishai Bloch

  After following the instructions in other posts, I am still getting the same error when I try to mount my Windows 8 drive in Ubuntu 14.04 on a dual boot system. I have disabled fast start after shutdown, hybrid hibernation, and the preinstalled Asus Instant On service. I have tried restarting Windows rather than shutting down. In all cases I get the same error message, namely: Error mounting /dev/sda4 at /media/jesse/OS: Command-line `mount -t "ntfs" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=0077,fmask=0177" "/dev/sda4" "/media/jesse/OS"' exited with non-zero exit status 14: Windows is hibernated, refused to mount. Failed to mount '/dev/sda4': Operation not permitted The NTFS partition is in an unsafe state. Please resume and shutdown Windows fully (no hibernation or fast restarting), or mount the volume read-only with the 'ro' mount option. I did not have the same issue before upgrading from Ubuntu 12 to 14. For what it's worth my computer is supposedly a "hybrid" with an SSD drive installed, although I can't see that the SSD drive is being used at all with my present settings. Any thoughts?

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• What Commands Does Windows Startup Repair Run?

  - by user138284

  Background: I created a wim image that we are planning to deploy to some of our computers, but when I image a computer with it from a flash drive it continually reports that the BOOTMGR is missing (and no, it's not booting off the flash drive). I am able to resolve this by running Windows Startup Repair, but I would rather just add whatever command is resolving the issue to a script that runs after the image. I have already tried running fixmbr, fixboot, rebuildbcd, and nt60, but none of those resolve the issue. Basically, I would like to know what exactly is being done when I run Windows Startup Repair.

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• How to open Firefox's "organize bookmarks" from Vimperator?

  - by Igor Popov

  Before using Vimperator, I used Xmarks for organizing and synchronizing bookmarks between computers. Now I installed Vimperator and I can only bookmark a page from command mode with :bmark. How can I open Organize Bookmarks with Vimperator? Besides disabling Vimperator and choosing it from the menu what else can I do? Before, I had CTRL + SHIFT + b to open the organizer. Now, in Vimperator, this shortcut doesn't work anymore, even after temporarily disabling Vimperator with CTRL + z. EDIT After setting the main menu visible (with :set go+=m thanks to Hamish Downer), I saw the shortcut for opening the organize bookmarks dialog (CTRL + SHIFT + o). I recently switched to Ubuntu Linux and in this version of Firefox some keyboard shortcuts are different then in Windows (including the shortcut for opening organize bookmarks). Sorry for my ignorance.

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