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• integer division properties

  - by aaa

  hi. does the following integer arithmetic property hold? (m/n)/l == m/(n*l) At first I thought I knew answer (does not hold), but now am not sure. Does it hold for all numbers or only for certain conditions, i.e. n > l?

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• Manipulating multi-track ogg files programatically

  - by Chad Birch

  I'm planning to create a program for manipulating multi-track OGG files, but I don't have any experience with the relevant libraries, so I'm looking for recommendations about which language/library to use for this. I don't really have any preference for the language, I'll happily code it in C, C#, Python, whatever makes things the easiest (or even possible). Perhaps it's even a possibility to automate Audacity somehow? In terms of requirements, I'm not looking for anything particularly fancy. It will probably be a command-line program, I don't need to be able to play the audio, draw image representations of the waveforms, etc. The program will basically be used as a converter, but I need to do some processing before outputting. That is, I need the ability to programatically remove some tracks, set panning per-track, change track volumes, etc. Nothing too complex, just some basic processing, and then output the result in either MP3 or a format easily converted to MP3, such as WAV. Any suggestions or general information would be appreciated, thanks.

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• Complementary language to learn after Python?

  - by BobDobbs

  As a reasonable proficient Python programmer, I'm wondering what a good second language to learn would be. More specifically, something that does well the things that Python doesn't in general do as well. My first guess would be C/C++ since it's got easy extensibility with Python and because it offers generally better performance, but I'm wondering if Java or C# might be a better or at least equivalently good option with different up/downsides compared to C/C++.

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• Quick top level server language question.

  - by Shane

  Right, so if you have to decide on a server-side language for a distributed Linux-based server backend, would you choose: PHP Mono ASP.net Java As a C++ programmer, I'm thinking Java+Tomcat, but I'd love to hear experienced thoughts here, especially relating to debugging and IDE (likely Eclipse). Also, please, it's not a flame question. I'm seeing excellent sites written in all, I'm just thinking about the compile/debug/release cycle. Cheers, Shane

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• Calculate shortest path through a grocery store

  - by Bart

  Hi, I'm trying to find a way to find the shortest path through a grocery store, visiting a list of locations (shopping list). The path should start at a specified startposition and can end at multiple endpositions (there are multiple checkout counters). Also, I have some predefined constraints on the path, such as "item x on the shopping list needs to be the last, second last, or third last item on the path". There is a function that will return true or false for a given path. Finally, this needs to be calculated with limited cpu power (on a smartphone) and within a second or so. If this isn't possible, then an approximation to the optimal path is also ok. Is this possible? So far I think I need to start by calculating the distance between every item on the list using something like A* or Dijkstra's. After that, should I treat it like the travelling salesman problem? Because in my problem there is a specified startnode, specified endnodes, and some constraints, which are not in the travelling salesman problem. Any help would be appreciated :)

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• Finding all cycles in graph

  - by nexeww

  How can I find (iterate over) ALL the cycles in a directed graph from/to a given node? For example, I want something like this: A->B->A A->B->C->A but not: B-C-B

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• Coding in Other (Spoken) Languages

  - by contagious

  Something i've always wondered, and I can't find any mention of it anywhere online. When a shop from, say Japan, writes code, would I be able to read it in english? Or do languages, like C, php, anything, have Japanese translations that they write? I guess what i'm asking is does every single coder in the world know enough english to use the exact same reserved words I do? Would this code: If (i < size){ switch case 1: print "hi there" default: print "no, thank you" } else { print "yes, thank you" } display the exact same as I'm seeing it right now in english, or would some other non-english-speaking person see the words "if", "switch", "case", "default", "print", and "else" in their native language? EDIT - yes, this is serious. I didn't know if different localiztions of a language have different keywords. or if there are even different localizations at all.

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• Changing the UI of a webform when the browser language changes

  - by Nadeem

  I need to change the location of some controls of a webform when the page is opened in a different language. That is I simply need to Localize the GUI of the Webform too along with the text of the webform.

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• What is "Structured" in Structured Query Language?

  - by Pavan

  Hi, What does the "Structured" word means in SQL? Is it because this(SQL) language statements are organized into Clauses, expressions and predicates? Because of this organization, is it called "Structured" ? Kind Regards, Pavan.

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• Big O complexity of simple for not always linear?

  - by i30817

  I'm sure most of you know that a nested loop has O(n^2) complexity if the function input size is n for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){ ... } } I think that this is similar, by a analogous argument, but i'm not sure can anyone confirm? for(int i = 0, max = n*n; i < max; i++{ ... } If so i guess that there is some kinds of code whose big O mapping is not immediately obvious besides recursion and subroutines.

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• Handling national language prefix for checkconstraints

  - by Chris Chilvers

  I'm trying to create a check constraint such as CHECK Type IN (N'Create', N'Remove') for an enumeration's value. Sqlite complains about this syntax and only accepts CHECK Type IN ('Create', 'Remove'). The main database will be Sql Server 2005, but I use sqlite's in memory database for unit tests. Is there any way to get sqlite to recognise the national language (N) prefix? Alternatively, is there an easy way when using FluentNHibernate to adapt an nvarchar constant to match the database's dialect?

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• Finding the Reachability Count for all vertices of a DAG

  - by ChrisH

  I am trying to find a fast algorithm with modest space requirements to solve the following problem. For each vertex of a DAG find the sum of its in-degree and out-degree in the DAG's transitive closure. Given this DAG: I expect the following result: Vertex # Reacability Count Reachable Vertices in closure 7 5 (11, 8, 2, 9, 10) 5 4 (11, 2, 9, 10) 3 3 (8, 9, 10) 11 5 (7, 5, 2, 9, 10) 8 3 (7, 3, 9) 2 3 (7, 5, 11) 9 5 (7, 5, 11, 8, 3) 10 4 (7, 5, 11, 3) It seems to me that this should be possible without actually constructing the transitive closure. I haven't been able to find anything on the net that exactly describes this problem. I've got some ideas about how to do this, but I wanted to see what the SO crowd could come up with.

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• Subroutine & GoTo design

  - by sub

  I have a strange question concerning subroutines: As I'm creating a minimal language and I don't want to add high-level loops like while or for I was planning on just adding gotos to keep it Turing-Complete. Now I thought, eww - gotos - I wouldn't want to program in that language if I had to use gotos so often. So I thought about adding subroutines instead. I see the difference as the following: gotos Go to (captain obvious) a previously defined point and continue executing the program from there. Leads to hardly understandable and buggy code, I think that's a fact. subroutines Similiar: You define their starting point somewhere, as you call them the program jumps there - but the subroutine can go back to the point it was called from with return. Okay. Why didn't I just add the more function-like, nice looking subroutines? Because: In order to make return work if I call subroutines from within subroutines from within other subroutines, I'd have to use a stack containing the point where the currently running subroutine came from at top. That would then mean that I would, if I create loops using the subroutines, end up with an extremely memory-eating, overflowing stack with return locations. Not good. Don't think of my subroutines as functions. They are just gotos that return to the point they were called from, they don't actually give back values like the return x; statement in nearly all today's languages. Now to my actual questions: How can I solve the above problem with the stack overflow on loops with subroutines? Do I have to add a separate goto language construct without the return option? Assembler doesn't have loops but as I have seen myJumpPoint:, jnz, jz, retn. That means to me that there must also be a stack containing all the return locations. Am I right with that? What about long running loops then? Don't they overflow the stack/eat memory then? Am I getting the retn symbol in assembler totally wrong? If yes, please explain it to me.

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• What's the best functional language to learn/experience the power of functional language?

  - by prosseek

  I see a lot of functional programming languages nowadays compared to a decade ago. ML/Occaml Erlang F# Clojure Scala Lisp/Scheme Out of these plethora of functional languages, what do you think is the best language that can teach the power of functional programming?

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• 3d symmetry search algorithm

  - by aaa

  this may be more appropriate for math overflow, but nevertheless: Given 3d structure (for example molecule), what is a good approach/algorithm to find symmetry (rotational/reflection/inversion/etc.)? I came up with brute force naive algorithm, but it seems there should be better approach. I am not so much interested in genetic algorithms as I would like best symmetry rather then almost the best symmetry link to website/paper would be great. thanks

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• client-server syncing methodology [theoretical]

  - by Kenneth Ballenegger

  I'm in the progress of building an web-app that syncs with an iOS client. I'm currently tackling trying to figure out how to go about about syncing. I've come up with following two directions: I've got a fairly simple server web-app with a list of items. They are ordered by date modified and as such syncing the order does not matter. One direction I'm considering is to let the client deal with syncing. I've already got an API that lets the client get the data, as well as do certain actions on it, such as update, add or remove single items. I was considering: 1) on each sync asking the server for all items modified since the last successful sync and updating the local records based on what's returned by the server, and 2) building a persistent queue of create / remove / update requests on the client, and keeping them until confirmation by the server. The risk with this approach is that I'm basically asking each side to send changes to the other side, hoping it works smoothly, but risking a diversion at some point. This would probably be more bandwidth-efficient, though. The other direction I was considering was a more traditional model. I would have a "sync" process in which the client would send its whole list to the server (or a subset since last modified sync), the server would update the data on the server (by fixing conflicts by keeping the last modified item, and keeping deleted items with a deleted = 1 field), and the server would return an updated list of items (since last successful sync) which the client would then replace its data with. Thoughts?

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• Can you find a pattern to sync files knowing only dates and filenames?

  - by Robert MacLean

  Imagine if you will a operating system that had the following methods for files Create File: Creates (writes) a new file to disk. Calling this if a file exists causes a fault. Update File: Updates an existing file. Call this if a file doesn't exist causes a fault. Read File: Reads data from a file. Enumerate files: Gets all files in a folder. Files themselves in this operating system only have the following meta data: Created Time: The original date and time the file was created, by the Create File method. Modified Time: The date and time the file was last modified by the Update File method. If the file has never been modified, this will equal the Create Time. You have been given the task of writing an application which will sync the files between two directories (lets call them bill and ted) on a machine. However it is not that simple, the client has required that The application never faults (see methods above). That while the application is running the users can add and update files and those will be sync'd next time the application runs. Files can be added to either the ted or bill directories. File names cannot be altered. The application will perform one sync per time it is run. The application must be almost entirely in memory, in other words you cannot create a log of filenames and write that to disk and then check that the next time. The exception to point 6 is that you can store date and times between runs. Each date/time is associated with a key labeled A through J (so you have 10 to use) so you can compare keys between runs. There is no way to catch exceptions in the application. Answer will be accepted based on the following conditions: First answer to meet all requirements will be accepted. If there is no way to meet all requirements, the answer which ensures the smallest amount of missed changes per sync will be accepted. A bounty will be created (100 points) as soon as possible for the prize. The winner will be selected one day before the bounty ends. Please ask questions in the comments and I will gladly update and refine the question on those.

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• Managing multiple .NET languages in a web application

  - by tomfanning

  I am part of a development team building a new ASP.NET 3.5 web application. Two of us are C# coders, and the other is a VB.NET coder. I know that we can mix languages on a per-project basis, and one can build classes in one language that inherit from classes written in the other language in a different project (which we are already doing), but I can see us getting into a situation where we might well end up with cyclic dependencies between our various project DLLs. Other than simply having a high number of projects (more seperation of concerns into more libraries), how have you managed this situation on your own projects? Note - I believe this question to be different enough from the only similar match I could find (this one) on the basis that we are not wanting to use different languages in order to take advantage of their specific features per se, but rather to make use of what developer resource is available to us (i.e. one dev just happens to be VB.NET only).

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• Find all cycles in graph, redux

  - by Shadow

  Hi, I know there are a quite some answers existing on this question. However, I found none of them really bringing it to the point. Some argue that a cycle is (almost) the same as a strongly connected components (s. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/546655/finding-all-cycles-in-graph/549402#549402) , so one could use algorithms designed for that goal. Some argue that finding a cycle can be done via DFS and checking for back-edges (s. boost graph documentation on file dependencies). I now would like to have some suggestions on whether all cycles in a graph can be detected via DFS and checking for back-edges? My opinion is that it indeed could work that way as DFS-VISIT (s. pseudocode of DFS) freshly enters each node that was not yet visited. In that sense, each vertex exhibits a potential start of a cycle. Additionally, as DFS visits each edge once, each edge leading to the starting point of a cycle is also covered. Thus, by using DFS and back-edge checking it should indeed be possible to detect all cycles in a graph. Note that, if cycles with different numbers of participant nodes exist (e.g. triangles, rectangles etc.), additional work has to be done to discriminate the acutal "shape" of each cycle.

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• How to minimize total cost of shortest path tree

  - by Michael

  I have a directed acyclic graph with positive edge-weights. It has a single source and a set of targets (vertices furthest from the source). I find the shortest paths from the source to each target. Some of these paths overlap. What I want is a shortest path tree which minimizes the total sum of weights over all edges. For example, consider two of the targets. Given all edge weights equal, if they share a single shortest path for most of their length, then that is preferable to two mostly non-overlapping shortest paths (fewer edges in the tree equals lower overall cost). Another example: two paths are non-overlapping for a small part of their length, with high cost for the non-overlapping paths, but low cost for the long shared path (low combined cost). On the other hand, two paths are non-overlapping for most of their length, with low costs for the non-overlapping paths, but high cost for the short shared path (also, low combined cost). There are many combinations. I want to find solutions with the lowest overall cost, given all the shortest paths from source to target. Does this ring any bells with anyone? Can anyone point me to relevant algorithms or analogous applications? Cheers!

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• Programming challenge: can you code a hello world program as a Palindrome?

  - by Assaf Lavie

  So the puzzle is to write a hello world program in your language of choice, where the program's source file as a string has to be a palindrome. To be clear, the output has to be exactly "Hello, World". Edit: Well, with comments it seems trivial (not that I thought of it myself of course [sigh].. hat tip to cobbal). So new rule: no comments. Edit: I feel kind of bad editing someone else's question to say this, but it will eliminate a lot of non-palindromes that keep popping up, and I'm tired of seeing the same simple mistake over and over. The following is NOT a palindrome: ()() The following IS a palindrome: ())( Brackets, parenthesis, and anything else that must match are a major barrier to palindrome-ing, yes, but that doesn't mean you can ignore them and post non-palindrome answers. Languages represented thus far: C, C++, Bash, elisp, C#, Perl, sh, Windows shell, Java, Common Lisp, Awk, Ruby, Brainfuck, Funge, Python, Machine Language, HQ9+, Assembly, TCL, J, php, Haskell, io, TeX, APL, Javascript, mIRC Script, Basic, Orc, Fortran, Unlambda, Pseudo-code, Befunge, CFML, Lua, INTERCAL, VBScript, HTML, sed, PostScript, GolfScript, REBOL, SQL

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• how/resources to compile a procedural language into [sql]

  - by Philip

  I am looking into the possibility/feasibility/resources for building a cross compiler which takes a procedural or Object Oriented language like C, or Java and compiling it into SQL. I understand that the advantage of SQL code is performing set operations which is fundamentally different from procedural languages which generally process 1 at a time. If anyone has done this before, or if it is thought of as too complicated to do or any other ideas/concerns/suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance Philip

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• Is UML a programming language?

  - by WeNeedAnswers

  Could UML be used to program a computer system on its own, without a supporting implementation language, e.g. diagrams straight to machine code (maybe via C or C++ etc), without human coding intervention.

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• Provable planarity of flowcharts

  - by Nikolaos Kavvadias

  Hi all I have a question: is there any reference (e.g. paper) with a proof of the planarity of flowchart layouts? Can anyone suggest an algorithm for generating flowchart (planar) layouts? I know that there are some code-to-flowchart tools out there, but i'm unaware of their internals. Thanks in advance -kavi

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• natural language processing internships

  - by user552127

  Hi All, Pls someone guide me in finding paid Grad internships in Natural Language Processing over the summer. I am really interested in NLP/ML and have taken up the excellent course offered at my school in Fall. I would be glad to work for passionate startups that do actual NLP tasks such as semantic extraction (and not just information retrieval) etc. I have worked with Java and teaching myself Python in all NLP tasks. Thanks, Sanjay

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