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• Advice: USB Monitoring Programming

  - by Kashif

  I need an advice about USB programming in linux. i have to design a USB monitoring program that 'll keep checking usb ports of a linux cent os. as soon as a usb or external hard disk is connected, this program will shoot an email to some specific person about detail of usb (as size, mount on, time). when usb is disconnected, it will again shoot an email to some person with same kind of information. mean while this program will also write logs in syslog/messages with name of programing for easy tracking. Now I want ask that what is best way to develop this program. as I'm new to this field so i know nothing about it? either i should use perl, bash scripting or some other language? I have no idea what is right way to adopt coz this program will keep running all the time to keep a check on usb ports. I know few commands in like lsusb, fdisk (to check attached usb) and df -h (to get detail of usb) but dont know how i can achieve using these commands that i am thinking. also one more thing that in future i also need to modify this program for ubuntu and Citrix XenServer and it should be same everywhere.

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• Borked ubuntu uninstall - need to delete boot partition (i think)

  - by Max Williams

  I just got a new pc laptop with windows 7 and wanted to install Ubuntu on it. Which i did, no problem there, by downloading the installer, burning it to dvd then booting off the dvd and installing. Then, i realised that the new Ubuntu 12.04 uses the Unity desktop, which i immediately disliked, and after some research, began to hate. So, i decided (after a little googling) to install Linux Mint instead. So, thinking i'd better start from scratch, i went to the Windows 7 disk manager and wiped the Ubuntu partition that had been created. Now, when i start up, i get an error from grub, the ubuntu boot manager: error: unknown filesystem grub rescue> _ and a blinking cursor where i can enter commands. I suspect that what i've done is deleted the main ubuntu partition but NOT deleted another partition which is a boot partition, or something like that? Can anyone tell me how i can rescue or unbork this? I'd like to either a) get back to my original windows-only setup OR b) install linux mint off dvd (which i have), into the empty partition, fixing any grub confusion in the process. Any suggestions? Thanks, max BTW please don't answer if you're just going to tell me to stick with 12.04, or install a different distro or something. I definitely want Mint and just want to fix this mess - thanks :)

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• Trying to communicate between virtual servers on the same host through ipv6

  - by Daniele Testa

  I am running KVM on a host with 2 virtual servers. Each virtual server has a own bridge interface on the host VPS1 has br1 VPS2 has br2 Each virtual server has a own ipv4 and a ipv6. The virtual servers has no problem communicating with internet or with eachother through ipv4. However, with ipv6, they can only communicate with internet and NOT with eachother. The host can ping the 2 virtual servers without any problems, but they cannot ping eachother. iptables has been set to ACCEPT on all chains, so it is not the problem. VPS1 has ipv6 = 2a01:4f8:xxx:xxx::10 VPS2 has ipv6 = 2a01:4f8:xxx:xxx::5 the host has the following routes set: ip route add 2a01:4f8:xxx:xxx::10 dev br1 ip route add 2a01:4f8:xxx:xxx::5 dev br2 When I do a ping from VPS2 to VPS1, I see the following on the host: tcpdump -i br1 15:32:27.704404 IP6 2a01:4f8:xxx:xxx::10 > ff02::1:ff00:5: ICMP6, neighbor solicitation, who has 2a01:4f8:xxx:xxx::5, length 32 So it seems like the host is seeing the request coming from VPS1 on br1. But for some reason, it does not forward it to br2. Instead it is asking where the destination IP is through ipv6 multicast. Anyone has a clue what is going on? I find this very strange, as it is working fine with ipv4 with the exact same settings and routes.

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• Access 2007: How can I make this EXPRESSION less complex?

  - by Mike

  Access is telling me that my new expression is to complex. It used to work when we had 10 service levels, but now we have 19! Great! My expression is checking the COST of our services in the [PriceCharged] field and then assigning the appropriate HOURS [Servicelevel] when I perform a calculation to work out how much REVENUE each colleague has made when working for a client. The [EstimatedTime] field stores the actual hours each colleague has worked. [EstimatedTime]/[ServiceLevel]*[PriceCharged] Great. Below is the breakdown of my COST to HOURS expression. I've put them on different lines to make it easier to read - please do not be put off by the length of this post, it's all the same info in the end. Many thanks,Mike ServiceLevel: IIf([pricecharged]=100(COST),6(HOURS), IIf([pricecharged]=200 Or [pricecharged]=210,12.5, IIf([pricecharged]=300,19, IIf([pricecharged]=400 Or [pricecharged]=410,25, IIf([pricecharged]=500,31, IIf([pricecharged]=600,37.5, IIf([pricecharged]=700,43, IIf([pricecharged]=800 Or [pricecharged]=810,50, IIf([pricecharged]=900,56, IIf([pricecharged]=1000,62.5, IIf([pricecharged]=1100,69, IIf([pricecharged]=1200 Or [pricecharged]=1210,75, IIf([pricecharged]=1300 Or [pricecharged]=1310,100, IIf([pricecharged]=1400,125, IIf([pricecharged]=1500,150, IIf([pricecharged]=1600,175, IIf([pricecharged]=1700,200, IIf([pricecharged]=1800,225, IIf([pricecharged]=1900,250,0)))))))))))))))))))

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• NTBackup (on WS2k3) fails to backup remote server (WS2k8R2) with " Error: is not a valid drive, or you do not have access."

  - by Mark A

  We run an NTBackup job on a Windows Server 2003 R2 SP2 with all updates (as of Q4-2011). It works well backing up two WS2k3 servers as well as the backup server itself. However, we have been unable to successfully back up our Windows Server 2008 R2 machine ("G5-01"). It often runs for about 2GB worth of backup and then dies out with one of the below error messages. It should be more like 20GB for the full server. We have tried using the admin share (C$), an explicitly shared drive share, UNC and mapped drives. The result is the same each time, the only thing that varies is the amount of stuff backed up before it chokes. We've also run NTBbackup from the UI interface, from the command line and as a scheduled task. We are backing up to 400/800GB tapes and they have plenty of space available on them (blank media). Error: \\G5-01\c is not a valid drive, or you do not have access. Error: \\G5-01\c$ is not a valid drive, or you do not have access. Error: Y: is not a valid drive, or you do not have access. Error: Could not access or create backup catalog files. Verify that you have full access to the working folder and there is disk space available. The job is run as Administrator and we have no problems logging onto the server and transferring files. The Event Log on the WS2k8 is not much help, as it has success audits for each login. All of the hardware involved (HP DL360 G3, HP LTO Ultrium 3, Adaptec 39320A) has the latest supported drivers. We've seemingly tried a bunch of different options but are wondering where to look next to resolve the backup issue. We've been super happy with our reliable schedule task for years but this one is stumping us!

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• Why is IIS 7.5 seeing some requests as HTTP/1.0?

  - by Zhaph - Ben Duguid

  While trying to work out why Static File Compression wasn't working on one of our IIS servers, the error was coming back as "NO_COMPRESSION_10" which translates to: Server not configured to compress 1.0 requests Looking at the requests in Fiddler, I can see that I'm requesting HTTP 1.1, but everything is being sent back as HTTP 1.0: Request (from chrome, captured via Fiddler): GET /css/reset.css HTTP/1.1 Host: [-----].com Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 If-Modified-Since: Tue, 16 Oct 2012 15:04:34 GMT User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.95 Safari/537.11 Accept: text/css,*/*;q=0.1 Referer: http://[-----].com/ Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-GB,en;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Response from IIS: HTTP/1.0 200 OK Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Pragma: no-cache Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Expires: -1 Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Tue, 11 Dec 2012 11:57:03 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 108837 Other servers with the same host that I'm running this site on all respond with HTTP/1.1. How can I persuade IIS to respond with HTTP/1.1 rather than HTTP/1.0? Edit to add: Digging deeper, I can see that some responses from the server are indeed being returned compressed, so I guess really I'm trying to work out why talking to this particular server from our office seems to result in it seeing 1.0 requests, while other servers at the same co-loc don't?

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• Booting an Asus EeePC from a LiveCD USB stick

  - by Bryan

  I have two identical Asus EeePC netbooks that are both installed with Ubuntu. One of them was sitting on the closet shelf and the battery went completely dead. When I charged the battery and tried to boot the it, I got the "No init found" error. In trying to follow the suggested way to fix it posted here, I used the Startup Disk Creator on my Ubuntu 11.10 desktop machine to create a USB stick with a bootable Ubuntu 11.10 live CD on it (the netbook doesn't have a CD drive). I plugged the USB stick into the netbook with the init issues, went into the BIOS and selected the USB stick as the 1st choice to boot from, and did a hard restart. It then just stuck at the flashing underscore. Not knowing why it wasn't working, I tried booting my working netbook from the USB stick. When I got into the BIOS on the working netbook, I noticed the description in the boot order section for the USB device was different. On the non-working netbook, the description was SWISSBIT (the name of the USB stick) but on the working netbook it was just "Rem. Drive". I also noticed on the working netbook there was an additional option under the bootable order section that allowed me to choose which hard drive to boot from. This section showed two hard drives, one of them being my USB stick. So, rather than changing the device boot order, I selected the USB stick as the hard drive to boot from first and it worked like a champ - I was able to boot into the LiveCD on the USB stick. Seems to me the working netbook is seeing the LiveCD USB stick as a hard drive, where-as the non-working netbook is seeing it as a plain ol' USB stick. The BIOS is the exact same version on both netbooks... any idea why it works on one and not on the other?

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• External HDD incorrectly detected as internal - how change to enable hot swap/eject?

  - by Sam

  Hi All, I have win 7 x64 Home Prem. The HDD is a seagate barracuda, 7200.7 ST3120827AS. 3.5", Serial: 3ms006n6, Firmware: 3.42 (no further updates) NexStar CX External case (drivers installed). I have three drives: WD320 with OS installed WD750 data storage (internal) seagate 120 (external) - connected via esata board connected to sata on motherboard (MSI p43 neo) Tried uninstalling HDD in device manager to no effect. Also the internal WD750 is detected as an external drive and win taskbar icon allows for it to be ejected (unlike the seagate). All drives are configured - Online, Simple, Basic, NTFS, Active, Primary Partition (except c drive). The seagate was previously used as a primary disk with XP operating system so I deleted the volume and created/reformatted (not quick). HDD is no longer "Active". But did not fix problem. Background Originally, I installed win 7 with the bios set to IDE and forgot to install the chipset drivers. Then I changed win 7 to install the AHCI drivers, changed the bios to AHCI and rebooted. Win 7 loaded drivers but WD HDD gave problems/crashed. I installed chipset drivers and latest intell storage matrix software thingie (in safe mode). Everything worked fine after that except for the problem of not corrrectly detecting the external drive] I have noticed that under the driver properties (and similarly in the registry) the two drives are configured differently (e.g. in driver details property capabilities for the WD the value is set to 0000006, CM_DEVCAP_REMOVABLE & EJECTSUPPORTED - whereas the seagate shows 0000080 & CM_DEVCAP_SURPRISEREMOVALOK). Any easy way to configure things? I tried physically swapping the sata connections on the mainboard without success So far I have found that a solution to my problem might be to perform some reg changes: http://superuser.com/questions/12955/how-do-i-remove-the-option-to-eject-sata-drives-from-the-windows-7-tray-icon

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• VMWare ESXi 5 - Expanded RAID 5 array - cannot access datastore

  - by Dayton Brown

  I'm using VMWare ESXi 5 and had a 2 TB RAID 5 setup on an HP DL360 with a P400i RAID card. I added two more 1 TB drives and using the SmartStart ACU, added the drives and expanded the logical disk. Now after booting back to ESXi, the server boots, but lists no available persistent storage. I've rescanned multiple times to no avail: the Datastore doesn't show up. I booted to GParted and the 1.8TB partition shows up, but it shows as unknown. Anyone have any good ideas? EDIT: Final Solution So after much gnashing of teeth, it was fairly simple to solve. I purchased an eSata 2 TB external drive and a PCI eSata card for my server. I then used Clonezilla to image the current partitions to my new external drive. You have to check "don't check drive sizes" in advanced mode, otherwise it will yell at you for have a smaller drive. For some reason my PCI card wouldn't boot on my HP server, so I hooked the drive up to another desktop I had, booted to VMWare, and copied the vmdk's to another drive. I'm going to blow out the RAID config and then create 1.5TB logical drives.

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• Why is windows not able to create a system partition?

  - by hughes

  I'm reinstalling Windows 7 64 bit, and I encountered an issue I've never seen before. I have a legit copy of Win 64 Professional, and I've installed it probably a half dozen times on this machine in the past without a problem. Googling the error only brings me to issues with people who are upgrading to win7. The drive itself seems to not have a problem. I can mount it on other systems and I can create an NTFS partition on it on other machines. I can install Ubuntu on it without any issues. Additionally, if I try using my alternate backup hard drive, the installer gives the same error. I have run diskpart from the setup page and clean seems to report that all is well. However, I cannot get past the screen below, which says Setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition. This happens regardless of whether or not the disk space is already allocated. What is causing this? How do I solve or get past this?

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• Linux: CIFS/Samba mount hangs for several minutes

  - by Pistos

  I have a small local network which has a Gentoo box and a Windows box. I mount a share originating on the Windows box onto the Gentoo box with a command like: mount -t cifs -o username=WindowsUsername,password=thepassword,uid=pistos //192.168.0.103/Users /mnt/windowsbox Most of the time, everything Just Works, and I can read and write without problems. However, every few weeks or so, the connection or the mount point seems to go dead or hang, such that any process that tries to access the mount point gets stuck in D state (disk, or I/O wait). These processes become impervious to TERM and KILL signals. Disconnecting and reconnecting the Windows box from the network does not help. The frozen state lasts for 5+ minutes. It's really frustrating and gets in the way of normal work, because it freezes Save As dialogues, ls commands, etc. If I issue a umount on the mount point, it either hangs also, or reports that the mount point is in use. Eventually, the dead state resolves itself, and the mount point gets unmounted, or it becomes possible to umount with no delay. My guess is that this happens when the connection/mount has gone idle, or when the Windows machine has been idle. I am not really sure. Why is this happening, and what can I do to prevent it? Or how can I successfully kill these D-state processes at will? Possibly related: CIFS mounts hang on read

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• Windows based development environment: HyperV, VMWare, or VirtualBox on development machine?

  - by bleepzter

  I am a software engineer with a little bit of an informal "support" functionality... I am trying to figure out what is the best possible approach to employing virtualization technologies into our development process. Since the code we develop is server-centric, testing it often requires a VM with specific software requirements. I used to use VM Ware player (free version) to run my VM's until both of my laptops started exhibiting issues with corrupted windows 7 services and dying hard drives. All leads pointed to VMWare, which by the way seems to be a solid product if you pay for the Workstation edition ($300). On a side note, I have always been a fan of the Windows Server product line. I think it makes for one of the best development environments out there - it is highly scalable, highly reliable, and very efficient. So to be fair I replaced the drives of the laptops and installed Windows Server 2008R2, VS2010 Ultimate SP1, SQL Server 2008R2, TFS Server 2010 and all other tools and API's needed do do my work properly. So now I am stuck with a bunch of VMWare VMs. I don't want to repeat of what happened before, and I certainly don't want to bog down my machine with an inefficient hypervisor or services that are not needed. Futhermore the VMDK hard-disk format used by VMWare is not compatible with the VHD format of Hyper V. It is my understanding that converting from one format to the other can only happen by Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine which I have downloaded from MSDN and ready to install. I guess the question at this point is: Does SCVM run as another service in Windows? Is it a memory hog? What is a better virtualization technology - Hyper-V or Virtual Box in terms of efficiency ease of use and most importantly - memory footprint? (Keep in mind the development environment already has a ton of services running such as TFS Server, SQL Server, IIS, etc...) How would you advise to proceed at this point so that the VMs are still used in the test process? Thanks Martin

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• Collect temperature and fan speed with munin from Windows 7 PC?

  - by nfm

  Hi, I'm quite fond of munin and using it also at home to monitor my PCs. What was super-duper easy under Linux is pretty much unsolvable for me under Windows: I'd like to monitor CPU and Motherboard temperatures as well as fan speed. On Linux I'm using lm-sensors and the plugin for munin was basically there. I access already some information from my Windows machine via SNMP (disk space, CPU usage, memory usage); the graphs are simple as is the information exposed via SNMP, but they do their job. But when it comes to temperature and fan speed I'm running against a wall. My research so far resulted in that Windows does not by default provide out of the box ability to retrieve temperature/fan speed data. Third party applications are necessary which have know-how how to communicate with the Motherboard chips. The best I cam up with is that SpeedFan exposes a shared memory interface and there exists a library which hooks into Windows SNMP facility and bridges over to SpeedFans shared memory interface; it's called SFSNMP (site currently down). Unfortunately the library doesn't work, there's a bug report at SpeedFan open about it, but it's currently not moving (although the SFSNMP author is active there) . So, unless that's going to work like anytime soon, are there any alternatives? I'm not found of buying any software to get that feature, given that I take it as granted that my system exposes me the information to properly monitor it, but anyway don't just not answer because of this.

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• How do I force a restore over an existing database?

  - by Ian Boyd

  I have a database, and i want to force a restore over top of it. I check the option: Overwrite the existing database (WITH REPLACE) But, as expected, SSMS is unable to overwrite the existing database. Of course i don't want different filenames; i want to overwrite the existing database. How do i force a restore over an existing database? And for Google search crawler: File '%s' is claimed by '%s'(4) and '%s"(3). The WITH MOVE clause can be used to relocate one or more files. RESTORE DATABASE is terminating abnormally. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 3176) Update The script (before i deleted the database, because i needed to get it done) was: RESTORE DATABASE [HealthCareGovManager] FILE = N'HealthCareGovManager_Data', FILE = N'HealthCareGovManager_Archive', FILE = N'HealthCareGovManager_AuditLog' FROM DISK = N'D:\STAGING\HealthCareGovManager10232013.bak' WITH FILE = 1, MOVE N'HealthCareGovManager_Data' TO N'D:\CGI Data\HealthCareGovManager.MDF', MOVE N'HealthCareGovManager_Archive' TO N'D:\CGI Data\HealthCareGovManager.ndf', MOVE N'HealthCareGovManager_AuditLog' TO N'D:\CGI Data\HealthCareGovManager.ndf', MOVE N'HealthCareGovManager_Log' TO N'D:\CGI Data\HealthCareGovManager.LDF', NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 10 I used the UI to delete the existing database, so that i could use the UI to force an overwrite of the (non)existing database. Hopefully there can be an answer so that the next guy can have an answer. No, nobody was in the context of the database (The error message from other connections is quite different from this error, and i only got to see this error after i killed the other connections).

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• What is the quickest and safest way to test new software and revert all changes, if needed?

  - by calbar

  I'm looking for Windows software that will allow me to quickly create a "checkpoint", do whatever I might need to do to my computer - install programs/drivers/updates, create/delete personal files, reboot the system multiple times, open questionable attachments - and then revert the entire system back to when the checkpoint was created. Essentially I want Windows Restore Points that save my personal files and partitions, too. It sounds like disk imaging might be the ticket, but creating them is much too slow and the restore process too involved... I'm hoping to sacrifice full disaster recovery for speed. Creating a checkpoint should be as close to one-click as possible, and rolling back should be a matter of selecting a restore point and rebooting. Ding! I'm familiar with Sandboxie, True Image Home "Try and Decide", Returnil, and a number of other "virtual system" apps that actively "catch" changes and allow you to commit or reject them. I'm not interested in these for a number of reasons - I prefer the "cut and dry" restore point approach. Finally, I'll note that I've just recently become aware of Comodo Time Machine. It sounds absolutely perfect, however, a quick skim through the user forums show more than a few horror stories of corrupted, unbootable systems. Any positive personal experience with the software to suppress my superstitions, or suggestions for more established alternatives would be greatly appreciated - Comodo Time Machine seems relatively new. Thanks for your help!

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• Dual-booting Windows 7 and Ubuntu

  - by CFP

  Hello everyone, I've just received my Dell Studio 17 laptop, which comes with Windows 7 x64 preinstalled. I'm having quite a hard time installing ubuntu on it. First of all, here is how I partitioned the drive using GPartEd: |==Dell utility partition==|==Dell Recovery partition==|==Windows 7==|[==Ubuntu==|==Data partition==]| Where [] denotes an extended partition. Here are the steps I completed: I used GParted to create this structure, keeping windows 7 installed I booted ubuntu LiveCD, and installed it on the right partition I let it install grub automatically I rebooted intu ubuntu I went back to windows 7, no problems I then rebooted. Grub was gone. I used Super Grub Disk to restore grub, it didn't work. I tried to boot into ubuntu from supergrubdisk, but grub couldn't fint the boot folder I then reinstalled ubuntu, went through the same steps, but there SGD did boot my ubuntu I reverted to the previous version of grub, and installed it on my hard drive It worked, but trying to boot win7 got me the "No MBR, press Ctrl+Alt+Del to reboot" error I used the windows 7 cd to restore the MBR (the auto wizard didn't work, had to rebuild the mbr from command line Now Ubuntu is gone. 7 works fine I read a lot about this, and realized that many people could simply not boot win7 again after encountering this problem. Now I'd like to restore GRUB, but I really won't go through the hassle of doing a full new cycle of installing/reinstalling everything again. Is there a GRUB guru around, to provide me with a detailed guide to not screwing everything up once again? Thanks a lot!

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• Dialog box tells me there's a missing driver when installing 64-bit version of Windows 7

  - by Eikern

  I'm trying to install Windows 7 64-bit on my computer (ASUS P6T Deluxe V2, one 80GB HDD and two 1 TB HDDs). When I'm supposed to select whether I want to Upgrade or do a Custom install, I get a dialog box telling me: Load Driver A required CD/DVD drive device driver is missing. If you have a driver floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB flash drive, please insert it now. Note: If the Windows installation media is in the CD/DVD drive, you can safely remove it for this step. I've tried to reach this step using a 32-bit installation disc, but that doesn't generate this message at all. Through the command windows (shift-F10) I can reach all of my drives, including my optical drive, without any problems--so what kind of device driver is it the installation wants? I've tried all the obvious drivers on the CD that followed my motherboard, but I can't seem to find the right one. The problem is that I don't know what device I'm supposed to load the drivers for in the first place. Can anyone help me? Edit: It turned out that my downloaded image was corrupted. I borrowed a DVD from a friend of mine, which worked!

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• CloudFront with Custom Origin and ELB

  - by kmfk

  We are using CloudFront for our static assets but also wanted to allow for Gzip. We set up a new distribution with a custom origin pointing back to our application servers which are behind a elastic load balancer. We manually keep the files in sync across the cluster and update them when we publish. However, with this set up, we get nothing but Miss and RefreshHits from CloudFront, which so far has defeated the purpose. Is there any additional settings in order to use an ELB as your custom origin? In the docs, it references this as a viable solution. It appears when we point the distribution to a single server in our production cluster, cloudfront properly caches our assets. Is it possible that the sticky sessions cookie and the subsequent header that gets added by it could be an issue? Cache-Control: no-cache="set-cookie" //Added by load balancer Any ideas? FYI - currently, we have our custom origin pointing to a single EC2 instance, so caching is working correctly - in case you try to curl the file below. Example headers: curl -I http://static.quick-cdn.com/css/9850999.css HTTP/1.0 200 OK Accept-Ranges: bytes Cache-Control: max-age=3700 Cache-Control: no-cache="set-cookie" Content-Length: 23038 Content-Type: text/css Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2012 23:03:52 GMT Last-Modified: Thu, 12 Apr 2012 23:00:14 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.17 (Ubuntu) Vary: Accept-Encoding X-Cache: RefreshHit from cloudfront X-Amz-Cf-Id: K_q7Zy3_jdzlEJ85ukELVtdx1GmuXqApAbZZ7G0fPt0mxRMqPKX5pQ==,RzJmPku-rEIO9WlvuSoKa8hiAaR3dLk5KC4cQMWWrf_MDhmjWe8n6A== Via: 1.0 28c34f9fbf559a21ee16594849e4fc9c.cloudfront.net (CloudFront) Connection: close

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• What is the max connections via remote desktop for a small server?

  - by Jay Wen

  I have a small server running MS Server 2012. The CPU is a Xeon E3-1230 V2 @ 3.30GHz, 4 Cores, 8 Logical Processors, 8 GB RAM. Main HD is a Samsung 840, and the big storage is a 4 disk WD Black Raid 10 Array in a Synology NAS enclusure. My question is: given this hardware, approximately how many users can the system support via "Remote Desktop Connection"? Assume there are no licensing limits. These are not admin users. I know there is a two admin limit. This boils down to: What resources does one remote connection require? RAM? % of the CPU? Networking bandwidth? I guess the base case would be for a conection where the user is inactive or simply browsing cnn. Once you know this, you know how many you could fit on the machine before something is maxed-out. In reality, users would be mostly on Excel (multi-MB spreadsheets). I know the approx. resources currently required by each copy of Excel.

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• Boot drive not found issue after cloning using Apricorn EZgig

  - by TomWilsonFL

  A couple days ago I cloned a drive for someone using the EZgig software. Usually this goes without a hitch, but this particular drive I was cloning is quite old. When I restarted with the new drive I received the typical bootable disk not found message, so I turned it off, messed with the BIOS, restarted and it came up fine. That night I was working remotely on the computer and had to restart it. It didn't come back up; not a good sign. When the user came to the computer in the morning it was giving the same message. I have found that to make the computer boot, all I have to do is go into the BIOS and "Load Defaults", then restart. It will boot and runs great. Any thoughts on what is causing this situation? Is it MBR corruption? Are some settings being saved in the CMOS? A couple points of mention: I have already attempted looking for a BIOS update for the computer, but the newest is already installed (from 2003). When the computer reboots it either shows "None" for Primary Master, or sometimes it will just not show anything. Thanks, Tom

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• How can I automatically synchronize a directory tree on multiple machines?

  - by Blacklight Shining

  I have two Mac laptops and a Debian server, each with a directory that I would like to keep in sync between the three. The solution should meet the following criteria (in rough order of importance): It must not use any third-party service (e.g. Dropbox, SugarSync, Google whatever). This does not include installing additional software (as long as it's free). It must not require me to use specific directories or change my way of storing things. (Dropbox does this IIRC) It must work in all directions (changes made on /any/ machine should be pushed to the others) All data sent must be encrypted (I have ssh keypairs set up already) It must work even when not all machines are available (changes should be pushed to a machine when it comes back online) It must work even when the /directories/ on some machines are not available (they may be stored on disk images which will not always be mounted) This can be solved for Macs by using launchd to automatically launch and kill (or in some way change the behavior of) whatever daemon is used for syncing when the images are mounted and unmounted. It must be immediate (using an event-based system, not a periodic one like cron) It must be flexible (if more machines are added, I should be able to incorporate them easily) I also have some preferences that I would like to be fulfilled, but do not have to be: It should notify me somehow if there are conflicts or other errors. It should recognize symbolic and hard links and create corresponding ones. It should allow me to create a list of exceptions (subdirectories which will not be synced at all). It should not require me to set up port forwarding or otherwise reconfigure a network. This can be solved by using an ssh tunnel with reverse port forwarding. If you have a solution that meets some, but not all of the criteria, please contribute it in the comments as it might be useful in some way, and it might be possible to meet some of the criteria separately. What I tried, and why it didn't work: rsync and lsyncd do not support bidirectional synchronization csync2 is designed for server clusters and does not appear to work with machines with dynamic IPs DRBD (suggested by amotzg) involves installing a kernel module and does not appear to work on systems running OS X

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• How can I measure actual memory usage from my running processes?

  - by NullUser

  I have two servers, server1 and server2. Both of them are identical HP blades, running the exact same OS (RHEL 5.5). Here's the output of free for both of them: ### server1: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 8017848 2746596 5271252 0 212772 1768800 -/+ buffers/cache: 765024 7252824 Swap: 14188536 0 14188536 ### server2: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 8017848 4494836 3523012 0 212724 3136568 -/+ buffers/cache: 1145544 6872304 Swap: 14188536 0 14188536 If I understand correctly, server2 is using significantly more memory for disk I/O caching, which still counts as memory used. But both are running the same OS and if I remember correctly, I configured both with the same parameters when they were installed. I did a diff on /etc/sysctl.conf and they are identical. The problem is, I am collecting memory usage and other metrics over a period of time, (eg: vmstat, iostat, etc.) while a load is generated on the system. The memory used for caching is throwing off my calculations on the results. How can I measure actual memory usage from my running processes, rather than system usage? Is used - (buffers + cached) a valid way to measure this?

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• Formatting a memory stick with two partitions?

  - by Marius

  I have a 16GB memorystick which used to have a Linux partition. It therefore has two partitions; 2GB FAT32 and 14GB linux boot drive. The linux part stopped working, so I decided to reinstall it. But windows can't see that partition. I tried formatting the whole disk, but I can only format one partition (the FAT32). There seems to be no way to combine the two partitions into one big one, and there seems to be no way for windows to partition the large part of the memorystick to but Linux on it. In the windows partition manager, windows sees the large unused partition, and it let me delete it. But once I have deleted it, I'm not allowed to format it. Also I cannot delete or resize the small partition. So, to summarize: I have a memorystick with two partitons. Windows only sees one of them, and won't let me use the other one. I would like to combine the two partitions so I can install Linux on the memory stick again.

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• How can I add a second hard drive to a previously configured UEFI/ACHI Windows 8 machine?

  - by pflyer

  Recently purchased a new Windows 8 PC. It came with one hard drive. I want to a second hard drive to it. This second hard drive is my data hard drive from my previous computer. However, I have run into issues when the system accesses it. The drive is found in the BIOS. But is not seen by Explorer or Disk Management. I have added the drive to the next available SATA slot: SATA 2. The machine is a UEFI/ACHI based machine. In my reading I have found people documenting the following: 1) adding multiple partitioned hard drives (like mine is) to UEFI based machines is not possible 2) I have seen it suggested that you can only add blank hard drives to UEFI based machines. However, in doing so, I did not have success. I tried to add it as a hard drive with unallocated space and then as a hard drive with a single simple partition. Both attempts failed. My ultimate question: What is the proper procedure for adding a second hard drive to a UEFI/ACHI machine? I do not want to reinstall the OS and start from scratch as I have seen suggested elsewhere. There has to be a way to accomplish this without all that hassle. Thanks in advance for your help.

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• How do I permanently delete /var/log/lastlog?

  - by GregB

  My /var/log/lastlog file is huge. I know it's really only a few kilobytes, but tar isn't smart enough to know that, so when I image a virtual machine, my restore fails because it thinks I'm trying to load more data than I have capacity on my disk. I want to delete /var/log/lastlog and stop any and all logging to the file. I'm aware of the security implications. This logging needs to stop to preserve my backup strategy. I've made a change to /etc/pam.d/login which I was told would disable logging to /var/log/lastlog, but it does not appear to work as /var/log/lastlog keeps growing. # Prints the last login info upon succesful login # (Replaces the `LASTLOG_ENAB' option from login.defs) #session optional pam_lastlog.so Any ideas? EDIT For anyone interested, I use Centrify Express to authenticate my users via LDAP. Centrify Express is "free", but one of the drawbacks is that I can't manage user UIDs via LDAP, so they are given a dynamic UID when they login to a server. Centrify picks some crazy high UID values (so they don't conflict with local users on the server, presumably). /var/log/lastlog is indexed by UID, and grows to accommodate the largest UID on the system. This means that when a Centrify user logs in, they get a UID in the upper-end of the UID range, which causes lastlog to allocate an obscene amount of space, according to the file system. ~$ ll /var/log/lastlog -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 291487675780 Apr 10 16:37 /var/log/lastlog ~$ du -h /var/log/lastlog 20K /var/log/lastlog More Into --- Sparse Files

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