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  • Process is killed without a (obvious) reason and program stops working

    - by Krzysiek Gurniak
    Here's what my program is supposed to do: create 4 child processes: process 0 is reading 1 byte at a time from STDIN, then writing it into FIFO process 1 is reading this 1 byte from fifo and write its value as HEX into shared memory process 2 is reading HEX value from shared memory and writing it into pipe finally process 3 is reading from pipe and writing into STDOUT (in my case: terminal) I can't change communication channels. FIFO, then shared memory, then pipes are the only option. My problem: Program stops at random moments when some file is directed into stdin (for example:./program < /dev/urandom). Sometimes after writing 5 HEX values, sometimes after 100. Weird thing is that when it is working and in another terminal I write "pstree -c" there is 1 main process with 4 children processes (which is what I want), but when I write "pstree -c" after it stopped writing (but still runs) there are only 3 child processes. For some reason 1 is gone even though they all have while(1) in them.. I think I might have problem with synchronization here, but I am unable to spot it (I've tried for many hours). Here's the code: #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/shm.h> #include <sys/sem.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <string.h> #include <signal.h> #define BUFSIZE 1 #define R 0 #define W 1 // processes ID pid_t p0, p1, p2, p3; // FIFO variables int fifo_fd; unsigned char bufor[BUFSIZE] = {}; unsigned char bufor1[BUFSIZE] = {}; // Shared memory variables key_t key; int shmid; char * tab; // zmienne do pipes int file_des[2]; char bufor_pipe[BUFSIZE*30] = {}; void proces0() { ssize_t n; while(1) { fifo_fd = open("/tmp/fifo",O_WRONLY); if(fifo_fd == -1) { perror("blad przy otwieraniu kolejki FIFO w p0\n"); exit(1); } n = read(STDIN_FILENO, bufor, BUFSIZE); if(n<0) { perror("read error w p0\n"); exit(1); } if(n > 0) { if(write(fifo_fd, bufor, n) != n) { perror("blad zapisu do kolejki fifo w p0\n"); exit(1); } memset(bufor, 0, n); // czyszczenie bufora } close(fifo_fd); } } void proces1() { ssize_t m, x; char wartosc_hex[30] = {}; while(1) { if(tab[0] == 0) { fifo_fd = open("/tmp/fifo", O_RDONLY); // otwiera plik typu fifo do odczytu if(fifo_fd == -1) { perror("blad przy otwieraniu kolejki FIFO w p1\n"); exit(1); } m = read(fifo_fd, bufor1, BUFSIZE); x = m; if(x < 0) { perror("read error p1\n"); exit(1); } if(x > 0) { // Konwersja na HEX if(bufor1[0] < 16) { if(bufor1[0] == 10) // gdy enter { sprintf(wartosc_hex, "0x0%X\n", bufor1[0]); } else { sprintf(wartosc_hex, "0x0%X ", bufor1[0]); } } else { sprintf(wartosc_hex, "0x%X ", bufor1[0]); } // poczekaj az pamiec bedzie pusta (gotowa do zapisu) strcpy(&tab[0], wartosc_hex); memset(bufor1, 0, sizeof(bufor1)); // czyszczenie bufora memset(wartosc_hex, 0, sizeof(wartosc_hex)); // przygotowanie tablicy na zapis wartosci hex x = 0; } close(fifo_fd); } } } void proces2() { close(file_des[0]); // zablokuj kanal do odczytu while(1) { if(tab[0] != 0) { if(write(file_des[1], tab, strlen(tab)) != strlen(tab)) { perror("blad write w p2"); exit(1); } // wyczysc pamiec dzielona by przyjac kolejny bajt memset(tab, 0, sizeof(tab)); } } } void proces3() { ssize_t n; close(file_des[1]); // zablokuj kanal do zapisu while(1) { if(tab[0] == 0) { if((n = read(file_des[0], bufor_pipe, sizeof(bufor_pipe))) > 0) { if(write(STDOUT_FILENO, bufor_pipe, n) != n) { perror("write error w proces3()"); exit(1); } memset(bufor_pipe, 0, sizeof(bufor_pipe)); } } } } int main(void) { key = 5678; int status; // Tworzenie plikow przechowujacych ID procesow int des_pid[2] = {}; char bufor_proces[50] = {}; mknod("pid0", S_IFREG | 0777, 0); mknod("pid1", S_IFREG | 0777, 0); mknod("pid2", S_IFREG | 0777, 0); mknod("pid3", S_IFREG | 0777, 0); // Tworzenie semaforow key_t klucz; klucz = ftok(".", 'a'); // na podstawie pliku i pojedynczego znaku id wyznacza klucz semafora if(klucz == -1) { perror("blad wyznaczania klucza semafora"); exit(1); } semafor = semget(klucz, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0777); // tworzy na podstawie klucza semafor. 1 - ilosc semaforow if(semafor == -1) { perror("blad przy tworzeniu semafora"); exit(1); } if(semctl(semafor, 0, SETVAL, 0) == -1) // ustawia poczatkowa wartosc semafora (klucz, numer w zbiorze od 0, polecenie, argument 0/1/2) { perror("blad przy ustawianiu wartosci poczatkowej semafora"); exit(1); } // Tworzenie lacza nazwanego FIFO if(access("/tmp/fifo", F_OK) == -1) // sprawdza czy plik istnieje, jesli nie - tworzy go { if(mkfifo("/tmp/fifo", 0777) != 0) { perror("blad tworzenia FIFO w main"); exit(1); } } // Tworzenie pamieci dzielonej // Lista pamieci wspoldzielonych, komenda "ipcs" // usuwanie pamieci wspoldzielonej, komenta "ipcrm -m ID_PAMIECI" shmid = shmget(key, (BUFSIZE*30), 0666 | IPC_CREAT); if(shmid == -1) { perror("shmget"); exit(1); } tab = (char *) shmat(shmid, NULL, 0); if(tab == (char *)(-1)) { perror("shmat"); exit(1); } memset(tab, 0, (BUFSIZE*30)); // Tworzenie lacza nienazwanego pipe if(pipe(file_des) == -1) { perror("pipe"); exit(1); } // Tworzenie procesow potomnych if(!(p0 = fork())) { des_pid[W] = open("pid0", O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT); // 1 - zapis, 0 - odczyt sprintf(bufor_proces, "Proces0 ma ID: %d\n", getpid()); if(write(des_pid[W], bufor_proces, sizeof(bufor_proces)) != sizeof(bufor_proces)) { perror("blad przy zapisie pid do pliku w p0"); exit(1); } close(des_pid[W]); proces0(); } else if(p0 == -1) { perror("blad przy p0 fork w main"); exit(1); } else { if(!(p1 = fork())) { des_pid[W] = open("pid1", O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT); // 1 - zapis, 0 - odczyt sprintf(bufor_proces, "Proces1 ma ID: %d\n", getpid()); if(write(des_pid[W], bufor_proces, sizeof(bufor_proces)) != sizeof(bufor_proces)) { perror("blad przy zapisie pid do pliku w p1"); exit(1); } close(des_pid[W]); proces1(); } else if(p1 == -1) { perror("blad przy p1 fork w main"); exit(1); } else { if(!(p2 = fork())) { des_pid[W] = open("pid2", O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT); // 1 - zapis, 0 - odczyt sprintf(bufor_proces, "Proces2 ma ID: %d\n", getpid()); if(write(des_pid[W], bufor_proces, sizeof(bufor_proces)) != sizeof(bufor_proces)) { perror("blad przy zapisie pid do pliku w p2"); exit(1); } close(des_pid[W]); proces2(); } else if(p2 == -1) { perror("blad przy p2 fork w main"); exit(1); } else { if(!(p3 = fork())) { des_pid[W] = open("pid3", O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT); // 1 - zapis, 0 - odczyt sprintf(bufor_proces, "Proces3 ma ID: %d\n", getpid()); if(write(des_pid[W], bufor_proces, sizeof(bufor_proces)) != sizeof(bufor_proces)) { perror("blad przy zapisie pid do pliku w p3"); exit(1); } close(des_pid[W]); proces3(); } else if(p3 == -1) { perror("blad przy p3 fork w main"); exit(1); } else { // proces macierzysty waitpid(p0, &status, 0); waitpid(p1, &status, 0); waitpid(p2, &status, 0); waitpid(p3, &status, 0); //wait(NULL); unlink("/tmp/fifo"); shmdt(tab); // odlaczenie pamieci dzielonej shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL); // usuwanie pamieci wspoldzielonej printf("\nKONIEC PROGRAMU\n"); } } } } exit(0); }

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  • Bash scripting - Iterating through "variable" variable names for a list of associative arrays

    - by user1550254
    I've got a variable list of associative arrays that I want to iterate through and retrieve their key/value pairs. I iterate through a single associative array by listing all its keys and getting the values, ie. for key in "${!queue1[@]}" do echo "key : $key" echo "value : ${queue1[$key]}" done The tricky part is that the names of the associative arrays are variable variables, e.g. given count = 5, the associative arrays would be named queue1, queue2, queue3, queue4, queue5. I'm trying to replace the sequence above based on a count, but so far every combination of parentheses and eval has not yielded much more then bad substitution errors. e.g below: for count in {1,2,3,4,5} do for key in "${!queue${count}[@]}" do echo "key : $key" echo "value : ${queue${count}[$key]}" done done Help would be very much appreciated!

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  • sigprocmask not working

    - by EpsilonVector
    I'm using sigprocmask as follows: void mask(){ sigset_t new_set,old_set; sigemptyset(&new_set); sigaddset(&new_set,SIGALRM); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &new_set, &old_set); } and to my surprise a function which prints a big list somehow gets interrupted by the signal, even though I invoke mask() at its beginning. It looks as if mask fails, since my function doesn't invoke any other functions and therefore nowhere in its run should an unmask() happen. What can cause sigprocmask to fail?

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  • [sed] Multiline trimming

    - by wwrob
    I have a html file that I want to trim. I want to remove a section from the beginning all the way to a given string, and from another string to the end. How do I do that, preferably using sed?

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  • Ubuntu option vanishes after setting up windows XP(?) [closed]

    - by Ravi
    I have installed both windows XP as well as Ubuntu 9.04 on my machine.I can choose between them using dual boot option at the startup.Up to this, it is fine. But unfortunately when my XP crashes, I need to install XP again.But when I do it,after installing XP successfully, dual boot option no longer appears at the startup. So the Ubuntu goes in vein. What is the problem here? How do I solve it?

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  • MP3 and OGG tags in PHP

    - by Quamis
    Except http://us3.php.net/manual/en/book.ktaglib.php and http://getid3.sourceforge.net/ does anyone know of any other way to work from PHP with tags on audio files? I need to read and write them, and KTagLib seems a little too much for the job, and also don't really get the documentation, and getID3 seems to only write ID3v1 tags.

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  • Question with "extern" in C

    - by why
    When programming, I would like to split one large file(which contains main function) to many small files, so there is one common case: functions in small files can modify the var from main file, so i think extern is very useful! for instance: in main.c extern int i = 100; in small.c extern int i; fprintf(stdout, "var from main file: %d\n", i); I just want to know is my understanding right?

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  • Bash PWD Shortening

    - by dlibby00
    I'm looking for a bash function that will shorten long path names to keep my PS1 variable from getting excessively long. Something along the lines of: /this/is/the/path/to/a/really/long/directory/i/would/like/shortened might end up as: /t../i../t../p../to/a/r../l../d../i/w../like/shortened something that the took the path and a maximum acceptable number of characters to shorten to would be perfect for my .bashrc file.

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  • gcc compilations (sometimes) result in cpu underload

    - by confusedCoder
    I have a larger C++ program which starts out by reading thousands of small text files into memory and storing data in stl containers. This takes about a minute. Periodically, a compilation will exhibit behavior where that initial part of the program will run at about 22-23% CPU load. Once that step is over, it goes back to ~100% CPU. It is more likely to happen with O2 flag turned on but not consistently. It happens even less often with the -p flag which makes it almost impossible to profile. I did capture it once but the gprof output wasn't helpful - everything runs with the same relative speed just at low cpu usage. I am quite certain that this has nothing to do with multiple cores. I do have a quad-core cpu, and most of the code is multi-threaded, but I tested this issue running a single thread. Also, when I run the problematic step in multiple threads, each thread only runs at ~20% CPU. I apologize ahead of time for the vagueness of the question but I have run out of ideas as to how to troubleshoot it further, so any hints might be helpful. UPDATE: Just to make sure it's clear, the problematic part of the code does sometimes (~30-40% of the compilations) run at 100% CPU, so it's hard to buy the (otherwise reasonable) argument that I/O is the bottleneck

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  • Small openmp programm freezes sometimes (gcc, c, linux)

    - by osgx
    Hello Just write a small omp test, and it does not work correctly all the times: #include <omp.h> int main() { int i,j=0; #pragma omp parallel for(i=0;i<1000;i++) { #pragma omp barrier j+= j^i; } return j; } The usage of j for writing from all threads is incorrect in this example, BUT there must be only nondeterministic value of j I have a freeze. Compiled with gcc-4.3.1 -fopenmp a.c -o gcc -static Run on 4-core x86_Core2 Linux server: $ ./gcc and got freeze (sometimes; like 1 freeze for 4-5 fast runs). Strace: [pid 13118] <... futex resumed> ) = 0 [pid 13118] futex(0x80d3014, FUTEX_WAIT, 2, NULL <unfinished ...> [pid 13120] <... futex resumed> ) = 0 [pid 13119] futex(0x80d3014, FUTEX_WAIT, 2, NULL <unfinished ...> [pid 13120] futex(0x80d3014, FUTEX_WAKE, 1) = 1 [pid 13120] futex(0x80cd798, FUTEX_WAIT, 1, NULL <unfinished ...> [pid 13109] <... futex resumed> ) = 0 [pid 13109] futex(0x80d3014, FUTEX_WAKE, 1) = 1 [pid 13109] futex(0x80d3020, FUTEX_WAIT, 251, NULL <unfinished ...> [pid 13118] <... futex resumed> ) = 0 [pid 13118] futex(0x80d3014, FUTEX_WAKE, 1) = 1 [pid 13119] <... futex resumed> ) = 0 [pid 13118] futex(0x80d3020, FUTEX_WAIT, 251, NULL <unfinished ...> [pid 13119] futex(0x80d3014, FUTEX_WAKE, 1) = 0 [pid 13119] futex(0x80d3020, FUTEX_WAIT, 251, NULL <freeze> Why do I have a freeze (deadlock)?

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  • Preventing FIN_WAIT2 when closing socket

    - by patrickvacek
    I have a server program that connects to another program via a given socket, and in certain cases I need to close the connection and almost immediately re-open it on the same socket. This by and large works, except that I have to wait exactly one minute for the socket to reset. In the meantime, netstat indicates that the server sees the socket in FIN_WAIT2 and the client sees it as CLOSE_WAIT. I'm already using SO_REUSEADDR, which I thought would prevent the wait, but that isn't doing the trick. Setting SO_LINGER to zero also does not help. What else can I do to resolve this? Here are the relevant code snippets: SetUpSocket() { // Set up the socket and listen for a connection from the exelerate client. // Open a TCP/IP socket. m_baseSock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP); if (m_baseSock < 0) { return XERROR; } // Set the socket options to reuse local addresses. int flag = 1; if (setsockopt(m_baseSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &flag, sizeof(flag)) == -1) { return XERROR; } // Set the socket options to prevent lingering after closing the socket. //~ linger li = {1,0}; //~ if (setsockopt(m_baseSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, &li, sizeof(li)) == -1) //~ { //~ return XERROR; //~ } // Bind the socket to the address of the current host and our given port. struct sockaddr_in addr; memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr)); addr.sin_family = AF_INET; addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; addr.sin_port = htons(m_port); if (bind(m_baseSock, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) != 0) { return XERROR; } // Tell the socket to listen for a connection from client. if (listen(m_baseSock, 4) != 0) { return XERROR; } return XSUCCESS; } ConnectSocket() { // Add the socket to a file descriptor set. fd_set readfds; FD_ZERO(&readfds); FD_SET(m_baseSock, &readfds); // Set timeout to ten seconds. Plenty of time. struct timeval timeout; timeout.tv_sec = 10; timeout.tv_usec = 0; // Check to see if the socket is ready for reading. int numReady = select(m_baseSock + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout); if (numReady > 0) { int flags = fcntl(m_baseSock, F_GETFL, 0); fcntl(m_baseSock, flags | O_NONBLOCK, 1); // Wait for a connection attempt from the client. Do not block - we shouldn't // need to since we just selected. m_connectedSock = accept(m_baseSock, NULL, NULL); if (m_connectedSock > 0) { m_failedSend = false; m_logout = false; // Spawn a thread to accept commands from client. CreateThread(&m_controlThread, ControlThread, (void *)&m_connectedSock); return XSUCCESS; } } return XERROR; } ControlThread(void *arg) { // Get the socket from the argument. socket sock = *((socket*)arg); while (true) { // Add the socket to a file descriptor set. fd_set readfds; FD_ZERO(&readfds); FD_SET(sock, &readfds); // Set timeout to ten seconds. Plenty of time. struct timeval timeout; timeout.tv_sec = 10; timeout.tv_usec = 0; // Check if there is any readable data on the socket. int num_ready = select(sock + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout); if (num_ready < 0) { return NULL; } // If there is data, read it. else if (num_ready > 0) { // Check the read buffer. xuint8 buf[128]; ssize_t size_read = recv(sock, buf, sizeof(buf)); if (size_read > 0) { // Get the message out of the buffer. char msg = *buf; if (msg == CONNECTED) { // Do some things... } // If we get the log-out message, log out. else if (msg == LOGOUT) { return NULL; } } } } // while return NULL; } ~Server() { // Close the sockets. if (m_baseSock != SOCKET_ERROR) { close(m_baseSock); m_baseSock = SOCKET_ERROR; } if (m_connectedSock != SOCKET_ERROR) { close(m_connectedSock); m_connectedSock = SOCKET_ERROR; } } SOCKET_ERROR is equal to -1. The server object gets destroyed, at which point the connection should close, and then recreated, at which point the SetUpSocket() and ConnectSocket() routines are called. So why do I have to wait a minute for the socket to clear? Any ideas would be appreaciated.

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  • The conventional location for storing my Java libraries and applications in UNIX based systems

    - by Bytecode Ninja
    I usually store the Java applications and JAR files that I download from the Web in the ~/Java folder on my computer (an OS X machine). I have been doing this since the days when I was a Windows user. However I think in UNIX based systems user local apps are conventionally stored in another directory. I have a feeling that this directory should either be /usr/local/, /usr/local/USERNAME, /opt/local, or /opt/local/USERNAME but I am not sure. Any ideas which directory can I use for this purpose? Please note that, I am talking about archive files that I download from the Web, unpack and use locally and not programs that have installation scripts or MacPorts, etc.

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  • Change workarea size of Linux desktop

    - by nonoitall
    I'm trying to write a taskbar/panel for Linux (like fbpanel or pypanel) using GTK# and am a little hung up. I've created a Gtk.Window to act as the panel and positioned/resized it appropriately. I've also set its WindowTypeHint to Dock so that it remains on top of other windows. So far it 'looks' like a panel. However, if the panel is running and I maximize another window, that window fills the whole desktop - meaning the bottom portion of the window is covered up by my panel. I've gathered that I probably need to change the desktop's workarea. How can I go about doing this in C#? (Preferably using GTK#, but I don't mind using interop if it's necessary.) As a bit of a side point, I'm curious if anyone knows how I would go about 'informing' the window manager about where applications' taskbar buttons are. (For example, if the window manager wants to animate the minimize action so that the window shrinks down to its button on the taskbar, how do I let the window manager know where that button is on the taskbar?)

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  • spin_lock_irqsave vs spin_lock_irq

    - by cojocar
    On a SMP machine we must use spin_lock_irqsave and not spin_lock_irq from interrupt context. Why would we want to save the flags (which contains the IF)? Is there another interrupt routine that could interrupt us? The flags are per CPU?

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  • JDBC programms running long time performance issue

    - by phyerbarte
    My program has an issue with Oracle query performance, I believe the SQL have good performance, because it returns quickly in SQLPlus. But when my program has been running for a long time, like 1 week, the SQL query (using JDBC) becomes slower (In my logs, the query time is much longer than when I originally started the program). When I restart my program, the query performance comes back to normal. I think it is could be something wrong with the way I use the preparedStatement, because the SQL I'm using does not use placeholders "?" at all. Just a complex select query. The query process is done by a util class. Here is the pertinent code building the query: public List<String[]> query(String sql, String[] args) { Connection conn = null; conn = openConnection(); conn.setAutocommit(true); .... PreparedStatement preStatm = null; ResultSet rs = null; ....//set preparedstatment arg code rs = preStatm.executeQuery(); .... finally{ //close rs //close prestatm //close connection } } In my case, the args is always null, so it just passes a query sql to this query method. Is that possible this way could slow down the DB query after program long time running? Or I should use statement instead, or just pass args with "?" in the SQL? How can I find out the root cause for my issue? Thanks.

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  • what is the relation between SIGTSTP and SIGCHLD

    - by Rawhi
    I have tow handlers for each one of them (SIGTSTP, SIGCHLD), the thing is that when I pause a process using SIGTSTP the handler function of SIGCHLD run too. what should I do to prevent this . void ExeExternal(char *args[MAX_ARG], char* cmdString, LIST_ELEMENT** pList, int *Susp_Bg_Pid, int *susp) { int pID, status, w; switch (pID = fork()) { case -1: perror("smash error: >"); break; case 0: // Child Process setpgrp(); execv(args[0], args); execvp(args[0], args); perror("error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); break; default: if (cmdString[strlen(cmdString) - 1] != '&') { *Susp_Bg_Pid = pID; *susp = 1; while(*susp); } else { InsertElem(pList, args[0], getpid(), pID, 0); } break; } } signal handlers : void signalHandler(int signal) { int pid, cstatus; if (signal == SIGCHLD) { susp = 0; pid = waitpid(-1, &cstatus, WNOHANG); printf("[[child %d terminated]]\n", pid); DelPID(&JobsList, pid); } } void ctrlZsignal(int signal){ kill(Susp_Bg_Pid, SIGTSTP); susp = 0; printf("\nchild %d suspended\n", Susp_Bg_Pid); } Susp_Bg_Pid used to save the paused process id. susp indicates the state of the "smash" the parent process if it is suspended or not .

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  • Regarding PID Shell Script

    - by arav
    I am calling another shell script testarg.sh within my main script. the logfiles of testarg.sh are stored in $CUSTLOGS in the below format testarg.DDMONYY.PID.log example: testarg.09Jun10.21165.log In the main script after the testarg process gets completed i need to grep the log file for the text "ERROR" and "COMPLETED SUCCESSFULLY". How do i get the PID of the process and combine with DDMONYY for grepping. Also i need to check whether file exists before grepping $CUSTBIN/testarg.sh $CUSTBIN/testarg.sh rc=$? if [ $rc -ne 0 ]; then return $CODE_WARN fi

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  • Is there an apt command to download a deb file from the repositories to the current directory?

    - by Lekensteyn
    I am often interested in the installation triggers (postinst, postrm) or certain parts of packages (like /usr/share and /etc). Currently, I am running the next command to retrieve the source code: apt-get source [package-name] The downside is, this file is often much bigger than the binary package and does not reflect the installation tree. Right now, I am downloading the packages through http://packages.ubuntu.com/: Search for [package-name] Select the package Click on amd64/i386 for download Download the actual file This takes too long for me and as someone who really likes the shell, I would like to do something like the next (imaginary) command: apt-get get-deb-file [package-name] I could not find something like this in the apt-get manual page. The most close I found was the --download-only switch, but this puts the package in /var/cache/apt/archives (which requires root permissions) and not in the current directory.

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  • Shell script to count files, then remove oldest files

    - by Nic Hubbard
    I am new to shell scripting, so I need some help here. I have a directory that fills up with backups. If I have more than 10 backup files, I would like to remove the oldest files, so that the 10 newest backup files are the only ones that are left. So far, I know how to count the files, which seems easy enough, but how do I then remove the oldest files, if the count is over 10? if [ls /backups | wc -l > 10] then echo "More than 10" fi

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  • I wrote a new X11 keyboard layout file, how do I get my system to recognize it?

    - by grimborg
    I like to configure my keys my way, so I wrote a keyboard symbols file and I put it in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/cat I use it by running setxkbmap cat -variant dvorak (and it works), but it doesn't show up in the console configuration (dpkg-reconfigure console-setup) nor in the Gnome keyboard settings... nor anywhere else, so I have to run setxkbmap every time. I suppose that I have to register it somewhere, but where? Any hints? Thanks!

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