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  • Disable .htaccess from apache allowoverride none, still reads .htaccess files

    - by John Magnolia
    I have moved all of our .htaccess config into <Directory> blocks and set AllowOverride None in the default and default-ssl. Although after restarting apache it is still reading the .htaccess files. How can I completely turn off reading these files? Update of all files with "AllowOverride" /etc/apache2/mods-available/userdir.conf <IfModule mod_userdir.c> UserDir public_html UserDir disabled root <Directory /home/*/public_html> AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Indexes Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec <Limit GET POST OPTIONS> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Limit> <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> Order deny,allow Deny from all </LimitExcept> </Directory> </IfModule> /etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf <IfModule alias_module> # # Aliases: Add here as many aliases as you need (with no limit). The format is # Alias fakename realname # # Note that if you include a trailing / on fakename then the server will # require it to be present in the URL. So "/icons" isn't aliased in this # example, only "/icons/". If the fakename is slash-terminated, then the # realname must also be slash terminated, and if the fakename omits the # trailing slash, the realname must also omit it. # # We include the /icons/ alias for FancyIndexed directory listings. If # you do not use FancyIndexing, you may comment this out. # Alias /icons/ "/usr/share/apache2/icons/" <Directory "/usr/share/apache2/icons"> Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </IfModule> /etc/apache2/httpd.conf # # Directives to allow use of AWStats as a CGI # Alias /awstatsclasses "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot/classes/" Alias /awstatscss "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot/css/" Alias /awstatsicons "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot/icon/" ScriptAlias /awstats/ "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot/cgi-bin/" # # This is to permit URL access to scripts/files in AWStats directory. # <Directory "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot"> Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /awstats-icon/ /usr/share/awstats/icon/ <Directory /usr/share/awstats/icon> Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl <IfModule mod_ssl.c> <VirtualHost _default_:443> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ssl_access.log combined # SSL Engine Switch: # Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host. SSLEngine on # A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing # the ssl-cert package. See # /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/README.Debian.gz for more info. # If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the # SSLCertificateFile directive is needed. SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key # Server Certificate Chain: # Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the # concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the # certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively # the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile # when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server # certificate for convinience. #SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt # Certificate Authority (CA): # Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA # certificates for client authentication or alternatively one # huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/ #SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt # Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL): # Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client # authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all # of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ #SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl # Client Authentication (Type): # Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are # none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a # number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate # issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid. #SSLVerifyClient require #SSLVerifyDepth 10 # Access Control: # With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based # on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server # variable checks and other lookup directives. The syntax is a # mixture between C and Perl. See the mod_ssl documentation # for more details. #<Location /> #SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \ # and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \ # and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20 ) \ # or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/ #</Location> # SSL Engine Options: # Set various options for the SSL engine. # o FakeBasicAuth: # Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that # the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The # user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate. # Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user # file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'. # o ExportCertData: # This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and # SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the # server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client # authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates # into CGI scripts. # o StdEnvVars: # This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables. # Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons, # because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually # useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the # exportation for CGI and SSI requests only. # o StrictRequire: # This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even # under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied # and no other module can change it. # o OptRenegotiate: # This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL # directives are used in per-directory context. #SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </FilesMatch> <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </Directory> # SSL Protocol Adjustments: # The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown # approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for # the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown # approach you can use one of the following variables: # o ssl-unclean-shutdown: # This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no # SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates # the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use # this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where # mod_ssl sends the close notify alert. # o ssl-accurate-shutdown: # This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a # SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify # alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in # practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use # this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation # works correctly. # Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP # keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable # keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this. # Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround # their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and # "force-response-1.0" for this. BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 # MSIE 7 and newer should be able to use keepalive BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown </VirtualHost> </IfModule> /etc/apache2/sites-available/default <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /delboy /usr/share/phpmyadmin <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin> # Restrict phpmyadmin access Order Deny,Allow Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> /etc/apache2/conf.d/security # # Disable access to the entire file system except for the directories that # are explicitly allowed later. # # This currently breaks the configurations that come with some web application # Debian packages. # #<Directory /> # AllowOverride None # Order Deny,Allow # Deny from all #</Directory> # Changing the following options will not really affect the security of the # server, but might make attacks slightly more difficult in some cases. # # ServerTokens # This directive configures what you return as the Server HTTP response # Header. The default is 'Full' which sends information about the OS-Type # and compiled in modules. # Set to one of: Full | OS | Minimal | Minor | Major | Prod # where Full conveys the most information, and Prod the least. # #ServerTokens Minimal ServerTokens OS #ServerTokens Full # # Optionally add a line containing the server version and virtual host # name to server-generated pages (internal error documents, FTP directory # listings, mod_status and mod_info output etc., but not CGI generated # documents or custom error documents). # Set to "EMail" to also include a mailto: link to the ServerAdmin. # Set to one of: On | Off | EMail # #ServerSignature Off ServerSignature On # # Allow TRACE method # # Set to "extended" to also reflect the request body (only for testing and # diagnostic purposes). # # Set to one of: On | Off | extended # TraceEnable Off #TraceEnable On /etc/apache2/apache2.conf # # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about # the directives. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections: # 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a # whole (the 'global environment'). # 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server, # which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host. # These directives also provide default values for the settings # of all virtual hosts. # 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to # different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the # same Apache server process. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "foo.log" # with ServerRoot set to "/etc/apache2" will be interpreted by the # server as "/etc/apache2/foo.log". # ### Section 1: Global Environment # # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it # can find its configuration files. # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # #ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" # # The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # LockFile ${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/accept.lock # # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. # This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars # PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 4 ## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## # prefork MPM # StartServers: number of server processes to start # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 500 </IfModule> # worker MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadLimit: ThreadsPerChild can be changed to this maximum value during a # graceful restart. ThreadLimit can only be changed by stopping # and starting Apache. # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # event MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_event_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn # Include module configuration: Include mods-enabled/*.load Include mods-enabled/*.conf # Include all the user configurations: Include httpd.conf # Include ports listing Include ports.conf # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # If you are behind a reverse proxy, you might want to change %h into %{X-Forwarded-For}i # LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see README.Debian for details. # Include generic snippets of statements Include conf.d/ # Include the virtual host configurations: Include sites-enabled/

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  • Ubuntu and Windows 8 shared partition gets corrupted

    - by Bruno-P
    I have a dual boot (Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 8) system. Both systems have access to an NTFS "DATA" partition which contains all my images, documents, music and some application data like Chrome and Thunderbird Profiles which used by both OS. Everything was working fine in my Dual boot Ubuntu/Windows 7, but after updating to Windows 8 I am having a lot of troubles. First, sometimes, I add some files from Ubuntu into my DATA partition but they don't show up in Windows. Sometimes, I can't even use the DATA partition from Windows. When I try to save a file it gives an error "The directory or file is corrupted or unreadable". I need to run checkdisk to fix it but after some time, same error appears. Before upgrading to Windows 8 I also installed a new hard drive and copied the old data using clonezilla (full disk clone). Here is the log of my last chkdisk: Chkdsk was executed in read/write mode. Checking file system on D: Volume dismounted. All opened handles to this volume are now invalid. Volume label is DATA. CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 3)... Deleted corrupt attribute list entry with type code 128 in file 67963. Unable to find child frs 0x12a3f with sequence number 0x15. The attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x1097b has allocated length of 0x560000 instead of 0x427000. Deleted corrupt attribute list entry with type code 128 in file 67963. Unable to locate attribute with instance tag 0x2 and segment reference 0x1e00000001097b. The expected attribute type is 0x80. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 67963. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x3 is cross linked starting at 0x2431b2 for possibly 0x20 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x3 in file 0x1791e is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 96542. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x4 is cross linked starting at 0x6bc7 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x4 in file 0x17e83 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 97923. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x4 is cross linked starting at 0x1f7cec for possibly 0x5 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x4 in file 0x17eaf is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 97967. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x441bd7f for possibly 0x9 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x32085 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 204933. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4457850 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x320be is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 204990. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4859249 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3726b is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 225899. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x485d309 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3726c is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 225900. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x48a47de for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37286 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 225926. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x48ac80b for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37287 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 225927. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x48ae7ef for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37288 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 225928. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x48af7f8 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3728a is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 225930. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x48c39b6 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37292 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 225938. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x495d37a for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x372d7 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226007. Attribute record of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 is cross linked starting at 0x4d0bd38 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 in file 0x372dc is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (160, $I30) from file record segment 226012. Attribute record of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 is cross linked starting at 0x4c2d9bc for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 in file 0x372ed is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (160, $I30) from file record segment 226029. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4a4c1c3 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37354 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226132. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4a8e639 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37376 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226166. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4a8f6eb for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37379 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226169. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4ae1aa8 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37391 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226193. Attribute record of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 is cross linked starting at 0x4b00d45 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 in file 0x37396 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (160, $I30) from file record segment 226198. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4b02d50 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3739c is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226204. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4b3407a for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x373a8 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226216. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4bd8a1b for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x373db is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226267. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4bd9a28 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x373dd is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226269. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4c2fb24 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x373f3 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226291. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cb67e9 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37424 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226340. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cba829 for possibly 0x2 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37425 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226341. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cbe868 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37427 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226343. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cbf878 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37428 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226344. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cc58d8 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3742a is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226346. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4ccc943 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3742b is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226347. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cd199b for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3742d is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226349. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cd29a8 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3742f is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226351. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cd39b8 for possibly 0x2 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37430 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226352. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cd49c8 for possibly 0x2 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37432 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226354. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cd9a16 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37435 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226357. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cdca46 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37436 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226358. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4ce0a78 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37437 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226359. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4ce6ad9 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3743a is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226362. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cebb28 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3743b is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226363. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4ceeb67 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3743d is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226365. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cf4bc6 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x3743e is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226366. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cfbc3a for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37440 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226368. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4cfcc48 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37442 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226370. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4d02ca9 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37443 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226371. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4d06ce8 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37444 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226372. Attribute record of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 is cross linked starting at 0x4d9a608 for possibly 0x2 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 in file 0x37449 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (160, $I30) from file record segment 226377. Attribute record of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 is cross linked starting at 0x4d844ab for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 in file 0x3744b is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (160, $I30) from file record segment 226379. Attribute record of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 is cross linked starting at 0x4d6c32b for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 in file 0x3744c is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (160, $I30) from file record segment 226380. Attribute record of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 is cross linked starting at 0x4d2af25 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0xa0 and instance tag 0x5 in file 0x3744e is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (160, $I30) from file record segment 226382. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4d0fd78 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 in file 0x37451 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 226385. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x2 is cross linked starting at 0x4d16ef8 for possibly 0x1 clusters. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x8 Can anyone help? Thank you

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  • .htaccess not working (mod_rewrite)

    - by Mike Curry
    Edit: I am pretty sure my .htaccess file is NOT being executed, and the problem is NOT with my rewrite rules. I have not having any luck getting my .htaccess with mod_rewrite working. Basically all I am trying to do is remove 'www' from "http://www.site.com" and "https://www.site.com". If there is anything I am missing (conf files, etc let me know I willl update this) I jsut can't see whats wrong here... I am using a 1&1 VPS III Virtual private server... anyone ever have this issue? I am using Ubuntu 8.04 Server LTS. Here is my .htaccess file (located @ /var/www/site/trunk/html/) Options +FollowSymLinks RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.*) [NC] RewriteRule (.*) //%1/$1 [L,R=301] My mod_rewrite is enabled: The auto regenerated sym link is there in mods-available and /usr/lib/apache2/modules/ contains mod_rewrite.so root@s15348441:/etc/apache2/mods-available# more rewrite.load LoadModule rewrite_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_rewrite.so root@s15348441:/var/log# apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_MODULES Loaded Modules: core_module (static) log_config_module (static) logio_module (static) mpm_prefork_module (static) http_module (static) so_module (static) alias_module (shared) auth_basic_module (shared) authn_file_module (shared) authz_default_module (shared) authz_groupfile_module (shared) authz_host_module (shared) authz_user_module (shared) autoindex_module (shared) cgi_module (shared) dir_module (shared) env_module (shared) mime_module (shared) negotiation_module (shared) php5_module (shared) rewrite_module (shared) setenvif_module (shared) ssl_module (shared) status_module (shared) Syntax OK My apache config files: apache2.conf # # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about # the directives. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections: # 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a # whole (the 'global environment'). # 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server, # which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host. # These directives also provide default values for the settings # of all virtual hosts. # 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to # different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the # same Apache server process. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "/var/log/apache2/foo.log" # with ServerRoot set to "" will be interpreted by the # server as "//var/log/apache2/foo.log". # ### Section 1: Global Environment # # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it # can find its configuration files. # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.1/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" # # The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # #<IfModule !mpm_winnt.c> #<IfModule !mpm_netware.c> LockFile /var/lock/apache2/accept.lock #</IfModule> #</IfModule> # # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. # This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars # PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 15 ## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## # prefork MPM # StartServers: number of server processes to start # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # worker MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all </Files> # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn # Include module configuration: Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.load Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.conf # Include all the user configurations: Include /etc/apache2/httpd.conf # Include ports listing Include /etc/apache2/ports.conf # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # If you are behind a reverse proxy, you might want to change %h into %{X-Forwarded-For}i # LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # # ServerTokens # This directive configures what you return as the Server HTTP response # Header. The default is 'Full' which sends information about the OS-Type # and compiled in modules. # Set to one of: Full | OS | Minor | Minimal | Major | Prod # where Full conveys the most information, and Prod the least. # ServerTokens Full # # Optionally add a line containing the server version and virtual host # name to server-generated pages (internal error documents, FTP directory # listings, mod_status and mod_info output etc., but not CGI generated # documents or custom error documents). # Set to "EMail" to also include a mailto: link to the ServerAdmin. # Set to one of: On | Off | EMail # ServerSignature On # # Customizable error responses come in three flavors: # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects # # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html # # # Putting this all together, we can internationalize error responses. # # We use Alias to redirect any /error/HTTP_<error>.html.var response to # our collection of by-error message multi-language collections. We use # includes to substitute the appropriate text. # # You can modify the messages' appearance without changing any of the # default HTTP_<error>.html.var files by adding the line: # # Alias /error/include/ "/your/include/path/" # # which allows you to create your own set of files by starting with the # /usr/share/apache2/error/include/ files and copying them to /your/include/path/, # even on a per-VirtualHost basis. The default include files will display # your Apache version number and your ServerAdmin email address regardless # of the setting of ServerSignature. # # The internationalized error documents require mod_alias, mod_include # and mod_negotiation. To activate them, uncomment the following 30 lines. # Alias /error/ "/usr/share/apache2/error/" # # <Directory "/usr/share/apache2/error"> # AllowOverride None # Options IncludesNoExec # AddOutputFilter Includes html # AddHandler type-map var # Order allow,deny # Allow from all # LanguagePriority en cs de es fr it nl sv pt-br ro # ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback # </Directory> # # ErrorDocument 400 /error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var # ErrorDocument 401 /error/HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED.html.var # ErrorDocument 403 /error/HTTP_FORBIDDEN.html.var # ErrorDocument 404 /error/HTTP_NOT_FOUND.html.var # ErrorDocument 405 /error/HTTP_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED.html.var # ErrorDocument 408 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_TIME_OUT.html.var # ErrorDocument 410 /error/HTTP_GONE.html.var # ErrorDocument 411 /error/HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED.html.var # ErrorDocument 412 /error/HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED.html.var # ErrorDocument 413 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE.html.var # ErrorDocument 414 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE.html.var # ErrorDocument 415 /error/HTTP_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE.html.var # ErrorDocument 500 /error/HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.html.var # ErrorDocument 501 /error/HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED.html.var # ErrorDocument 502 /error/HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY.html.var # ErrorDocument 503 /error/HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE.html.var # ErrorDocument 506 /error/HTTP_VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES.html.var # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see README.Debian for details. # Include generic snippets of statements Include /etc/apache2/conf.d/ # Include the virtual host configurations: Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ My default config file for www on apache NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] #SSLEnable #SSLVerifyClient none #SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/ssl/crt/public.crt #SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/ssl/private/private.key DocumentRoot /var/www/site/trunk/html <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride all </Directory> <Directory /var/www/site/trunk/html> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride all Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined ServerSignature On Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> My ssl config file NameVirtualHost *:443 <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] #SSLEnable #SSLVerifyClient none #SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/ssl/crt/public.crt #SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/ssl/private/private.key DocumentRoot /var/www/site/trunk/html <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride all </Directory> <Directory /var/www/site/trunk/html> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride all Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/ssl/crt/public.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/ssl/private/private.key CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined ServerSignature On Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> My /etc/apache2/httpd.conf is blank The directory /etc/apache2/conf.d has nothing in it but one file (charset) contents of /etc/apache2/conf.dcharset # Read the documentation before enabling AddDefaultCharset. # In general, it is only a good idea if you know that all your files # have this encoding. It will override any encoding given in the files # in meta http-equiv or xml encoding tags. #AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 My apache error.log [Wed Jun 03 00:12:31 2009] [error] [client 216.168.43.234] client sent HTTP/1.1 request without hostname (see RFC2616 section 14.23): /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) [Wed Jun 03 05:03:51 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 05:03:54 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 05:13:48 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 05:13:51 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 05:13:54 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 05:13:57 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 05:17:28 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 05:26:23 2009] [notice] caught SIGWINCH, shutting down gracefully [Wed Jun 03 05:26:34 2009] [notice] Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.6 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.8 OpenSSL/0.9.8g configured -- resuming normal operations [Wed Jun 03 06:03:41 2009] [notice] caught SIGWINCH, shutting down gracefully [Wed Jun 03 06:03:51 2009] [notice] Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.6 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.8 OpenSSL/0.9.8g configured -- resuming normal operations [Wed Jun 03 06:25:07 2009] [notice] caught SIGWINCH, shutting down gracefully [Wed Jun 03 06:25:17 2009] [notice] Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.6 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.8 OpenSSL/0.9.8g configured -- resuming normal operations [Wed Jun 03 12:09:25 2009] [error] [client 61.139.105.163] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/fastenv [Wed Jun 03 15:04:42 2009] [notice] Graceful restart requested, doing restart [Wed Jun 03 15:04:43 2009] [notice] Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.6 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.8 OpenSSL/0.9.8g configured -- resuming normal operations [Wed Jun 03 15:29:51 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 15:29:54 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 15:30:32 2009] [error] [client 99.247.237.46] File does not exist: /var/www/site/trunk/html/favicon.ico [Wed Jun 03 15:45:54 2009] [notice] caught SIGWINCH, shutting down gracefully [Wed Jun 03 15:46:05 2009] [notice] Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.6 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.8 OpenSSL/0.9.8g configured -- resuming normal operations

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  • Replacing instructions in a method's MethodBody

    - by Alix
    Hi, (First of all, this is a very lengthy post, but don't worry: I've already implemented all of it, I'm just asking your opinion.) I'm having trouble implementing the following; I'd appreciate some help: I get a Type as parameter. I define a subclass using reflection. Notice that I don't intend to modify the original type, but create a new one. I create a property per field of the original class, like so: public class OriginalClass { private int x; } public class Subclass : OriginalClass { private int x; public int X { get { return x; } set { x = value; } } } For every method of the superclass, I create an analogous method in the subclass. The method's body must be the same except that I replace the instructions ldfld x with callvirt this.get_X, that is, instead of reading from the field directly I call the get accessor. I'm having trouble with step 4. I know you're not supposed to manipulate code like this, but I really need to. Here's what I've tried: Attempt #1: Use Mono.Cecil. This would allow me to parse the body of the method into human-readable Instructions, and easily replace instructions. However, the original type isn't in a .dll file, so I can't find a way to load it with Mono.Cecil. Writing the type to a .dll, then load it, then modify it and write the new type to disk (which I think is the way you create a type with Mono.Cecil), and then load it seems like a huge overhead. Attempt #2: Use Mono.Reflection. This would also allow me to parse the body into Instructions, but then I have no support for replacing instructions. I've implemented a very ugly and inefficient solution using Mono.Reflection, but it doesn't yet support methods that contain try-catch statements (although I guess I can implement this) and I'm concerned that there may be other scenarios in which it won't work, since I'm using the ILGenerator in a somewhat unusual way. Also, it's very ugly ;). Here's what I've done: private void TransformMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo) { // Create a method with the same signature. ParameterInfo[] paramList = methodInfo.GetParameters(); Type[] args = new Type[paramList.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { args[i] = paramList[i].ParameterType; } MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, methodInfo.Attributes, methodInfo.ReturnType, args); ILGenerator ilGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); // Declare the same local variables as in the original method. IList<LocalVariableInfo> locals = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().LocalVariables; foreach (LocalVariableInfo local in locals) { ilGen.DeclareLocal(local.LocalType); } // Get readable instructions. IList<Instruction> instructions = methodInfo.GetInstructions(); // I first need to define labels for every instruction in case I // later find a jump to that instruction. Once the instruction has // been emitted I cannot label it, so I'll need to do it in advance. // Since I'm doing a first pass on the method's body anyway, I could // instead just create labels where they are truly needed, but for // now I'm using this quick fix. Dictionary<int, Label> labels = new Dictionary<int, Label>(); foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { labels[instr.Offset] = ilGen.DefineLabel(); } foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { // Mark this instruction with a label, in case there's a branch // instruction that jumps here. ilGen.MarkLabel(labels[instr.Offset]); // If this is the instruction that I want to replace (ldfld x)... if (instr.OpCode == OpCodes.Ldfld) { // ...get the get accessor for the accessed field (get_X()) // (I have the accessors in a dictionary; this isn't relevant), MethodInfo safeReadAccessor = dataMembersSafeAccessors[((FieldInfo) instr.Operand).Name][0]; // ...instead of emitting the original instruction (ldfld x), // emit a call to the get accessor, ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, safeReadAccessor); // Else (it's any other instruction), reemit the instruction, unaltered. } else { Reemit(instr, ilGen, labels); } } } And here comes the horrible, horrible Reemit method: private void Reemit(Instruction instr, ILGenerator ilGen, Dictionary<int, Label> labels) { // If the instruction doesn't have an operand, emit the opcode and return. if (instr.Operand == null) { ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode); return; } // Else (it has an operand)... // If it's a branch instruction, retrieve the corresponding label (to // which we want to jump), emit the instruction and return. if (instr.OpCode.FlowControl == FlowControl.Branch) { ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, labels[Int32.Parse(instr.Operand.ToString())]); return; } // Otherwise, simply emit the instruction. I need to use the right // Emit call, so I need to cast the operand to its type. Type operandType = instr.Operand.GetType(); if (typeof(byte).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (byte) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(double).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (double) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(float).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (float) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(int).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (int) instr.Operand); ... // you get the idea. This is a pretty long method, all like this. } Branch instructions are a special case because instr.Operand is SByte, but Emit expects an operand of type Label. Hence the need for the Dictionary labels. As you can see, this is pretty horrible. What's more, it doesn't work in all cases, for instance with methods that contain try-catch statements, since I haven't emitted them using methods BeginExceptionBlock, BeginCatchBlock, etc, of ILGenerator. This is getting complicated. I guess I can do it: MethodBody has a list of ExceptionHandlingClause that should contain the necessary information to do this. But I don't like this solution anyway, so I'll save this as a last-resort solution. Attempt #3: Go bare-back and just copy the byte array returned by MethodBody.GetILAsByteArray(), since I only want to replace a single instruction for another single instruction of the same size that produces the exact same result: it loads the same type of object on the stack, etc. So there won't be any labels shifting and everything should work exactly the same. I've done this, replacing specific bytes of the array and then calling MethodBuilder.CreateMethodBody(byte[], int), but I still get the same error with exceptions, and I still need to declare the local variables or I'll get an error... even when I simply copy the method's body and don't change anything. So this is more efficient but I still have to take care of the exceptions, etc. Sigh. Here's the implementation of attempt #3, in case anyone is interested: private void TransformMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo, Dictionary<string, MethodInfo[]> dataMembersSafeAccessors, ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder) { ParameterInfo[] paramList = methodInfo.GetParameters(); Type[] args = new Type[paramList.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { args[i] = paramList[i].ParameterType; } MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, methodInfo.Attributes, methodInfo.ReturnType, args); ILGenerator ilGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); IList<LocalVariableInfo> locals = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().LocalVariables; foreach (LocalVariableInfo local in locals) { ilGen.DeclareLocal(local.LocalType); } byte[] rawInstructions = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().GetILAsByteArray(); IList<Instruction> instructions = methodInfo.GetInstructions(); int k = 0; foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { if (instr.OpCode == OpCodes.Ldfld) { MethodInfo safeReadAccessor = dataMembersSafeAccessors[((FieldInfo) instr.Operand).Name][0]; // Copy the opcode: Callvirt. byte[] bytes = toByteArray(OpCodes.Callvirt.Value); for (int m = 0; m < OpCodes.Callvirt.Size; m++) { rawInstructions[k++] = bytes[put.Length - 1 - m]; } // Copy the operand: the accessor's metadata token. bytes = toByteArray(moduleBuilder.GetMethodToken(safeReadAccessor).Token); for (int m = instr.Size - OpCodes.Ldfld.Size - 1; m >= 0; m--) { rawInstructions[k++] = bytes[m]; } // Skip this instruction (do not replace it). } else { k += instr.Size; } } methodBuilder.CreateMethodBody(rawInstructions, rawInstructions.Length); } private static byte[] toByteArray(int intValue) { byte[] intBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(intValue); if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian) Array.Reverse(intBytes); return intBytes; } private static byte[] toByteArray(short shortValue) { byte[] intBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(shortValue); if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian) Array.Reverse(intBytes); return intBytes; } (I know it isn't pretty. Sorry. I put it quickly together to see if it would work.) I don't have much hope, but can anyone suggest anything better than this? Sorry about the extremely lengthy post, and thanks.

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  • eventmachine on debian fails install via rubygems

    - by Max
    this has been killing me for the last 5 hours. I don't seem to be able to get eventmachine running on my debian box. here this output: $ gem install thin Building native extensions. This could take a while... ERROR: Error installing thin: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/bin/ruby extconf.rb checking for rb_trap_immediate in ruby.h,rubysig.h... no checking for rb_thread_blocking_region()... yes checking for inotify_init() in sys/inotify.h... yes checking for writev() in sys/uio.h... yes checking for rb_wait_for_single_fd()... yes checking for rb_enable_interrupt()... yes checking for rb_time_new()... yes checking for sys/event.h... no checking for epoll_create() in sys/epoll.h... yes creating Makefile make compiling kb.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from kb.cpp:20: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from kb.cpp:20: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from kb.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from kb.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type compiling rubymain.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from rubymain.cpp:20: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from rubymain.cpp:20: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from rubymain.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from rubymain.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type compiling ssl.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from ssl.cpp:23: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from ssl.cpp:23: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from ssl.cpp:23: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from ssl.cpp:23: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type compiling cmain.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from cmain.cpp:20: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from cmain.cpp:20: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from cmain.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from cmain.cpp:20: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:96: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:107: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:117: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:127: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:269: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:279: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:289: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:299: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:309: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:329: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type cmain.cpp:678: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type compiling em.cpp cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wdeclaration-after-statement" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ cc1plus: warning: command line option "-Wimplicit-function-declaration" is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ In file included from project.h:149, from em.cpp:23: binder.h:35: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:150, from em.cpp:23: em.h:84: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:85: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:86: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:88: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:89: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:90: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:91: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:93: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:99: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:116: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.h:125: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from em.cpp:23: eventmachine.h:46: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:47: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:48: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:50: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:65: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:66: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:67: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:68: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type In file included from project.h:154, from em.cpp:23: eventmachine.h:103: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:105: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type eventmachine.h:108: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp: In member function 'bool EventMachine_t::_RunEpollOnce()': em.cpp:578: warning: 'int rb_thread_select(int, fd_set*, fd_set*, fd_set*, timeval*)' is deprecated (declared at /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) em.cpp:578: warning: 'int rb_thread_select(int, fd_set*, fd_set*, fd_set*, timeval*)' is deprecated (declared at /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) em.cpp: In member function 'bool EventMachine_t::_RunSelectOnce()': em.cpp:974: warning: 'int rb_thread_select(int, fd_set*, fd_set*, fd_set*, timeval*)' is deprecated (declared at /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) em.cpp:974: warning: 'int rb_thread_select(int, fd_set*, fd_set*, fd_set*, timeval*)' is deprecated (declared at /home/eventhub/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p125/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:379) em.cpp: At global scope: em.cpp:1057: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1079: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1265: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1338: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1510: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1593: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1856: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:1982: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:2046: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:2070: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:2142: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type em.cpp:2361: fatal error: error writing to /tmp/ccdlOK0T.s: No space left on device compilation terminated. make: *** [em.o] Error 1 Gem files will remain installed in /home/eventhub/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p125/gems/eventmachine-1.0.1 for inspection. Results logged to /home/eventhub/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p125/gems/eventmachine-1.0.1/ext/gem_make.out Any thoughts? I read a lot of different ways to solve this issue, but none of them worked. Thanks

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  • Cache Simulator in C

    - by DuffDuff
    Ok this is only my second question, and it's quite a doozy. It's for a school assignment, but no one (including the TAs) seems to be able to help me. It's kind of a tall order but I'm not sure where else to turn. Essentially the assignment was to make a cache simulator. This version is direct mapping and is actually only a small portion of the whole project, but if I can't even get this down I have no chance with other associativities. I'm posting my whole code because I don't want to make any assumptions about where the problem is. This is the test case: http://www.mediafire.com/?ty5dnihydnw And you run the following command: ./sims 512 direct 32 fifo wt pinatrace.out You're supposed to get: hits: 604037 misses 138349 writes: 239269 reads: 138349 But I get: Hits: 587148 Misses: 155222 Writes: 239261 Reads: 155222 If anyone could at least point me in the right direction it would be greatly appreciated. I've been stuck on this for about 12 hours. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <math.h> struct myCache { int valid; char *tag; char *block; }; /* sim [-h] <cache size> <associativity> <block size> <replace alg> <write policy> <trace file> */ //God willing I come up with a better Hex to Bin convertion that maintains the beginning 0s... void hex2bin(char input[], char output[]) { int i; int a = 0; int b = 1; int c = 2; int d = 3; int x = 4; int size; size = strlen(input); for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { if (input[i] =='0') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='1') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='2') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='3') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='x') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='5') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='6') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='7') { output[i*x +a] = '0'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='8') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='9') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='a') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='b') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '0'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='c') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='d') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '0'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } else if (input[i] =='e') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '0'; } else if (input[i] =='f') { output[i*x +a] = '1'; output[i*x +b] = '1'; output[i*x +c] = '1'; output[i*x +d] = '1'; } } output[32] = '\0'; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { FILE *tracefile; char readwrite; int trash; int cachesize; int blocksize; int setnumber; int blockbytes; int setbits; int blockbits; int tagsize; int m; int count = 0; int count2 = 0; int count3 = 0; int i; int j; int xindex; int jindex; int kindex; int lindex; int setadd; int totalset; int writeMiss = 0; int writeHit = 0; int cacheMiss = 0; int cacheHit = 0; int read = 0; int write = 0; int size; int extra; char bbits[100]; char sbits[100]; char tbits[100]; char output[100]; char input[100]; char origtag[100]; if (argc != 7) { if (strcmp(argv[0], "-h")) { printf("./sim2 <cache size> <associativity> <block size> <replace alg> <write policy> <trace file>\n"); return 0; } else { fprintf(stderr, "Error: wrong number of parameters.\n"); return -1; } } tracefile = fopen(argv[6], "r"); if(tracefile == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: File is NULL.\n"); return -1; } //Determining size of sbits, bbits, and tag cachesize = atoi(argv[1]); blocksize = atoi(argv[3]); setnumber = (cachesize/blocksize); printf("setnumber: %d\n", setnumber); setbits = (round((log(setnumber))/(log(2)))); printf("sbits: %d\n", setbits); blockbits = log(blocksize)/log(2); printf("bbits: %d\n", blockbits); tagsize = 32 - (blockbits + setbits); printf("t: %d\n", tagsize); struct myCache newCache[setnumber]; //Allocating Space for Tag Bits, initiating tag and valid to 0s for(i=0;i<setnumber;i++) { newCache[i].tag = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*(tagsize+1)); for(j=0;j<tagsize;j++) { newCache[i].tag[j] = '0'; } newCache[i].valid = 0; } while(fgetc(tracefile)!='#') { setadd = 0; totalset = 0; //read in file fseek(tracefile,-1,SEEK_CUR); fscanf(tracefile, "%x: %c %s\n", &trash, &readwrite, origtag); //shift input Hex size = strlen(origtag); extra = (10 - size); for(i=0; i<extra; i++) input[i] = '0'; for(i=extra, j=0; i<(size-(2-extra)); j++, i++) input[i]=origtag[j+2]; input[8] = '\0'; // Convert Hex to Binary hex2bin(input, output); //Resolving the Address into tbits, sbits, bbits for (xindex=0, jindex=(32-blockbits); jindex<32; jindex++, xindex++) { bbits[xindex] = output[jindex]; } bbits[xindex]='\0'; for (xindex=0, kindex=(32-(blockbits+setbits)); kindex<32-(blockbits); kindex++, xindex++){ sbits[xindex] = output[kindex]; } sbits[xindex]='\0'; for (xindex=0, lindex=0; lindex<(32-(blockbits+setbits)); lindex++, xindex++){ tbits[xindex] = output[lindex]; } tbits[xindex]='\0'; //Convert set bits from char array into ints for(xindex = 0, kindex = (setbits -1); xindex < setbits; xindex ++, kindex--) { if (sbits[xindex] == '1') setadd = 1; if (sbits[xindex] == '0') setadd = 0; setadd = setadd * pow(2, kindex); totalset += setadd; } //Calculating Hits and Misses if (newCache[totalset].valid == 0) { newCache[totalset].valid = 1; strcpy(newCache[totalset].tag, tbits); } else if (newCache[totalset].valid == 1) { if(strcmp(newCache[totalset].tag, tbits) == 0) { if (readwrite == 'W') { cacheHit++; write++; } if (readwrite == 'R') cacheHit++; } else { if (readwrite == 'R') { cacheMiss++; read++; } if (readwrite == 'W') { cacheMiss++; read++; write++; } strcpy(newCache[totalset].tag, tbits); } } } printf("Hits: %d\n", cacheHit); printf("Misses: %d\n", cacheMiss); printf("Writes: %d\n", write); printf("Reads: %d\n", read); }

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  • Is it possible to run an ng-switch directly on a select > option

    - by Asok
    Has anyone been able to run an ng-switch on a <select> -> <option> tag, like so?: <select ng-model="form.permitLocality" ng-switch on="localityTypeRadio"> <option ng-switch-when="County" ng-repeat="county in countyList"> {{ county.name }} </option> <option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList"> {{ city.name }} </option> <option ng-switch-when="Town" ng-repeat="town in townList"> {{ town.name }} </option> </select> I am not getting any errors or any options (all values verified), I just thought it would save me a couple lines and thought I'd try it. Here is my selector, in case you're curious (value verified): <label class="radio inline"> <input type="radio" name="localityTypeRadio" ng-model="localityTypeRadio" value="County"> County </label> <label class="radio inline"> <input type="radio" name="localityTypeRadio" ng-model="localityTypeRadio" value="City"> City </label> <label class="radio inline"> <input type="radio" name="localityTypeRadio" ng-model="localityTypeRadio" value="Town"> Town </label> This is not a big deal, just didn't know if this was a limitation / not recommended with an ng-switch EDIT I was mistaken when I initially said that nothing was happening (browser caching), there appears to be the correct number of options but the source code shows nothing but white space: <select ng-model="form.permitLocality" class="input-block-level ng-pristine ng-valid" ng-switch="" on="localityTypeRadio" ng-hide="form.permitLocality.length"><option value="? string: ?"></option> <!-- ngRepeat: county in countyList --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: County --> <!-- ngRepeat: city in cityList --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option><!-- ngSwitchWhen: City --><option ng-switch-when="City" ng-repeat="city in cityList" class="ng-scope ng-binding" value=" "> </option> <!-- ngRepeat: town in townList --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --><!-- ngSwitchWhen: Town --> </select>

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  • Obj-msg-send error in numberOfSectionsInTableView

    - by mukeshpawar
    import "AddBillerCategoryViewController.h" import "Globals.h" import "AddBillerViewController.h" import "AddBillerListViewController.h" import"KlinnkAppDelegate.h" @implementation AddBillerCategoryViewController @synthesize REASON, RESPVAR, currentAttribute,tbldata,strOptions; // This recipe adds a title for each section //Initialize the table view controller with the grouped style (AddBillerCategoryViewController *) init { if (self = [super initWithStyle:UITableViewStyleGrouped]);// self.title = @"Crayon Colors"; return self; } -(void)showBack { [[self navigationController] pushViewController:[[AddBillerViewController alloc] init] animated:YES]; } (void)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController willShowViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController animated:(BOOL)animated { if ([viewController isKindOfClass:[AddBillerCategoryViewController class]]) { AddBillerCategoryViewController *controller = (AddBillerCategoryViewController *)viewController; [controller.tbldata reloadData]; } } (void)viewDidLoad { appDelegate = (KlinnkAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; appDelegate.catListArray.count; // Uncomment the following line to display an Edit button in the navigation bar for this view controller. // self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = self.editButtonItem; //self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[[UIBarButtonItem alloc] // initWithTitle:@"Back" // style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain // target:self // action:@selector(showBack)] autorelease]; if(gotOK == 0) { //self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem.enabled = FALSE; dt = [[DateTime alloc] init]; strChannelID = @"IGLOO|MOBILE"; strDateTime = [dt findDateTime]; strTemp = [dt findSessionTime]; strSessionID = [appDelegate.KMobile stringByAppendingString:strTemp]; strResponseURL = @"http://115.113.110.139/Test/CbbpServerRequestHandler"; strResponseVar = @"serverResponseXML"; strRequestType = @"GETCATEGORY"; NSLog(@"Current Session id - %@", strSessionID); //conn = [[NSURLConnection alloc] init]; receivedData = [[NSMutableData data] retain]; //.................... currentAttribute = [[NSMutableString alloc] init]; // create XMl xmlData = [[NSData alloc] init]; xmlData = [self createXML]; // XMl has been created now convert it in to string xmlString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:xmlData encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; // Ataching other infromatin to he xml parameterString = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"mobileRequestXML="]; requestString = [[NSString alloc] init]; requestString = [parameterString stringByAppendingString:xmlString]; // give space betn two element. requestString = [requestString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"<" withString:@" <"]; // Initalizing other parameters postData = [requestString dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding allowLossyConversion:YES]; postLength = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",[postData length]]; firstRequest = [[[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] init] autorelease]; REASON = [[NSMutableString alloc] init]; RESPVAR = [[NSMutableString alloc] init]; NSLog(@"\n \n Sending for 1st time........\n"); [self sendRequest]; NSLog(@"\n \n Sending for 2nd time........\n"); [self sendRequest]; NSLog(@"\n \n both request send........\n \n "); } //[tbldata reloadData]; [self retain]; [super viewDidLoad]; } -(void)sendRequest { finished = FALSE; NSLog(@"\n Sending Request \n\n %@", requestString); conn = [[NSURLConnection alloc] init]; if(gotOK == 0) [firstRequest setURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://115.113.110.139/Test/CbbpMobileRequestHandler"]]; if(gotOK == 1) { [firstRequest setURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://115.113.110.139//secure"]]; gotOK = 2; } [firstRequest setHTTPMethod:@"POST"]; [firstRequest setValue:postLength forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"]; [firstRequest setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]; [firstRequest setHTTPBody:postData]; conn = [conn initWithRequest:firstRequest delegate:self startImmediately:YES]; [conn start]; while(!finished) { [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]]; } if (conn) { //receivedData = [[NSMutableData data] retain]; NSLog(@"\n\n Received %d bytes of data",[receivedData length]); } else { NSLog(@"\n Not responding"); } } (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response { NSLog(@" \n Send didReciveResponse"); [receivedData setLength:0]; } (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data { NSLog(@" \n Send didReciveData"); [receivedData appendData:data]; } (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { finished = TRUE; NSLog(@" \n Send didFinishLaunching"); // do something with the data // receivedData is declared as a method instance elsewhere NSLog(@"\n\n Succeeded! DIDFINISH Received %d bytes of data\n\n ",[receivedData length]); NSString *aStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:receivedData encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; NSLog(aStr); //[conn release]; if([aStr isEqualToString:@"OK"]) gotOK = 1; NSLog(@" Value of gotOK - %d", gotOK); if(gotOK == 2) { responseData = [aStr dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding allowLossyConversion:YES]; parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData:responseData]; [parser setDelegate:self]; NSLog(@"\n start parsing"); [parser parse]; NSLog(@"\n PArsing over"); NSLog(@"\n check U / S and the RESVAR is - %@",RESPVAR); NSRange textRange; textRange =[aStr rangeOfString:@"<"]; if(textRange.location != NSNotFound) { if([RESPVAR isEqualToString:@"U"]) { self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem.enabled = TRUE; self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem.enabled = TRUE; NSLog(@" \n U......."); UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Error" message:REASON delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"OK", nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; } if([RESPVAR isEqualToString:@"S"]) { NSLog(@"\n S........"); [[self navigationController] pushViewController:[[AddBillerCategoryViewController alloc] init] animated:YES]; //[self viewDidLoad]; //[tbldata reloadData]; } } else { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Connection Problem" message:@"Enable to process your request at this time. Please try again." delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"OK", nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; //self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem.enabled = TRUE; } } NSLog(@"\n Last line of connectionDidFinish "); //[tableView reloadData]; } -(NSData *)createXML { NSString *strXmlNode = @" channel alliaceid session reqtype responseurl responsevar "; NSString *tempchannel = [strXmlNode stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"channel" withString:strChannelID options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0, [strXmlNode length])]; NSString *tempalliance = [tempchannel stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"alliaceid" withString:@"WALLET365" options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0, [tempchannel length])]; NSString *tempsession = [tempalliance stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"session" withString:strSessionID options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0, [tempalliance length])]; NSString *tempreqtype = [tempsession stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"reqtype" withString:strRequestType options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0,[tempsession length])]; NSString *tempresponseurl = [tempreqtype stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"responseurl" withString:strResponseURL options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0, [tempreqtype length])]; NSString *tempresponsevar = [tempresponseurl stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"responsevar" withString:strResponseVar options:NSBackwardsSearch range:NSMakeRange(0,[tempresponseurl length])]; NSData *data= [[NSString stringWithString:tempresponsevar] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; return data; } (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict { if([elementName isEqualToString:@"RESPVAL"]) currentAttribute = [NSMutableString string]; if([elementName isEqualToString:@"REASON"]) currentAttribute = [NSMutableString string]; if([elementName isEqualToString:@"COUNT"]) currentAttribute = [NSMutableString string]; if([elementName isEqualToString:@"CATNAME"]) currentAttribute = [NSMutableString string]; } (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName { if([elementName isEqualToString:@"RESPVAL"]) { [RESPVAR setString:currentAttribute]; //NSLog(@"\n Response VAR - %@", RESPVAR); } if([elementName isEqualToString:@"REASON"]) { [REASON setString:currentAttribute]; //NSLog(@"\n Reason - %@", REASON); } if([elementName isEqualToString:@"COUNT"]) { NSString *temp1 = [[NSString alloc] init]; temp1 = [temp1 stringByAppendingString:currentAttribute]; catCount = [temp1 intValue]; [temp1 release]; //NSLog(@"\n Cat Count - %d", catCount); } if([elementName isEqualToString:@"CATNAME"]) { [appDelegate.catListArray addObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:currentAttribute]]; //NSLog(@"%@", appDelegate.catListArray); } } (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string { if(self.currentAttribute) [self.currentAttribute setString:string]; } /* (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillAppear:animated]; } */ /* (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidAppear:animated]; } */ /* (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillDisappear:animated]; } */ /* (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidDisappear:animated]; } */ /* // Override to allow orientations other than the default portrait orientation. (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { // Return YES for supported orientations return (interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait); } */ (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview // Release anything that's not essential, such as cached data } pragma mark Table view methods -(NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView { return 1; } // Customize the number of rows in the table view. -(NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { KlinnkAppDelegate *appDelegated = (KlinnkAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; return appDelegated.catListArray.count; } // Customize the appearance of table view cells. (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell"; UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier]; if (cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease]; } // Set up the cell... AddBillerCategoryViewController *mbvc = (AddBillerCategoryViewController *)[appDelegate.catListArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; [cell setText:mbvc.strOptions]; return cell; } (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Navigation logic may go here. Create and push another view controller. // AnotherViewController *anotherViewController = [[AnotherViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"AnotherView" bundle:nil]; // [self.navigationController pushViewController:anotherViewController]; // [anotherViewController release]; gotOK = 0; int j = indexPath.row; appDelegate.catName = [[NSString alloc] init]; appDelegate.catName = [appDelegate.catName stringByAppendingString:[appDelegate.catListArray objectAtIndex:j]]; [[self navigationController] pushViewController:[[AddBillerListViewController alloc] init] animated:YES]; } /* // Override to support conditional editing of the table view. (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canEditRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Return NO if you do not want the specified item to be editable. return YES; } */ /* // Override to support editing the table view. (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete) { // Delete the row from the data source [tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:YES]; } else if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert) { // Create a new instance of the appropriate class, insert it into the array, and add a new row to the table view } } */ /* // Override to support rearranging the table view. (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView moveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)fromIndexPath toIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)toIndexPath { } */ /* // Override to support conditional rearranging of the table view. (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canMoveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Return NO if you do not want the item to be re-orderable. return YES; } */ (void)dealloc { [REASON release]; [RESPVAR release]; [currentAttribute release]; [tbldata release]; [super dealloc]; } @end In the Above code .. numberOfSectionsInTableView ,i get error of obj-msg-send i have intialize the array catlist and even not released it anywhere still why i am getting this error please help me i am badly stuck' thanks in advacnce

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  • How to recursively delete some xml elements using XSLT

    - by Monomachus
    Hi, So I got this situation which sucks. I have an XML like this <table border="1" cols="200 100pt 200"> <tr> <td>isbn</td> <td>title</td> <td>price</td> </tr> <tr> <td /> <td /> <td> <span type="champsimple" id="9b297fb5-d12b-46b1-8899-487a2df0104e" categorieid="a1c70692-0427-425b-983c-1a08b6585364" champcoderef="01f12b93-b4c5-401b-9da1-c9385d77e43f"> [prénom] </span> <span type="champsimple" id="e103a6a5-d1be-4c34-8a54-d234179fb4ea" categorieid="a1c70692-0427-425b-983c-1a08b6585364" champcoderef="01f12b93-b4c5-401b-9da1-c9385d77e43f">[nom]</span> <span></span> </td> </tr> <tr></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Phill It in</td> </tr> <tr> <table id="cas1"> <tr> <td ></td> <td >foo</td> </tr> <tr> <td >bar</td> <td >boo</td> </tr> </table> </tr> <tr> <table id="cas2"> <tr> <td ></td> <td >foo</td> </tr> <tr> <td ></td> <td >boo</td> </tr> </table> </tr> <tr> <table id="cas3"> <tr> <td >bar</td> <td ></td> </tr> <tr> <td >foo</td> <td >boo</td> </tr> </table> </tr> <tr> <table id="cas4"> <tr> <td /> <td /> </tr> <tr> <td>foo</td> <td>boo</td> </tr> </table> </tr> <table id="cas4"> <tr> <td /> <td /> </tr> <tr> <td>foo</td> <td>boo</td> </tr> </table> <tr> <td /> <td /> </tr> </table> Now the question is how would I recursively delete all empty td, tr and table elements? Now I use this XSLT <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/> <xsl:strip-space elements="*" /> <xsl:template match="node()|@*"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="td[not(node())]" /> <xsl:template match="tr[not(node())]" /> <xsl:template match="table[not(node())]" /> </xsl:stylesheet> But it doesn't do very well. After I delete td, a tr becomes empty but it doesn't handle that. Too bad. See the table element with "cas4". <table border="1" cols="200 100pt 200"> <tr> <td>isbn</td> <td>title</td> <td>price</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span type="champsimple" id="9b297fb5-d12b-46b1-8899-487a2df0104e" categorieid="a1c70692-0427-425b-983c-1a08b6585364" champcoderef="01f12b93-b4c5-401b-9da1-c9385d77e43f"> [prénom] </span> <span type="champsimple" id="e103a6a5-d1be-4c34-8a54-d234179fb4ea" categorieid="a1c70692-0427-425b-983c-1a08b6585364" champcoderef="01f12b93-b4c5-401b-9da1-c9385d77e43f">[nom]</span> <span /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Phill It in</td> </tr> <tr> <table id="cas1"> <tr> <td>foo</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bar</td> <td>boo</td> </tr> </table> </tr> <tr> <table id="cas2"> <tr> <td>foo</td> </tr> <tr> <td>boo</td> </tr> </table> </tr> <tr> <table id="cas3"> <tr> <td>bar</td> </tr> <tr> <td>foo</td> <td>boo</td> </tr> </table> </tr> <tr> <table id="cas4"> <tr /> <tr> <td>foo</td> <td>boo</td> </tr> </table> </tr> <table id="cas4"> <tr /> <tr> <td>foo</td> <td>boo</td> </tr> </table> <tr /> </table> How would you solve this problem?

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  • Getting problem in collision detection in Java Game

    - by chetans
    Hi I am developing Spaceship Game in which i am getting problem in collision detection of moving images Game has a spaceship and number of asteroids(obstacles) i want to detect the collision between them How can i do this?`package Game; import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.MediaTracker; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; import java.awt.event.KeyListener; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; public class ThreadInApplet extends Applet implements KeyListener { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; Image[] asteroidImage; Image spaceshipImage; int[] XPosObst,YPosObst; int numberOfObstacles=0,XPosOfSpaceship,YPosOfSpaceship; int spaceButtnCntr=0,noOfObstaclesLevel=20; boolean gameStart=false,collideUp=false,collideDown=false,collideLeft=false,collideRight=false; private Image offScreenImage; private Dimension offScreenSize,d; private Graphics offScreenGraphics; int speedObstacles=1; String spaceshipImagePath="images/spaceship.png",obstacleImagepath="images/asteroid.png"; String buttonToStart="Press Space to start"; public void init() { try { asteroidImage=new Image[noOfObstaclesLevel]; XPosObst=new int[noOfObstaclesLevel]; YPosObst=new int[noOfObstaclesLevel]; XPosOfSpaceship=getWidth()/2-35; YPosOfSpaceship=getHeight()-100; spaceshipImage=getImage(new URL(getCodeBase(),spaceshipImagePath)); for(int i=0;i<noOfObstaclesLevel;i++) { asteroidImage[i]=getImage(new URL(getCodeBase(),obstacleImagepath)); XPosObst[i]=(int) (Math.random()*700); YPosObst[i]=0; } MediaTracker tracker = new MediaTracker (this); for(int i=0;i<noOfObstaclesLevel;i++) { tracker.addImage (asteroidImage[i], 0); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } setBackground(Color.black); addKeyListener(this); } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.setColor(Color.white); if(gameStart==false) { g.drawString(buttonToStart, (getWidth()/2)-60, getHeight()/2); } g.drawString("HEADfitted Solutions Pvt.Ltd.", (getWidth()/2)-80, getHeight()-20); for(int n=0;n<numberOfObstacles;n++) { if(n>0) g.drawImage(asteroidImage[n],XPosObst[n],YPosObst[n],this); } g.drawImage(spaceshipImage,XPosOfSpaceship,YPosOfSpaceship,this); } @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public void update(Graphics g) { d = size(); if((offScreenImage == null) || (d.width != offScreenSize.width) || (d.height != offScreenSize.height)) { offScreenImage = createImage(d.width, d.height); offScreenSize = d; offScreenGraphics = offScreenImage.getGraphics(); } offScreenGraphics.clearRect(0, 0, d.width, d.height); paint(offScreenGraphics); g.drawImage(offScreenImage, 0, 0, null); } public void keyReleased(KeyEvent arg0){} public void keyTyped(KeyEvent arg0) {} Thread mainThread=new Thread() { synchronized public void run () { try { //System.out.println("in main thread"); if (gameStart==true) { moveObstacles.start(); if(collide()==false) { createObsThread.start(); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }; Thread createObsThread=new Thread() { synchronized public void run () { if (spaceButtnCntr==1) { if (collide()==false) { for(int g=0;g<noOfObstaclesLevel;g++) { try { sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } numberOfObstacles++; } } } } }; Thread moveObstacles=new Thread() // Moving Obstacle images downwards after every 10 ms { synchronized public void run () { while(YPosObst[19]!=600) { if (collide()==false) { //createObsThread.start(); for(int l=0;l } repaint(); try { sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }; public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { if(e.getKeyCode()==32) { gameStart=true; spaceButtnCntr++; if (spaceButtnCntr==1) { mainThread.start(); } } if(gameStart==true) { if(e.getKeyCode()==37 && collideLeft==false)//Spaceship movement left { new Thread () { synchronized public void run () { XPosOfSpaceship-=10; repaint(); } }.start(); } if(e.getKeyCode()==38 && collideUp==false)//Spaceship movement up { new Thread () { synchronized public void run () { YPosOfSpaceship-=10; repaint(); } }.start(); } if(e.getKeyCode()==39 && collideRight==false)//Spaceship movement right { new Thread () { synchronized public void run () { XPosOfSpaceship+=10; repaint(); } }.start(); } if(e.getKeyCode()==40 && collideDown==false)//Spaceship movement down { new Thread () { synchronized public void run () { YPosOfSpaceship+=10; repaint(); } }.start(); } } } /*public boolean collide() { int x0, y0, w0, h0, x2, y2, w2, h2; x0=XPosOfSpaceship; y0=YPosOfSpaceship; h0=spaceshipImage.getHeight(null); w0=spaceshipImage.getWidth(null); for(int i=0;i<20;i++) { x2=XPosObst[i]; y2=YPosObst[i]; h2=asteroidImage[i].getHeight(null); w2=asteroidImage[i].getWidth(null); if ((x0 > (x2 + w2)) || ((x0 + w0) < x2)) return false; System.out.println(x2+" "+y2+" "+h2+" "+w2); if ((y0 > (y2 + h2)) || ((y0 + h0) < y2)) return false; } return true; }*/ public boolean collide() { int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4; //coordinates of obstacles int a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4; //coordinates of spaceship a1 =XPosOfSpaceship; b1=YPosOfSpaceship; a2=a1+spaceshipImage.getWidth(this); b2=b1; a3=a1; b3=b1+spaceshipImage.getHeight(this); a4=a2; b4=b3; for(int a=0;a if(x1>=a1 && x1<=a2 && x1<=b3 && x1>=b1) return (true); if(x2>=a1 && x2<=a2 && x2<=b3 && x2>=b1) return(true); //********checking asteroid touch spaceship from up direction******** if(y3==b1 && x4>=a1 && x4<=a2) { collideUp = true; return(true); } if(y3==b1 && x3>=a1 && x3<=a2) { collideUp = true; return(true); } //********checking asteroid touch spaceship from left direction****** if(x2==a1 && y4>=b1 && y4<=b3) { collideLeft=true; return(true); } if(x2==a1 && y2>=b1 && y2<=b3) { collideLeft=true; return(true); } //********checking asteroid touch spaceship from right direction***** if(x1==a2 && y3>=b2 && y3<=b4) { collideRight=true; return(true); } if(x1==a2 && y1>=b2 && y1<=b4) { collideRight=true; return(true); } //********checking asteroid touch spaceship from down direction***** if(y1==b3 && x2>=a3 && x2<=a4) { collideDown=true; return(true); } if(y1==b3 && x1>=a3 && x1<=a4) { collideDown=true; return(true); } else { collideUp=false; collideDown=false; collideLeft=false; collideRight=false; } } return(false); } } `

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  • Inserting instructions into method.

    - by Alix
    Hi, (First of all, this is a very lengthy post, but don't worry: I've already implemented all of it, I'm just asking your opinion.) I'm having trouble implementing the following; I'd appreciate some help: I get a Type as parameter. I define a subclass using reflection. Notice that I don't intend to modify the original type, but create a new one. I create a property per field of the original class, like so: [- ignore this text here; I had to add something or the formatting wouldn't work <-] public class OriginalClass { private int x; } public class Subclass : OriginalClass { private int x; public int X { get { return x; } set { x = value; } } } [This is number 4! Numbered lists don't work if you add code in between; sorry] For every method of the superclass, I create an analogous method in the subclass. The method's body must be the same except that I replace the instructions ldfld x with callvirt this.get_X, that is, instead of reading from the field directly I call the get accessor. I'm having trouble with step 4. I know you're not supposed to manipulate code like this, but I really need to. Here's what I've tried: Attempt #1: Use Mono.Cecil. This would allow me to parse the body of the method into human-readable Instructions, and easily replace instructions. However, the original type isn't in a .dll file, so I can't find a way to load it with Mono.Cecil. Writing the type to a .dll, then load it, then modify it and write the new type to disk (which I think is the way you create a type with Mono.Cecil), and then load it seems like a huge overhead. Attempt #2: Use Mono.Reflection. This would also allow me to parse the body into Instructions, but then I have no support for replacing instructions. I've implemented a very ugly and inefficient solution using Mono.Reflection, but it doesn't yet support methods that contain try-catch statements (although I guess I can implement this) and I'm concerned that there may be other scenarios in which it won't work, since I'm using the ILGenerator in a somewhat unusual way. Also, it's very ugly ;). Here's what I've done: private void TransformMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo) { // Create a method with the same signature. ParameterInfo[] paramList = methodInfo.GetParameters(); Type[] args = new Type[paramList.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { args[i] = paramList[i].ParameterType; } MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, methodInfo.Attributes, methodInfo.ReturnType, args); ILGenerator ilGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); // Declare the same local variables as in the original method. IList<LocalVariableInfo> locals = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().LocalVariables; foreach (LocalVariableInfo local in locals) { ilGen.DeclareLocal(local.LocalType); } // Get readable instructions. IList<Instruction> instructions = methodInfo.GetInstructions(); // I first need to define labels for every instruction in case I // later find a jump to that instruction. Once the instruction has // been emitted I cannot label it, so I'll need to do it in advance. // Since I'm doing a first pass on the method's body anyway, I could // instead just create labels where they are truly needed, but for // now I'm using this quick fix. Dictionary<int, Label> labels = new Dictionary<int, Label>(); foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { labels[instr.Offset] = ilGen.DefineLabel(); } foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { // Mark this instruction with a label, in case there's a branch // instruction that jumps here. ilGen.MarkLabel(labels[instr.Offset]); // If this is the instruction that I want to replace (ldfld x)... if (instr.OpCode == OpCodes.Ldfld) { // ...get the get accessor for the accessed field (get_X()) // (I have the accessors in a dictionary; this isn't relevant), MethodInfo safeReadAccessor = dataMembersSafeAccessors[((FieldInfo) instr.Operand).Name][0]; // ...instead of emitting the original instruction (ldfld x), // emit a call to the get accessor, ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, safeReadAccessor); // Else (it's any other instruction), reemit the instruction, unaltered. } else { Reemit(instr, ilGen, labels); } } } And here comes the horrible, horrible Reemit method: private void Reemit(Instruction instr, ILGenerator ilGen, Dictionary<int, Label> labels) { // If the instruction doesn't have an operand, emit the opcode and return. if (instr.Operand == null) { ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode); return; } // Else (it has an operand)... // If it's a branch instruction, retrieve the corresponding label (to // which we want to jump), emit the instruction and return. if (instr.OpCode.FlowControl == FlowControl.Branch) { ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, labels[Int32.Parse(instr.Operand.ToString())]); return; } // Otherwise, simply emit the instruction. I need to use the right // Emit call, so I need to cast the operand to its type. Type operandType = instr.Operand.GetType(); if (typeof(byte).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (byte) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(double).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (double) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(float).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (float) instr.Operand); else if (typeof(int).IsAssignableFrom(operandType)) ilGen.Emit(instr.OpCode, (int) instr.Operand); ... // you get the idea. This is a pretty long method, all like this. } Branch instructions are a special case because instr.Operand is SByte, but Emit expects an operand of type Label. Hence the need for the Dictionary labels. As you can see, this is pretty horrible. What's more, it doesn't work in all cases, for instance with methods that contain try-catch statements, since I haven't emitted them using methods BeginExceptionBlock, BeginCatchBlock, etc, of ILGenerator. This is getting complicated. I guess I can do it: MethodBody has a list of ExceptionHandlingClause that should contain the necessary information to do this. But I don't like this solution anyway, so I'll save this as a last-resort solution. Attempt #3: Go bare-back and just copy the byte array returned by MethodBody.GetILAsByteArray(), since I only want to replace a single instruction for another single instruction of the same size that produces the exact same result: it loads the same type of object on the stack, etc. So there won't be any labels shifting and everything should work exactly the same. I've done this, replacing specific bytes of the array and then calling MethodBuilder.CreateMethodBody(byte[], int), but I still get the same error with exceptions, and I still need to declare the local variables or I'll get an error... even when I simply copy the method's body and don't change anything. So this is more efficient but I still have to take care of the exceptions, etc. Sigh. Here's the implementation of attempt #3, in case anyone is interested: private void TransformMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo, Dictionary<string, MethodInfo[]> dataMembersSafeAccessors, ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder) { ParameterInfo[] paramList = methodInfo.GetParameters(); Type[] args = new Type[paramList.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) { args[i] = paramList[i].ParameterType; } MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, methodInfo.Attributes, methodInfo.ReturnType, args); ILGenerator ilGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); IList<LocalVariableInfo> locals = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().LocalVariables; foreach (LocalVariableInfo local in locals) { ilGen.DeclareLocal(local.LocalType); } byte[] rawInstructions = methodInfo.GetMethodBody().GetILAsByteArray(); IList<Instruction> instructions = methodInfo.GetInstructions(); int k = 0; foreach (Instruction instr in instructions) { if (instr.OpCode == OpCodes.Ldfld) { MethodInfo safeReadAccessor = dataMembersSafeAccessors[((FieldInfo) instr.Operand).Name][0]; byte[] bytes = toByteArray(OpCodes.Callvirt.Value); for (int m = 0; m < OpCodes.Callvirt.Size; m++) { rawInstructions[k++] = bytes[put.Length - 1 - m]; } bytes = toByteArray(moduleBuilder.GetMethodToken(safeReadAccessor).Token); for (int m = instr.Size - OpCodes.Ldfld.Size - 1; m >= 0; m--) { rawInstructions[k++] = bytes[m]; } } else { k += instr.Size; } } methodBuilder.CreateMethodBody(rawInstructions, rawInstructions.Length); } private static byte[] toByteArray(int intValue) { byte[] intBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(intValue); if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian) Array.Reverse(intBytes); return intBytes; } private static byte[] toByteArray(short shortValue) { byte[] intBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(shortValue); if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian) Array.Reverse(intBytes); return intBytes; } (I know it isn't pretty. Sorry. I put it quickly together to see if it would work.) I don't have much hope, but can anyone suggest anything better than this? Sorry about the extremely lengthy post, and thanks.

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  • Valgrind says "stack allocation," I say "heap allocation"

    - by Joel J. Adamson
    Dear Friends, I am trying to trace a segfault with valgrind. I get the following message from valgrind: ==3683== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s) ==3683== at 0x4C277C5: sparse_mat_mat_kron (sparse.c:165) ==3683== by 0x4C2706E: rec_mating (rec.c:176) ==3683== by 0x401C1C: age_dep_iterate (age_dep.c:287) ==3683== by 0x4014CB: main (age_dep.c:92) ==3683== Uninitialised value was created by a stack allocation ==3683== at 0x401848: age_dep_init_params (age_dep.c:131) ==3683== ==3683== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s) ==3683== at 0x4C277C7: sparse_mat_mat_kron (sparse.c:165) ==3683== by 0x4C2706E: rec_mating (rec.c:176) ==3683== by 0x401C1C: age_dep_iterate (age_dep.c:287) ==3683== by 0x4014CB: main (age_dep.c:92) ==3683== Uninitialised value was created by a stack allocation ==3683== at 0x401848: age_dep_init_params (age_dep.c:131) However, here's the offending line: /* allocate mating table */ age_dep_data->mtable = malloc (age_dep_data->geno * sizeof (double *)); if (age_dep_data->mtable == NULL) error (ENOMEM, ENOMEM, nullmsg, __LINE__); for (int j = 0; j < age_dep_data->geno; j++) { 131=> age_dep_data->mtable[j] = calloc (age_dep_data->geno, sizeof (double)); if (age_dep_data->mtable[j] == NULL) error (ENOMEM, ENOMEM, nullmsg, __LINE__); } What gives? I thought any call to malloc or calloc allocated heap space; there is no other variable allocated here, right? Is it possible there's another allocation going on (the offending stack allocation) that I'm not seeing? You asked to see the code, here goes: /* Copyright 2010 Joel J. Adamson <[email protected]> $Id: age_dep.c 1010 2010-04-21 19:19:16Z joel $ age_dep.c:main file Joel J. Adamson -- http://www.unc.edu/~adamsonj Servedio Lab University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB #3280, Coker Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 This file is part of an investigation of age-dependent sexual selection. This code is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with haploid. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ #include "age_dep.h" /* global variables */ extern struct argp age_dep_argp; /* global error message variables */ char * nullmsg = "Null pointer: %i"; /* error message for conversions: */ char * errmsg = "Representation error: %s"; /* precision for formatted output: */ const char prec[] = "%-#9.8f "; const size_t age_max = AGEMAX; /* maximum age of males */ static int keep_going_p = 1; int main (int argc, char ** argv) { /* often used counters: */ int i, j; /* read the command line */ struct age_dep_args age_dep_args = { NULL, NULL, NULL }; argp_parse (&age_dep_argp, argc, argv, 0, 0, &age_dep_args); /* set the parameters here: */ /* initialize an age_dep_params structure, set the members */ age_dep_params_t * params = malloc (sizeof (age_dep_params_t)); if (params == NULL) error (ENOMEM, ENOMEM, nullmsg, __LINE__); age_dep_init_params (params, &age_dep_args); /* initialize frequencies: this initializes a list of pointers to initial frqeuencies, terminated by a NULL pointer*/ params->freqs = age_dep_init (&age_dep_args); params->by = 0.0; /* what range of parameters do we want, and with what stepsize? */ /* we should go from 0 to half-of-theta with a step size of about 0.01 */ double from = 0.0; double to = params->theta / 2.0; double stepsz = 0.01; /* did you think I would spell the whole word? */ unsigned int numparts = floor(to / stepsz); do { #pragma omp parallel for private(i) firstprivate(params) \ shared(stepsz, numparts) for (i = 0; i < numparts; i++) { params->by = i * stepsz; int tries = 0; while (keep_going_p) { /* each time through, modify mfreqs and mating table, then go again */ keep_going_p = age_dep_iterate (params, ++tries); if (keep_going_p == ERANGE) error (ERANGE, ERANGE, "Failure to converge\n"); } fprintf (stdout, "%i iterations\n", tries); } /* for i < numparts */ params->freqs = params->freqs->next; } while (params->freqs->next != NULL); return 0; } inline double age_dep_pmate (double age_dep_t, unsigned int genot, double bp, double ba) { /* the probability of mating between these phenotypes */ /* the female preference depends on whether the female has the preference allele, the strength of preference (parameter bp) and the male phenotype (age_dep_t); if the female lacks the preference allele, then this will return 0, which is not quite accurate; it should return 1 */ return bits_isset (genot, CLOCI)? 1.0 - exp (-bp * age_dep_t) + ba: 1.0; } inline double age_dep_trait (int age, unsigned int genot, double by) { /* return the male trait, a function of the trait locus, age, the age-dependent scaling parameter (bx) and the males condition genotype */ double C; double T; /* get the male's condition genotype */ C = (double) bits_popcount (bits_extract (0, CLOCI, genot)); /* get his trait genotype */ T = bits_isset (genot, CLOCI + 1)? 1.0: 0.0; /* return the trait value */ return T * by * exp (age * C); } int age_dep_iterate (age_dep_params_t * data, unsigned int tries) { /* main driver routine */ /* number of bytes for female frequencies */ size_t geno = data->age_dep_data->geno; size_t genosize = geno * sizeof (double); /* female frequencies are equal to male frequencies at birth (before selection) */ double ffreqs[geno]; if (ffreqs == NULL) error (ENOMEM, ENOMEM, nullmsg, __LINE__); /* do not set! Use memcpy (we need to alter male frequencies (selection) without altering female frequencies) */ memmove (ffreqs, data->freqs->freqs[0], genosize); /* for (int i = 0; i < geno; i++) */ /* ffreqs[i] = data->freqs->freqs[0][i]; */ #ifdef PRMTABLE age_dep_pr_mfreqs (data); #endif /* PRMTABLE */ /* natural selection: */ age_dep_ns (data); /* normalized mating table with new frequencies */ age_dep_norm_mtable (ffreqs, data); #ifdef PRMTABLE age_dep_pr_mtable (data); #endif /* PRMTABLE */ double * newfreqs; /* mutate here */ /* i.e. get the new frequency of 0-year-olds using recombination; */ newfreqs = rec_mating (data->age_dep_data); /* return block */ { if (sim_stop_ck (data->freqs->freqs[0], newfreqs, GENO, TOL) == 0) { /* if we have converged, stop the iterations and handle the data */ age_dep_sim_out (data, stdout); return 0; } else if (tries > MAXTRIES) return ERANGE; else { /* advance generations */ for (int j = age_max - 1; j < 0; j--) memmove (data->freqs->freqs[j], data->freqs->freqs[j-1], genosize); /* advance the first age-class */ memmove (data->freqs->freqs[0], newfreqs, genosize); return 1; } } } void age_dep_ns (age_dep_params_t * data) { /* calculate the new frequency of genotypes given additive fitness and selection coefficient s */ size_t geno = data->age_dep_data->geno; double w[geno]; double wbar, dtheta, ttheta, dcond, tcond; double t, cond; /* fitness parameters */ double mu, nu; mu = data->wparams[0]; nu = data->wparams[1]; /* calculate fitness */ for (int j = 0; j < age_max; j++) { int i; for (i = 0; i < geno; i++) { /* calculate male trait: */ t = age_dep_trait(j, i, data->by); /* calculate condition: */ cond = (double) bits_popcount (bits_extract(0, CLOCI, i)); /* trait-based fitness term */ dtheta = data->theta - t; ttheta = (dtheta * dtheta) / (2.0 * nu * nu); /* condition-based fitness term */ dcond = CLOCI - cond; tcond = (dcond * dcond) / (2.0 * mu * mu); /* calculate male fitness */ w[i] = 1 + exp(-tcond) - exp(-ttheta); } /* calculate mean fitness */ /* as long as we calculate wbar before altering any values of freqs[], we're safe */ wbar = gen_mean (data->freqs->freqs[j], w, geno); for (i = 0; i < geno; i++) data->freqs->freqs[j][i] = (data->freqs->freqs[j][i] * w[i]) / wbar; } } void age_dep_norm_mtable (double * ffreqs, age_dep_params_t * params) { /* this function produces a single mating table that forms the input for recombination () */ /* i is female genotype; j is male genotype; k is male age */ int i,j,k; double norm_denom; double trait; size_t geno = params->age_dep_data->geno; for (i = 0; i < geno; i++) { double norm_mtable[geno]; /* initialize the denominator: */ norm_denom = 0.0; /* find the probability of mating and add it to the denominator */ for (j = 0; j < geno; j++) { /* initialize entry: */ norm_mtable[j] = 0.0; for (k = 0; k < age_max; k++) { trait = age_dep_trait (k, j, params->by); norm_mtable[j] += age_dep_pmate (trait, i, params->bp, params->ba) * (params->freqs->freqs)[k][j]; } norm_denom += norm_mtable[j]; } /* now calculate entry (i,j) */ for (j = 0; j < geno; j++) params->age_dep_data->mtable[i][j] = (ffreqs[i] * norm_mtable[j]) / norm_denom; } } My current suspicion is the array newfreqs: I can't memmove, memcpy or assign a stack variable then hope it will persist, can I? rec_mating() returns double *.

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  • Background Image not showing up in IE8

    - by Davey
    So I have a tiny header image that repeats on the x axis, but for some reason it won't show up in IE8. Anyone know a work around? Thanks in advanced. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta content='' name='description' /> <meta content='' name='keywords' /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" media="screen" /> <title>Book Site</title> </head> <body> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="header"> <div id="title"> <span class="maintitle">Site Title Goes Here</span> <br /> <span class="subtitle">Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction & Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman, editors</span> </div> <img class="thebook" src="images/thebook.png" /> <span class="bookblurb"> <span class="bookbuy">Buy the book</span> get it online <br /> from Columbia, Hurst or your favorite reseller </span> </div> <div id="navbar"> <ul> <li>HOME</li> <li>ABOUT THE BOOK</li> <li>AUTHORS</li> <li>NEWS & EVENTS</li> <li>KIGALI PUBLIC LIBRARY</li> <li>CONTACT US</li> </ul> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="blockone"> <div id="polaroid"> <img class="polaroid" src="images/polaroid.png" /> <br /> <span class="roidplace">Gisimba Memorial Centre</span> <br /> <span class="roidname">Kigali, Rwanda</span> </div> <div id="textblockone"> <h3>An incisive analysis of genocide and its aftermath</h3> <br /> <span class="description">In After Genocide leading scholars and practitioners analyse the political, legal and regional impact of events in post-genocide Rwanda within the broader themes of transitional justice, reconstruction and reconciliation. Given the forthcoming fifteenth anniversary of the Rwandan genocide, and continued mass violence in Africa, especially in Darfur, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and northern Uganda, this volume is unquestionably of continuing relevance. </span> </div> </div> <div id="form"> <div id="statement"> This book should be labeled for the mature individual only. But for that mature individual it is of extreme interest. It shows, far from any Manichean stereotyping, the many facets of having to try to live in an impossibly complex social and human situation. Highly recommended. <br /><br /> <span class="author">-Grard Prunier</span> <br /><span class="bookname">The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (Hurst, 1995)</span> </div> <div id="contactform"> <span class="contactus">Contact us for additional information and site updates</span> <br /> <span class="theform"> <form class="forming"> Name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /> <br /> Title: <input type="text" name="title" /> <br /> Institution: <input type="text" name="institution" /> <br /> Email: <input type="text" name="email" /> <br /> Message: <input type="text" name="message" class="message" /> </form> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <p class="footernav">&copy; 2008 After Genocide <span class="footerlinks">Sitemap | Terms | Privacy | Contact </span> <span class="plug">Web design by <span class="avity">Avity</span> </p> </div> </div> </body> </html> ----------------css------------------- html, body { margin:0; padding:0; background-color:#fdffe3; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #wrapper { width:1020px; margin:0 auto; } /*begin header style*/ #header { background:url("images/headback.png")repeat-x; width:1020px; height:120px; font-family:arial; position:relative; } #title { width:565px; height:100px; float:left; margin:20px 0 0 100px; } .maintitle { font-size:40px; } .subtitle { font-size:13px; } .thebook { float:left; margin:10px 0 0 30px; border:2px solid #666666; } .bookblurb { float:left; width:110px; margin:15px 0 0 15px; font-size:13px; } .bookbuy { font-weight:bold; font-size:14px; } /*end header style*/ /*begin navigation style*/ #navbar { margin:5px 0 0 0; height: 30px; width: 1020px; background-color: #3a3e30; } #navbar ul { padding: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: #FFF; line-height: 30px; white-space: nowrap; margin:0 0 0 140px; } #navbar ul li { list-style-type: none; display: inline; margin:0 40px 0 0; } /*end navigation style*/ /*begin content style*/ #content { width:775px; margin:0 auto; } #blockone { margin:25px 0 0 0; } #polaroid { float:left; width:230px; } .roidplace { font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; } .roidname { font-size:11px; margin:0 0 0 40px; } #textblockone { width:745px; margin:0 0 0 0; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .description { font-size:13px; } #form { background:url("images/formbackround.png") no-repeat; width:758px; height:231px; margin:80px 0 0 10px; } #statement { width:320px; margin:30px 0 0 30px; position:absolute; font-size:15px; font-style:italic; float:left; } .author { font-weight:bold; font-size:14; } .bookname { font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; color:#3f91ad; } #contactform { float:right; width:320px; margin:20px 30px 0 0; } .contactus { font-weight:bold; font-size:12px; } .theform { } .forming { } .message { height:50px; } #footer { width:1020px; height:65px; background-color:#dfdacc; margin:35px 0 0 0; font-size:13px; font-weight:bold; } .footernav { margin:30px 0 0 150px; position:absolute; width:1020px; } .footerlinks { margin:0 10px 0 10px; color:#0f77a9; } .plug { margin:0 0 0 175px; } .avity { color:#0f77a9; } Live site: http://cheapramen.com/testsite/

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  • Google Maps API v3 - Different markers/labels on different zoom levels

    - by krikara
    I was wondering if it is possible that Google has a feature to view different markers on different zoom levels. For example, on zoom level 1, I want one marker over China with the label saying "5". And as the user zooms in, lets say on zoom level 4, I want the previous marker and label to disappear. And I want to have 5 new markers/labels, each on a different city in China all saying "1". Thus China will say a number and all the cities in China will say numbers adding up to China's number. The key concept I am trying to figure out here is how to hide markers and labels based on zoom levels. A constraint for me is that I am living in China currently where google is censored, so a lot of online documents are censored for me, including many of google's documentations. Here is my code thus far <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /> <title>TM China</title> <style type="text/css"> html, body, #map_canvas { margin: 0; padding: 0; height: 100% } .labels { color: red; background-color: white; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Arial", sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; width: 60px; border: 2px solid black; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyDV0lcdK7C2GHbQAmdkBID70Uppuf-D030&sensor=true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> eval(function(p,a,c,k,e,r){e=function(c){return(c<a?'':e(parseInt(c/a)))+((c=c%a)>35?String.fromCharCode(c+29):c.toString(36))};if(!''.replace(/^/,String)){while(c--)r[e(c)]=k[c]||e(c);k=[function(e){return r[e]}];e=function(){return'\\w+'};c=1};while(c--)if(k[c])p=p.replace(new RegExp('\\b'+e(c)+'\\b','g'),k[c]);return p}('7 m(a){2.3=a;2.8=V.1E("1u");2.8.4.C="I: 1m; J: 1g;";2.k=V.1E("1u");2.k.4.C=2.8.4.C}m.l=E 6.5.22();m.l.1Y=7(){n c=2;n h=t;n f=t;n j;n b;n d,K;n i;n g=7(e){p(e.1v){e.1v()}e.2b=u;p(e.1t){e.1t()}};2.1s().24.G(2.8);2.1s().20.G(2.k);2.11=[6.5.9.w(V,"1o",7(a){p(f){a.s=j;i=u;6.5.9.r(c.3,"1n",a)}h=t;6.5.9.r(c.3,"1o",a)}),6.5.9.o(c.3.1P(),"1N",7(a){p(h&&c.3.1M()){a.s=E 6.5.1J(a.s.U()-d,a.s.T()-K);j=a.s;p(f){6.5.9.r(c.3,"1i",a)}F{d=a.s.U()-c.3.Z().U();K=a.s.T()-c.3.Z().T();6.5.9.r(c.3,"1e",a)}}}),6.5.9.w(2.k,"1d",7(e){c.k.4.1c="2i";6.5.9.r(c.3,"1d",e)}),6.5.9.w(2.k,"1D",7(e){c.k.4.1c=c.3.2g();6.5.9.r(c.3,"1D",e)}),6.5.9.w(2.k,"1C",7(e){p(i){i=t}F{g(e);6.5.9.r(c.3,"1C",e)}}),6.5.9.w(2.k,"1A",7(e){g(e);6.5.9.r(c.3,"1A",e)}),6.5.9.w(2.k,"1z",7(e){h=u;f=t;d=0;K=0;g(e);6.5.9.r(c.3,"1z",e)}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"1e",7(a){f=u;b=c.3.1b()}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"1i",7(a){c.3.O(a.s);c.3.D(2a)}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"1n",7(a){f=t;c.3.D(b)}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"29",7(){c.O()}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"28",7(){c.D()}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"27",7(){c.N()}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"26",7(){c.N()}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"25",7(){c.16()}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"23",7(){c.15()}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"21",7(){c.13()}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"1Z",7(){c.L()}),6.5.9.o(2.3,"1X",7(){c.L()})]};m.l.1W=7(){n i;2.8.1r.1q(2.8);2.k.1r.1q(2.k);1p(i=0;i<2.11.1V;i++){6.5.9.1U(2.11[i])}};m.l.1T=7(){2.15();2.16();2.L()};m.l.15=7(){n a=2.3.z("Y");p(H a.1S==="P"){2.8.W=a;2.k.W=2.8.W}F{2.8.G(a);a=a.1R(u);2.k.G(a)}};m.l.16=7(){2.k.1Q=2.3.1O()||""};m.l.L=7(){n i,q;2.8.S=2.3.z("R");2.k.S=2.8.S;2.8.4.C="";2.k.4.C="";q=2.3.z("q");1p(i 1L q){p(q.1K(i)){2.8.4[i]=q[i];2.k.4[i]=q[i]}}2.1l()};m.l.1l=7(){2.8.4.I="1m";2.8.4.J="1g";p(H 2.8.4.B!=="P"){2.8.4.1k="1j(B="+(2.8.4.B*1I)+")"}2.k.4.I=2.8.4.I;2.k.4.J=2.8.4.J;2.k.4.B=0.1H;2.k.4.1k="1j(B=1)";2.13();2.O();2.N()};m.l.13=7(){n a=2.3.z("X");2.8.4.1h=-a.x+"v";2.8.4.1f=-a.y+"v";2.k.4.1h=-a.x+"v";2.k.4.1f=-a.y+"v"};m.l.O=7(){n a=2.1G().1F(2.3.Z());2.8.4.12=a.x+"v";2.8.4.M=a.y+"v";2.k.4.12=2.8.4.12;2.k.4.M=2.8.4.M;2.D()};m.l.D=7(){n a=(2.3.z("14")?-1:+1);p(H 2.3.1b()==="P"){2.8.4.A=2h(2.8.4.M,10)+a;2.k.4.A=2.8.4.A}F{2.8.4.A=2.3.1b()+a;2.k.4.A=2.8.4.A}};m.l.N=7(){p(2.3.z("1a")){2.8.4.Q=2.3.2f()?"2e":"1B"}F{2.8.4.Q="1B"}2.k.4.Q=2.8.4.Q};7 19(a){a=a||{};a.Y=a.Y||"";a.X=a.X||E 6.5.2d(0,0);a.R=a.R||"2c";a.q=a.q||{};a.14=a.14||t;p(H a.1a==="P"){a.1a=u}2.1y=E m(2);6.5.18.1x(2,1w)}19.l=E 6.5.18();19.l.17=7(a){6.5.18.l.17.1x(2,1w);2.1y.17(a)};',62,143,'||this|marker_|style|maps|google|function|labelDiv_|event|||||||||||eventDiv_|prototype|MarkerLabel_|var|addListener|if|labelStyle|trigger|latLng|false|true|px|addDomListener|||get|zIndex|opacity|cssText|setZIndex|new|else|appendChild|typeof|position|overflow|cLngOffset|setStyles|top|setVisible|setPosition|undefined|display|labelClass|className|lng|lat|document|innerHTML|labelAnchor|labelContent|getPosition||listeners_|left|setAnchor|labelInBackground|setContent|setTitle|setMap|Marker|MarkerWithLabel|labelVisible|getZIndex|cursor|mouseover|dragstart|marginTop|hidden|marginLeft|drag|alpha|filter|setMandatoryStyles|absolute|dragend|mouseup|for|removeChild|parentNode|getPanes|stopPropagation|div|preventDefault|arguments|apply|label|mousedown|dblclick|none|click|mouseout|createElement|fromLatLngToDivPixel|getProjection|01|100|LatLng|hasOwnProperty|in|getDraggable|mousemove|getTitle|getMap|title|cloneNode|nodeType|draw|removeListener|length|onRemove|labelstyle_changed|onAdd|labelclass_changed|overlayMouseTarget|labelanchor_changed|OverlayView|labelcontent_changed|overlayImage|title_changed|labelvisible_changed|visible_changed|zindex_changed|position_changed|1000000|cancelBubble|markerLabels|Point|block|getVisible|getCursor|parseInt|pointer'.split('|'),0,{})) var map; var mapOptions = { center: new google.maps.LatLng(35, 105), zoom: 3, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP }; var locations = [ ['Hong Kong', 22.39, 114.10, 1885], ['Shanghai', 31.232, 121.47, 5885], ['Beijing', 39.88, 116.40, 6426], ['Guangzhou', 23.129, 113.264, 4067], ['Shenzhen', 22.54, 114.05, 3089], ['Hangzhou', 30.27, 120.15, 954] ]; var infowindow = new google.maps.InfoWindow(); var i; /* for (i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) { marker = new google.maps.Marker({ position: new google.maps.LatLng(locations[i][1], locations[i][2]), map: map }); google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'click', (function(marker, i) { return function() { infowindow.setContent(locations[i][0]); infowindow.open(map, marker); } })(marker, i)); } */ function myMarker(options) { if(!options.labelAnchor) { options.labelAnchor = new google.maps.Point(30, 50); } if(!options.labelClass) { options.labelClass = "labels"; } options.map = map; return new MarkerWithLabel(options); } function initialize() { map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map_canvas"), mapOptions); for (i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) { var marker = new MarkerWithLabel({ position: new google.maps.LatLng(locations[i][1], locations[i][2]), draggable: false, map: map, labelContent: locations[i][3], labelAnchor: new google.maps.Point(30, 0), labelClass: "labels", // the CSS class for the label labelStyle: {opacity: 0.75} }); } /* var marker2 = new myMarker({ position: new google.maps.LatLng(20,20), draggable: true, labelContent: "second" }); */ } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize); </script> </head> <body onload="initialize()"> <div id="map_canvas" style="width:85%; height:85%"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> </body> </html> EDIT I have been trying to experiment with the MarkerManager, but I can't get the markers to create successfully on different zoom levels. First, I changed my default zoom level to 1, and then I changed my code to what is shown below. function initialize() { map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map_canvas"), mapOptions); /* for (i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) { var marker = new MarkerWithLabel({ position: new google.maps.LatLng(locations[i][1], locations[i][2]), draggable: false, map: map, labelContent: locations[i][3], labelAnchor: new google.maps.Point(30, 0), labelClass: "labels", // the CSS class for the label labelStyle: {opacity: 0.75} }); } */ var listener = google.maps.event.addListener(map, 'bounds_changed', function(){ setupMarkers(); google.maps.event.removeListener(listener); }); } function createCityMarkers() { for (i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) { var marker = new MarkerWithLabel({ position: new google.maps.LatLng(locations[i][1], locations[i][2]), draggable: false, map: map, labelContent: locations[i][3], labelAnchor: new google.maps.Point(30, 0), labelClass: "labels", // the CSS class for the label labelStyle: {opacity: 0.75} }); } } function setupMarkers() { mgr = new MarkerManager(map); google.maps.event.addListener(mgr, 'loaded', function(){ mgr.addMarkers(createCityMarkers(), 4); mgr.refresh(); }); } I have also tried applying the source code of this link as well, but nothing is working out. And when I copy the source code directly to my computer and replace all the icons with markers, the markers still don't appear. I can't seem to figure how to make markers appear using the marker Manager. http://google-maps-utility-library-v3.googlecode.com/svn/tags/markermanager/1.0/examples/weather_map.html

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  • uploading image & getting back from database

    - by Anup Prakash
    Putting a set of code which is pushing image to database and fetching back from database: <!-- <?php error_reporting(0); // Connect to database $errmsg = ""; if (! @mysql_connect("localhost","root","")) { $errmsg = "Cannot connect to database"; } @mysql_select_db("test"); $q = <<<CREATE create table image ( pid int primary key not null auto_increment, title text, imgdata longblob, friend text) CREATE; @mysql_query($q); // Insert any new image into database if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { move_uploaded_file($_FILES['imagefile']['tmp_name'],"latest.img"); $instr = fopen("latest.img","rb"); $image = addslashes(fread($instr,filesize("latest.img"))); if (strlen($instr) < 149000) { $image_query="insert into image (title, imgdata,friend) values (\"". $_REQUEST['title']. "\", \"". $image. "\",'".$_REQUEST['friend']."')"; mysql_query ($image_query) or die("query error"); } else { $errmsg = "Too large!"; } $resultbytes=''; // Find out about latest image $query = "select * from image where pid=1"; $result = @mysql_query("$query"); $resultrow = @mysql_fetch_assoc($result); $gotten = @mysql_query("select * from image order by pid desc limit 1"); if ($row = @mysql_fetch_assoc($gotten)) { $title = htmlspecialchars($row[title]); $bytes = $row[imgdata]; $resultbytes = $row[imgdata]; $friend=$row[friend]; } else { $errmsg = "There is no image in the database yet"; $title = "no database image available"; // Put up a picture of our training centre $instr = fopen("../wellimg/ctco.jpg","rb"); $bytes = fread($instr,filesize("../wellimg/ctco.jpg")); } if ($resultbytes!='') { echo $resultbytes; } } ?> <html> <head> <title>Upload an image to a database</title> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFF66"> <form enctype="multipart/form-data" name="file_upload" method="post"> <center> <div id="image" align="center"> <h2>Heres the latest picture</h2> <font color=red><?php echo $errmsg; ?></font> <b><?php echo $title ?></center> </div> <hr> <h2>Please upload a new picture and title</h2> <table align="center"> <tr> <td>Select image to upload: </td> <td><input type="file" name="imagefile"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Enter the title for picture: </td> <td><input type="text" name="title"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Enter your friend's name:</td> <td><input type="text" name="friend"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit"></td> <td></td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html> --> Above set of code has one problem. The problem is whenever i pressing the "submit" button. It is just displaying the image on a page. But it is leaving all the html codes. even any new line message after the // Printing image on browser echo $resultbytes; //************************// So, for this i put this set of code in html tag: This is other sample code: <!-- <?php error_reporting(0); // Connect to database $errmsg = ""; if (! @mysql_connect("localhost","root","")) { $errmsg = "Cannot connect to database"; } @mysql_select_db("test"); $q = <<<CREATE create table image ( pid int primary key not null auto_increment, title text, imgdata longblob, friend text) CREATE; @mysql_query($q); // Insert any new image into database if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { move_uploaded_file($_FILES['imagefile']['tmp_name'],"latest.img"); $instr = fopen("latest.img","rb"); $image = addslashes(fread($instr,filesize("latest.img"))); if (strlen($instr) < 149000) { $image_query="insert into image (title, imgdata,friend) values (\"". $_REQUEST['title']. "\", \"". $image. "\",'".$_REQUEST['friend']."')"; mysql_query ($image_query) or die("query error"); } else { $errmsg = "Too large!"; } $resultbytes=''; // Find out about latest image $query = "select * from image where pid=1"; $result = @mysql_query("$query"); $resultrow = @mysql_fetch_assoc($result); $gotten = @mysql_query("select * from image order by pid desc limit 1"); if ($row = @mysql_fetch_assoc($gotten)) { $title = htmlspecialchars($row[title]); $bytes = $row[imgdata]; $resultbytes = $row[imgdata]; $friend=$row[friend]; } else { $errmsg = "There is no image in the database yet"; $title = "no database image available"; // Put up a picture of our training centre $instr = fopen("../wellimg/ctco.jpg","rb"); $bytes = fread($instr,filesize("../wellimg/ctco.jpg")); } } ?> <html> <head> <title>Upload an image to a database</title> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFF66"> <form enctype="multipart/form-data" name="file_upload" method="post"> <center> <div id="image" align="center"> <h2>Heres the latest picture</h2> <?php if ($resultbytes!='') { // Printing image on browser echo $resultbytes; } ?> <font color=red><?php echo $errmsg; ?></font> <b><?php echo $title ?></center> </div> <hr> <h2>Please upload a new picture and title</h2> <table align="center"> <tr> <td>Select image to upload: </td> <td><input type="file" name="imagefile"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Enter the title for picture: </td> <td><input type="text" name="title"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Enter your friend's name:</td> <td><input type="text" name="friend"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit"></td> <td></td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html> --> ** But in this It is showing the image in format of special charaters and digits. 1) So, Please help me to print the image with some HTML code. So that i can print it in my form to display the image. 2) Is there any way to convert the database image into real image, so that i can store it into my hard-disk and call it from tag? Please help me.

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  • o write a C++ program to encrypt and decrypt certain codes.

    - by Amber
    Step 1: Write a function int GetText(char[],int); which fills a character array from a requested file. That is, the function should prompt the user to input the filename, and then read up to the number of characters given as the second argument, terminating when the number has been reached or when the end of file is encountered. The file should then be closed. The number of characters placed in the array is then returned as the value of the function. Every character in the file should be transferred to the array. Whitespace should not be removed. When testing, assume that no more than 5000 characters will be read. The function should be placed in a file called coding.cpp while the main will be in ass5.cpp. To enable the prototypes to be accessible, the file coding.h contains the prototypes for all the functions that are to be written in coding.cpp for this assignment. (You may write other functions. If they are called from any of the functions in coding.h, they must appear in coding.cpp where their prototypes should also appear. Do not alter coding.h. Any other functions written for this assignment should be placed, along with their prototypes, with the main function.) Step 2: Write a function int SimplifyText(char[],int); which simplifies the text in the first argument, an array containing the number of characters as given in the second argument, by converting all alphabetic characters to lower case, removing all non-alpha characters, and replacing multiple whitespace by one blank. Any leading whitespace at the beginning of the array should be removed completely. The resulting number of characters should be returned as the value of the function. Note that another array cannot appear in the function (as the file does not contain one). For example, if the array contained the 29 characters "The 39 Steps" by John Buchan (with the " appearing in the array), the simplified text would be the steps by john buchan of length 24. The array should not contain a null character at the end. Step 3: Using the file test.txt, test your program so far. You will need to write a function void PrintText(const char[],int,int); that prints out the contents of the array, whose length is the second argument, breaking the lines to exactly the number of characters in the third argument. Be warned that, if the array contains newlines (as it would when read from a file), lines will be broken earlier than the specified length. Step 4: Write a function void Caesar(const char[],int,char[],int); which takes the first argument array, with length given by the second argument and codes it into the third argument array, using the shift given in the fourth argument. The shift must be performed cyclicly and must also be able to handle negative shifts. Shifts exceeding 26 can be reduced by modulo arithmetic. (Is C++'s modulo operations on negative numbers a problem here?) Demonstrate that the test file, as simplified, can be coded and decoded using a given shift by listing the original input text, the simplified text (indicating the new length), the coded text and finally the decoded text. Step 5: The permutation cypher does not limit the character substitution to just a shift. In fact, each of the 26 characters is coded to one of the others in an arbitrary way. So, for example, a might become f, b become q, c become d, but a letter never remains the same. How the letters are rearranged can be specified using a seed to the random number generator. The code can then be decoded, if the decoder has the same random number generator and knows the seed. Write the function void Permute(const char[],int,char[],unsigned long); with the same first three arguments as Caesar above, with the fourth argument being the seed. The function will have to make up a permutation table as follows: To find what a is coded as, generate a random number from 1 to 25. Add that to a to get the coded letter. Mark that letter as used. For b, generate 1 to 24, then step that many letters after b, ignoring the used letter if encountered. For c, generate 1 to 23, ignoring a or b's codes if encountered. Wrap around at z. Here's an example, for only the 6 letters a, b, c, d, e, f. For the letter a, generate, from 1-5, a 2. Then a - c. c is marked as used. For the letter b, generate, from 1-4, a 3. So count 3 from b, skipping c (since it is marked as used) yielding the coding of b - f. Mark f as used. For c, generate, from 1-3, a 3. So count 3 from c, skipping f, giving a. Note the wrap at the last letter back to the first. And so on, yielding a - c b - f c - a d - b (it got a 2) e - d f - e Thus, for a given seed, a translation table is required. To decode a piece of text, we need the table generated to be re-arranged so that the right hand column is in order. In fact you can just store the table in the reverse way (e.g., if a gets encoded to c, put a opposite c is the table). Write a function called void DePermute(const char[],int,char[], unsigned long); to reverse the permutation cypher. Again, test your functions using the test file. At this point, any main program used to test these functions will not be required as part of the assignment. The remainder of the assignment uses some of these functions, and needs its own main function. When submitted, all the above functions will be tested by the marker's own main function. Step 6: If the seed number is unknown, decoding is difficult. Write a main program which: (i) reads in a piece of text using GetText; (ii) simplifies the text using SimplifyText; (iii) prints the text using PrintText; (iv) requests two letters to swap. If we think 'a' in the text should be 'q' we would type aq as input. The text would be modified by swapping the a's and q's, and the text reprinted. Repeat this last step until the user considers the text is decoded, when the input of the same letter twice (requesting a letter to be swapped with itself) terminates the program. Step 7: If we have a large enough sample of coded text, we can use knowledge of English to aid in finding the permutation. The first clue is in the frequency of occurrence of each letter. Write a function void LetterFreq(const char[],int,freq[]); which takes the piece of text given as the first two arguments (same as above) and returns in the 26 long array of structs (the third argument), the table of the frequency of the 26 letters. This frequency table should be in decreasing order of popularity. A simple Selection Sort will suffice. (This will be described in lectures.) When printed, this summary would look something like v x r s z j p t n c l h u o i b w d g e a q y k f m 168106 68 66 59 54 48 45 44 35 26 24 22 20 20 20 17 13 12 12 4 4 1 0 0 0 The formatting will require the use of input/output manipulators. See the header file for the definition of the struct called freq. Modify the program so that, before each swap is requested, the current frequency of the letters is printed. This does not require further calls to LetterFreq, however. You may use the traditional order of regular letter frequencies (E T A I O N S H R D L U) as a guide when deciding what characters to exchange. Step 8: The decoding process can be made more difficult if blank is also coded. That is, consider the alphabet to be 27 letters. Rewrite LetterFreq and your main program to handle blank as another character to code. In the above frequency order, space usually comes first.

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  • trying to center a css menu made on purecssmenu.com

    - by Party Mcfly
    i have a menu that i generated on purecssmenu.com and im having trouble trying to center it on my page here is the code... <!-- Start PureCSSMenu.com STYLE --> <style> #pcm{display:none;} ul.pureCssMenu ul{display:none} ul.pureCssMenu li:hover>ul{display:block} ul.pureCssMenu ul{position: absolute;left:-1px;top:98%;} ul.pureCssMenu ul ul{position: absolute;left:98%;top:-2px;} ul.pureCssMenu,ul.pureCssMenu ul { margin:0px; list-style:none; padding:0px 2px 2px 0px; background-color:#000000; background-repeat:repeat; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; } ul.pureCssMenu table {border-collapse:collapse}ul.pureCssMenu { display:block; zoom:1; float: left; } ul.pureCssMenu ul{ width:80.85000000000001px; } ul.pureCssMenu li{ display:block; margin:2px 0px 0px 2px; font-size:0px; } ul.pureCssMenu a:active, ul.pureCssMenu a:focus { outline-style:none; } ul.pureCssMenu a, ul.pureCssMenu li.dis a:hover, ul.pureCssMenu li.sep a:hover { display:block; vertical-align:middle; background-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-color:#000000; border-style:solid; text-align:left; text-decoration:none; padding:2px 5px 2px 10px; _padding-left:0; font:11px Arial; color: #969696; text-decoration:none; cursor:default; } ul.pureCssMenu span{ overflow:hidden; } ul.pureCssMenu li { float:left; } ul.pureCssMenu ul li { float:none; } ul.pureCssMenu ul a { text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; } ul.pureCssMenu li.sep{ text-align:left; padding:0px; line-height:0; height:100%; } ul.pureCssMenu li.sep span{ float:none; padding-right:0; width:3px; height:100%; display:inline-block; background-color:#cccccc #111111 #111111 #cccccc; background-image:none;} ul.pureCssMenu ul li.sep span{ width:100%; height:3px; } ul.pureCssMenu li:hover{ position:relative; } ul.pureCssMenu li:hover>a{ background-color:#000000; border-color:#000000; border-style:solid; font:11px Arial; color: #ffa500; text-decoration:none; } ul.pureCssMenu li a:hover{ position:relative; background-color:#000000; border-color:#000000; border-style:solid; font:11px Arial; color: #ffa500; text-decoration:none; } ul.pureCssMenu li.dis a { color: #666 !important; } ul.pureCssMenu img {border: none;float:left;_float:none;margin-right:2px;width:16px; height:16px; } ul.pureCssMenu ul img {width:16px; height:16px; } ul.pureCssMenu img.over{display:none} ul.pureCssMenu li.dis a:hover img.over{display:none !important} ul.pureCssMenu li.dis a:hover img.def {display:inline !important} ul.pureCssMenu li:hover > a img.def {display:none} ul.pureCssMenu li:hover > a img.over {display:inline} ul.pureCssMenu a:hover img.over,ul.pureCssMenu a:hover ul img.def,ul.pureCssMenu a:hover a:hover img.over{display:inline} ul.pureCssMenu a:hover img.def,ul.pureCssMenu a:hover ul img.over,ul.pureCssMenu a:hover a:hover img.def{display:none} ul.pureCssMenu a:hover ul{display:block} ul.pureCssMenu span{ display:block; background-image:url(./images/arr_white.gif); background-position:right center; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-right:12px;} ul.pureCssMenu li:hover>a>span{ background-image:url(./images/arrv_white.gif); } ul.pureCssMenu a:hover span{ _background-image:url(./images/arrv_white.gif)} ul.pureCssMenu ul span,ul.pureCssMenu a:hover table span{background-image:url(./images/arr_white.gif)} </style> <!-- End PureCSSMenu.com STYLE --> and here is the html, witch is probably not even needed in this posted but i figure i would include it.. i just want that menu centered inside my website. <!-- Start PureCSSMenu.com MENU --> <ul class="pureCssMenu pureCssMenum"> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="home.html" target="scare">home</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">about</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#"><span>haunts</span><![if gt IE 6]></a><![endif]><!--[if lte IE 6]><table><tr><td><![endif]--> <ul class="pureCssMenum"> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">2009</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">2010</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">2011</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">2012</a></li> </ul> <!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]--></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">studio</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#"><span>products</span><![if gt IE 6]></a><![endif]><!--[if lte IE 6]><table><tr><td><![endif]--> <ul class="pureCssMenum"> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">nightmares</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">hauntworks</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">atmosfears</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">frightwears</a></li> </ul> <!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]--></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#"><span>links</span><![if gt IE 6]></a><![endif]><!--[if lte IE 6]><table><tr><td><![endif]--> <ul class="pureCssMenum"> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">haunts</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">suppliers</a></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">resources</a></li> </ul> <!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]--></li> <li class="pureCssMenui"><a class="pureCssMenui" href="#">contact</a></li> </ul> <a id="pcm" href="http://www.purecssmenu.com/">CSS Drop Down Menu by PureCSSMenu.com</a> <!-- End PureCSSMenu.com MENU --> thanks in advance for your time.

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  • Write a C++ program to encrypt and decrypt certain codes.

    - by Amber
    Step 1: Write a function int GetText(char[],int); which fills a character array from a requested file. That is, the function should prompt the user to input the filename, and then read up to the number of characters given as the second argument, terminating when the number has been reached or when the end of file is encountered. The file should then be closed. The number of characters placed in the array is then returned as the value of the function. Every character in the file should be transferred to the array. Whitespace should not be removed. When testing, assume that no more than 5000 characters will be read. The function should be placed in a file called coding.cpp while the main will be in ass5.cpp. To enable the prototypes to be accessible, the file coding.h contains the prototypes for all the functions that are to be written in coding.cpp for this assignment. (You may write other functions. If they are called from any of the functions in coding.h, they must appear in coding.cpp where their prototypes should also appear. Do not alter coding.h. Any other functions written for this assignment should be placed, along with their prototypes, with the main function.) Step 2: Write a function int SimplifyText(char[],int); which simplifies the text in the first argument, an array containing the number of characters as given in the second argument, by converting all alphabetic characters to lower case, removing all non-alpha characters, and replacing multiple whitespace by one blank. Any leading whitespace at the beginning of the array should be removed completely. The resulting number of characters should be returned as the value of the function. Note that another array cannot appear in the function (as the file does not contain one). For example, if the array contained the 29 characters "The 39 Steps" by John Buchan (with the " appearing in the array), the simplified text would be the steps by john buchan of length 24. The array should not contain a null character at the end. Step 3: Using the file test.txt, test your program so far. You will need to write a function void PrintText(const char[],int,int); that prints out the contents of the array, whose length is the second argument, breaking the lines to exactly the number of characters in the third argument. Be warned that, if the array contains newlines (as it would when read from a file), lines will be broken earlier than the specified length. Step 4: Write a function void Caesar(const char[],int,char[],int); which takes the first argument array, with length given by the second argument and codes it into the third argument array, using the shift given in the fourth argument. The shift must be performed cyclicly and must also be able to handle negative shifts. Shifts exceeding 26 can be reduced by modulo arithmetic. (Is C++'s modulo operations on negative numbers a problem here?) Demonstrate that the test file, as simplified, can be coded and decoded using a given shift by listing the original input text, the simplified text (indicating the new length), the coded text and finally the decoded text. Step 5: The permutation cypher does not limit the character substitution to just a shift. In fact, each of the 26 characters is coded to one of the others in an arbitrary way. So, for example, a might become f, b become q, c become d, but a letter never remains the same. How the letters are rearranged can be specified using a seed to the random number generator. The code can then be decoded, if the decoder has the same random number generator and knows the seed. Write the function void Permute(const char[],int,char[],unsigned long); with the same first three arguments as Caesar above, with the fourth argument being the seed. The function will have to make up a permutation table as follows: To find what a is coded as, generate a random number from 1 to 25. Add that to a to get the coded letter. Mark that letter as used. For b, generate 1 to 24, then step that many letters after b, ignoring the used letter if encountered. For c, generate 1 to 23, ignoring a or b's codes if encountered. Wrap around at z. Here's an example, for only the 6 letters a, b, c, d, e, f. For the letter a, generate, from 1-5, a 2. Then a - c. c is marked as used. For the letter b, generate, from 1-4, a 3. So count 3 from b, skipping c (since it is marked as used) yielding the coding of b - f. Mark f as used. For c, generate, from 1-3, a 3. So count 3 from c, skipping f, giving a. Note the wrap at the last letter back to the first. And so on, yielding a - c b - f c - a d - b (it got a 2) e - d f - e Thus, for a given seed, a translation table is required. To decode a piece of text, we need the table generated to be re-arranged so that the right hand column is in order. In fact you can just store the table in the reverse way (e.g., if a gets encoded to c, put a opposite c is the table). Write a function called void DePermute(const char[],int,char[], unsigned long); to reverse the permutation cypher. Again, test your functions using the test file. At this point, any main program used to test these functions will not be required as part of the assignment. The remainder of the assignment uses some of these functions, and needs its own main function. When submitted, all the above functions will be tested by the marker's own main function. Step 6: If the seed number is unknown, decoding is difficult. Write a main program which: (i) reads in a piece of text using GetText; (ii) simplifies the text using SimplifyText; (iii) prints the text using PrintText; (iv) requests two letters to swap. If we think 'a' in the text should be 'q' we would type aq as input. The text would be modified by swapping the a's and q's, and the text reprinted. Repeat this last step until the user considers the text is decoded, when the input of the same letter twice (requesting a letter to be swapped with itself) terminates the program. Step 7: If we have a large enough sample of coded text, we can use knowledge of English to aid in finding the permutation. The first clue is in the frequency of occurrence of each letter. Write a function void LetterFreq(const char[],int,freq[]); which takes the piece of text given as the first two arguments (same as above) and returns in the 26 long array of structs (the third argument), the table of the frequency of the 26 letters. This frequency table should be in decreasing order of popularity. A simple Selection Sort will suffice. (This will be described in lectures.) When printed, this summary would look something like v x r s z j p t n c l h u o i b w d g e a q y k f m 168106 68 66 59 54 48 45 44 35 26 24 22 20 20 20 17 13 12 12 4 4 1 0 0 0 The formatting will require the use of input/output manipulators. See the header file for the definition of the struct called freq. Modify the program so that, before each swap is requested, the current frequency of the letters is printed. This does not require further calls to LetterFreq, however. You may use the traditional order of regular letter frequencies (E T A I O N S H R D L U) as a guide when deciding what characters to exchange. Step 8: The decoding process can be made more difficult if blank is also coded. That is, consider the alphabet to be 27 letters. Rewrite LetterFreq and your main program to handle blank as another character to code. In the above frequency order, space usually comes first.

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  • Using libgrib2c in c++ application, linker error "Undefined reference to..."

    - by Rich
    EDIT: If you're going to be doing things with GRIB files I would recommend the GDAL library which is backed by the Open Source Geospatial Foundation. You will save yourself a lot of headache :) I'm using Qt creator in Ubuntu creating a c++ app. I am attempting to use an external lib, libgrib2c.a, that has a header grib2.h. Everything compiles, but when it tries to link I get the error: undefined reference to 'seekgb(_IO_FILE*, long, long, long*, long*) I have tried wrapping the header file with: extern "C"{ #include "grib2.h" } But it didn't fix anything so I figured that was not my problem. In the .pro file I have the line: include($${ROOT}/Shared/common/commonLibs.pri) and in commonLibs.pri I have: INCLUDEPATH+=$${ROOT}/external_libs/g2clib/include LIBS+=-L$${ROOT}/external_libs/g2clib/lib LIBS+=-lgrib2c I am not encountering an error finding the library. If I do a nm command on the libgrib2c.a I get: nm libgrib2c.a | grep seekgb seekgb.o: 00000000 T seekgb And when I run qmake with the additional argument of LIBS+=-Wl,--verbose I can find the lib file in the output: attempt to open /usr/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open /usr/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open /mnt/sdb1/ESMF/App/ESMF_App/../external_libs/linux/qwt_6.0.2/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open /mnt/sdb1/ESMF/App/ESMF_App/../external_libs/linux/qwt_6.0.2/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open ..//Shared/Config/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open ..//Shared/Config/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/libssh2/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/libssh2/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/openssl/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/openssl/lib/libgrib2c.a failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/g2clib/lib/libgrib2c.so failed attempt to open ..//external_libs/g2clib/lib/libgrib2c.a succeeded Although it doesn't show any of the .o files in the library is this because it is a c library in my c++ app? in the .cpp file that I am trying to use the library I have: #include "gribreader.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <external_libs/g2clib/include/grib2.h> #include <Shared/logging/Logger.hpp> //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /// Opens a GRIB file from disk. /// /// This function opens the grib file and searches through it for how many GRIB /// messages are contained as well as their starting locations. /// /// \param a_filePath. The path to the file to be opened. /// \return True if successful, false if not. //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ bool GRIBReader::OpenGRIB(std::string a_filePath) { LOG(notification)<<"Attempting to open grib file: "<< a_filePath; if(isOpen()) { CloseGRIB(); } m_filePath = a_filePath; m_filePtr = fopen(a_filePath.c_str(), "r"); if(m_filePtr == NULL) { LOG(error)<<"Unable to open file: " << a_filePath; return false; } LOG(notification)<<"Successfully opened GRIB file"; g2int currentMessageSize(1); g2int seekPosition(0); g2int lengthToBeginningOfGrib(0); g2int seekLength(32000); int i(0); int iterationLimit(300); m_GRIBMessageLocations.clear(); m_GRIBMessageSizes.clear(); while(i < iterationLimit) { seekgb(m_filePtr, seekPosition, seekLength, &lengthToBeginningOfGrib, &currentMessageSize); if(currentMessageSize != 0) { LOG(verbose) << "Adding GRIB message location " << lengthToBeginningOfGrib << " with length " << currentMessageSize; m_GRIBMessageLocations.push_back(lengthToBeginningOfGrib); m_GRIBMessageSizes.push_back(currentMessageSize); seekPosition = lengthToBeginningOfGrib + currentMessageSize; LOG(verbose) << "GRIB seek position moved to " << seekPosition; } else { LOG(notification)<<"End of GRIB file found, after "<< i << " GRIB messages."; break; } } if(i >= iterationLimit) { LOG(warning) << "The iteration limit of " << iterationLimit << "was reached while searching for GRIB messages"; } return true; } And the header grib2.h is as follows: #ifndef _grib2_H #define _grib2_H #include<stdio.h> #define G2_VERSION "g2clib-1.4.0" #ifdef __64BIT__ typedef int g2int; typedef unsigned int g2intu; #else typedef long g2int; typedef unsigned long g2intu; #endif typedef float g2float; struct gtemplate { g2int type; /* 3=Grid Defintion Template. */ /* 4=Product Defintion Template. */ /* 5=Data Representation Template. */ g2int num; /* template number. */ g2int maplen; /* number of entries in the static part */ /* of the template. */ g2int *map; /* num of octets of each entry in the */ /* static part of the template. */ g2int needext; /* indicates whether or not the template needs */ /* to be extended. */ g2int extlen; /* number of entries in the template extension. */ g2int *ext; /* num of octets of each entry in the extension */ /* part of the template. */ }; typedef struct gtemplate gtemplate; struct gribfield { g2int version,discipline; g2int *idsect; g2int idsectlen; unsigned char *local; g2int locallen; g2int ifldnum; g2int griddef,ngrdpts; g2int numoct_opt,interp_opt,num_opt; g2int *list_opt; g2int igdtnum,igdtlen; g2int *igdtmpl; g2int ipdtnum,ipdtlen; g2int *ipdtmpl; g2int num_coord; g2float *coord_list; g2int ndpts,idrtnum,idrtlen; g2int *idrtmpl; g2int unpacked; g2int expanded; g2int ibmap; g2int *bmap; g2float *fld; }; typedef struct gribfield gribfield; /* Prototypes for unpacking API */ void seekgb(FILE *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int *,g2int *); g2int g2_info(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int *,g2int *,g2int *); g2int g2_getfld(unsigned char *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ,gribfield **); void g2_free(gribfield *); /* Prototypes for packing API */ g2int g2_create(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int *); g2int g2_addlocal(unsigned char *,unsigned char *,g2int ); g2int g2_addgrid(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int *,g2int *,g2int ); g2int g2_addfield(unsigned char *,g2int ,g2int *, g2float *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int *, g2float *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int *); g2int g2_gribend(unsigned char *); /* Prototypes for supporting routines */ extern double int_power(double, g2int ); extern void mkieee(g2float *,g2int *,g2int); void rdieee(g2int *,g2float *,g2int ); extern gtemplate *getpdstemplate(g2int); extern gtemplate *extpdstemplate(g2int,g2int *); extern gtemplate *getdrstemplate(g2int); extern gtemplate *extdrstemplate(g2int,g2int *); extern gtemplate *getgridtemplate(g2int); extern gtemplate *extgridtemplate(g2int,g2int *); extern void simpack(g2float *,g2int,g2int *,unsigned char *,g2int *); extern void compack(g2float *,g2int,g2int,g2int *,unsigned char *,g2int *); void misspack(g2float *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int *, unsigned char *, g2int *); void gbit(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int ,g2int ); void sbit(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int ,g2int ); void gbits(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ); void sbits(unsigned char *,g2int *,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ,g2int ); int pack_gp(g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *, g2int *); #endif /* _grib2_H */ I have been scratching my head for two days on this. If anyone has an idea on what to do or can point me in some sort of direction, I'm stumped. Also, if you have any comments on how I can improve this post I'd love to hear them, kinda new at this posting thing. Usually I'm able to find an answer in the vast stores of knowledge already contained on the web.

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  • HTML/jQuery/CSS Drop Down Menu Issue / Safari

    - by mmundiff
    I have a drop down menu that is coded in HTML, CSS, and jQuery and it works fine in Firefox and IE but not in Safari, and also not in Firefox on Mac. The drop down displays inline as opposed to list-item for the drop down in Safari. Any ideas why? <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" > $(document).ready(function(){ $('#menu li').hover( function() { //$('ul', this).css('display', 'block'); $('ul', this).fadeIn(200); var src = $('img.item', this).attr('src').match(/[^\.]+/) + '_over.png'; $('img.item', this).attr('src', src); }, function() { //$('ul', this).css('display', 'none'); $('ul', this).fadeOut(350); var src = $('img.item', this).attr('src').replace('_over', ''); $('img.item', this).attr('src', src); }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> /* General */ body { arial, sans-serif; background-color: white; } * { padding: 0; margin: 0; } #menu{ white-space:nowrap; list-style:none; margin-left: 1px; } #menu ul { list-style: none; position:absolute; left:0; display:none; margin:0 -3px 0 -1px; padding:0; background: #000000; z-index: 500; margin-top: -4px; } #menu li{ display:inline; float: left; /* Added */ position:relative; } #menu li a { display: block; } #menu ul li { width:116px; float:left; border-top:1px dotted #666666; display: block; } #menu li ul { display: none; border-top: 1px black solid; text-align: left; } #menu ul a:hover { text-decoration:none; background: #efda83; color: #000000; } #menu ul a { text-decoration:none; display:block; height:15px; padding: 8px 5px; color:#efda83; font-size: 12px; } img{ border: 0 none; } .clear{ clear: both; } </style> </head> <body> <div> <ul id="menu"> <li ><a href="index.php"><img src="images/ssr_nav_home.png" class="item" alt="Home" /></a> </li> <li ><a href="about.php"><img src="images/ssr_nav_about.png" class="item" alt="About" /></a> <ul> <li><a href="about_contributors.php">Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="about_behind.php">Behind the Exhibit</a></li> <li><a href="about_sponsors.php">Sponsors</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li ><a href="exhibit_intro.php"><img class="item" src="images/ssr_nav_exhibit.png" alt="Exhibit" /></a> <ul> <li><a href="exhibit_intro.php">Intro</a></li> <li><a href="exhibit_silkroad.php">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="exhibit_western_regions.php">Western Regions</a></li> <li><a href="exhibit_daily_life.php">Daily Life</a></li> <li><a href="exhibit_burial_practices.php">Burial Practices</a></li> <li><a href="exhibit_relevance.php">Relevance</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li ><a href="visit.php"><img class="item" src="images/ssr_nav_visit.png" alt="Visit" /></a> <ul> <li><a href="visit_tickets.php">Tickets</a></li> <li><a href="visit_specials.php">Special Offers</a></li> <li><a href="visit_tours.php">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="visit_groups.php">Groups</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li ><a href="events.php"><img class="item" src="images/ssr_nav_events.png" alt="Events" /></a> <ul> <li><a href="events_lectures.php">Lecture Series</a></li> <li><a href="events_symposium.php">Symposium</a></li> <li><a href="kids_and_family.php">Kids &amp; Family</a></li> <li><a href="events_calendar.php">Event Calendar</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li ><a href="gallery.php"><img class="item" src="images/ssr_nav_images.png" alt="Gallery" /></a></li> <li ><a href="resources.php"><img class="item" src="images/ssr_nav_resources.png" alt="Resources" /></a> <ul> <li><a href="resources_teachers.php">For Teachers</a></li> <li><a href="kids_and_family.php">Kids &amp; Family</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.penn.museum/podcasts-and-videos/819-secrets-of-the-silk-road.html" rel="external">Podcasts &amp; Videos</a></li> <!-- <li><a href="map.php">Silk Road Map</a></li> <li><a href="resources_timeline.php">Timeline</a></li> --> <li><a href="resources_quiz.php">Quiz</a></li> <li><a href="glossary.php">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="blogs.php">Blog</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li ><a href="press.php"><img class="item" src="images/ssr_nav_press.png" alt="Press" /></a> <ul> <li><a href="press_release.php">Press Release</a></li> <li><a href="press_images.php">Press Images</a></li> <li><a href="press_bloggers.php">Bloggers</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> </body> </html>

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  • Intro Bar like stack overflow

    - by Dasa
    I have a simple top bar using jquery like the one on stackoverflow, but i want it to only appear on the first time a person visits the website. below is the HTML followed by the "bxSlider.js" file <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html> <head> <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.3.2/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="bxSlider.js"></script> <title>topbar</title> <style type="text/css" media="screen"> #message { font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; position:fixed; top:0px; left:0px; width:100%; z-index:105; text-align:center; color:white; padding:2px 0px 2px 0px; background-color:#8E1609; } #example1 { text-align: center; width: 80%; } .close-notify { white-space: nowrap; float:right; margin-right:10px; color:#fff; text-decoration:none; padding-left:3px; padding-right:3px } .close-notify a { color: #fff; } h4, p { margin:0px; padding:0px; } </style> </head> <body> <DIV ID='message' style="display: none;"> <DIV ID="example1"> <DIV CLASS="item"> <h4>Head 1</h4> <p>Text 1</p> </div><!-- end item --> <DIV CLASS="item"> <h4>Head 2</h4> <p>Text 2</p> </div><!-- end item --> </div><!-- end example1 --> <a href="#" CLASS="close-notify" onclick="closeNotice()">X</a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#message").fadeIn("slow"); $('#example1').bxSlider({ mode: 'slide', speed: 250, wrapper_CLASS: 'example1_container' }); }); function closeNotice() { $("#message").fadeOut("slow"); } </script> </body> </html> /** * * * bxSlider: Content slider / fade / ticker using the jQuery javascript library. * * Author: Steven Wanderski * Email: [email protected] * URL: http://bxslider.com * * **/ jQuery.fn.bxSlider = function(options){ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Declare variables and functions ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// var defaults = { mode: 'slide', speed: 500, auto: false, auto_direction: 'left', pause: 2500, controls: true, prev_text: 'prev', next_text: 'next', width: $(this).children().width(), prev_img: '', next_img: '', ticker_direction: 'left', wrapper_class: 'container' }; options = $.extend(defaults, options); if(options.mode == 'ticker'){ options.auto = true; } var $this = $(this); var $parent_width = options.width; var current = 0; var is_working = false; var child_count = $this.children().size(); var i = 0; var j = 0; var k = 0; function animate_next(){ is_working = true; $this.animate({'left':'-' + $parent_width * 2 + 'px'}, options.speed, function(){ $this.css({'left':'-' + $parent_width + 'px'}).children(':first').appendTo($this); is_working = false; }); } function animate_prev(){ is_working = true; $this.animate({'left': 0}, options.speed, function(){ $this.css({'left':'-' + $parent_width + 'px'}).children(':last').insertBefore($this.children(':first')); is_working = false; }); } function fade(direction){ if(direction == 'next'){ var last_before_switch = child_count - 1; var start_over = 0; var incr = k + 1; }else if(direction == 'prev'){ var last_before_switch = 0; var start_over = child_count -1; var incr = k - 1; } is_working = true; if(k == last_before_switch){ $this.children().eq(k).fadeTo(options.speed, 0); $this.children().eq(start_over).fadeTo(options.speed, 1, function(){ is_working = false; k = start_over; }); }else{ $this.children().eq(k).fadeTo(options.speed, 0); $this.children().eq(incr).fadeTo(options.speed, 1, function(){ is_working = false; k = incr; }); } } function add_controls(){ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Check if user selected images to use for next / prev ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// if(options.prev_img != '' || options.next_img != ''){ $this.parent().append('<a class="slider_prev" href=""><img src="' + options.prev_img + '" alt=""/></a><a class="slider_next" href=""><img src="' + options.next_img + '" alt="" /></a>'); }else{ $this.parent().append('<a class="slider_prev" href="">' + options.prev_text + '</a><a class="slider_next" href="">' + options.next_text + '</a>'); } $this.parent().find('.slider_prev').css({'float':'left', 'outline':'0', 'color':'yellow'}); $this.parent().find('.slider_next').css({'float':'right', 'outline':'0', 'color':'yellow'}); ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Accomodate padding-top for controls when elements are absolutely positioned (only in fade mode) ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// if(options.mode == 'fade'){ $this.parent().find('.slider_prev').css({'paddingTop' : $this.children().height()}) $this.parent().find('.slider_next').css({'paddingTop' : $this.children().height()}) } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Actions when user clicks next / prev buttons ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// $this.parent().find('.slider_next').click(function(){ if(!is_working){ if(options.mode == 'slide'){ animate_next(); if(options.auto){ clearInterval($.t); $.t = setInterval(function(){animate_next();}, options.pause); } }else if(options.mode == 'fade'){ fade('next'); if(options.auto){ clearInterval($.t); $.t = setInterval(function(){fade('next');}, options.pause); } } } return false; }); $this.parent().find('.slider_prev').click(function(){ if(!is_working){ if(options.mode == 'slide'){ animate_prev(); if(options.auto){ clearInterval($.t); $.t = setInterval(function(){animate_prev();}, options.pause); } }else if(options.mode == 'fade'){ fade('prev'); if(options.auto){ clearInterval($.t); $.t = setInterval(function(){fade('prev');}, options.pause); } } } return false; }); } function ticker() { if(options.ticker_direction == 'left'){ $this.animate({'left':'-' + $parent_width * 2 + 'px'}, options.speed, 'linear', function(){ $this.css({'left':'-' + $parent_width + 'px'}).children(':first').appendTo($this); ticker(); }); }else if(options.ticker_direction == 'right'){ $this.animate({'left': 0}, options.speed, 'linear', function(){ $this.css({'left':'-' + $parent_width + 'px'}).children(':last').insertBefore($this.children(':first')); ticker(); }); } } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Create content wrapper and set CSS ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// $this.wrap('<div class="' + options.wrapper_class + '"></div>'); //console.log($this.parent().css('paddingTop')); if(options.mode == 'slide' || options.mode == 'ticker'){ $this.parent().css({ 'overflow' : 'hidden', 'position' : 'relative', 'margin' : '0 auto', 'width' : options.width + 'px' }); $this.css({ 'width' : '999999px', 'position' : 'relative', 'left' : '-' + $parent_width + 'px' }); $this.children().css({ 'float' : 'left', 'width' : $parent_width }); $this.children(':last').insertBefore($this.children(':first')); }else if(options.mode == 'fade'){ $this.parent().css({ 'overflow' : 'hidden', 'position' : 'relative', 'width' : options.width + 'px' //'height' : $this.children().height() }); if(!options.controls){ $this.parent().css({'height' : $this.children().height()}); } $this.children().css({ 'position' : 'absolute', 'width' : $parent_width, 'listStyle' : 'none', 'opacity' : 0 }); $this.children(':first').css({ 'opacity' : 1 }); } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Check if user selected "auto" ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// if(!options.auto){ add_controls(); }else{ if(options.mode == 'ticker'){ ticker(); }else{ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Set a timed interval ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// if(options.mode == 'slide'){ if(options.auto_direction == 'left'){ $.t = setInterval(function(){animate_next();}, options.pause); }else if(options.auto_direction == 'right'){ $.t = setInterval(function(){animate_prev();}, options.pause); } }else if(options.mode == 'fade'){ if(options.auto_direction == 'left'){ $.t = setInterval(function(){fade('next');}, options.pause); }else if(options.auto_direction == 'right'){ $.t = setInterval(function(){fade('prev');}, options.pause); } } if(options.controls){ add_controls(); } } } }

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  • drop down menu will not display outside containing div in IE7..

    - by playahabana
    I am tearing my hair out over this, I have a dropdown menu using CSS and jQuery (thanks to Soh Tanaka) and it works perfectly in Firefox, Safari, Google chrome and I.E. 8, but in IE 7 it will not drop down outside the 'Banner div'. It drops below the nav div however. I have moved the nav div higher in the banner the result is the same, menu drops until it reaches the border of the banner div and then vanishes.... Below is the css. This is my first website and I have some limited understanding of what I am doing. The drop down menu includes transparent png's as links (I know, I know...but it's what the Boss wants...) please could someone take a quick scan at the below CSS and let me know what is wroong? Is this some form of the IE z-index bug? i have tried all different combinations of z-index and still I can't get a different result. . The html is below as well. Thankyou in advance #banner { position: relative; width: 62.5em; height: 12em; background-color: #46280A; background-image: url('images/includes/banner2.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; -moz-box-shadow: -4px 6px 8px #000; -webkit-box-shadow: -4px 6px 8px #000; box-shadow: -4px 6px 8px #000; /* For IE 8 */ -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(Strength=8, Direction=225, Color='#000000')"; /* For IE 5.5 - 7 */ filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(Strength=8, Direction=225, Color='#000000'); z-index: 1; } /*------------------------------------SCROLLER---------------------------------------------*/ #headlines{ position: absolute; top: 1.3em; right: 2.75em; overflow: hidden; height: 2.5em; width: 24em; background-color: #000000; display: block; z-index: 3; } #news{ position: relative; height: 3.1em; line-height: 2.5em; font-size: 0.8em color: #FFFF99; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; font-family: Georgia,Arial; } #scrollerglass{ position: absolute; top: 0.95em; right: 2em; height: 52px; width: 410px; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0em 0em 0em; line-height: 0.7em; text-align: center; background-image: url('images/includes/scrollerglass.png'); background-color: transparent; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; opacity: 20; z-index: 10; } #scrollerglass a i { visibility: hiddn ; } /-------------------------------------NAVIGATION-----------------------------------------/ #nav { position: absolute; top: 5.8em; left: 0.2em; font-family: trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: 3.75em; text-align: center; color: #FFFF00; z-index: 3; } ul.navlist { list-style: none; padding: 0em; margin: 1em; float: left; width: 62.5em; background: transparent; font-size: 1em; } ul.navlist li { position: relative; /*--Declare X and Y axis base for sub navigation--*/ float: left; margin: 0em 1.4em; padding: 0em 0.7em 0em 0em; z-index: 1; } ul.navlist li a{ display: block; text-decoration: none; float: left; border: 0px solid; } ul.navlist li img{ border: 0px solid; } ul.navlist li span { trigger styles--*/ width: 1.2em; height: 5.25em; float: left; background: url(images/links/downlogo.png) no-repeat center top; } ul.navlist li span.subhover { background-position: center bottom; cursor: pointer; } ul.navlist li ul.navdrop { list-style: none; position: absolute; float: left; top: 5.3em; left: -2.4em; height: 15.0em; width: 11.25em; margin: 0; padding: 0.5em 0em 0em 0em; display: none; background-position: center; background-image: url('images/includes/slider.jpg'); background-color: transparent; background-repeat: no-repeat; -moz-box-shadow: -4px 6px 8px #000; -webkit-box-shadow: -4px 6px 8px #000; box-shadow: -4px 6px 8px #000; /* For IE 8 */ -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(Strength=8, Direction=225, Color='#000000')"; /* For IE 5.5 - 7 */ filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(Strength=8, Direction=225, Color='#000000'); z-index:1; } ul.navlist li ul.navdrop li{ margin: 0em 2.3em 0em 0em; padding: 1em 0em 0em 0em; width: 8em; clear: both; } html ul.navlist li ul.navdrop li a { border: 0px solid; width: 11.25em; } html ul.navlist li ul.navdrop li a:hover { background: transparent; } <div id="banner"> <div id="headlines"> <div id="news"> Whatever we want to promote </div> </div> <div id="scrollerglass"> <a href="vintagecigars.php"> <i>------s-c-r-o-l-l-e-r - - - -l-i-n-k-s--------<br /> <br>------s-c-r-o-l-l-e-r - - - -l-i-n-k-s------</i></a> </div> <div id="nav"> <ul class="navmenu"> <li><a href="index.php"><img src="images/links/home.png" alt="Home" ></a></li> <li><a href="ourbar.php"><img src="images/links/ourbar.png" alt="Our Bar" ></a> <ul class="navdrop"> <li ><a href="ourcocktails.php"><img src="images/links/cockteles.png" alt="Our Cocktails" ></a></li> <li ><a href="celebrate.php"><img src="images/links/celebrate.png" alt="Celebrate in Style" ></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="ourcigars.php"><img src="images/links/ourcigars.png" alt="Our Cigars" ></a> <ul class="navdrop"> <li ><a href="edicioneslimitadas.php"><img src="images/links/edicioneslimitadas.png" alt="Edition Limitadas" ></a></li> <li ><a href="cigartasting.php"><img src="images/links/cigartasting.png" alt="Cigar Tastings" ></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="personalroller.php"><img src="images/links/personalcigar.png" alt="Personal Cigar Roller" ></a></li> <li><a href="galleryentrance.php"><img src="images/links/photogallery.png" alt="Photo Gallery" ></a></li> <li><a href="contactus.php"><img src="images/links/contactus.png" alt="Contact Us" ></a></li> </ul></div></div><!--end banner-->

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  • An Introduction to jQuery Templates

    - by Stephen Walther
    The goal of this blog entry is to provide you with enough information to start working with jQuery Templates. jQuery Templates enable you to display and manipulate data in the browser. For example, you can use jQuery Templates to format and display a set of database records that you have retrieved with an Ajax call. jQuery Templates supports a number of powerful features such as template tags, template composition, and wrapped templates. I’ll concentrate on the features that I think that you will find most useful. In order to focus on the jQuery Templates feature itself, this blog entry is server technology agnostic. All the samples use HTML pages instead of ASP.NET pages. In a future blog entry, I’ll focus on using jQuery Templates with ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC (You can do some pretty powerful things when jQuery Templates are used on the client and ASP.NET is used on the server). Introduction to jQuery Templates The jQuery Templates plugin was developed by the Microsoft ASP.NET team in collaboration with the open-source jQuery team. While working at Microsoft, I wrote the original proposal for jQuery Templates, Dave Reed wrote the original code, and Boris Moore wrote the final code. The jQuery team – especially John Resig – was very involved in each step of the process. Both the jQuery community and ASP.NET communities were very active in providing feedback. jQuery Templates will be included in the jQuery core library (the jQuery.js library) when jQuery 1.5 is released. Until jQuery 1.5 is released, you can download the jQuery Templates plugin from the jQuery Source Code Repository or you can use jQuery Templates directly from the ASP.NET CDN. The documentation for jQuery Templates is already included with the official jQuery documentation at http://api.jQuery.com. The main entry for jQuery templates is located under the topic plugins/templates. A Basic Sample of jQuery Templates Let’s start with a really simple sample of using jQuery Templates. We’ll use the plugin to display a list of books stored in a JavaScript array. Here’s the complete code: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html > <head> <title>Intro</title> <link href="0_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="pageContent"> <h1>ASP.NET Bookstore</h1> <div id="bookContainer"></div> </div> <script id="bookTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Create an array of books var books = [ { title: "ASP.NET 4 Unleashed", price: 37.79, picture: "AspNet4Unleashed.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashed.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET Kick Start", price: 4.00, picture: "AspNetKickStart.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed iPhone", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashedIPhone.jpg" }, ]; // Render the books using the template $("#bookTemplate").tmpl(books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); function formatPrice(price) { return "$" + price.toFixed(2); } </script> </body> </html> When you open this page in a browser, a list of books is displayed: There are several things going on in this page which require explanation. First, notice that the page uses both the jQuery 1.4.4 and jQuery Templates libraries. Both libraries are retrieved from the ASP.NET CDN: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> You can use the ASP.NET CDN for free (even for production websites). You can learn more about the files included on the ASP.NET CDN by visiting the ASP.NET CDN documentation page. Second, you should notice that the actual template is included in a script tag with a special MIME type: <script id="bookTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> </script> This template is displayed for each of the books rendered by the template. The template displays a book picture, title, and price. Notice that the SCRIPT tag which wraps the template has a MIME type of text/x-jQuery-tmpl. Why is the template wrapped in a SCRIPT tag and why the strange MIME type? When a browser encounters a SCRIPT tag with an unknown MIME type, it ignores the content of the tag. This is the behavior that you want with a template. You don’t want a browser to attempt to parse the contents of a template because this might cause side effects. For example, the template above includes an <img> tag with a src attribute that points at “BookPictures/${picture}”. You don’t want the browser to attempt to load an image at the URL “BookPictures/${picture}”. Instead, you want to prevent the browser from processing the IMG tag until the ${picture} expression is replaced by with the actual name of an image by the jQuery Templates plugin. If you are not worried about browser side-effects then you can wrap a template inside any HTML tag that you please. For example, the following DIV tag would also work with the jQuery Templates plugin: <div id="bookTemplate" style="display:none"> <div> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> </div> Notice that the DIV tag includes a style=”display:none” attribute to prevent the template from being displayed until the template is parsed by the jQuery Templates plugin. Third, notice that the expression ${…} is used to display the value of a JavaScript expression within a template. For example, the expression ${title} is used to display the value of the book title property. You can use any JavaScript function that you please within the ${…} expression. For example, in the template above, the book price is formatted with the help of the custom JavaScript formatPrice() function which is defined lower in the page. Fourth, and finally, the template is rendered with the help of the tmpl() method. The following statement selects the bookTemplate and renders an array of books using the bookTemplate. The results are appended to a DIV element named bookContainer by using the standard jQuery appendTo() method. $("#bookTemplate").tmpl(books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); Using Template Tags Within a template, you can use any of the following template tags. {{tmpl}} – Used for template composition. See the section below. {{wrap}} – Used for wrapped templates. See the section below. {{each}} – Used to iterate through a collection. {{if}} – Used to conditionally display template content. {{else}} – Used with {{if}} to conditionally display template content. {{html}} – Used to display the value of an HTML expression without encoding the value. Using ${…} or {{= }} performs HTML encoding automatically. {{= }}-- Used in exactly the same way as ${…}. {{! }} – Used for displaying comments. The contents of a {{!...}} tag are ignored. For example, imagine that you want to display a list of blog entries. Each blog entry could, possibly, have an associated list of categories. The following page illustrates how you can use the { if}} and {{each}} template tags to conditionally display categories for each blog entry:   <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>each</title> <link href="1_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="blogPostContainer"></div> <script id="blogPostTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <h1>${postTitle}</h1> <p> ${postEntry} </p> {{if categories}} Categories: {{each categories}} <i>${$value}</i> {{/each}} {{else}} Uncategorized {{/if}} </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var blogPosts = [ { postTitle: "How to fix a sink plunger in 5 minutes", postEntry: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.", categories: ["HowTo", "Sinks", "Plumbing"] }, { postTitle: "How to remove a broken lightbulb", postEntry: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.", categories: ["HowTo", "Lightbulbs", "Electricity"] }, { postTitle: "New associate website", postEntry: "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna." } ]; // Render the blog posts $("#blogPostTemplate").tmpl(blogPosts).appendTo("#blogPostContainer"); </script> </body> </html> When this page is opened in a web browser, the following list of blog posts and categories is displayed: Notice that the first and second blog entries have associated categories but the third blog entry does not. The third blog entry is “Uncategorized”. The template used to render the blog entries and categories looks like this: <script id="blogPostTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <h1>${postTitle}</h1> <p> ${postEntry} </p> {{if categories}} Categories: {{each categories}} <i>${$value}</i> {{/each}} {{else}} Uncategorized {{/if}} </script> Notice the special expression $value used within the {{each}} template tag. You can use $value to display the value of the current template item. In this case, $value is used to display the value of each category in the collection of categories. Template Composition When building a fancy page, you might want to build a template out of multiple templates. In other words, you might want to take advantage of template composition. For example, imagine that you want to display a list of products. Some of the products are being sold at their normal price and some of the products are on sale. In that case, you might want to use two different templates for displaying a product: a productTemplate and a productOnSaleTemplate. The following page illustrates how you can use the {{tmpl}} tag to build a template from multiple templates:   <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Composition</title> <link href="2_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="pageContainer"> <h1>Products</h1> <div id="productListContainer"></div> <!-- Show list of products using composition --> <script id="productListTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div> {{if onSale}} {{tmpl "#productOnSaleTemplate"}} {{else}} {{tmpl "#productTemplate"}} {{/if}} </div> </script> <!-- Show product --> <script id="productTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> ${name} </script> <!-- Show product on sale --> <script id="productOnSaleTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <b>${name}</b> <img src="images/on_sale.png" alt="On Sale" /> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var products = [ { name: "Laptop", onSale: false }, { name: "Apples", onSale: true }, { name: "Comb", onSale: false } ]; $("#productListTemplate").tmpl(products).appendTo("#productListContainer"); </script> </div> </body> </html>   In the page above, the main template used to display the list of products looks like this: <script id="productListTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div> {{if onSale}} {{tmpl "#productOnSaleTemplate"}} {{else}} {{tmpl "#productTemplate"}} {{/if}} </div> </script>   If a product is on sale then the product is displayed with the productOnSaleTemplate (which includes an on sale image): <script id="productOnSaleTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <b>${name}</b> <img src="images/on_sale.png" alt="On Sale" /> </script>   Otherwise, the product is displayed with the normal productTemplate (which does not include the on sale image): <script id="productTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> ${name} </script>   You can pass a parameter to the {{tmpl}} tag. The parameter becomes the data passed to the template rendered by the {{tmpl}} tag. For example, in the previous section, we used the {{each}} template tag to display a list of categories for each blog entry like this: <script id="blogPostTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <h1>${postTitle}</h1> <p> ${postEntry} </p> {{if categories}} Categories: {{each categories}} <i>${$value}</i> {{/each}} {{else}} Uncategorized {{/if}} </script>   Another way to create this template is to use template composition like this: <script id="blogPostTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <h1>${postTitle}</h1> <p> ${postEntry} </p> {{if categories}} Categories: {{tmpl(categories) "#categoryTemplate"}} {{else}} Uncategorized {{/if}} </script> <script id="categoryTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <i>${$data}</i> &nbsp; </script>   Using the {{each}} tag or {{tmpl}} tag is largely a matter of personal preference. Wrapped Templates The {{wrap}} template tag enables you to take a chunk of HTML and transform the HTML into another chunk of HTML (think easy XSLT). When you use the {{wrap}} tag, you work with two templates. The first template contains the HTML being transformed and the second template includes the filter expressions for transforming the HTML. For example, you can use the {{wrap}} template tag to transform a chunk of HTML into an interactive tab strip: When you click any of the tabs, you see the corresponding content. This tab strip was created with the following page: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Wrapped Templates</title> <style type="text/css"> body { font-family: Arial; background-color:black; } .tabs div { display:inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding:4px; background-color:gray; cursor:pointer; } .tabs div.tabState_true { background-color:white; border-bottom:1px solid white; } .tabBody { border-top:1px solid white; padding:10px; background-color:white; min-height:400px; width:400px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="tabsView"></div> <script id="tabsContent" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> {{wrap "#tabsWrap"}} <h3>Tab 1</h3> <div> Content of tab 1. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> <h3>Tab 2</h3> <div> Content of tab 2. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> <h3>Tab 3</h3> <div> Content of tab 3. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> {{/wrap}} </script> <script id="tabsWrap" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div class="tabs"> {{each $item.html("h3", true)}} <div class="tabState_${$index === selectedTabIndex}"> ${$value} </div> {{/each}} </div> <div class="tabBody"> {{html $item.html("div")[selectedTabIndex]}} </div> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Global for tracking selected tab var selectedTabIndex = 0; // Render the tab strip $("#tabsContent").tmpl().appendTo("#tabsView"); // When a tab is clicked, update the tab strip $("#tabsView") .delegate(".tabState_false", "click", function () { var templateItem = $.tmplItem(this); selectedTabIndex = $(this).index(); templateItem.update(); }); </script> </body> </html>   The “source” for the tab strip is contained in the following template: <script id="tabsContent" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> {{wrap "#tabsWrap"}} <h3>Tab 1</h3> <div> Content of tab 1. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> <h3>Tab 2</h3> <div> Content of tab 2. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> <h3>Tab 3</h3> <div> Content of tab 3. Lorem ipsum dolor <b>sit</b> amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. </div> {{/wrap}} </script>   The tab strip is created with a list of H3 elements (which represent each tab) and DIV elements (which represent the body of each tab). Notice that the HTML content is wrapped in the {{wrap}} template tag. This template tag points at the following tabsWrap template: <script id="tabsWrap" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div class="tabs"> {{each $item.html("h3", true)}} <div class="tabState_${$index === selectedTabIndex}"> ${$value} </div> {{/each}} </div> <div class="tabBody"> {{html $item.html("div")[selectedTabIndex]}} </div> </script> The tabs DIV contains all of the tabs. The {{each}} template tag is used to loop through each of the H3 elements from the source template and render a DIV tag that represents a particular tab. The template item html() method is used to filter content from the “source” HTML template. The html() method accepts a jQuery selector for its first parameter. The tabs are retrieved from the source template by using an h3 filter. The second parameter passed to the html() method – the textOnly parameter -- causes the filter to return the inner text of each h3 element. You can learn more about the html() method at the jQuery website (see the section on $item.html()). The tabBody DIV renders the body of the selected tab. Notice that the {{html}} template tag is used to display the tab body so that HTML content in the body won’t be HTML encoded. The html() method is used, once again, to grab all of the DIV elements from the source HTML template. The selectedTabIndex global variable is used to display the contents of the selected tab. Remote Templates A common feature request for jQuery templates is support for remote templates. Developers want to be able to separate templates into different files. Adding support for remote templates requires only a few lines of extra code (Dave Ward has a nice blog entry on this). For example, the following page uses a remote template from a file named BookTemplate.htm: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Remote Templates</title> <link href="0_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="pageContent"> <h1>ASP.NET Bookstore</h1> <div id="bookContainer"></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Create an array of books var books = [ { title: "ASP.NET 4 Unleashed", price: 37.79, picture: "AspNet4Unleashed.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashed.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET Kick Start", price: 4.00, picture: "AspNetKickStart.jpg" }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed iPhone", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashedIPhone.jpg" }, ]; // Get the remote template $.get("BookTemplate.htm", null, function (bookTemplate) { // Render the books using the remote template $.tmpl(bookTemplate, books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); }); function formatPrice(price) { return "$" + price.toFixed(2); } </script> </body> </html>   The remote template is retrieved (and rendered) with the following code: // Get the remote template $.get("BookTemplate.htm", null, function (bookTemplate) { // Render the books using the remote template $.tmpl(bookTemplate, books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); });   This code uses the standard jQuery $.get() method to get the BookTemplate.htm file from the server with an Ajax request. After the BookTemplate.htm file is successfully retrieved, the $.tmpl() method is used to render an array of books with the template. Here’s what the BookTemplate.htm file looks like: <div> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> Notice that the template in the BooksTemplate.htm file is not wrapped by a SCRIPT element. There is no need to wrap the template in this case because there is no possibility that the template will get interpreted before you want it to be interpreted. If you plan to use the bookTemplate multiple times – for example, you are paging or sorting the books -- then you should compile the template into a function and cache the compiled template function. For example, the following page can be used to page through a list of 100 products (using iPhone style More paging). <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Template Caching</title> <link href="6_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <h1>Products</h1> <div id="productContainer"></div> <button id="more">More</button> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Globals var pageIndex = 0; // Create an array of products var products = []; for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) { products.push({ name: "Product " + (i + 1) }); } // Get the remote template $.get("ProductTemplate.htm", null, function (productTemplate) { // Compile and cache the template $.template("productTemplate", productTemplate); // Render the products renderProducts(0); }); $("#more").click(function () { pageIndex++; renderProducts(); }); function renderProducts() { // Get page of products var pageOfProducts = products.slice(pageIndex * 5, pageIndex * 5 + 5); // Used cached productTemplate to render products $.tmpl("productTemplate", pageOfProducts).appendTo("#productContainer"); } function formatPrice(price) { return "$" + price.toFixed(2); } </script> </body> </html>   The ProductTemplate is retrieved from an external file named ProductTemplate.htm. This template is retrieved only once. Furthermore, it is compiled and cached with the help of the $.template() method: // Get the remote template $.get("ProductTemplate.htm", null, function (productTemplate) { // Compile and cache the template $.template("productTemplate", productTemplate); // Render the products renderProducts(0); });   The $.template() method compiles the HTML representation of the template into a JavaScript function and caches the template function with the name productTemplate. The cached template can be used by calling the $.tmp() method. The productTemplate is used in the renderProducts() method: function renderProducts() { // Get page of products var pageOfProducts = products.slice(pageIndex * 5, pageIndex * 5 + 5); // Used cached productTemplate to render products $.tmpl("productTemplate", pageOfProducts).appendTo("#productContainer"); } In the code above, the first parameter passed to the $.tmpl() method is the name of a cached template. Working with Template Items In this final section, I want to devote some space to discussing Template Items. A new Template Item is created for each rendered instance of a template. For example, if you are displaying a list of 100 products with a template, then 100 Template Items are created. A Template Item has the following properties and methods: data – The data associated with the Template Instance. For example, a product. tmpl – The template associated with the Template Instance. parent – The parent template item if the template is nested. nodes – The HTML content of the template. calls – Used by {{wrap}} template tag. nest – Used by {{tmpl}} template tag. wrap – Used to imperatively enable wrapped templates. html – Used to filter content from a wrapped template. See the above section on wrapped templates. update – Used to re-render a template item. The last method – the update() method -- is especially interesting because it enables you to re-render a template item with new data or even a new template. For example, the following page displays a list of books. When you hover your mouse over any of the books, additional book details are displayed. In the following screenshot, details for ASP.NET Kick Start are displayed. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Template Item</title> <link href="0_Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div id="pageContent"> <h1>ASP.NET Bookstore</h1> <div id="bookContainer"></div> </div> <script id="bookTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div class="bookItem"> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} </div> </script> <script id="bookDetailsTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"> <div class="bookItem"> <img src="BookPictures/${picture}" alt="" /> <h2>${title}</h2> price: ${formatPrice(price)} <p> ${description} </p> </div> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.templates/beta1/jquery.tmpl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Create an array of books var books = [ { title: "ASP.NET 4 Unleashed", price: 37.79, picture: "AspNet4Unleashed.jpg", description: "The most comprehensive book on Microsoft’s new ASP.NET 4.. " }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashed.jpg", description: "Writing for professional programmers, Walther explains the crucial concepts that make the Model-View-Controller (MVC) development paradigm work…" }, { title: "ASP.NET Kick Start", price: 4.00, picture: "AspNetKickStart.jpg", description: "Visual Studio .NET is the premier development environment for creating .NET applications…." }, { title: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed iPhone", price: 44.99, picture: "AspNetMvcUnleashedIPhone.jpg", description: "ASP.NET MVC Unleashed for the iPhone…" }, ]; // Render the books using the template $("#bookTemplate").tmpl(books).appendTo("#bookContainer"); // Get compiled details template var bookDetailsTemplate = $("#bookDetailsTemplate").template(); // Add hover handler $(".bookItem").mouseenter(function () { // Get template item associated with DIV var templateItem = $(this).tmplItem(); // Change template to compiled template templateItem.tmpl = bookDetailsTemplate; // Re-render template templateItem.update(); }); function formatPrice(price) { return "$" + price.toFixed(2); } </script> </body> </html>   There are two templates used to display a book: bookTemplate and bookDetailsTemplate. When you hover your mouse over a template item, the standard bookTemplate is swapped out for the bookDetailsTemplate. The bookDetailsTemplate displays a book description. The books are rendered with the bookTemplate with the following line of code: // Render the books using the template $("#bookTemplate").tmpl(books).appendTo("#bookContainer");   The following code is used to swap the bookTemplate and the bookDetailsTemplate to show details for a book: // Get compiled details template var bookDetailsTemplate = $("#bookDetailsTemplate").template(); // Add hover handler $(".bookItem").mouseenter(function () { // Get template item associated with DIV var templateItem = $(this).tmplItem(); // Change template to compiled template templateItem.tmpl = bookDetailsTemplate; // Re-render template templateItem.update(); });   When you hover your mouse over a DIV element rendered by the bookTemplate, the mouseenter handler executes. First, this handler retrieves the Template Item associated with the DIV element by calling the tmplItem() method. The tmplItem() method returns a Template Item. Next, a new template is assigned to the Template Item. Notice that a compiled version of the bookDetailsTemplate is assigned to the Template Item’s tmpl property. The template is compiled earlier in the code by calling the template() method. Finally, the Template Item update() method is called to re-render the Template Item with the bookDetailsTemplate instead of the original bookTemplate. Summary This is a long blog entry and I still have not managed to cover all of the features of jQuery Templates J However, I’ve tried to cover the most important features of jQuery Templates such as template composition, template wrapping, and template items. To learn more about jQuery Templates, I recommend that you look at the documentation for jQuery Templates at the official jQuery website. Another great way to learn more about jQuery Templates is to look at the (unminified) source code.

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  • What's New in ASP.NET 4

    - by Navaneeth
    The .NET Framework version 4 includes enhancements for ASP.NET 4 in targeted areas. Visual Studio 2010 and Microsoft Visual Web Developer Express also include enhancements and new features for improved Web development. This document provides an overview of many of the new features that are included in the upcoming release. This topic contains the following sections: ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET Web Forms ASP.NET MVC Dynamic Data ASP.NET Chart Control Visual Web Developer Enhancements Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET 4 introduces many features that improve core ASP.NET services such as output caching and session state storage. Extensible Output Caching Since the time that ASP.NET 1.0 was released, output caching has enabled developers to store the generated output of pages, controls, and HTTP responses in memory. On subsequent Web requests, ASP.NET can serve content more quickly by retrieving the generated output from memory instead of regenerating the output from scratch. However, this approach has a limitation — generated content always has to be stored in memory. On servers that experience heavy traffic, the memory requirements for output caching can compete with memory requirements for other parts of a Web application. ASP.NET 4 adds extensibility to output caching that enables you to configure one or more custom output-cache providers. Output-cache providers can use any storage mechanism to persist HTML content. These storage options can include local or remote disks, cloud storage, and distributed cache engines. Output-cache provider extensibility in ASP.NET 4 lets you design more aggressive and more intelligent output-caching strategies for Web sites. For example, you can create an output-cache provider that caches the "Top 10" pages of a site in memory, while caching pages that get lower traffic on disk. Alternatively, you can cache every vary-by combination for a rendered page, but use a distributed cache so that the memory consumption is offloaded from front-end Web servers. You create a custom output-cache provider as a class that derives from the OutputCacheProvider type. You can then configure the provider in the Web.config file by using the new providers subsection of the outputCache element For more information and for examples that show how to configure the output cache, see outputCache Element for caching (ASP.NET Settings Schema). For more information about the classes that support caching, see the documentation for the OutputCache and OutputCacheProvider classes. By default, in ASP.NET 4, all HTTP responses, rendered pages, and controls use the in-memory output cache. The defaultProvider attribute for ASP.NET is AspNetInternalProvider. You can change the default output-cache provider used for a Web application by specifying a different provider name for defaultProvider attribute. In addition, you can select different output-cache providers for individual control and for individual requests and programmatically specify which provider to use. For more information, see the HttpApplication.GetOutputCacheProviderName(HttpContext) method. The easiest way to choose a different output-cache provider for different Web user controls is to do so declaratively by using the new providerName attribute in a page or control directive, as shown in the following example: <%@ OutputCache Duration="60" VaryByParam="None" providerName="DiskCache" %> Preloading Web Applications Some Web applications must load large amounts of data or must perform expensive initialization processing before serving the first request. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, for these situations you had to devise custom approaches to "wake up" an ASP.NET application and then run initialization code during the Application_Load method in the Global.asax file. To address this scenario, a new application preload manager (autostart feature) is available when ASP.NET 4 runs on IIS 7.5 on Windows Server 2008 R2. The preload feature provides a controlled approach for starting up an application pool, initializing an ASP.NET application, and then accepting HTTP requests. It lets you perform expensive application initialization prior to processing the first HTTP request. For example, you can use the application preload manager to initialize an application and then signal a load-balancer that the application was initialized and ready to accept HTTP traffic. To use the application preload manager, an IIS administrator sets an application pool in IIS 7.5 to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <applicationPools> <add name="MyApplicationPool" startMode="AlwaysRunning" /> </applicationPools> Because a single application pool can contain multiple applications, you specify individual applications to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <sites> <site name="MySite" id="1"> <application path="/" serviceAutoStartEnabled="true" serviceAutoStartProvider="PrewarmMyCache" > <!-- Additional content --> </application> </site> </sites> <!-- Additional content --> <serviceAutoStartProviders> <add name="PrewarmMyCache" type="MyNamespace.CustomInitialization, MyLibrary" /> </serviceAutoStartProviders> When an IIS 7.5 server is cold-started or when an individual application pool is recycled, IIS 7.5 uses the information in the applicationHost.config file to determine which Web applications have to be automatically started. For each application that is marked for preload, IIS7.5 sends a request to ASP.NET 4 to start the application in a state during which the application temporarily does not accept HTTP requests. When it is in this state, ASP.NET instantiates the type defined by the serviceAutoStartProvider attribute (as shown in the previous example) and calls into its public entry point. You create a managed preload type that has the required entry point by implementing the IProcessHostPreloadClient interface, as shown in the following example: public class CustomInitialization : System.Web.Hosting.IProcessHostPreloadClient { public void Preload(string[] parameters) { // Perform initialization. } } After your initialization code runs in the Preload method and after the method returns, the ASP.NET application is ready to process requests. Permanently Redirecting a Page Content in Web applications is often moved over the lifetime of the application. This can lead to links to be out of date, such as the links that are returned by search engines. In ASP.NET, developers have traditionally handled requests to old URLs by using the Redirect method to forward a request to the new URL. However, the Redirect method issues an HTTP 302 (Found) response (which is used for a temporary redirect). This results in an extra HTTP round trip. ASP.NET 4 adds a RedirectPermanent helper method that makes it easy to issue HTTP 301 (Moved Permanently) responses, as in the following example: RedirectPermanent("/newpath/foroldcontent.aspx"); Search engines and other user agents that recognize permanent redirects will store the new URL that is associated with the content, which eliminates the unnecessary round trip made by the browser for temporary redirects. Session State Compression By default, ASP.NET provides two options for storing session state across a Web farm. The first option is a session state provider that invokes an out-of-process session state server. The second option is a session state provider that stores data in a Microsoft SQL Server database. Because both options store state information outside a Web application's worker process, session state has to be serialized before it is sent to remote storage. If a large amount of data is saved in session state, the size of the serialized data can become very large. ASP.NET 4 introduces a new compression option for both kinds of out-of-process session state providers. By using this option, applications that have spare CPU cycles on Web servers can achieve substantial reductions in the size of serialized session state data. You can set this option using the new compressionEnabled attribute of the sessionState element in the configuration file. When the compressionEnabled configuration option is set to true, ASP.NET compresses (and decompresses) serialized session state by using the .NET Framework GZipStreamclass. The following example shows how to set this attribute. <sessionState mode="SqlServer" sqlConnectionString="data source=dbserver;Initial Catalog=aspnetstate" allowCustomSqlDatabase="true" compressionEnabled="true" /> ASP.NET Web Forms Web Forms has been a core feature in ASP.NET since the release of ASP.NET 1.0. Many enhancements have been in this area for ASP.NET 4, such as the following: The ability to set meta tags. More control over view state. Support for recently introduced browsers and devices. Easier ways to work with browser capabilities. Support for using ASP.NET routing with Web Forms. More control over generated IDs. The ability to persist selected rows in data controls. More control over rendered HTML in the FormView and ListView controls. Filtering support for data source controls. Enhanced support for Web standards and accessibility Setting Meta Tags with the Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription Properties Two properties have been added to the Page class: MetaKeywords and MetaDescription. These two properties represent corresponding meta tags in the HTML rendered for a page, as shown in the following example: <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title> <meta name="keywords" content="keyword1, keyword2' /> <meta name="description" content="Description of my page" /> </head> These two properties work like the Title property does, and they can be set in the @ Page directive. For more information, see Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription. Enabling View State for Individual Controls A new property has been added to the Control class: ViewStateMode. You can use this property to disable view state for all controls on a page except those for which you explicitly enable view state. View state data is included in a page's HTML and increases the amount of time it takes to send a page to the client and post it back. Storing more view state than is necessary can cause significant decrease in performance. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, you could reduce the impact of view state on a page's performance by disabling view state for specific controls. But sometimes it is easier to enable view state for a few controls that need it instead of disabling it for many that do not need it. For more information, see Control.ViewStateMode. Support for Recently Introduced Browsers and Devices ASP.NET includes a feature that is named browser capabilities that lets you determine the capabilities of the browser that a user is using. Browser capabilities are represented by the HttpBrowserCapabilities object which is stored in the HttpRequest.Browser property. Information about a particular browser's capabilities is defined by a browser definition file. In ASP.NET 4, these browser definition files have been updated to contain information about recently introduced browsers and devices such as Google Chrome, Research in Motion BlackBerry smart phones, and Apple iPhone. Existing browser definition files have also been updated. For more information, see How to: Upgrade an ASP.NET Web Application to ASP.NET 4 and ASP.NET Web Server Controls and Browser Capabilities. The browser definition files that are included with ASP.NET 4 are shown in the following list: •blackberry.browser •chrome.browser •Default.browser •firefox.browser •gateway.browser •generic.browser •ie.browser •iemobile.browser •iphone.browser •opera.browser •safari.browser A New Way to Define Browser Capabilities ASP.NET 4 includes a new feature referred to as browser capabilities providers. As the name suggests, this lets you build a provider that in turn lets you write custom code to determine browser capabilities. In ASP.NET version 3.5 Service Pack 1, you define browser capabilities in an XML file. This file resides in a machine-level folder or an application-level folder. Most developers do not need to customize these files, but for those who do, the provider approach can be easier than dealing with complex XML syntax. The provider approach makes it possible to simplify the process by implementing a common browser definition syntax, or a database that contains up-to-date browser definitions, or even a Web service for such a database. For more information about the new browser capabilities provider, see the What's New for ASP.NET 4 White Paper. Routing in ASP.NET 4 ASP.NET 4 adds built-in support for routing with Web Forms. Routing is a feature that was introduced with ASP.NET 3.5 SP1 and lets you configure an application to use URLs that are meaningful to users and to search engines because they do not have to specify physical file names. This can make your site more user-friendly and your site content more discoverable by search engines. For example, the URL for a page that displays product categories in your application might look like the following example: http://website/products.aspx?categoryid=12 By using routing, you can use the following URL to render the same information: http://website/products/software The second URL lets the user know what to expect and can result in significantly improved rankings in search engine results. the new features include the following: The PageRouteHandler class is a simple HTTP handler that you use when you define routes. You no longer have to write a custom route handler. The HttpRequest.RequestContext and Page.RouteData properties make it easier to access information that is passed in URL parameters. The RouteUrl expression provides a simple way to create a routed URL in markup. The RouteValue expression provides a simple way to extract URL parameter values in markup. The RouteParameter class makes it easier to pass URL parameter values to a query for a data source control (similar to FormParameter). You no longer have to change the Web.config file to enable routing. For more information about routing, see the following topics: ASP.NET Routing Walkthrough: Using ASP.NET Routing in a Web Forms Application How to: Define Routes for Web Forms Applications How to: Construct URLs from Routes How to: Access URL Parameters in a Routed Page Setting Client IDs The new ClientIDMode property makes it easier to write client script that references HTML elements rendered for server controls. Increasing use of Microsoft Ajax makes the need to do this more common. For example, you may have a data control that renders a long list of products with prices and you want to use client script to make a Web service call and update individual prices in the list as they change without refreshing the entire page. Typically you get a reference to an HTML element in client script by using the document.GetElementById method. You pass to this method the value of the id attribute of the HTML element you want to reference. In the case of elements that are rendered for ASP.NET server controls earlier versions of ASP.NET could make this difficult or impossible. You were not always able to predict what id values ASP.NET would generate, or ASP.NET could generate very long id values. The problem was especially difficult for data controls that would generate multiple rows for a single instance of the control in your markup. ASP.NET 4 adds two new algorithms for generating id attributes. These algorithms can generate id attributes that are easier to work with in client script because they are more predictable and that are easier to work with because they are simpler. For more information about how to use the new algorithms, see the following topics: ASP.NET Web Server Control Identification Walkthrough: Making Data-Bound Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript Walkthrough: Making Controls Located in Web User Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript How to: Access Controls from JavaScript by ID Persisting Row Selection in Data Controls The GridView and ListView controls enable users to select a row. In previous versions of ASP.NET, row selection was based on the row index on the page. For example, if you select the third item on page 1 and then move to page 2, the third item on page 2 is selected. In most cases, is more desirable not to select any rows on page 2. ASP.NET 4 supports Persisted Selection, a new feature that was initially supported only in Dynamic Data projects in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1. When this feature is enabled, the selected item is based on the row data key. This means that if you select the third row on page 1 and move to page 2, nothing is selected on page 2. When you move back to page 1, the third row is still selected. This is a much more natural behavior than the behavior in earlier versions of ASP.NET. Persisted selection is now supported for the GridView and ListView controls in all projects. You can enable this feature in the GridView control, for example, by setting the EnablePersistedSelection property, as shown in the following example: <asp:GridView id="GridView2" runat="server" PersistedSelection="true"> </asp:GridView> FormView Control Enhancements The FormView control is enhanced to make it easier to style the content of the control with CSS. In previous versions of ASP.NET, the FormView control rendered it contents using an item template. This made styling more difficult in the markup because unexpected table row and table cell tags were rendered by the control. The FormView control supports RenderOuterTable, a property in ASP.NET 4. When this property is set to false, as show in the following example, the table tags are not rendered. This makes it easier to apply CSS style to the contents of the control. <asp:FormView ID="FormView1" runat="server" RenderTable="false"> For more information, see FormView Web Server Control Overview. ListView Control Enhancements The ListView control, which was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5, has all the functionality of the GridView control while giving you complete control over the output. This control has been made easier to use in ASP.NET 4. The earlier version of the control required that you specify a layout template that contained a server control with a known ID. The following markup shows a typical example of how to use the ListView control in ASP.NET 3.5. <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <LayoutTemplate> <asp:PlaceHolder ID="ItemPlaceHolder" runat="server"></asp:PlaceHolder> </LayoutTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> In ASP.NET 4, the ListView control does not require a layout template. The markup shown in the previous example can be replaced with the following markup: <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> For more information, see ListView Web Server Control Overview. Filtering Data with the QueryExtender Control A very common task for developers who create data-driven Web pages is to filter data. This traditionally has been performed by building Where clauses in data source controls. This approach can be complicated, and in some cases the Where syntax does not let you take advantage of the full functionality of the underlying database. To make filtering easier, a new QueryExtender control has been added in ASP.NET 4. This control can be added to EntityDataSource or LinqDataSource controls in order to filter the data returned by these controls. Because the QueryExtender control relies on LINQ, but you do not to need to know how to write LINQ queries to use the query extender. The QueryExtender control supports a variety of filter options. The following lists QueryExtender filter options. Term Definition SearchExpression Searches a field or fields for string values and compares them to a specified string value. RangeExpression Searches a field or fields for values in a range specified by a pair of values. PropertyExpression Compares a specified value to a property value in a field. If the expression evaluates to true, the data that is being examined is returned. OrderByExpression Sorts data by a specified column and sort direction. CustomExpression Calls a function that defines custom filter in the page. For more information, see QueryExtenderQueryExtender Web Server Control Overview. Enhanced Support for Web Standards and Accessibility Earlier versions of ASP.NET controls sometimes render markup that does not conform to HTML, XHTML, or accessibility standards. ASP.NET 4 eliminates most of these exceptions. For details about how the HTML that is rendered by each control meets accessibility standards, see ASP.NET Controls and Accessibility. CSS for Controls that Can be Disabled In ASP.NET 3.5, when a control is disabled (see WebControl.Enabled), a disabled attribute is added to the rendered HTML element. For example, the following markup creates a Label control that is disabled: <asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server"   Text="Test" Enabled="false" /> In ASP.NET 3.5, the previous control settings generate the following HTML: <span id="Label1" disabled="disabled">Test</span> In HTML 4.01, the disabled attribute is not considered valid on span elements. It is valid only on input elements because it specifies that they cannot be accessed. On display-only elements such as span elements, browsers typically support rendering for a disabled appearance, but a Web page that relies on this non-standard behavior is not robust according to accessibility standards. For display-only elements, you should use CSS to indicate a disabled visual appearance. Therefore, by default ASP.NET 4 generates the following HTML for the control settings shown previously: <span id="Label1" class="aspNetDisabled">Test</span> You can change the value of the class attribute that is rendered by default when a control is disabled by setting the DisabledCssClass property. CSS for Validation Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, validation controls render a default color of red as an inline style. For example, the following markup creates a RequiredFieldValidator control: <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server"   ErrorMessage="Required Field" ControlToValidate="RadioButtonList1" /> ASP.NET 3.5 renders the following HTML for the validator control: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1"   style="color:Red;visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> By default, ASP.NET 4 does not render an inline style to set the color to red. An inline style is used only to hide or show the validator, as shown in the following example: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1"   style"visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> Therefore, ASP.NET 4 does not automatically show error messages in red. For information about how to use CSS to specify a visual style for a validation control, see Validating User Input in ASP.NET Web Pages. CSS for the Hidden Fields Div Element ASP.NET uses hidden fields to store state information such as view state and control state. These hidden fields are contained by a div element. In ASP.NET 3.5, this div element does not have a class attribute or an id attribute. Therefore, CSS rules that affect all div elements could unintentionally cause this div to be visible. To avoid this problem, ASP.NET 4 renders the div element for hidden fields with a CSS class that you can use to differentiate the hidden fields div from others. The new classvalue is shown in the following example: <div class="aspNetHidden"> CSS for the Table, Image, and ImageButton Controls By default, in ASP.NET 3.5, some controls set the border attribute of rendered HTML to zero (0). The following example shows HTML that is generated by the Table control in ASP.NET 3.5: <table id="Table2" border="0"> The Image control and the ImageButton control also do this. Because this is not necessary and provides visual formatting information that should be provided by using CSS, the attribute is not generated in ASP.NET 4. CSS for the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress controls do not support expando attributes. This makes it impossible to set a CSS class on the HTMLelements that they render. In ASP.NET 4 these controls have been changed to accept expando attributes, as shown in the following example: <asp:UpdatePanel runat="server" class="myStyle"> </asp:UpdatePanel> The following HTML is rendered for this markup: <div id="ctl00_MainContent_UpdatePanel1" class="expandoclass"> </div> Eliminating Unnecessary Outer Tables In ASP.NET 3.5, the HTML that is rendered for the following controls is wrapped in a table element whose purpose is to apply inline styles to the entire control: FormView Login PasswordRecovery ChangePassword If you use templates to customize the appearance of these controls, you can specify CSS styles in the markup that you provide in the templates. In that case, no extra outer table is required. In ASP.NET 4, you can prevent the table from being rendered by setting the new RenderOuterTable property to false. Layout Templates for Wizard Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the Wizard and CreateUserWizard controls generate an HTML table element that is used for visual formatting. In ASP.NET 4 you can use a LayoutTemplate element to specify the layout. If you do this, the HTML table element is not generated. In the template, you create placeholder controls to indicate where items should be dynamically inserted into the control. (This is similar to how the template model for the ListView control works.) For more information, see the Wizard.LayoutTemplate property. New HTML Formatting Options for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList Controls ASP.NET 3.5 uses HTML table elements to format the output for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList controls. To provide an alternative that does not use tables for visual formatting, ASP.NET 4 adds two new options to the RepeatLayout enumeration: UnorderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ul and li elements instead of a table. OrderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ol and li elements instead of a table. For examples of HTML that is rendered for the new options, see the RepeatLayout enumeration. Header and Footer Elements for the Table Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Table control can be configured to render thead and tfoot elements by setting the TableSection property of the TableHeaderRow class and the TableFooterRow class. In ASP.NET 4 these properties are set to the appropriate values by default. CSS and ARIA Support for the Menu Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Menu control uses HTML table elements for visual formatting, and in some configurations it is not keyboard-accessible. ASP.NET 4 addresses these problems and improves accessibility in the following ways: The generated HTML is structured as an unordered list (ul and li elements). CSS is used for visual formatting. The menu behaves in accordance with ARIA standards for keyboard access. You can use arrow keys to navigate menu items. (For information about ARIA, see Accessibility in Visual Studio and ASP.NET.) ARIA role and property attributes are added to the generated HTML. (Attributes are added by using JavaScript instead of included in the HTML, to avoid generating HTML that would cause markup validation errors.) Styles for the Menu control are rendered in a style block at the top of the page, instead of inline with the rendered HTML elements. If you want to use a separate CSS file so that you can modify the menu styles, you can set the Menu control's new IncludeStyleBlock property to false, in which case the style block is not generated. Valid XHTML for the HtmlForm Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the HtmlForm control (which is created implicitly by the <form runat="server"> tag) renders an HTML form element that has both name and id attributes. The name attribute is deprecated in XHTML 1.1. Therefore, this control does not render the name attribute in ASP.NET 4. Maintaining Backward Compatibility in Control Rendering An existing ASP.NET Web site might have code in it that assumes that controls are rendering HTML the way they do in ASP.NET 3.5. To avoid causing backward compatibility problems when you upgrade the site to ASP.NET 4, you can have ASP.NET continue to generate HTML the way it does in ASP.NET 3.5 after you upgrade the site. To do so, you can set the controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion attribute of the pages element to "3.5" in the Web.config file of an ASP.NET 4 Web site, as shown in the following example: <system.web>   <pages controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion="3.5"/> </system.web> If this setting is omitted, the default value is the same as the version of ASP.NET that the Web site targets. (For information about multi-targeting in ASP.NET, see .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects.) ASP.NET MVC ASP.NET MVC helps Web developers build compelling standards-based Web sites that are easy to maintain because it decreases the dependency among application layers by using the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern. MVC provides complete control over the page markup. It also improves testability by inherently supporting Test Driven Development (TDD). Web sites created using ASP.NET MVC have a modular architecture. This allows members of a team to work independently on the various modules and can be used to improve collaboration. For example, developers can work on the model and controller layers (data and logic), while the designer work on the view (presentation). For tutorials, walkthroughs, conceptual content, code samples, and a complete API reference, see ASP.NET MVC 2. Dynamic Data Dynamic Data was introduced in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 release in mid-2008. This feature provides many enhancements for creating data-driven applications, such as the following: A RAD experience for quickly building a data-driven Web site. Automatic validation that is based on constraints defined in the data model. The ability to easily change the markup that is generated for fields in the GridView and DetailsView controls by using field templates that are part of your Dynamic Data project. For ASP.NET 4, Dynamic Data has been enhanced to give developers even more power for quickly building data-driven Web sites. For more information, see ASP.NET Dynamic Data Content Map. Enabling Dynamic Data for Individual Data-Bound Controls in Existing Web Applications You can use Dynamic Data features in existing ASP.NET Web applications that do not use scaffolding by enabling Dynamic Data for individual data-bound controls. Dynamic Data provides the presentation and data layer support for rendering these controls. When you enable Dynamic Data for data-bound controls, you get the following benefits: Setting default values for data fields. Dynamic Data enables you to provide default values at run time for fields in a data control. Interacting with the database without creating and registering a data model. Automatically validating the data that is entered by the user without writing any code. For more information, see Walkthrough: Enabling Dynamic Data in ASP.NET Data-Bound Controls. New Field Templates for URLs and E-mail Addresses ASP.NET 4 introduces two new built-in field templates, EmailAddress.ascx and Url.ascx. These templates are used for fields that are marked as EmailAddress or Url using the DataTypeAttribute attribute. For EmailAddress objects, the field is displayed as a hyperlink that is created by using the mailto: protocol. When users click the link, it opens the user's e-mail client and creates a skeleton message. Objects typed as Url are displayed as ordinary hyperlinks. The following example shows how to mark fields. [DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)] public object HomeEmail { get; set; } [DataType(DataType.Url)] public object Website { get; set; } Creating Links with the DynamicHyperLink Control Dynamic Data uses the new routing feature that was added in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 to control the URLs that users see when they access the Web site. The new DynamicHyperLink control makes it easy to build links to pages in a Dynamic Data site. For information, see How to: Create Table Action Links in Dynamic Data Support for Inheritance in the Data Model Both the ADO.NET Entity Framework and LINQ to SQL support inheritance in their data models. An example of this might be a database that has an InsurancePolicy table. It might also contain CarPolicy and HousePolicy tables that have the same fields as InsurancePolicy and then add more fields. Dynamic Data has been modified to understand inherited objects in the data model and to support scaffolding for the inherited tables. For more information, see Walkthrough: Mapping Table-per-Hierarchy Inheritance in Dynamic Data. Support for Many-to-Many Relationships (Entity Framework Only) The Entity Framework has rich support for many-to-many relationships between tables, which is implemented by exposing the relationship as a collection on an Entity object. New field templates (ManyToMany.ascx and ManyToMany_Edit.ascx) have been added to provide support for displaying and editing data that is involved in many-to-many relationships. For more information, see Working with Many-to-Many Data Relationships in Dynamic Data. New Attributes to Control Display and Support Enumerations The DisplayAttribute has been added to give you additional control over how fields are displayed. The DisplayNameAttribute attribute in earlier versions of Dynamic Data enabled you to change the name that is used as a caption for a field. The new DisplayAttribute class lets you specify more options for displaying a field, such as the order in which a field is displayed and whether a field will be used as a filter. The attribute also provides independent control of the name that is used for the labels in a GridView control, the name that is used in a DetailsView control, the help text for the field, and the watermark used for the field (if the field accepts text input). The EnumDataTypeAttribute class has been added to let you map fields to enumerations. When you apply this attribute to a field, you specify an enumeration type. Dynamic Data uses the new Enumeration.ascx field template to create UI for displaying and editing enumeration values. The template maps the values from the database to the names in the enumeration. Enhanced Support for Filters Dynamic Data 1.0 had built-in filters for Boolean columns and foreign-key columns. The filters did not let you specify the order in which they were displayed. The new DisplayAttribute attribute addresses this by giving you control over whether a column appears as a filter and in what order it will be displayed. An additional enhancement is that filtering support has been rewritten to use the new QueryExtender feature of Web Forms. This lets you create filters without requiring knowledge of the data source control that the filters will be used with. Along with these extensions, filters have also been turned into template controls, which lets you add new ones. Finally, the DisplayAttribute class mentioned earlier allows the default filter to be overridden, in the same way that UIHint allows the default field template for a column to be overridden. For more information, see Walkthrough: Filtering Rows in Tables That Have a Parent-Child Relationship and QueryableFilterRepeater. ASP.NET Chart Control The ASP.NET chart server control enables you to create ASP.NET pages applications that have simple, intuitive charts for complex statistical or financial analysis. The chart control supports the following features: Data series, chart areas, axes, legends, labels, titles, and more. Data binding. Data manipulation, such as copying, splitting, merging, alignment, grouping, sorting, searching, and filtering. Statistical formulas and financial formulas. Advanced chart appearance, such as 3-D, anti-aliasing, lighting, and perspective. Events and customizations. Interactivity and Microsoft Ajax. Support for the Ajax Content Delivery Network (CDN), which provides an optimized way for you to add Microsoft Ajax Library and jQuery scripts to your Web applications. For more information, see Chart Web Server Control Overview. Visual Web Developer Enhancements The following sections provide information about enhancements and new features in Visual Studio 2010 and Visual Web Developer Express. The Web page designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been enhanced for better CSS compatibility, includes additional support for HTML and ASP.NET markup snippets, and features a redesigned version of IntelliSense for JScript. Improved CSS Compatibility The Visual Web Developer designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been updated to improve CSS 2.1 standards compliance. The designer better preserves HTML source code and is more robust than in previous versions of Visual Studio. HTML and JScript Snippets In the HTML editor, IntelliSense auto-completes tag names. The IntelliSense Snippets feature auto-completes whole tags and more. In Visual Studio 2010, IntelliSense snippets are supported for JScript, alongside C# and Visual Basic, which were supported in earlier versions of Visual Studio. Visual Studio 2010 includes over 200 snippets that help you auto-complete common ASP.NET and HTML tags, including required attributes (such as runat="server") and common attributes specific to a tag (such as ID, DataSourceID, ControlToValidate, and Text). You can download additional snippets, or you can write your own snippets that encapsulate the blocks of markup that you or your team use for common tasks. For more information on HTML snippets, see Walkthrough: Using HTML Snippets. JScript IntelliSense Enhancements In Visual 2010, JScript IntelliSense has been redesigned to provide an even richer editing experience. IntelliSense now recognizes objects that have been dynamically generated by methods such as registerNamespace and by similar techniques used by other JavaScript frameworks. Performance has been improved to analyze large libraries of script and to display IntelliSense with little or no processing delay. Compatibility has been significantly increased to support almost all third-party libraries and to support diverse coding styles. Documentation comments are now parsed as you type and are immediately leveraged by IntelliSense. Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 For Web application projects, Visual Studio now provides tools that work with the IIS Web Deployment Tool (Web Deploy) to automate many processes that had to be done manually in earlier versions of ASP.NET. For example, the following tasks can now be automated: Creating an IIS application on the destination computer and configuring IIS settings. Copying files to the destination computer. Changing Web.config settings that must be different in the destination environment. Propagating changes to data or data structures in SQL Server databases that are used by the Web application. For more information about Web application deployment, see ASP.NET Deployment Content Map. Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET 4 adds new features to the multi-targeting feature to make it easier to work with projects that target earlier versions of the .NET Framework. Multi-targeting was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5 to enable you to use the latest version of Visual Studio without having to upgrade existing Web sites or Web services to the latest version of the .NET Framework. In Visual Studio 2008, when you work with a project targeted for an earlier version of the .NET Framework, most features of the development environment adapt to the targeted version. However, IntelliSense displays language features that are available in the current version, and property windows display properties available in the current version. In Visual Studio 2010, only language features and properties available in the targeted version of the .NET Framework are shown. For more information about multi-targeting, see the following topics: .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects ASP.NET Side-by-Side Execution Overview How to: Host Web Applications That Use Different Versions of the .NET Framework on the Same Server How to: Deploy Web Site Projects Targeted for Earlier Versions of the .NET Framework

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  • Agile Development

    - by James Oloo Onyango
    Alot of literature has and is being written about agile developement and its surrounding philosophies. In my quest to find the best way to express the importance of agile methodologies, i have found Robert C. Martin's "A Satire Of Two Companies" to be both the most concise and thorough! Enjoy the read! Rufus Inc Project Kick Off Your name is Bob. The date is January 3, 2001, and your head still aches from the recent millennial revelry. You are sitting in a conference room with several managers and a group of your peers. You are a project team leader. Your boss is there, and he has brought along all of his team leaders. His boss called the meeting. "We have a new project to develop," says your boss's boss. Call him BB. The points in his hair are so long that they scrape the ceiling. Your boss's points are just starting to grow, but he eagerly awaits the day when he can leave Brylcream stains on the acoustic tiles. BB describes the essence of the new market they have identified and the product they want to develop to exploit this market. "We must have this new project up and working by fourth quarter October 1," BB demands. "Nothing is of higher priority, so we are cancelling your current project." The reaction in the room is stunned silence. Months of work are simply going to be thrown away. Slowly, a murmur of objection begins to circulate around the conference table.   His points give off an evil green glow as BB meets the eyes of everyone in the room. One by one, that insidious stare reduces each attendee to quivering lumps of protoplasm. It is clear that he will brook no discussion on this matter. Once silence has been restored, BB says, "We need to begin immediately. How long will it take you to do the analysis?" You raise your hand. Your boss tries to stop you, but his spitwad misses you and you are unaware of his efforts.   "Sir, we can't tell you how long the analysis will take until we have some requirements." "The requirements document won't be ready for 3 or 4 weeks," BB says, his points vibrating with frustration. "So, pretend that you have the requirements in front of you now. How long will you require for analysis?" No one breathes. Everyone looks around to see whether anyone has some idea. "If analysis goes beyond April 1, we have a problem. Can you finish the analysis by then?" Your boss visibly gathers his courage: "We'll find a way, sir!" His points grow 3 mm, and your headache increases by two Tylenol. "Good." BB smiles. "Now, how long will it take to do the design?" "Sir," you say. Your boss visibly pales. He is clearly worried that his 3 mms are at risk. "Without an analysis, it will not be possible to tell you how long design will take." BB's expression shifts beyond austere.   "PRETEND you have the analysis already!" he says, while fixing you with his vacant, beady little eyes. "How long will it take you to do the design?" Two Tylenol are not going to cut it. Your boss, in a desperate attempt to save his new growth, babbles: "Well, sir, with only six months left to complete the project, design had better take no longer than 3 months."   "I'm glad you agree, Smithers!" BB says, beaming. Your boss relaxes. He knows his points are secure. After a while, he starts lightly humming the Brylcream jingle. BB continues, "So, analysis will be complete by April 1, design will be complete by July 1, and that gives you 3 months to implement the project. This meeting is an example of how well our new consensus and empowerment policies are working. Now, get out there and start working. I'll expect to see TQM plans and QIT assignments on my desk by next week. Oh, and don't forget that your crossfunctional team meetings and reports will be needed for next month's quality audit." "Forget the Tylenol," you think to yourself as you return to your cubicle. "I need bourbon."   Visibly excited, your boss comes over to you and says, "Gosh, what a great meeting. I think we're really going to do some world shaking with this project." You nod in agreement, too disgusted to do anything else. "Oh," your boss continues, "I almost forgot." He hands you a 30-page document. "Remember that the SEI is coming to do an evaluation next week. This is the evaluation guide. You need to read through it, memorize it, and then shred it. It tells you how to answer any questions that the SEI auditors ask you. It also tells you what parts of the building you are allowed to take them to and what parts to avoid. We are determined to be a CMM level 3 organization by June!"   You and your peers start working on the analysis of the new project. This is difficult because you have no requirements. But from the 10-minute introduction given by BB on that fateful morning, you have some idea of what the product is supposed to do.   Corporate process demands that you begin by creating a use case document. You and your team begin enumerating use cases and drawing oval and stick diagrams. Philosophical debates break out among the team members. There is disagreement as to whether certain use cases should be connected with <<extends>> or <<includes>> relationships. Competing models are created, but nobody knows how to evaluate them. The debate continues, effectively paralyzing progress.   After a week, somebody finds the iceberg.com Web site, which recommends disposing entirely of <<extends>> and <<includes>> and replacing them with <<precedes>> and <<uses>>. The documents on this Web site, authored by Don Sengroiux, describes a method known as stalwart-analysis, which claims to be a step-by-step method for translating use cases into design diagrams. More competing use case models are created using this new scheme, but again, people can't agree on how to evaluate them. The thrashing continues. More and more, the use case meetings are driven by emotion rather than by reason. If it weren't for the fact that you don't have requirements, you'd be pretty upset by the lack of progress you are making. The requirements document arrives on February 15. And then again on February 20, 25, and every week thereafter. Each new version contradicts the previous one. Clearly, the marketing folks who are writing the requirements, empowered though they might be, are not finding consensus.   At the same time, several new competing use case templates have been proposed by the various team members. Each template presents its own particularly creative way of delaying progress. The debates rage on. On March 1, Prudence Putrigence, the process proctor, succeeds in integrating all the competing use case forms and templates into a single, all-encompassing form. Just the blank form is 15 pages long. She has managed to include every field that appeared on all the competing templates. She also presents a 159- page document describing how to fill out the use case form. All current use cases must be rewritten according to the new standard.   You marvel to yourself that it now requires 15 pages of fill-in-the-blank and essay questions to answer the question: What should the system do when the user presses Return? The corporate process (authored by L. E. Ott, famed author of "Holistic Analysis: A Progressive Dialectic for Software Engineers") insists that you discover all primary use cases, 87 percent of all secondary use cases, and 36.274 percent of all tertiary use cases before you can complete analysis and enter the design phase. You have no idea what a tertiary use case is. So in an attempt to meet this requirement, you try to get your use case document reviewed by the marketing department, which you hope will know what a tertiary use case is.   Unfortunately, the marketing folks are too busy with sales support to talk to you. Indeed, since the project started, you have not been able to get a single meeting with marketing, which has provided a never-ending stream of changing and contradictory requirements documents.   While one team has been spinning endlessly on the use case document, another team has been working out the domain model. Endless variations of UML documents are pouring out of this team. Every week, the model is reworked.   The team members can't decide whether to use <<interfaces>> or <<types>> in the model. A huge disagreement has been raging on the proper syntax and application of OCL. Others on the team just got back from a 5-day class on catabolism, and have been producing incredibly detailed and arcane diagrams that nobody else can fathom.   On March 27, with one week to go before analysis is to be complete, you have produced a sea of documents and diagrams but are no closer to a cogent analysis of the problem than you were on January 3. **** And then, a miracle happens.   **** On Saturday, April 1, you check your e-mail from home. You see a memo from your boss to BB. It states unequivocally that you are done with the analysis! You phone your boss and complain. "How could you have told BB that we were done with the analysis?" "Have you looked at a calendar lately?" he responds. "It's April 1!" The irony of that date does not escape you. "But we have so much more to think about. So much more to analyze! We haven't even decided whether to use <<extends>> or <<precedes>>!" "Where is your evidence that you are not done?" inquires your boss, impatiently. "Whaaa . . . ." But he cuts you off. "Analysis can go on forever; it has to be stopped at some point. And since this is the date it was scheduled to stop, it has been stopped. Now, on Monday, I want you to gather up all existing analysis materials and put them into a public folder. Release that folder to Prudence so that she can log it in the CM system by Monday afternoon. Then get busy and start designing."   As you hang up the phone, you begin to consider the benefits of keeping a bottle of bourbon in your bottom desk drawer. They threw a party to celebrate the on-time completion of the analysis phase. BB gave a colon-stirring speech on empowerment. And your boss, another 3 mm taller, congratulated his team on the incredible show of unity and teamwork. Finally, the CIO takes the stage to tell everyone that the SEI audit went very well and to thank everyone for studying and shredding the evaluation guides that were passed out. Level 3 now seems assured and will be awarded by June. (Scuttlebutt has it that managers at the level of BB and above are to receive significant bonuses once the SEI awards level 3.)   As the weeks flow by, you and your team work on the design of the system. Of course, you find that the analysis that the design is supposedly based on is flawedno, useless; no, worse than useless. But when you tell your boss that you need to go back and work some more on the analysis to shore up its weaker sections, he simply states, "The analysis phase is over. The only allowable activity is design. Now get back to it."   So, you and your team hack the design as best you can, unsure of whether the requirements have been properly analyzed. Of course, it really doesn't matter much, since the requirements document is still thrashing with weekly revisions, and the marketing department still refuses to meet with you.     The design is a nightmare. Your boss recently misread a book named The Finish Line in which the author, Mark DeThomaso, blithely suggested that design documents should be taken down to code-level detail. "If we are going to be working at that level of detail," you ask, "why don't we simply write the code instead?" "Because then you wouldn't be designing, of course. And the only allowable activity in the design phase is design!" "Besides," he continues, "we have just purchased a companywide license for Dandelion! This tool enables 'Round the Horn Engineering!' You are to transfer all design diagrams into this tool. It will automatically generate our code for us! It will also keep the design diagrams in sync with the code!" Your boss hands you a brightly colored shrinkwrapped box containing the Dandelion distribution. You accept it numbly and shuffle off to your cubicle. Twelve hours, eight crashes, one disk reformatting, and eight shots of 151 later, you finally have the tool installed on your server. You consider the week your team will lose while attending Dandelion training. Then you smile and think, "Any week I'm not here is a good week." Design diagram after design diagram is created by your team. Dandelion makes it very difficult to draw these diagrams. There are dozens and dozens of deeply nested dialog boxes with funny text fields and check boxes that must all be filled in correctly. And then there's the problem of moving classes between packages. At first, these diagram are driven from the use cases. But the requirements are changing so often that the use cases rapidly become meaningless. Debates rage about whether VISITOR or DECORATOR design patterns should be used. One developer refuses to use VISITOR in any form, claiming that it's not a properly object-oriented construct. Someone refuses to use multiple inheritance, since it is the spawn of the devil. Review meetings rapidly degenerate into debates about the meaning of object orientation, the definition of analysis versus design, or when to use aggregation versus association. Midway through the design cycle, the marketing folks announce that they have rethought the focus of the system. Their new requirements document is completely restructured. They have eliminated several major feature areas and replaced them with feature areas that they anticipate customer surveys will show to be more appropriate. You tell your boss that these changes mean that you need to reanalyze and redesign much of the system. But he says, "The analysis phase is system. But he says, "The analysis phase is over. The only allowable activity is design. Now get back to it."   You suggest that it might be better to create a simple prototype to show to the marketing folks and even some potential customers. But your boss says, "The analysis phase is over. The only allowable activity is design. Now get back to it." Hack, hack, hack, hack. You try to create some kind of a design document that might reflect the new requirements documents. However, the revolution of the requirements has not caused them to stop thrashing. Indeed, if anything, the wild oscillations of the requirements document have only increased in frequency and amplitude.   You slog your way through them.   On June 15, the Dandelion database gets corrupted. Apparently, the corruption has been progressive. Small errors in the DB accumulated over the months into bigger and bigger errors. Eventually, the CASE tool just stopped working. Of course, the slowly encroaching corruption is present on all the backups. Calls to the Dandelion technical support line go unanswered for several days. Finally, you receive a brief e-mail from Dandelion, informing you that this is a known problem and that the solution is to purchase the new version, which they promise will be ready some time next quarter, and then reenter all the diagrams by hand.   ****   Then, on July 1 another miracle happens! You are done with the design!   Rather than go to your boss and complain, you stock your middle desk drawer with some vodka.   **** They threw a party to celebrate the on-time completion of the design phase and their graduation to CMM level 3. This time, you find BB's speech so stirring that you have to use the restroom before it begins. New banners and plaques are all over your workplace. They show pictures of eagles and mountain climbers, and they talk about teamwork and empowerment. They read better after a few scotches. That reminds you that you need to clear out your file cabinet to make room for the brandy. You and your team begin to code. But you rapidly discover that the design is lacking in some significant areas. Actually, it's lacking any significance at all. You convene a design session in one of the conference rooms to try to work through some of the nastier problems. But your boss catches you at it and disbands the meeting, saying, "The design phase is over. The only allowable activity is coding. Now get back to it."   ****   The code generated by Dandelion is really hideous. It turns out that you and your team were using association and aggregation the wrong way, after all. All the generated code has to be edited to correct these flaws. Editing this code is extremely difficult because it has been instrumented with ugly comment blocks that have special syntax that Dandelion needs in order to keep the diagrams in sync with the code. If you accidentally alter one of these comments, the diagrams will be regenerated incorrectly. It turns out that "Round the Horn Engineering" requires an awful lot of effort. The more you try to keep the code compatible with Dandelion, the more errors Dandelion generates. In the end, you give up and decide to keep the diagrams up to date manually. A second later, you decide that there's no point in keeping the diagrams up to date at all. Besides, who has time?   Your boss hires a consultant to build tools to count the number of lines of code that are being produced. He puts a big thermometer graph on the wall with the number 1,000,000 on the top. Every day, he extends the red line to show how many lines have been added. Three days after the thermometer appears on the wall, your boss stops you in the hall. "That graph isn't growing quickly enough. We need to have a million lines done by October 1." "We aren't even sh-sh-sure that the proshect will require a m-million linezh," you blather. "We have to have a million lines done by October 1," your boss reiterates. His points have grown again, and the Grecian formula he uses on them creates an aura of authority and competence. "Are you sure your comment blocks are big enough?" Then, in a flash of managerial insight, he says, "I have it! I want you to institute a new policy among the engineers. No line of code is to be longer than 20 characters. Any such line must be split into two or more preferably more. All existing code needs to be reworked to this standard. That'll get our line count up!"   You decide not to tell him that this will require two unscheduled work months. You decide not to tell him anything at all. You decide that intravenous injections of pure ethanol are the only solution. You make the appropriate arrangements. Hack, hack, hack, and hack. You and your team madly code away. By August 1, your boss, frowning at the thermometer on the wall, institutes a mandatory 50-hour workweek.   Hack, hack, hack, and hack. By September 1st, the thermometer is at 1.2 million lines and your boss asks you to write a report describing why you exceeded the coding budget by 20 percent. He institutes mandatory Saturdays and demands that the project be brought back down to a million lines. You start a campaign of remerging lines. Hack, hack, hack, and hack. Tempers are flaring; people are quitting; QA is raining trouble reports down on you. Customers are demanding installation and user manuals; salespeople are demanding advance demonstrations for special customers; the requirements document is still thrashing, the marketing folks are complaining that the product isn't anything like they specified, and the liquor store won't accept your credit card anymore. Something has to give.    On September 15, BB calls a meeting. As he enters the room, his points are emitting clouds of steam. When he speaks, the bass overtones of his carefully manicured voice cause the pit of your stomach to roll over. "The QA manager has told me that this project has less than 50 percent of the required features implemented. He has also informed me that the system crashes all the time, yields wrong results, and is hideously slow. He has also complained that he cannot keep up with the continuous train of daily releases, each more buggy than the last!" He stops for a few seconds, visibly trying to compose himself. "The QA manager estimates that, at this rate of development, we won't be able to ship the product until December!" Actually, you think it's more like March, but you don't say anything. "December!" BB roars with such derision that people duck their heads as though he were pointing an assault rifle at them. "December is absolutely out of the question. Team leaders, I want new estimates on my desk in the morning. I am hereby mandating 65-hour work weeks until this project is complete. And it better be complete by November 1."   As he leaves the conference room, he is heard to mutter: "Empowermentbah!" * * * Your boss is bald; his points are mounted on BB's wall. The fluorescent lights reflecting off his pate momentarily dazzle you. "Do you have anything to drink?" he asks. Having just finished your last bottle of Boone's Farm, you pull a bottle of Thunderbird from your bookshelf and pour it into his coffee mug. "What's it going to take to get this project done? " he asks. "We need to freeze the requirements, analyze them, design them, and then implement them," you say callously. "By November 1?" your boss exclaims incredulously. "No way! Just get back to coding the damned thing." He storms out, scratching his vacant head.   A few days later, you find that your boss has been transferred to the corporate research division. Turnover has skyrocketed. Customers, informed at the last minute that their orders cannot be fulfilled on time, have begun to cancel their orders. Marketing is re-evaluating whether this product aligns with the overall goals of the company. Memos fly, heads roll, policies change, and things are, overall, pretty grim. Finally, by March, after far too many sixty-five hour weeks, a very shaky version of the software is ready. In the field, bug-discovery rates are high, and the technical support staff are at their wits' end, trying to cope with the complaints and demands of the irate customers. Nobody is happy.   In April, BB decides to buy his way out of the problem by licensing a product produced by Rupert Industries and redistributing it. The customers are mollified, the marketing folks are smug, and you are laid off.     Rupert Industries: Project Alpha   Your name is Robert. The date is January 3, 2001. The quiet hours spent with your family this holiday have left you refreshed and ready for work. You are sitting in a conference room with your team of professionals. The manager of the division called the meeting. "We have some ideas for a new project," says the division manager. Call him Russ. He is a high-strung British chap with more energy than a fusion reactor. He is ambitious and driven but understands the value of a team. Russ describes the essence of the new market opportunity the company has identified and introduces you to Jane, the marketing manager, who is responsible for defining the products that will address it. Addressing you, Jane says, "We'd like to start defining our first product offering as soon as possible. When can you and your team meet with me?" You reply, "We'll be done with the current iteration of our project this Friday. We can spare a few hours for you between now and then. After that, we'll take a few people from the team and dedicate them to you. We'll begin hiring their replacements and the new people for your team immediately." "Great," says Russ, "but I want you to understand that it is critical that we have something to exhibit at the trade show coming up this July. If we can't be there with something significant, we'll lose the opportunity."   "I understand," you reply. "I don't yet know what it is that you have in mind, but I'm sure we can have something by July. I just can't tell you what that something will be right now. In any case, you and Jane are going to have complete control over what we developers do, so you can rest assured that by July, you'll have the most important things that can be accomplished in that time ready to exhibit."   Russ nods in satisfaction. He knows how this works. Your team has always kept him advised and allowed him to steer their development. He has the utmost confidence that your team will work on the most important things first and will produce a high-quality product.   * * *   "So, Robert," says Jane at their first meeting, "How does your team feel about being split up?" "We'll miss working with each other," you answer, "but some of us were getting pretty tired of that last project and are looking forward to a change. So, what are you people cooking up?" Jane beams. "You know how much trouble our customers currently have . . ." And she spends a half hour or so describing the problem and possible solution. "OK, wait a second" you respond. "I need to be clear about this." And so you and Jane talk about how this system might work. Some of her ideas aren't fully formed. You suggest possible solutions. She likes some of them. You continue discussing.   During the discussion, as each new topic is addressed, Jane writes user story cards. Each card represents something that the new system has to do. The cards accumulate on the table and are spread out in front of you. Both you and Jane point at them, pick them up, and make notes on them as you discuss the stories. The cards are powerful mnemonic devices that you can use to represent complex ideas that are barely formed.   At the end of the meeting, you say, "OK, I've got a general idea of what you want. I'm going to talk to the team about it. I imagine they'll want to run some experiments with various database structures and presentation formats. Next time we meet, it'll be as a group, and we'll start identifying the most important features of the system."   A week later, your nascent team meets with Jane. They spread the existing user story cards out on the table and begin to get into some of the details of the system. The meeting is very dynamic. Jane presents the stories in the order of their importance. There is much discussion about each one. The developers are concerned about keeping the stories small enough to estimate and test. So they continually ask Jane to split one story into several smaller stories. Jane is concerned that each story have a clear business value and priority, so as she splits them, she makes sure that this stays true.   The stories accumulate on the table. Jane writes them, but the developers make notes on them as needed. Nobody tries to capture everything that is said; the cards are not meant to capture everything but are simply reminders of the conversation.   As the developers become more comfortable with the stories, they begin writing estimates on them. These estimates are crude and budgetary, but they give Jane an idea of what the story will cost.   At the end of the meeting, it is clear that many more stories could be discussed. It is also clear that the most important stories have been addressed and that they represent several months worth of work. Jane closes the meeting by taking the cards with her and promising to have a proposal for the first release in the morning.   * * *   The next morning, you reconvene the meeting. Jane chooses five cards and places them on the table. "According to your estimates, these cards represent about one perfect team-week's worth of work. The last iteration of the previous project managed to get one perfect team-week done in 3 real weeks. If we can get these five stories done in 3 weeks, we'll be able to demonstrate them to Russ. That will make him feel very comfortable about our progress." Jane is pushing it. The sheepish look on her face lets you know that she knows it too. You reply, "Jane, this is a new team, working on a new project. It's a bit presumptuous to expect that our velocity will be the same as the previous team's. However, I met with the team yesterday afternoon, and we all agreed that our initial velocity should, in fact, be set to one perfectweek for every 3 real-weeks. So you've lucked out on this one." "Just remember," you continue, "that the story estimates and the story velocity are very tentative at this point. We'll learn more when we plan the iteration and even more when we implement it."   Jane looks over her glasses at you as if to say "Who's the boss around here, anyway?" and then smiles and says, "Yeah, don't worry. I know the drill by now."Jane then puts 15 more cards on the table. She says, "If we can get all these cards done by the end of March, we can turn the system over to our beta test customers. And we'll get good feedback from them."   You reply, "OK, so we've got our first iteration defined, and we have the stories for the next three iterations after that. These four iterations will make our first release."   "So," says Jane, can you really do these five stories in the next 3 weeks?" "I don't know for sure, Jane," you reply. "Let's break them down into tasks and see what we get."   So Jane, you, and your team spend the next several hours taking each of the five stories that Jane chose for the first iteration and breaking them down into small tasks. The developers quickly realize that some of the tasks can be shared between stories and that other tasks have commonalities that can probably be taken advantage of. It is clear that potential designs are popping into the developers' heads. From time to time, they form little discussion knots and scribble UML diagrams on some cards.   Soon, the whiteboard is filled with the tasks that, once completed, will implement the five stories for this iteration. You start the sign-up process by saying, "OK, let's sign up for these tasks." "I'll take the initial database generation." Says Pete. "That's what I did on the last project, and this doesn't look very different. I estimate it at two of my perfect workdays." "OK, well, then, I'll take the login screen," says Joe. "Aw, darn," says Elaine, the junior member of the team, "I've never done a GUI, and kinda wanted to try that one."   "Ah, the impatience of youth," Joe says sagely, with a wink in your direction. "You can assist me with it, young Jedi." To Jane: "I think it'll take me about three of my perfect workdays."   One by one, the developers sign up for tasks and estimate them in terms of their own perfect workdays. Both you and Jane know that it is best to let the developers volunteer for tasks than to assign the tasks to them. You also know full well that you daren't challenge any of the developers' estimates. You know these people, and you trust them. You know that they are going to do the very best they can.   The developers know that they can't sign up for more perfect workdays than they finished in the last iteration they worked on. Once each developer has filled his or her schedule for the iteration, they stop signing up for tasks.   Eventually, all the developers have stopped signing up for tasks. But, of course, tasks are still left on the board.   "I was worried that that might happen," you say, "OK, there's only one thing to do, Jane. We've got too much to do in this iteration. What stories or tasks can we remove?" Jane sighs. She knows that this is the only option. Working overtime at the beginning of a project is insane, and projects where she's tried it have not fared well.   So Jane starts to remove the least-important functionality. "Well, we really don't need the login screen just yet. We can simply start the system in the logged-in state." "Rats!" cries Elaine. "I really wanted to do that." "Patience, grasshopper." says Joe. "Those who wait for the bees to leave the hive will not have lips too swollen to relish the honey." Elaine looks confused. Everyone looks confused. "So . . .," Jane continues, "I think we can also do away with . . ." And so, bit by bit, the list of tasks shrinks. Developers who lose a task sign up for one of the remaining ones.   The negotiation is not painless. Several times, Jane exhibits obvious frustration and impatience. Once, when tensions are especially high, Elaine volunteers, "I'll work extra hard to make up some of the missing time." You are about to correct her when, fortunately, Joe looks her in the eye and says, "When once you proceed down the dark path, forever will it dominate your destiny."   In the end, an iteration acceptable to Jane is reached. It's not what Jane wanted. Indeed, it is significantly less. But it's something the team feels that can be achieved in the next 3 weeks.   And, after all, it still addresses the most important things that Jane wanted in the iteration. "So, Jane," you say when things had quieted down a bit, "when can we expect acceptance tests from you?" Jane sighs. This is the other side of the coin. For every story the development team implements,   Jane must supply a suite of acceptance tests that prove that it works. And the team needs these long before the end of the iteration, since they will certainly point out differences in the way Jane and the developers imagine the system's behaviour.   "I'll get you some example test scripts today," Jane promises. "I'll add to them every day after that. You'll have the entire suite by the middle of the iteration."   * * *   The iteration begins on Monday morning with a flurry of Class, Responsibilities, Collaborators sessions. By midmorning, all the developers have assembled into pairs and are rapidly coding away. "And now, my young apprentice," Joe says to Elaine, "you shall learn the mysteries of test-first design!"   "Wow, that sounds pretty rad," Elaine replies. "How do you do it?" Joe beams. It's clear that he has been anticipating this moment. "OK, what does the code do right now?" "Huh?" replied Elaine, "It doesn't do anything at all; there is no code."   "So, consider our task; can you think of something the code should do?" "Sure," Elaine said with youthful assurance, "First, it should connect to the database." "And thereupon, what must needs be required to connecteth the database?" "You sure talk weird," laughed Elaine. "I think we'd have to get the database object from some registry and call the Connect() method. "Ah, astute young wizard. Thou perceives correctly that we requireth an object within which we can cacheth the database object." "Is 'cacheth' really a word?" "It is when I say it! So, what test can we write that we know the database registry should pass?" Elaine sighs. She knows she'll just have to play along. "We should be able to create a database object and pass it to the registry in a Store() method. And then we should be able to pull it out of the registry with a Get() method and make sure it's the same object." "Oh, well said, my prepubescent sprite!" "Hay!" "So, now, let's write a test function that proves your case." "But shouldn't we write the database object and registry object first?" "Ah, you've much to learn, my young impatient one. Just write the test first." "But it won't even compile!" "Are you sure? What if it did?" "Uh . . ." "Just write the test, Elaine. Trust me." And so Joe, Elaine, and all the other developers began to code their tasks, one test case at a time. The room in which they worked was abuzz with the conversations between the pairs. The murmur was punctuated by an occasional high five when a pair managed to finish a task or a difficult test case.   As development proceeded, the developers changed partners once or twice a day. Each developer got to see what all the others were doing, and so knowledge of the code spread generally throughout the team.   Whenever a pair finished something significant whether a whole task or simply an important part of a task they integrated what they had with the rest of the system. Thus, the code base grew daily, and integration difficulties were minimized.   The developers communicated with Jane on a daily basis. They'd go to her whenever they had a question about the functionality of the system or the interpretation of an acceptance test case.   Jane, good as her word, supplied the team with a steady stream of acceptance test scripts. The team read these carefully and thereby gained a much better understanding of what Jane expected the system to do. By the beginning of the second week, there was enough functionality to demonstrate to Jane. She watched eagerly as the demonstration passed test case after test case. "This is really cool," Jane said as the demonstration finally ended. "But this doesn't seem like one-third of the tasks. Is your velocity slower than anticipated?"   You grimace. You'd been waiting for a good time to mention this to Jane but now she was forcing the issue. "Yes, unfortunately, we are going more slowly than we had expected. The new application server we are using is turning out to be a pain to configure. Also, it takes forever to reboot, and we have to reboot it whenever we make even the slightest change to its configuration."   Jane eyes you with suspicion. The stress of last Monday's negotiations had still not entirely dissipated. She says, "And what does this mean to our schedule? We can't slip it again, we just can't. Russ will have a fit! He'll haul us all into the woodshed and ream us some new ones."   You look Jane right in the eyes. There's no pleasant way to give someone news like this. So you just blurt out, "Look, if things keep going like they're going, we're not going to be done with everything by next Friday. Now it's possible that we'll figure out a way to go faster. But, frankly, I wouldn't depend on that. You should start thinking about one or two tasks that could be removed from the iteration without ruining the demonstration for Russ. Come hell or high water, we are going to give that demonstration on Friday, and I don't think you want us to choose which tasks to omit."   "Aw forchrisakes!" Jane barely manages to stifle yelling that last word as she stalks away, shaking her head. Not for the first time, you say to yourself, "Nobody ever promised me project management would be easy." You are pretty sure it won't be the last time, either.   Actually, things went a bit better than you had hoped. The team did, in fact, have to drop one task from the iteration, but Jane had chosen wisely, and the demonstration for Russ went without a hitch. Russ was not impressed with the progress, but neither was he dismayed. He simply said, "This is pretty good. But remember, we have to be able to demonstrate this system at the trade show in July, and at this rate, it doesn't look like you'll have all that much to show." Jane, whose attitude had improved dramatically with the completion of the iteration, responded to Russ by saying, "Russ, this team is working hard, and well. When July comes around, I am confident that we'll have something significant to demonstrate. It won't be everything, and some of it may be smoke and mirrors, but we'll have something."   Painful though the last iteration was, it had calibrated your velocity numbers. The next iteration went much better. Not because your team got more done than in the last iteration but simply because the team didn't have to remove any tasks or stories in the middle of the iteration.   By the start of the fourth iteration, a natural rhythm has been established. Jane, you, and the team know exactly what to expect from one another. The team is running hard, but the pace is sustainable. You are confident that the team can keep up this pace for a year or more.   The number of surprises in the schedule diminishes to near zero; however, the number of surprises in the requirements does not. Jane and Russ frequently look over the growing system and make recommendations or changes to the existing functionality. But all parties realize that these changes take time and must be scheduled. So the changes do not cause anyone's expectations to be violated. In March, there is a major demonstration of the system to the board of directors. The system is very limited and is not yet in a form good enough to take to the trade show, but progress is steady, and the board is reasonably impressed.   The second release goes even more smoothly than the first. By now, the team has figured out a way to automate Jane's acceptance test scripts. The team has also refactored the design of the system to the point that it is really easy to add new features and change old ones. The second release was done by the end of June and was taken to the trade show. It had less in it than Jane and Russ would have liked, but it did demonstrate the most important features of the system. Although customers at the trade show noticed that certain features were missing, they were very impressed overall. You, Russ, and Jane all returned from the trade show with smiles on your faces. You all felt as though this project was a winner.   Indeed, many months later, you are contacted by Rufus Inc. That company had been working on a system like this for its internal operations. Rufus has canceled the development of that system after a death-march project and is negotiating to license your technology for its environment.   Indeed, things are looking up!

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