generic handler - Page 65

Pass a Message From Thread to Update UI

- by Jay Dee

Ive created a new thread for a file browser. The thread reads the contents of a directory. What I want to do is update the UI thread to draw a graphical representation of the files and folders. I know I can't update the UI from within a new thread so what I want to do is: whilst the file scanning thread iterates through a directories files and folders pass a file path string back to the UI thread. The handler in the UI thread then draws the graphical representation of the file passed back. public class New_Project extends Activity implements Runnable { private Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Log.d("New Thread","Proccess Complete."); Intent intent = new Intent(); setResult(RESULT_OK, intent); finish(); } }; public void getFiles(){ //if (!XMLEFunctions.canReadExternal(this)) return; pd = ProgressDialog.show(this, "Reading Directory.", "Please Wait...", true, false); Log.d("New Thread","Called"); Thread thread = new Thread(this); thread.start(); } public void run() { Log.d("New Thread","Reading Files"); getFiles(); handler.sendEmptyMessage(0); } public void getFiles() { for (int i=0;i<=allFiles.length-1;i++){ //I WANT TO PASS THE FILE PATH BACK TU A HANDLER IN THE UI //SO IT CAN BE DRAWN. **passFilePathBackToBeDrawn(allFiles[i].toString());** } } }

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IE7 crashed when RemoveDialogHandler is called

- by Baptiste Pernet

I have this code: FileDownloadHandler handler = new FileDownloadHandler(fileName); Browser.AddDialogHandler(handler); //using (new UseDialogOnce(Browser.DialogWatcher, handler)) //{ Browser.Button(Find.ById("ButtonExportReport")).ClickNoWait(); handler.WaitUntilFileDownloadDialogIsHandled(20); handler.WaitUntilDownloadCompleted(30); //} Browser.RemoveDialogHandler(handler); And when I call Browser.RemoveDialogHandler, Internet Explorer 7 crashes with the message: "no installed debugger has just_in-time debugging enabled" (I don't know how to debug IE7 because I only have the CLR debugger which can debug only managed code) Do you know what I should do ? Any path where I should look for information ? Thanks EDIT: In fact the error is not cause by the .RemoveDialogHandler I added ZvLogManager.Info("start wait"); Browser.Wait(10); ZvLogManager.Info("end wait"); just before the .RemoveDialogHandler, and I get the error message of IE between the "start wait" and "end wait". So it the download of the file that makes it crash. Any idea ?

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Another "Windows 7 entry missing from Grub2" Question

- by 4x10

Like many before me had the following problem that after installing Ubuntu (with windows 7 already installed), the grub boot loader wouldnt show windows 7 as a boot option, though i can boot fine if I use the "Choose Boot Device" options on the x220. The difference is that I try using UEFI only so many answers didn't really fit my problem, though i tried several stuffs: after running boot repair it destroyed the ubuntu boot loader custom entry in /etc/grub.d/40_custom for windows which doesnt show up many update-grub and reboots trying windows repair recovery thing while being there i also did bootrec.exe /FixBoot and update-grub and reboot again and finaly because it was so much fun, i installed linux all over again, while formatting and deleting everything linux related before that. Now that i think of it, Ubuntu also didn't notice Windows being there during the Setup and it still doesnt according to the Boot Info from Boot Repair. Boot Info Script 0.61-git-patched [23 April 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: Windows 7: FAT32 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /efi/Boot/bootx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' sda3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe sda4: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu precise (development branch) Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab sda5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Boot files: sda6: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 1 625,142,447 625,142,447 ee GPT GUID Partition Table detected. Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System /dev/sda1 2,048 206,847 204,800 EFI System partition /dev/sda2 206,848 468,991 262,144 Microsoft Reserved Partition (Windows) /dev/sda3 468,992 170,338,303 169,869,312 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda4 170,338,304 330,338,304 160,000,001 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda5 330,338,305 617,141,039 286,802,735 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda6 617,141,040 625,141,040 8,000,001 Swap partition (Linux) "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 885C-ED1B vfat /dev/sda3 EE06CC0506CBCCB1 ntfs /dev/sda4 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 ext4 /dev/sda5 d62515fd-8120-4a74-b17b-0bdf244124a3 ext4 /dev/sda6 7078b649-fb2a-4c59-bd03-fd31ef440d37 swap ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sda1 /boot/efi vfat (rw) /dev/sda4 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) /dev/sda5 /home ext4 (rw) =========================== sda4/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="$1" if [ "$1" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-20-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic root=UUID=604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-20-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-20-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic root=UUID=604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda4/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda4 during installation UUID=604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=885C-ED1B /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1 # /home was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=d62515fd-8120-4a74-b17b-0bdf244124a3 /home ext4 defaults 0 2 # swap was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=7078b649-fb2a-4c59-bd03-fd31ef440d37 none swap sw 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda4: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) 129.422874451 = 138.966753280 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 83.059570312 = 89.184534528 boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic 2 101.393131256 = 108.870045696 boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic 1 83.059570312 = 89.184534528 initrd.img 2 101.393131256 = 108.870045696 vmlinuz 1 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : =================== log of boot-repair 2012-04-25__23h40 =================== boot-repair version : 3.18-0ppa3~precise boot-sav version : 3.18-0ppa4~precise glade2script version : 0.3.2.1-0ppa7~precise internet: connected python-software-properties version : 0.82.7 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 591 not upgraded. dpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin: No such file or directory boot-repair is executed in installed-session (Ubuntu precise (development branch) , precise , Ubuntu , x86_64) WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== OSPROBER: /dev/sda4:The OS now in use - Ubuntu precise (development branch) CurrentSession:linux =================== BLKID: /dev/sda3: UUID="EE06CC0506CBCCB1" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda1: UUID="885C-ED1B" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sda4: UUID="604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="d62515fd-8120-4a74-b17b-0bdf244124a3" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda6: UUID="7078b649-fb2a-4c59-bd03-fd31ef440d37" TYPE="swap" 1 disks with OS, 1 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 0 Windows, 0 unknown type OS. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util sfdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== /etc/default/grub : # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" EFI_OF_PART[1] (, ) =================== dmesg | grep EFI : [ 0.000000] EFI v2.00 by Lenovo [ 0.000000] Kernel-defined memdesc doesn't match the one from EFI! [ 0.000000] EFI: mem00: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000001000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem01: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000001000-0x000000000004e000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem02: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000000004e000-0x0000000000058000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem03: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000058000-0x0000000000059000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem04: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000059000-0x000000000005e000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem05: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000000005e000-0x000000000005f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem06: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000000005f000-0x00000000000a0000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem07: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000100000-0x00000000005b9000) (4MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem08: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000005b9000-0x0000000020000000) (506MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem09: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000020000000-0x0000000020200000) (2MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem10: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000020200000-0x00000000364e4000) (354MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem11: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000364e4000-0x000000003726a000) (13MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem12: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000003726a000-0x0000000040000000) (141MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem13: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000040000000-0x0000000040200000) (2MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem14: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000040200000-0x000000009df35000) (1501MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem15: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000009df35000-0x00000000d39a0000) (858MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem16: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d39a0000-0x00000000d39c0000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem17: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d39c0000-0x00000000d5df5000) (36MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem18: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d5df5000-0x00000000d6990000) (11MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem19: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d6990000-0x00000000d6b82000) (1MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem20: type=1, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d6b82000-0x00000000d6b9f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem21: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d6b9f000-0x00000000d77b0000) (12MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem22: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d77b0000-0x00000000d780a000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem23: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d780a000-0x00000000d7826000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem24: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d7826000-0x00000000d7868000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem25: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d7868000-0x00000000d7869000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem26: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d7869000-0x00000000d786a000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem27: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786a000-0x00000000d786b000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem28: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786b000-0x00000000d786c000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem29: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786c000-0x00000000d786d000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem30: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786d000-0x00000000d825f000) (9MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem31: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d825f000-0x00000000d8261000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem32: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8261000-0x00000000d82f7000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem33: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d82f7000-0x00000000d82f8000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem34: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d82f8000-0x00000000d8705000) (4MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem35: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8705000-0x00000000d8706000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem36: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8706000-0x00000000d8761000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem37: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8761000-0x00000000d8768000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem38: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8768000-0x00000000d9b9f000) (20MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem39: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d9b9f000-0x00000000d9e4c000) (2MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem40: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d9e4c000-0x00000000d9e52000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem41: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d9e52000-0x00000000da59f000) (7MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem42: type=5, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da59f000-0x00000000da6c3000) (1MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem43: type=5, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da6c3000-0x00000000da79f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem44: type=6, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da79f000-0x00000000da8b1000) (1MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem45: type=6, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da8b1000-0x00000000da99f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem46: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000da99f000-0x00000000daa22000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem47: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa22000-0x00000000daa9b000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem48: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa9b000-0x00000000daa9c000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem49: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa9c000-0x00000000daa9f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem50: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa9f000-0x00000000daadd000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem51: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daadd000-0x00000000dab9f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem52: type=9, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dab9f000-0x00000000dabdc000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem53: type=9, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dabdc000-0x00000000dabff000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem54: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dabff000-0x00000000dac00000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem55: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000100000000-0x000000021e600000) (4582MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem56: type=11, attr=0x8000000000000001, range=[0x00000000f80f8000-0x00000000f80f9000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem57: type=11, attr=0x8000000000000001, range=[0x00000000fed1c000-0x00000000fed20000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000dabde000 0003E (v01 LENOVO TP-8D 00001280 PTL 00000002) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000dabdd000 00042 (v01 PTL COMBUF 00000001 PTL 00000001) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000dabdc000 00292 (v01 LENOVO TP-8D 00001280 PTL 00000002) [ 0.795807] fb0: EFI VGA frame buffer device [ 1.057243] EFI Variables Facility v0.08 2004-May-17 [ 9.122104] fb: conflicting fb hw usage inteldrmfb vs EFI VGA - removing generic driver ReadEFI: /dev/sda , N 128 , 0 , , PRStart 1024 , PRSize 128 WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== PARTITIONS & DISKS: sda4 : sda, not-sepboot, grubenv-ok grub2, grub-efi, update-grub, 64, with-boot, is-os, gpt-but-not-EFI, fstab-has-bad-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, apt-get, grub-install, . sda3 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, gpt-but-not-EFI, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, /mnt/boot-sav/sda3. sda1 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, is-correct-EFI, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, /boot/efi. sda5 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, gpt-but-not-EFI, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, /home. sda : GPT-BIS, GPT, no-BIOS_boot, has-correctEFI, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes =================== PARTED: Model: ATA HITACHI HTS72323 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 320GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 106MB 105MB fat32 EFI system partition boot 2 106MB 240MB 134MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres 3 240MB 87.2GB 87.0GB ntfs Basic data partition 4 87.2GB 169GB 81.9GB ext4 5 169GB 316GB 147GB ext4 6 316GB 320GB 4096MB linux-swap(v1) =================== MOUNT: /dev/sda4 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) /dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw) /dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/vierlex/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=vierlex) /dev/sda3 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) /sys/block/sda: alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /dev: agpgart autofs block bsg btrfs-control bus char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse hpet input kmsg log mapper mcelog mei mem net network_latency network_throughput null oldmem port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sg0 shm snapshot snd stderr stdin stdout tpm0 uinput urandom usbmon0 usbmon1 usbmon2 v4l vga_arbiter video0 watchdog zero /dev/mapper: control /boot/efi: EFI /boot/efi/EFI: Boot Microsoft ubuntu /boot/efi/efi: Boot Microsoft ubuntu /boot/efi/efi/Boot: bootx64.efi /boot/efi/efi/ubuntu: grubx64.efi WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== DF: Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda4 ext4 77G 4.1G 69G 6% / udev devtmpfs 3.9G 12K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 864K 1.6G 1% /run none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none tmpfs 3.9G 152K 3.9G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda1 vfat 96M 18M 79M 19% /boot/efi /dev/sda5 ext4 137G 2.2G 128G 2% /home /dev/sda3 fuseblk 81G 30G 52G 37% /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 =================== FDISK: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf34fe538 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 625142447 312571223+ ee GPT =================== Before mainwindow FSCK no PASTEBIN yes WUBI no WINBOOT yes recommendedrepair, purge, QTY_OF_PART_FOR_REINSTAL 1 no-kernel-purge UNHIDEBOOT_ACTION yes (10s), noflag () PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB sda4, FORCE_GRUB no (sda) REMOVABLEDISK no USE_SEPARATEBOOTPART no (sda3) grub2 () UNCOMMENT_GFXMODE no ATA ADD_KERNEL_OPTION no (acpi=off) MBR_TO_RESTORE ( ) EFI detected. Please check the options. =================== Actions FSCK no PASTEBIN yes WUBI no WINBOOT no bootinfo, nombraction, QTY_OF_PART_FOR_REINSTAL 1 no-kernel-purge UNHIDEBOOT_ACTION no (10s), noflag () PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB sda4, FORCE_GRUB no (sda) REMOVABLEDISK no USE_SEPARATEBOOTPART no (sda3) grub2 () UNCOMMENT_GFXMODE no ATA ADD_KERNEL_OPTION no (acpi=off) MBR_TO_RESTORE ( ) No change has been performed on your computer. See you soon! internet: connected Thanks for your time and attention. EDIT: additional Info Request =No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. But maybe this is how it is supposed to work? yea this is ok. boot stuff seems to be on a seperate partition, in my case sda1. I'm very new to this UEFI thing too. missing files like bootmgr i don't really have a clue :D but yea, maybe thats how it suppose to be? Instead and whats not shown in the log for some reason: There is additional microsoft bootfiles on sda1 under /efi/microsoft/ [much stuff] I remember also doing some kind of hack to make a UEFI windows 7 usb stick. http://jake.io/b/2011/installing-windows-7-with-uefi-boot-on-an-x220-from-usb/ In short: creating and placing bootx64.efi on the stick so it can be booted in UEFI mode. boot order i decide that in my BIOS. i read somwhere that the thinkpad x220 (essential part of the serial number: 4921 http://www.lenovo.com/shop/americas/content/user_guides/x220_x220i_x220tablet_x220itablet_ug_en.pdf) doesnt really have UEFI interface or something, still, these 2 options are listed with all the other usual devices you can give a boot priority to. Right now it looks like this: Boot Priority Order 1. ubuntu 2. Windows Boot Manager 3. USB FDD 4. USB HDD 5. ATA HDD0 HITACHI [random string]

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Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 3 – Creating the constructors

- by SeanMcAlinden

Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 1 – Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and caching mechanism Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 2 – Interceptor Design For the latest code go to http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ When building our proxy type, the first thing we need to do is build the constructors. There needs to be a corresponding constructor for each constructor on the passed in base type. We also want to create a field to store the interceptors and construct this list within each constructor. So assuming the passed in base type is a User<int, IRepository> class, were looking to generate constructor code like the following: Default Constructor public User`2_RapidDynamicBaseProxy() { this.interceptors = new List<IInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>>(); DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>> item = new DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>(); this.interceptors.Add(item); } Parameterised Constructor public User`2_RapidDynamicBaseProxy(IRepository repository1) : base(repository1) { this.interceptors = new List<IInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>>(); DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>> item = new DefaultInterceptor<User<int, IRepository>>(); this.interceptors.Add(item); } As you can see, we first populate a field on the class with a new list of the passed in base type. Construct our DefaultInterceptor class. Add the DefaultInterceptor instance to our interceptor collection. Although this seems like a relatively small task, there is a fair amount of work require to get this going. Instead of going through every line of code – please download the latest from http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ and debug through. In this post I’m going to concentrate on explaining how it works. TypeBuilder The TypeBuilder class is the main class used to create the type. You instantiate a new TypeBuilder using the assembly module we created in part 1. /// <summary> /// Creates a type builder. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TBase">The type of the base class to be proxied.</typeparam> public static TypeBuilder CreateTypeBuilder<TBase>() where TBase : class { TypeBuilder typeBuilder = DynamicModuleCache.Get.DefineType ( CreateTypeName<TBase>(), TypeAttributes.Class | TypeAttributes.Public, typeof(TBase), new Type[] { typeof(IProxy) } ); if (typeof(TBase).IsGenericType) { GenericsHelper.MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase), typeBuilder); } return typeBuilder; } private static string CreateTypeName<TBase>() where TBase : class { return string.Format("{0}_RapidDynamicBaseProxy", typeof(TBase).Name); } As you can see, I’ve create a new public class derived from TBase which also implements my IProxy interface, this is used later for adding interceptors. If the base type is generic, the following GenericsHelper.MakeGenericType method is called. GenericsHelper using System; using System.Reflection.Emit; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types.Helpers { /// <summary> /// Helper class for generic types and methods. /// </summary> internal static class GenericsHelper { /// <summary> /// Makes the typeBuilder a generic. /// </summary> /// <param name="concrete">The concrete.</param> /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param> public static void MakeGenericType(Type baseType, TypeBuilder typeBuilder) { Type[] genericArguments = baseType.GetGenericArguments(); string[] genericArgumentNames = GetArgumentNames(genericArguments); GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameterBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineGenericParameters(genericArgumentNames); typeBuilder.MakeGenericType(genericTypeParameterBuilder); } /// <summary> /// Gets the argument names from an array of generic argument types. /// </summary> /// <param name="genericArguments">The generic arguments.</param> public static string[] GetArgumentNames(Type[] genericArguments) { string[] genericArgumentNames = new string[genericArguments.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < genericArguments.Length; i++) { genericArgumentNames[i] = genericArguments[i].Name; } return genericArgumentNames; } } } As you can see, I’m getting all of the generic argument types and names, creating a GenericTypeParameterBuilder and then using the typeBuilder to make the new type generic. InterceptorsField The interceptors field will store a List<IInterceptor<TBase>>. Fields are simple made using the FieldBuilder class. The following code demonstrates how to create the interceptor field. FieldBuilder interceptorsField = typeBuilder.DefineField( "interceptors", typeof(System.Collections.Generic.List<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(IInterceptor<TBase>)), FieldAttributes.Private ); The field will now exist with the new Type although it currently has no data – we’ll deal with this in the constructor. Add method for interceptorsField To enable us to add to the interceptorsField list, we are going to utilise the Add method that already exists within the System.Collections.Generic.List class. We still however have to create the methodInfo necessary to call the add method. This can be done similar to the following: Add Interceptor Field MethodInfo addInterceptor = typeof(List<>) .MakeGenericType(new Type[] { typeof(IInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase)) }) .GetMethod ( "Add", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic, null, new Type[] { typeof(IInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase)) }, null ); So we’ve create a List<IInterceptor<TBase>> type, then using the type created a method info called Add which accepts an IInterceptor<TBase>. Now in our constructor we can use this to call this.interceptors.Add(// interceptor); Building the Constructors This will be the first hard-core part of the proxy building process so I’m going to show the class and then try to explain what everything is doing. For a clear view, download the source from http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/, go to the test project and debug through the constructor building section. Anyway, here it is: DynamicConstructorBuilder using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Reflection; using System.Reflection.Emit; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Interception; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types.Helpers; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types.Constructors { /// <summary> /// Class for creating the proxy constructors. /// </summary> internal static class DynamicConstructorBuilder { /// <summary> /// Builds the constructors. /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TBase">The base type.</typeparam> /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param> /// <param name="interceptorsField">The interceptors field.</param> public static void BuildConstructors<TBase> ( TypeBuilder typeBuilder, FieldBuilder interceptorsField, MethodInfo addInterceptor ) where TBase : class { ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor = CreateInterceptorsFieldConstructor<TBase>(); ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor = CreateDefaultInterceptorConstructor<TBase>(); ConstructorInfo[] constructors = typeof(TBase).GetConstructors(); foreach (ConstructorInfo constructorInfo in constructors) { CreateConstructor<TBase> ( typeBuilder, interceptorsField, interceptorsFieldConstructor, defaultInterceptorConstructor, addInterceptor, constructorInfo ); } } #region Private Methods private static void CreateConstructor<TBase> ( TypeBuilder typeBuilder, FieldBuilder interceptorsField, ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor, ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor, MethodInfo AddDefaultInterceptor, ConstructorInfo constructorInfo ) where TBase : class { Type[] parameterTypes = GetParameterTypes(constructorInfo); ConstructorBuilder constructorBuilder = CreateConstructorBuilder(typeBuilder, parameterTypes); ILGenerator cIL = constructorBuilder.GetILGenerator(); LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable = cIL.DeclareLocal(typeof(DefaultInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase))); ConstructInterceptorsField(interceptorsField, interceptorsFieldConstructor, cIL); ConstructDefaultInterceptor(defaultInterceptorConstructor, cIL, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable); AddDefaultInterceptorToInterceptorsList ( interceptorsField, AddDefaultInterceptor, cIL, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable ); CreateConstructor(constructorInfo, parameterTypes, cIL); } private static void CreateConstructor(ConstructorInfo constructorInfo, Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); if (parameterTypes.Length > 0) { LoadParameterTypes(parameterTypes, cIL); } cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, constructorInfo); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } private static void LoadParameterTypes(Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL) { for (int i = 1; i <= parameterTypes.Length; i++) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, i); } } private static void AddDefaultInterceptorToInterceptorsList ( FieldBuilder interceptorsField, MethodInfo AddDefaultInterceptor, ILGenerator cIL, LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable ) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, interceptorsField); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, AddDefaultInterceptor); } private static void ConstructDefaultInterceptor ( ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor, ILGenerator cIL, LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable ) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, defaultInterceptorConstructor); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable); } private static void ConstructInterceptorsField ( FieldBuilder interceptorsField, ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor, ILGenerator cIL ) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, interceptorsFieldConstructor); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, interceptorsField); } private static ConstructorBuilder CreateConstructorBuilder(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, Type[] parameterTypes) { return typeBuilder.DefineConstructor ( MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.RTSpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, CallingConventions.Standard, parameterTypes ); } private static Type[] GetParameterTypes(ConstructorInfo constructorInfo) { ParameterInfo[] parameterInfoArray = constructorInfo.GetParameters(); Type[] parameterTypes = new Type[parameterInfoArray.Length]; for (int p = 0; p < parameterInfoArray.Length; p++) { parameterTypes[p] = parameterInfoArray[p].ParameterType; } return parameterTypes; } private static ConstructorInfo CreateInterceptorsFieldConstructor<TBase>() where TBase : class { return ConstructorHelper.CreateGenericConstructorInfo ( typeof(List<>), new Type[] { typeof(IInterceptor<TBase>) }, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic ); } private static ConstructorInfo CreateDefaultInterceptorConstructor<TBase>() where TBase : class { return ConstructorHelper.CreateGenericConstructorInfo ( typeof(DefaultInterceptor<>), new Type[] { typeof(TBase) }, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic ); } #endregion } } So, the first two tasks within the class should be fairly clear, we are creating a ConstructorInfo for the interceptorField list and a ConstructorInfo for the DefaultConstructor, this is for instantiating them in each contructor. We then using Reflection get an array of all of the constructors in the base class, we then loop through the array and create a corresponding proxy contructor. Hopefully, the code is fairly easy to follow other than some new types and the dreaded Opcodes. ConstructorBuilder This class defines a new constructor on the type. ILGenerator The ILGenerator allows the use of Reflection.Emit to create the method body. LocalBuilder The local builder allows the storage of data in local variables within a method, in this case it’s the constructed DefaultInterceptor. Constructing the interceptors field The first bit of IL you’ll come across as you follow through the code is the following private method used for constructing the field list of interceptors. private static void ConstructInterceptorsField ( FieldBuilder interceptorsField, ConstructorInfo interceptorsFieldConstructor, ILGenerator cIL ) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, interceptorsFieldConstructor); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, interceptorsField); } The first thing to know about generating code using IL is that you are using a stack, if you want to use something, you need to push it up the stack etc. etc. OpCodes.ldArg_0 This opcode is a really interesting one, basically each method has a hidden first argument of the containing class instance (apart from static classes), constructors are no different. This is the reason you can use syntax like this.myField. So back to the method, as we want to instantiate the List in the interceptorsField, first we need to load the class instance onto the stack, we then load the new object (new List<TBase>) and finally we store it in the interceptorsField. Hopefully, that should follow easily enough in the method. In each constructor you would now have this.interceptors = new List<User<int, IRepository>>(); Constructing and storing the DefaultInterceptor The next bit of code we need to create is the constructed DefaultInterceptor. Firstly, we create a local builder to store the constructed type. Create a local builder LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable = cIL.DeclareLocal(typeof(DefaultInterceptor<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(TBase))); Once our local builder is ready, we then need to construct the DefaultInterceptor<TBase> and store it in the variable. Connstruct DefaultInterceptor private static void ConstructDefaultInterceptor ( ConstructorInfo defaultInterceptorConstructor, ILGenerator cIL, LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable ) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, defaultInterceptorConstructor); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable); } As you can see, using the ConstructorInfo named defaultInterceptorConstructor, we load the new object onto the stack. Then using the store local opcode (OpCodes.Stloc), we store the new object in the local builder named defaultInterceptorMethodVariable. Add the constructed DefaultInterceptor to the interceptors field collection Using the add method created earlier in this post, we are going to add the new DefaultInterceptor object to the interceptors field collection. Add Default Interceptor private static void AddDefaultInterceptorToInterceptorsList ( FieldBuilder interceptorsField, MethodInfo AddDefaultInterceptor, ILGenerator cIL, LocalBuilder defaultInterceptorMethodVariable ) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, interceptorsField); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, defaultInterceptorMethodVariable); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, AddDefaultInterceptor); } So, here’s whats going on. The class instance is first loaded onto the stack using the load argument at index 0 opcode (OpCodes.Ldarg_0) (remember the first arg is the hidden class instance). The interceptorsField is then loaded onto the stack using the load field opcode (OpCodes.Ldfld). We then load the DefaultInterceptor object we stored locally using the load local opcode (OpCodes.Ldloc). Then finally we call the AddDefaultInterceptor method using the call virtual opcode (Opcodes.Callvirt). Completing the constructor The last thing we need to do is complete the constructor. Complete the constructor private static void CreateConstructor(ConstructorInfo constructorInfo, Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); if (parameterTypes.Length > 0) { LoadParameterTypes(parameterTypes, cIL); } cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, constructorInfo); cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } private static void LoadParameterTypes(Type[] parameterTypes, ILGenerator cIL) { for (int i = 1; i <= parameterTypes.Length; i++) { cIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, i); } } So, the first thing we do again is load the class instance using the load argument at index 0 opcode (OpCodes.Ldarg_0). We then load each parameter using OpCode.Ldarg_S, this opcode allows us to specify an index position for each argument. We then setup calling the base constructor using OpCodes.Call and the base constructors ConstructorInfo. Finally, all methods are required to return, even when they have a void return. As there are no values on the stack after the OpCodes.Call line, we can safely call the OpCode.Ret to give the constructor a void return. If there was a value, we would have to pop the value of the stack before calling return otherwise, the method would try and return a value. Conclusion This was a slightly hardcore post but hopefully it hasn’t been too hard to follow. The main thing is that a number of the really useful opcodes have been used and now the dynamic proxy is capable of being constructed. If you download the code and debug through the tests at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/, you’ll be able to create proxies at this point, they cannon do anything in terms of interception but you can happily run the tests, call base methods and properties and also take a look at the created assembly in Reflector. Hope this is useful. The next post should be up soon, it will be covering creating the private methods for calling the base class methods and properties. Kind Regards, Sean.

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C#/.NET Little Wonders: The Concurrent Collections (1 of 3)

- by James Michael Hare

Once again we consider some of the lesser known classes and keywords of C#. In the next few weeks, we will discuss the concurrent collections and how they have changed the face of concurrent programming. This week’s post will begin with a general introduction and discuss the ConcurrentStack<T> and ConcurrentQueue<T>. Then in the following post we’ll discuss the ConcurrentDictionary<T> and ConcurrentBag<T>. Finally, we shall close on the third post with a discussion of the BlockingCollection<T>. For more of the "Little Wonders" posts, see the index here. A brief history of collections In the beginning was the .NET 1.0 Framework. And out of this framework emerged the System.Collections namespace, and it was good. It contained all the basic things a growing programming language needs like the ArrayList and Hashtable collections. The main problem, of course, with these original collections is that they held items of type object which means you had to be disciplined enough to use them correctly or you could end up with runtime errors if you got an object of a type you weren't expecting. Then came .NET 2.0 and generics and our world changed forever! With generics the C# language finally got an equivalent of the very powerful C++ templates. As such, the System.Collections.Generic was born and we got type-safe versions of all are favorite collections. The List<T> succeeded the ArrayList and the Dictionary<TKey,TValue> succeeded the Hashtable and so on. The new versions of the library were not only safer because they checked types at compile-time, in many cases they were more performant as well. So much so that it's Microsoft's recommendation that the System.Collections original collections only be used for backwards compatibility. So we as developers came to know and love the generic collections and took them into our hearts and embraced them. The problem is, thread safety in both the original collections and the generic collections can be problematic, for very different reasons. Now, if you are only doing single-threaded development you may not care – after all, no locking is required. Even if you do have multiple threads, if a collection is “load-once, read-many” you don’t need to do anything to protect that container from multi-threaded access, as illustrated below: 1: public static class OrderTypeTranslator 2: { 3: // because this dictionary is loaded once before it is ever accessed, we don't need to synchronize 4: // multi-threaded read access 5: private static readonly Dictionary<string, char> _translator = new Dictionary<string, char> 6: { 7: {"New", 'N'}, 8: {"Update", 'U'}, 9: {"Cancel", 'X'} 10: }; 11: 12: // the only public interface into the dictionary is for reading, so inherently thread-safe 13: public static char? Translate(string orderType) 14: { 15: char charValue; 16: if (_translator.TryGetValue(orderType, out charValue)) 17: { 18: return charValue; 19: } 20: 21: return null; 22: } 23: } Unfortunately, most of our computer science problems cannot get by with just single-threaded applications or with multi-threading in a load-once manner. Looking at today's trends, it's clear to see that computers are not so much getting faster because of faster processor speeds -- we've nearly reached the limits we can push through with today's technologies -- but more because we're adding more cores to the boxes. With this new hardware paradigm, it is even more important to use multi-threaded applications to take full advantage of parallel processing to achieve higher application speeds. So let's look at how to use collections in a thread-safe manner. Using historical collections in a concurrent fashion The early .NET collections (System.Collections) had a Synchronized() static method that could be used to wrap the early collections to make them completely thread-safe. This paradigm was dropped in the generic collections (System.Collections.Generic) because having a synchronized wrapper resulted in atomic locks for all operations, which could prove overkill in many multithreading situations. Thus the paradigm shifted to having the user of the collection specify their own locking, usually with an external object: 1: public class OrderAggregator 2: { 3: private static readonly Dictionary<string, List<Order>> _orders = new Dictionary<string, List<Order>>(); 4: private static readonly _orderLock = new object(); 5: 6: public void Add(string accountNumber, Order newOrder) 7: { 8: List<Order> ordersForAccount; 9: 10: // a complex operation like this should all be protected 11: lock (_orderLock) 12: { 13: if (!_orders.TryGetValue(accountNumber, out ordersForAccount)) 14: { 15: _orders.Add(accountNumber, ordersForAccount = new List<Order>()); 16: } 17: 18: ordersForAccount.Add(newOrder); 19: } 20: } 21: } Notice how we’re performing several operations on the dictionary under one lock. With the Synchronized() static methods of the early collections, you wouldn’t be able to specify this level of locking (a more macro-level). So in the generic collections, it was decided that if a user needed synchronization, they could implement their own locking scheme instead so that they could provide synchronization as needed. The need for better concurrent access to collections Here’s the problem: it’s relatively easy to write a collection that locks itself down completely for access, but anything more complex than that can be difficult and error-prone to write, and much less to make it perform efficiently! For example, what if you have a Dictionary that has frequent reads but in-frequent updates? Do you want to lock down the entire Dictionary for every access? This would be overkill and would prevent concurrent reads. In such cases you could use something like a ReaderWriterLockSlim which allows for multiple readers in a lock, and then once a writer grabs the lock it blocks all further readers until the writer is done (in a nutshell). This is all very complex stuff to consider. Fortunately, this is where the Concurrent Collections come in. The Parallel Computing Platform team at Microsoft went through great pains to determine how to make a set of concurrent collections that would have the best performance characteristics for general case multi-threaded use. Now, as in all things involving threading, you should always make sure you evaluate all your container options based on the particular usage scenario and the degree of parallelism you wish to acheive. This article should not be taken to understand that these collections are always supperior to the generic collections. Each fills a particular need for a particular situation. Understanding what each container is optimized for is key to the success of your application whether it be single-threaded or multi-threaded. General points to consider with the concurrent collections The MSDN points out that the concurrent collections all support the ICollection interface. However, since the collections are already synchronized, the IsSynchronized property always returns false, and SyncRoot always returns null. Thus you should not attempt to use these properties for synchronization purposes. Note that since the concurrent collections also may have different operations than the traditional data structures you may be used to. Now you may ask why they did this, but it was done out of necessity to keep operations safe and atomic. For example, in order to do a Pop() on a stack you have to know the stack is non-empty, but between the time you check the stack’s IsEmpty property and then do the Pop() another thread may have come in and made the stack empty! This is why some of the traditional operations have been changed to make them safe for concurrent use. In addition, some properties and methods in the concurrent collections achieve concurrency by creating a snapshot of the collection, which means that some operations that were traditionally O(1) may now be O(n) in the concurrent models. I’ll try to point these out as we talk about each collection so you can be aware of any potential performance impacts. Finally, all the concurrent containers are safe for enumeration even while being modified, but some of the containers support this in different ways (snapshot vs. dirty iteration). Once again I’ll highlight how thread-safe enumeration works for each collection. ConcurrentStack<T>: The thread-safe LIFO container The ConcurrentStack<T> is the thread-safe counterpart to the System.Collections.Generic.Stack<T>, which as you may remember is your standard last-in-first-out container. If you think of algorithms that favor stack usage (for example, depth-first searches of graphs and trees) then you can see how using a thread-safe stack would be of benefit. The ConcurrentStack<T> achieves thread-safe access by using System.Threading.Interlocked operations. This means that the multi-threaded access to the stack requires no traditional locking and is very, very fast! For the most part, the ConcurrentStack<T> behaves like it’s Stack<T> counterpart with a few differences: Pop() was removed in favor of TryPop() Returns true if an item existed and was popped and false if empty. PushRange() and TryPopRange() were added Allows you to push multiple items and pop multiple items atomically. Count takes a snapshot of the stack and then counts the items. This means it is a O(n) operation, if you just want to check for an empty stack, call IsEmpty instead which is O(1). ToArray() and GetEnumerator() both also take snapshots. This means that iteration over a stack will give you a static view at the time of the call and will not reflect updates. Pushing on a ConcurrentStack<T> works just like you’d expect except for the aforementioned PushRange() method that was added to allow you to push a range of items concurrently. 1: var stack = new ConcurrentStack<string>(); 2: 3: // adding to stack is much the same as before 4: stack.Push("First"); 5: 6: // but you can also push multiple items in one atomic operation (no interleaves) 7: stack.PushRange(new [] { "Second", "Third", "Fourth" }); For looking at the top item of the stack (without removing it) the Peek() method has been removed in favor of a TryPeek(). This is because in order to do a peek the stack must be non-empty, but between the time you check for empty and the time you execute the peek the stack contents may have changed. Thus the TryPeek() was created to be an atomic check for empty, and then peek if not empty: 1: // to look at top item of stack without removing it, can use TryPeek. 2: // Note that there is no Peek(), this is because you need to check for empty first. TryPeek does. 3: string item; 4: if (stack.TryPeek(out item)) 5: { 6: Console.WriteLine("Top item was " + item); 7: } 8: else 9: { 10: Console.WriteLine("Stack was empty."); 11: } Finally, to remove items from the stack, we have the TryPop() for single, and TryPopRange() for multiple items. Just like the TryPeek(), these operations replace Pop() since we need to ensure atomically that the stack is non-empty before we pop from it: 1: // to remove items, use TryPop or TryPopRange to get multiple items atomically (no interleaves) 2: if (stack.TryPop(out item)) 3: { 4: Console.WriteLine("Popped " + item); 5: } 6: 7: // TryPopRange will only pop up to the number of spaces in the array, the actual number popped is returned. 8: var poppedItems = new string[2]; 9: int numPopped = stack.TryPopRange(poppedItems); 10: 11: foreach (var theItem in poppedItems.Take(numPopped)) 12: { 13: Console.WriteLine("Popped " + theItem); 14: } Finally, note that as stated before, GetEnumerator() and ToArray() gets a snapshot of the data at the time of the call. That means if you are enumerating the stack you will get a snapshot of the stack at the time of the call. This is illustrated below: 1: var stack = new ConcurrentStack<string>(); 2: 3: // adding to stack is much the same as before 4: stack.Push("First"); 5: 6: var results = stack.GetEnumerator(); 7: 8: // but you can also push multiple items in one atomic operation (no interleaves) 9: stack.PushRange(new [] { "Second", "Third", "Fourth" }); 10: 11: while(results.MoveNext()) 12: { 13: Console.WriteLine("Stack only has: " + results.Current); 14: } The only item that will be printed out in the above code is "First" because the snapshot was taken before the other items were added. This may sound like an issue, but it’s really for safety and is more correct. You don’t want to enumerate a stack and have half a view of the stack before an update and half a view of the stack after an update, after all. In addition, note that this is still thread-safe, whereas iterating through a non-concurrent collection while updating it in the old collections would cause an exception. ConcurrentQueue<T>: The thread-safe FIFO container The ConcurrentQueue<T> is the thread-safe counterpart of the System.Collections.Generic.Queue<T> class. The concurrent queue uses an underlying list of small arrays and lock-free System.Threading.Interlocked operations on the head and tail arrays. Once again, this allows us to do thread-safe operations without the need for heavy locks! The ConcurrentQueue<T> (like the ConcurrentStack<T>) has some departures from the non-concurrent counterpart. Most notably: Dequeue() was removed in favor of TryDequeue(). Returns true if an item existed and was dequeued and false if empty. Count does not take a snapshot It subtracts the head and tail index to get the count. This results overall in a O(1) complexity which is quite good. It’s still recommended, however, that for empty checks you call IsEmpty instead of comparing Count to zero. ToArray() and GetEnumerator() both take snapshots. This means that iteration over a queue will give you a static view at the time of the call and will not reflect updates. The Enqueue() method on the ConcurrentQueue<T> works much the same as the generic Queue<T>: 1: var queue = new ConcurrentQueue<string>(); 2: 3: // adding to queue is much the same as before 4: queue.Enqueue("First"); 5: queue.Enqueue("Second"); 6: queue.Enqueue("Third"); For front item access, the TryPeek() method must be used to attempt to see the first item if the queue. There is no Peek() method since, as you’ll remember, we can only peek on a non-empty queue, so we must have an atomic TryPeek() that checks for empty and then returns the first item if the queue is non-empty. 1: // to look at first item in queue without removing it, can use TryPeek. 2: // Note that there is no Peek(), this is because you need to check for empty first. TryPeek does. 3: string item; 4: if (queue.TryPeek(out item)) 5: { 6: Console.WriteLine("First item was " + item); 7: } 8: else 9: { 10: Console.WriteLine("Queue was empty."); 11: } Then, to remove items you use TryDequeue(). Once again this is for the same reason we have TryPeek() and not Peek(): 1: // to remove items, use TryDequeue. If queue is empty returns false. 2: if (queue.TryDequeue(out item)) 3: { 4: Console.WriteLine("Dequeued first item " + item); 5: } Just like the concurrent stack, the ConcurrentQueue<T> takes a snapshot when you call ToArray() or GetEnumerator() which means that subsequent updates to the queue will not be seen when you iterate over the results. Thus once again the code below will only show the first item, since the other items were added after the snapshot. 1: var queue = new ConcurrentQueue<string>(); 2: 3: // adding to queue is much the same as before 4: queue.Enqueue("First"); 5: 6: var iterator = queue.GetEnumerator(); 7: 8: queue.Enqueue("Second"); 9: queue.Enqueue("Third"); 10: 11: // only shows First 12: while (iterator.MoveNext()) 13: { 14: Console.WriteLine("Dequeued item " + iterator.Current); 15: } Using collections concurrently You’ll notice in the examples above I stuck to using single-threaded examples so as to make them deterministic and the results obvious. Of course, if we used these collections in a truly multi-threaded way the results would be less deterministic, but would still be thread-safe and with no locking on your part required! For example, say you have an order processor that takes an IEnumerable<Order> and handles each other in a multi-threaded fashion, then groups the responses together in a concurrent collection for aggregation. This can be done easily with the TPL’s Parallel.ForEach(): 1: public static IEnumerable<OrderResult> ProcessOrders(IEnumerable<Order> orderList) 2: { 3: var proxy = new OrderProxy(); 4: var results = new ConcurrentQueue<OrderResult>(); 5: 6: // notice that we can process all these in parallel and put the results 7: // into our concurrent collection without needing any external locking! 8: Parallel.ForEach(orderList, 9: order => 10: { 11: var result = proxy.PlaceOrder(order); 12: 13: results.Enqueue(result); 14: }); 15: 16: return results; 17: } Summary Obviously, if you do not need multi-threaded safety, you don’t need to use these collections, but when you do need multi-threaded collections these are just the ticket! The plethora of features (I always think of the movie The Three Amigos when I say plethora) built into these containers and the amazing way they acheive thread-safe access in an efficient manner is wonderful to behold. Stay tuned next week where we’ll continue our discussion with the ConcurrentBag<T> and the ConcurrentDictionary<TKey,TValue>. For some excellent information on the performance of the concurrent collections and how they perform compared to a traditional brute-force locking strategy, see this wonderful whitepaper by the Microsoft Parallel Computing Platform team here. Tweet Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Concurrent Collections,Collections,Multi-Threading,Little Wonders,BlackRabbitCoder,James Michael Hare

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URL protocol handlers in basic Ubuntu Desktop

- by Hibou57

There was a way to register URL protocol handlers with Gconf, which is now obsolete and there seems to be no way to do the same with DConf (or Gsettings, its recommended wrapper). How do one properly register an URL protocol handlers since DConf? Additionally, something looks strange to me (as I don't understand it), on my Ubuntu 12.04 The protocol apt:// should be handled by the apturl command. It is so with my Opera browser, but only because I added this specific association using the browser's configuration facility. Otherwise, in the rest of the environment: Running xdg-open apt://foo.bar opens elinks (my www-browser alternative). Running gnome-open apt://foo.bar opens the Software?Center. Opening gcong-editor, I see a key /desktop/gnome/url-handlers/apt whose value is apturl "%s" and its enable. This configuration seems to be ignored, which is reasonably expected, as GConf is considered obsolete. Opening dconf-editor, I can't see anything related to URL handlers or protocols in /desktop/gnome It looks a bit messy to my eyes (just teasing with this wording, nothing bad) What's underneath? Side note: I'm looking for something which preferably works even when the full desktop environment is not loaded, like when running an i3wm session with only gsettings-daemon (and other stuffs unrelated to this case) is loaded. Update Another way to “register” a protocol handler is with *.desktop files and their MIME-Type; ex. MimeType=application/<the-protocol>;. I found a /usr/share/applications/ubuntu-software-center.desktop with this content: [Desktop Entry] Name=Ubuntu Software Center GenericName=Software Center Comment=Lets you choose from thousands of applications available for Ubuntu Exec=/usr/bin/software-center %u Icon=softwarecenter Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=PackageManager;GTK;System;Settings; MimeType=application/x-deb;application/x-debian-package;x-scheme-handler/apt; StartupNotify=true X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=software-center Keywords=Sources;PPA;Install;Uninstall;Remove;Purchase;Catalogue;Store; This one explains why gnome-open apt://foo.bar opens the Software?Center instead of apturl. So I installed this apturl.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications: [Desktop Entry] Encoding=UTF-8 Version=1.0 Type=Application Terminal=false Exec=/usr/bin/apturl %u Name=APT-URL Comment=APT-URL handler Icon= Categories=Application;Network; MimeType=x-scheme-handler/apt; After update-desktop-database and even after rebooting, both xdg-open and gnome-open still do the same and ignore this user desktop file, which is usual, should override the other in /usr/share/applications/. May be there is something special with desktop files specifying x-scheme-handler MIME type and they are not handled the usual way. The desktop-file way does not answer the question.

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Log message Request and Response in ASP.NET WebAPI

- by Fredrik N

By logging both incoming and outgoing messages for services can be useful in many scenarios, such as debugging, tracing, inspection and helping customers with request problems etc. I have a customer that need to have both incoming and outgoing messages to be logged. They use the information to see strange behaviors and also to help customers when they call in for help (They can by looking in the log see if the customers sends in data in a wrong or strange way). Concerns Most loggings in applications are cross-cutting concerns and should not be a core concern for developers. Logging messages like this: // GET api/values/5 public string Get(int id) { //Cross-cutting concerns Log(string.Format("Request: GET api/values/{0}", id)); //Core-concern var response = DoSomething(); //Cross-cutting concerns Log(string.Format("Reponse: GET api/values/{0}\r\n{1}", id, response)); return response; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } will only result in duplication of code, and unnecessarily concerns for the developers to be aware of, if they miss adding the logging code, no logging will take place. Developers should focus on the core-concern, not the cross-cutting concerns. By just focus on the core-concern the above code will look like this: // GET api/values/5 public string Get(int id) { return DoSomething(); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } The logging should then be placed somewhere else so the developers doesn’t need to focus care about the cross-concern. Using Message Handler for logging There are different ways we could place the cross-cutting concern of logging message when using WebAPI. We can for example create a custom ApiController and override the ApiController’s ExecutingAsync method, or add a ActionFilter, or use a Message Handler. The disadvantage with custom ApiController is that we need to make sure we inherit from it, the disadvantage of ActionFilter, is that we need to add the filter to the controllers, both will modify our ApiControllers. By using a Message Handler we don’t need to do any changes to our ApiControllers. So the best suitable place to add our logging would be in a custom Message Handler. A Message Handler will be used before the HttpControllerDispatcher (The part in the WepAPI pipe-line that make sure the right controller is used and called etc). Note: You can read more about message handlers here, it will give you a good understanding of the WebApi pipe-line. To create a Message Handle we can inherit from the DelegatingHandler class and override the SendAsync method: public class MessageHandler : DelegatingHandler { protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken); } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } If we skip the call to the base.SendAsync our ApiController’s methods will never be invoked, nor other Message Handlers. Everything placed before base.SendAsync will be called before the HttpControllerDispatcher (before WebAPI will take a look at the request which controller and method it should be invoke), everything after the base.SendAsync, will be executed after our ApiController method has returned a response. So a message handle will be a perfect place to add cross-cutting concerns such as logging. To get the content of our response within a Message Handler we can use the request argument of the SendAsync method. The request argument is of type HttpRequestMessage and has a Content property (Content is of type HttpContent. The HttpContent has several method that can be used to read the incoming message, such as ReadAsStreamAsync, ReadAsByteArrayAsync and ReadAsStringAsync etc. Something to be aware of is what will happen when we read from the HttpContent. When we read from the HttpContent, we read from a stream, once we read from it, we can’t be read from it again. So if we read from the Stream before the base.SendAsync, the next coming Message Handlers and the HttpControllerDispatcher can’t read from the Stream because it’s already read, so our ApiControllers methods will never be invoked etc. The only way to make sure we can do repeatable reads from the HttpContent is to copy the content into a buffer, and then read from that buffer. This can be done by using the HttpContent’s LoadIntoBufferAsync method. If we make a call to the LoadIntoBufferAsync method before the base.SendAsync, the incoming stream will be read in to a byte array, and then other HttpContent read operations will read from that buffer if it’s exists instead directly form the stream. There is one method on the HttpContent that will internally make a call to the LoadIntoBufferAsync for us, and that is the ReadAsByteArrayAsync. This is the method we will use to read from the incoming and outgoing message. public abstract class MessageHandler : DelegatingHandler { protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { var requestMessage = await request.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(); var response = await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken); var responseMessage = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(); return response; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } The above code will read the content of the incoming message and then call the SendAsync and after that read from the content of the response message. The following code will add more logic such as creating a correlation id to combine the request with the response, and create a log entry etc: public abstract class MessageHandler : DelegatingHandler { protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { var corrId = string.Format("{0}{1}", DateTime.Now.Ticks, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); var requestInfo = string.Format("{0} {1}", request.Method, request.RequestUri); var requestMessage = await request.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(); await IncommingMessageAsync(corrId, requestInfo, requestMessage); var response = await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken); var responseMessage = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(); await OutgoingMessageAsync(corrId, requestInfo, responseMessage); return response; } protected abstract Task IncommingMessageAsync(string correlationId, string requestInfo, byte[] message); protected abstract Task OutgoingMessageAsync(string correlationId, string requestInfo, byte[] message); } public class MessageLoggingHandler : MessageHandler { protected override async Task IncommingMessageAsync(string correlationId, string requestInfo, byte[] message) { await Task.Run(() => Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} - Request: {1}\r\n{2}", correlationId, requestInfo, Encoding.UTF8.GetString(message)))); } protected override async Task OutgoingMessageAsync(string correlationId, string requestInfo, byte[] message) { await Task.Run(() => Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} - Response: {1}\r\n{2}", correlationId, requestInfo, Encoding.UTF8.GetString(message)))); } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } The code above will show the following in the Visual Studio output window when the “api/values” service (One standard controller added by the default WepAPI template) is requested with a Get http method : 6347483479959544375 - Request: GET http://localhost:3208/api/values 6347483479959544375 - Response: GET http://localhost:3208/api/values ["value1","value2"] .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Register a Message Handler To register a Message handler we can use the Add method of the GlobalConfiguration.Configration.MessageHandlers in for example Global.asax: public class WebApiApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.MessageHandlers.Add(new MessageLoggingHandler()); ... } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Summary By using a Message Handler we can easily remove cross-cutting concerns like logging from our controllers. You can also find the source code used in this blog post on ForkCan.com, feel free to make a fork or add comments, such as making the code better etc. Feel free to follow me on twitter @fredrikn if you want to know when I will write other blog posts etc.

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Grub 'Read Error' - Only Loads with LiveCD

- by Ryan Sharp

Problem After installing Ubuntu to complete my Windows 7/Ubuntu 12.04 dual-boot setup, Grub just wouldn't load at all unless I boot from the LiveCD. Afterwards, everything works completely normal. However, this workaround isn't a solution and I'd like to be able to boot without the aid of a disc. Fdisk -l Using the fdisk -l command, I am given the following: Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders, total 125045424 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x324971d1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 208896 48957439 24374272 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 * 48959486 124067839 37554177 5 Extended /dev/sda5 48959488 124067839 37554176 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc0ee6a69 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1024208894 1953523711 464657409 5 Extended /dev/sdb3 * 2048 1024206847 512102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb5 1024208896 1937897471 456844288 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1937899520 1953523711 7812096 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdc: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x292eee23 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 625141759 312569856 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Bootinfoscript I've used the BootInfoScript, and received the following output: Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive. => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe sda3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: sda5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Boot files: sdb6: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sdb3 starts at sector 200744960. But according to the info from fdisk, sdb3 starts at sector 2048. According to the info in the boot sector, sdb3 has 823461887 sectors, but according to the info from fdisk, it has 1024204799 sectors. Operating System: Boot files: sdc1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders, total 125045424 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda2 208,896 48,957,439 48,748,544 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda3 * 48,959,486 124,067,839 75,108,354 5 Extended /dev/sda5 48,959,488 124,067,839 75,108,352 83 Linux Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 1,024,208,894 1,953,523,711 929,314,818 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1,024,208,896 1,937,897,471 913,688,576 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1,937,899,520 1,953,523,711 15,624,192 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 * 2,048 1,024,206,847 1,024,204,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS Drive: sdc _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdc: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sdc1 2,048 625,141,759 625,139,712 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 A48056DF8056B80E ntfs System Reserved /dev/sda2 A8C6D6A4C6D671D4 ntfs Windows /dev/sda5 fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd ext4 /dev/sdb3 6373D03D0A3747A8 ntfs Steam /dev/sdb5 6f5a6eb3-a932-45aa-893e-045b57708270 ext4 /dev/sdb6 469848c8-867a-41b7-b0e1-b813a43c64af swap /dev/sdc1 725D7B961CF34B1B ntfs backup ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sda5 / ext4 (rw,noatime,nodiratime,discard,errors=remount-ro) /dev/sdb5 /home ext4 (rw) =========================== sda5/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_GB insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "${linux_gfx_mode}" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic root=UUID=fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic root=UUID=fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root A48056DF8056B80E chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root A8C6D6A4C6D671D4 chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda5/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=fd71c537-3715-44e1-b1fe-07537e22b3dd / ext4 noatime,nodiratime,discard,errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /home was on /dev/sdb5 during installation UUID=6f5a6eb3-a932-45aa-893e-045b57708270 /home ext4 defaults 0 2 # swap was on /dev/sdb6 during installation UUID=469848c8-867a-41b7-b0e1-b813a43c64af none swap sw 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda5: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) = boot/grub/core.img 1 = boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 = boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic 2 = boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic 1 = initrd.img 2 = vmlinuz 1 ======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ======================== Unknown BootLoader on sda3 00000000 63 6f 70 69 61 20 65 20 63 6f 6c 61 41 63 65 64 |copia e colaAced| 00000010 65 72 20 61 20 74 6f 64 6f 20 6f 20 74 65 78 74 |er a todo o text| 00000020 6f 20 66 61 6c 61 64 6f 20 75 74 69 6c 69 7a 61 |o falado utiliza| 00000030 6e 64 6f 20 61 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 c3 a3 6f |ndo a convers..o| 00000040 20 64 65 20 74 65 78 74 6f 20 70 61 72 61 20 76 | de texto para v| 00000050 6f 7a 4d 61 6e 69 70 75 6c 61 72 20 61 73 20 64 |ozManipular as d| 00000060 65 66 69 6e 69 c3 a7 c3 b5 65 73 20 71 75 65 20 |efini....es que | 00000070 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 61 6d 20 6f 20 61 63 65 73 |controlam o aces| 00000080 73 6f 20 64 65 20 57 65 62 73 69 74 65 73 20 61 |so de Websites a| 00000090 20 63 6f 6f 6b 69 65 73 2c 20 4a 61 76 61 53 63 | cookies, JavaSc| 000000a0 72 69 70 74 20 65 20 70 6c 75 67 2d 69 6e 73 4d |ript e plug-insM| 000000b0 61 6e 69 70 75 6c 61 72 20 61 73 20 64 65 66 69 |anipular as defi| 000000c0 6e 69 c3 a7 c3 b5 65 73 20 72 65 6c 61 63 69 6f |ni....es relacio| 000000d0 6e 61 64 61 73 20 63 6f 6d 20 70 72 69 76 61 63 |nadas com privac| 000000e0 69 64 61 64 65 41 63 65 64 65 72 20 61 6f 73 20 |idadeAceder aos | 000000f0 73 65 75 73 20 70 65 72 69 66 c3 a9 72 69 63 6f |seus perif..rico| 00000100 73 20 55 53 42 55 74 69 6c 69 7a 61 72 20 6f 20 |s USBUtilizar o | 00000110 73 65 75 20 6d 69 63 72 6f 66 6f 6e 65 55 74 69 |seu microfoneUti| 00000120 6c 69 7a 61 72 20 61 20 73 75 61 20 63 c3 a2 6d |lizar a sua c..m| 00000130 61 72 61 55 74 69 6c 69 7a 61 72 20 6f 20 73 65 |araUtilizar o se| 00000140 75 20 6d 69 63 72 6f 66 6f 6e 65 20 65 20 61 20 |u microfone e a | 00000150 63 c3 a2 6d 61 72 61 4e c3 a3 6f 20 66 6f 69 20 |c..maraN..o foi | 00000160 70 6f 73 73 c3 ad 76 65 6c 20 65 6e 63 6f 6e 74 |poss..vel encont| 00000170 72 61 72 20 6f 20 63 61 6d 69 6e 68 6f 20 61 62 |rar o caminho ab| 00000180 73 6f 6c 75 74 6f 20 70 61 72 61 20 6f 20 64 69 |soluto para o di| 00000190 72 65 63 74 c3 b3 72 69 6f 20 61 20 65 6d 70 61 |rect..rio a empa| 000001a0 63 6f 74 61 72 2e 4f 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 c3 b3 |cotar.O direct..| 000001b0 72 69 6f 20 64 65 20 65 6e 74 72 61 64 61 00 fe |rio de entrada..| 000001c0 ff ff 83 fe ff ff 02 00 00 00 00 10 7a 04 00 00 |............z...| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== xz: (stdin): Compressed data is corrupt xz: (stdin): Compressed data is corrupt awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in Begging / Appreciation ;) If anything else is required to solve my problem, please ask. My only hopes are that I can solve this, and that doing so won't require re-installation of Grub due to how complicated the procedures are, or that I would be needed to reinstall the OS', as I have done so about six times already since friday due to several other issues I've encountered. Thank you, and good day. System Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit / Windows 7 SP1 64-bit 64GB SSD as boot/OS drive, 1TB HDD as /Home Swap and Steam drive.

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Precise explanation of JavaScript <-> DOM circular reference issue

- by Joey Adams

One of the touted advantages of jQuery.data versus raw expando properties (arbitrary attributes you can assign to DOM nodes) is that jQuery.data is "safe from circular references and therefore free from memory leaks". An article from Google titled "Optimizing JavaScript code" goes into more detail: The most common memory leaks for web applications involve circular references between the JavaScript script engine and the browsers' C++ objects' implementing the DOM (e.g. between the JavaScript script engine and Internet Explorer's COM infrastructure, or between the JavaScript engine and Firefox XPCOM infrastructure). It lists two examples of circular reference patterns: DOM element → event handler → closure scope → DOM DOM element → via expando → intermediary object → DOM element However, if a reference cycle between a DOM node and a JavaScript object produces a memory leak, doesn't this mean that any non-trivial event handler (e.g. onclick) will produce such a leak? I don't see how it's even possible for an event handler to avoid a reference cycle, because the way I see it: The DOM element references the event handler. The event handler references the DOM (either directly or indirectly). In any case, it's almost impossible to avoid referencing window in any interesting event handler, short of writing a setInterval loop that reads actions from a global queue. Can someone provide a precise explanation of the JavaScript ↔ DOM circular reference problem? Things I'd like clarified: What browsers are effected? A comment in the jQuery source specifically mentions IE6-7, but the Google article suggests Firefox is also affected. Are expando properties and event handlers somehow different concerning memory leaks? Or are both of these code snippets susceptible to the same kind of memory leak? // Create an expando that references to its own element. var elem = document.getElementById('foo'); elem.myself = elem; // Create an event handler that references its own element. var elem = document.getElementById('foo'); elem.onclick = function() { elem.style.display = 'none'; }; If a page leaks memory due to a circular reference, does the leak persist until the entire browser application is closed, or is the memory freed when the window/tab is closed?

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How do I 'globally' catch exceptions thrown in object instances.

- by SleepyBobos

I am currently writing a winforms application (C#). I am making use of the Enterprise Library Exception Handling Block, following a fairly standard approach from what I can see. IE : In the Main method of Program.cs I have wired up event handler to Application.ThreadException event etc. This approach works well and handles the applications exceptional circumstances. In one of my business objects I throw various exceptions in the Set accessor of one of the objects properties set { if (value > MaximumTrim) throw new CustomExceptions.InvalidTrimValue("The value of the minimum trim..."); if (!availableSubMasterWidthSatisfiesAllPatterns(value)) throw new CustomExceptions.InvalidTrimValue("Another message..."); _minimumTrim = value; } My logic for this approach (without turning this into a 'when to throw exceptions' discussion) is simply that the business objects are responsible for checking business rule constraints and throwing an exception that can bubble up and be caught as required. It should be noted that in the UI of my application I do explictly check the values that the public property is being set to (and take action there displaying friendly dialog etc) but with throwing the exception I am also covering the situation where my business object may not be used by a UI eg : the Property is being set by another business object for example. Anyway I think you all get the idea. My issue is that these exceptions are not being caught by the handler wired up to Application.ThreadException and I don't understand why. From other reading I have done the Application.ThreadException event and it handler "... catches any exception that occurs on the main GUI thread". Are the exceptions being raised in my business object not in this thread? I have not created any new threads. I can get the approach to work if I update the code as follows, explicity calling the event handler that is wired to Application.ThreadException. This is the approach outlined in Enterprise Library samples. However this approach requires me to wrap any exceptions thrown in a try catch, something I was trying to avoid by using a 'global' handler to start with. try { if (value > MaximumTrim) throw new CustomExceptions.InvalidTrimValue("The value of the minimum..."); if (!availableSubMasterWidthSatisfiesAllPatterns(value)) throw new CustomExceptions.InvalidTrimValue("Another message"); _minimumTrim = value; } catch (Exception ex) { Program.ThreadExceptionHandler.ProcessUnhandledException(ex); } I have also investigated using wiring a handler up to AppDomain.UnhandledException event but this does not catch the exceptions either. I would be good if someone could explain to me why my exceptions are not being caught by my global exception handler in the first code sample. Is there another approach I am missing or am I stuck with wrapping code in try catch, shown above, as required?

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pxe boot fails with message: no DEFAULT or UI configuration directive found

- by spockaroo

I am trying to pxe-boot a machine (client), and in the process I am trying to setup a tftp server that this machine can boot off. On the server, which runs Ubuntu 10.10, I have setup dhcp, dns, nfs, and tftp-hpa servers. All the servers/deamons start fine. I tested the tftp server by using a tftp client and downloading a file that the server directory hosts. My /etc/xinet.d/tftp looks like this service tftp { disable = no socket_type = dgram wait = yes user = nobody server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -v -s /var/lib/tftpboot only_from = 10.1.0.0/24 interface = 10.1.0.1 } My /etc/default/tftpd-hpa looks like this RUN_DAEMON="yes" OPTIONS="-l -s /var/lib/tftpboot" TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/var/lib/tftpboot" TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure" My /var/lib/tftpboot/ directory looks like this initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic-pae vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic-pae pxelinux.0 pxelinux.cfg -- default I did sudo chmod 644 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default chmod 755 /var/lib/tftpboot/initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic-pae chmod 755 /var/lib/tftpboot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic-pae /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg has the following contents SERIAL 0 19200 0 LABEL linux KERNEL vmlinuz-2.6.35-25-generic-pae APPEND root=/dev/nfs initrd=initrd.img-2.6.35-25-generic-pae nfsroot=10.1.0.1:/nfsroot ip=dhcp console=ttyS0,19200n8 rw I copied /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0 from /usr/lib/syslinux/ after installing the package syslinux-common. Also just for completeness, /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf the following lines (relevant to this interface) subnet 10.1.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 10.1.0.100 10.1.0.240; option routers 10.1.0.1; option broadcast-address 10.1.0.255; option domain-name-servers 10.1.0.1; filename "pxelinux.0"; } When I boot the client machine, and watch the output over the serial port, I notice that the client requests an ip address from the server and gets it. Then I see TFTP being displayed - indicating that it is trying to connect to the TFTP server. This succeeds, and I see TFTP.|, which return immediately displaying the following message PXELINUX 4.01 debian-20100714 Copyright (C) 1994-2010 H. Peter Anvin et al No DEFAULT or UI configuration directive found! boot: /var/log/syslog shows Feb 20 15:24:05 ch in.tftpd[2821]: tftp: client does not accept options What option is it talking about in the syslog? I assume it is referring to OPTIONS or TFTP_OPTIONS, but what am I doing wrong?

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How to associate document files with MS Office 2010 Beta?

- by Semyon Perepelitsa

I've installed MS Office 2010 Beta (OneClick technology). All apps launch from 1 program, Word for example has this link: "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\microsoft shared\Virtualization Handler\CVH.EXE" "Microsoft Word 2010 (Beta) 2014006204190000" Or OneNote: "C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\microsoft shared\Virtualization Handler\CVH.EXE" "Microsoft OneNote 2010 (Beta) 2014006204190000" Because of that I can't associate files with Office programs in file properties, they actually associate with “Microsoft Office Client Virtualization Handler” (CVH.EXE). Anyone know another way to do that?

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500 Internal Server Error after changing .NET Framework Version to 4.0 in IIS7

- by René

I just changed my .NET Framework Version of the Application Pools in IIS7 Manager, following these instructions. Now when I try to re-upload my ASP.Net page, it shows me a 500 - Internal server error. I have tried uploading it in .net 2.0(X86, X64, AnyCPU), and 4.0(X86, X64, AnyCPU), and everything gives the same error. This is all the details the error gives me: "There is a problem with the resource you are looking for, and it cannot be displayed." When keeping the .NET version on 2.0 on the server, it works just fine. Also, when uploading "index.htm", it works fine as well, it just shows the HTML page. This is on Windows Server 2008 R2, by the way. EDIT: I have finally found out how to get the error details. Here they are: "Handler "PageHandlerFactory-Integrated" has a bad module "ManagedPipelineHandler" in its module list." "Most likely causes: •Managed handler is used; however, ASP.NET is not installed or is not installed completely. •There is a typographical error in the configuration for the handler module list. Things you can try: •Install ASP.NET if you are using managed handler. •Ensure that the handler module's name is specified correctly. Module names are case-sensitive and use the format modules="StaticFileModule,DefaultDocumentModule,DirectoryListingModule"." I am sure that I have installed ASP.NET completely. Please help me, -René

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BES Express - configure MDS to push messages from 3rd party web application

- by Max Gontar

Hi! I have developed IIS web service to send PAP messages using Blackberry Push API over MDS. And there is an application installed on device, configured to receive push messages on appropriate port. Everything works well on MDS simulator. But it's not working well in real environment: I have installed BES Express and register several devices. I can browse MDS url with appropriate port, so url is correct. Also port enabled for reliable pushes is used in push message and in device application. Here is MDS simulator log: <2011-01-12 14:00:03.456 EET>:[272]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = PapServlet: request from 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 564 bytes...> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.476 EET>:[273]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = Mapping PAP request to push request for pushID:pushID:asdas> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.479 EET>:[274]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = PushServlet: POST request from [UNKNOWN @ 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1] to [PAPDEST=WAPPUSH%3D2100000A%253A100%2FTYPE%3DUSER%40rim.net&PORT=100&REQUESTURI=/] : -1 bytes...> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.480 EET>:[275]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = submitting push message with id:pushID:asdas> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.482 EET>:[276]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = Executing push submit command for pushID:pushID:asdas> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.483 EET>:[278]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = Pushing message to: 2100000a> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.484 EET>:[279]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = Number of active push connections:1> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.489 EET>:[280]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = added server-initiated connection = -872546301, push id = pushID:asdas> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.491 EET>:[281]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = Available threads in DefaultJobPool = 9 running JobRunner: DefaultJobRunner-7> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.494 EET>:[282]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = ReceivedFromServer, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION => <2011-01-12 14:00:03.494 EET>:[282]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = ReceivedFromServer, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION = [Transmission Line Section]:> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.494 EET>:[282]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = ReceivedFromServer, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION = POST / HTTP/1.1> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.494 EET>:[282]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = ReceivedFromServer, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION = [Headers Section]: 8 headers> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.494 EET>:[282]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = ReceivedFromServer, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION = [Parameters Section]: 3 parameters> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.499 EET>:[283]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = SentToDevice, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION => <2011-01-12 14:00:03.499 EET>:[283]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = SentToDevice, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION = [Transmission Line Section]:> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.499 EET>:[283]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = SentToDevice, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION = POST / HTTP/1.1> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.499 EET>:[283]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = SentToDevice, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION = [Headers Section]: 9 headers> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.499 EET>:[283]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, HANDLER = HTTP, EVENT = SentToDevice, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, HTTPTRANSMISSION = [Parameters Section]: 3 parameters> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.501 EET>:[284]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = Finished JobRunner: DefaultJobRunner-7, available threads in DefaultJobPool = 10, time spent = 8ms> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.521 EET>:[287]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, EVENT = CreatedSendingQueue, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.526 EET>:[290]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, EVENT = Sending, TAG = 1288699908, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a, VERSION = 16, CONNECTIONID = -872546301, SEQUENCE = 0, TYPE = NOTIFY-REQUEST, CONNECTIONHANDLER = http, PROTOCOL = TCP, PARAMETERS = [MGONTAR/10.10.0.35:100], SIZE = 339> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.531 EET>:[291]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = Number of active push connections:0> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.591 EET>:[292]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, EVENT = Notification, TAG = 1288699908, STATE = DELIVERED> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.600 EET>:[296]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, EVENT = Device connections: AVG latency (msecs)79> <2011-01-12 14:00:03.600 EET>:[297]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, Removed push connection:-872546301> <2011-01-12 14:00:07.015 EET>:[298]:<MDS-CS_MDS>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, EVENT = RemovedSendingQueue, DEVICEPIN = 2100000a> And here is real MDS log: <2011-01-12 11:35:02.763 GMT>:[3932]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, PapServlet: request from 192.168.1.241 583 bytes...> <2011-01-12 11:35:02.897 GMT>:[3933]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, Mapping PAP request to push request for pushID:pushID:sdfsdfwerwer> <2011-01-12 11:35:02.909 GMT>:[3934]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, PushServlet: POST request from [UNKNOWN @ 192.168.1.241] to [PAPDEST=WAPPUSH%3D22D7F6BD%253A7874%2FTYPE%3DUSER%40rim.net&PORT=7874&REQUESTURI=/]> <2011-01-12 11:35:02.909 GMT>:[3934]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<push id: pushID:sdfsdfwerwer> <2011-01-12 11:35:02.910 GMT>:[3935]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, submitting push message with id:pushID:sdfsdfwerwer> <2011-01-12 11:35:02.910 GMT>:[3936]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, Executing push submit command for pushID:pushID:sdfsdfwerwer> <2011-01-12 11:35:02.911 GMT>:[3937]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, Pushing message to: 22d7f6bd> <2011-01-12 11:35:02.912 GMT>:[3938]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, Number of active push connections:1> <2011-01-12 11:35:02.931 GMT>:[3939]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, added server-initiated connection = -1848311806, push id = pushID:sdfsdfwerwer> <2011-01-12 11:35:03.240 GMT>:[3940]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, EVENT = CreatedSendingQueue, DEVICEPIN = 22d7f6bd, USERID = u3> <2011-01-12 11:35:03.241 GMT>:[3941]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, EVENT = Sending, TAG = 536543251, DEVICEPIN = 22d7f6bd, USERID = u3, VERSION = 16, CONNECTIONID = -1848311806, SEQUENCE = 0, TYPE = NOTIFY-REQUEST, CONNECTIONHANDLER = http, PROTOCOL = TCP, PARAMETERS = [LDN-Server1/192.168.1.240:7874], SIZE = 383> <2011-01-12 11:35:03.241 GMT>:[3942]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, Number of active push connections:0> <2011-01-12 11:35:03.253 GMT>:[3943]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SRP, SRPID = S27700165[LDN-SERVER1:3200], EVENT = Sending, VERSION = 1, COMMAND = SEND, TAG = 536543251, SIZE = 570> <2011-01-12 11:35:03.838 GMT>:[3944]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SRP, SRPID = S27700165[LDN-SERVER1:3200], EVENT = Receiving, VERSION = 1, COMMAND = STATUS, TAG = 536543251, SIZE = 10, STATE = DELIVERED> <2011-01-12 11:35:04.104 GMT>:[3945]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, EVENT = Notification, TAG = 536543251, STATE = DELIVERED> <2011-01-12 11:35:04.121 GMT>:[3946]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, Device connections: AVG latency (msecs)893> <2011-01-12 11:35:04.135 GMT>:[3947]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<INFO >:<LAYER = IPPP, DEVICEPIN = 22d7f6bd, DOMAINNAME = LDN-Server1/192.168.1.240, CONNECTION_TYPE = PUSH_CONN, ConnectionId = -1848311806, DURATION(ms) = 1151, MFH_KBytes = 0, MTH_KBytes = 0.374, MFH_PACKET_COUNT = 0, MTH_PACKET_COUNT = 1> <2011-01-12 11:35:04.144 GMT>:[3948]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, Removed push connection:-1848311806> <2011-01-12 11:35:09.264 GMT>:[3949]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = IPPP, EVENT = RemovedSendingQueue, DEVICEPIN = 22d7f6bd, USERID = u3> <2011-01-12 11:35:58.187 GMT>:[3950]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SRP, SRPID = S27700165[LDN-SERVER1:3200], EVENT = Sending, VERSION = 1, COMMAND = INFO, SIZE = 46> <2011-01-12 11:35:58.187 GMT>:[3951]:<MDS-CS_LDN-SERVER1_MDS-CS_1>:<DEBUG>:<LAYER = SCM, Sent health to S27700165[LDN-SERVER1:3200] Health=[0x 0000 0007 0000 0000],Mask=[0x 0000 0007 0000 0000],Load=[60]> As you can see, logs not really differs, message is marked as delivered. But my app on device not really gets this message (as it works in mds simulator) Please advice me, what may be wrong? Is there some certificate to install or security settings I should configure to make this push message came to device application? Thank you! same question on bbforums

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compiling openss7

- by deddihp

hello, i got an error while compiling openss7. Do you know what happen ? Thanks.... gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -DLFS=1 -imacros ./config.h -imacros ./include/sys/config.h -I. -I./include -I./include -nostdinc -iwithprefix include -DLINUX -D__KERNEL__ -I/usr/src/linux-headers-lbm-2.6.28-11-generic -I/lib/modules/2.6.28-11-generic/build/include -Iinclude2 -I/lib/modules/2.6.28-11-generic/build/include -I/lib/modules/2.6.28-11-generic/build/arch/x86/include -include /lib/modules/2.6.28-11-generic/build/include/linux/autoconf.h -Iubuntu/include -I/lib/modules/2.6.28-11-generic/build/ubuntu/include -I/lib/modules/2.6.28-11-generic/build/arch/x86/include/asm/mach-default '-DKBUILD_STR(s)=#s' '-DKBUILD_BASENAME=KBUILD_STR('`echo libLfS_specfs_a-specfs.o | sed -e 's,lib.*_a-,,;s,\.o,,;s,-,_,g'`')' -DMODULE -D__NO_VERSION__ -DEXPORT_SYMTAB -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -O2 -m32 -msoft-float -mregparm=3 -freg-struct-return -mpreferred-stack-boundary=2 -march=i586 -mtune=generic -Wa,-mtune=generic32 -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow -fno-stack-protector -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign -fwrapv -ffreestanding -c -o libLfS_specfs_a-specfs.o `test -f 'src/kernel/specfs.c' || echo './'`src/kernel/specfs.c In file included from src/kernel/specfs.c:123: src/kernel/strspecfs.c: In function ‘specfs_init_cache’: src/kernel/strspecfs.c:1406: warning: passing argument 5 of ‘kmem_cache_create’ from incompatible pointer type src/kernel/strspecfs.c:1406: error: too many arguments to function ‘kmem_cache_create’ In file included from src/kernel/specfs.c:126: src/kernel/strlookup.c: In function ‘cdev_lookup’: src/kernel/strlookup.c:508: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c:514: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c:521: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c: In function ‘cdrv_lookup’: src/kernel/strlookup.c:562: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c: In function ‘fmod_lookup’: src/kernel/strlookup.c:604: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c: In function ‘cdev_search’: src/kernel/strlookup.c:709: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c:716: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c: In function ‘fmod_search’: src/kernel/strlookup.c:768: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c: In function ‘cmin_search’: src/kernel/strlookup.c:823: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c:830: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c:840: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments src/kernel/strlookup.c:848: warning: format not a string literal and no format arguments In file included from src/kernel/specfs.c:129: src/kernel/strattach.c: In function ‘check_mnt’: src/kernel/strattach.c:131: error: ‘struct vfsmount’ has no member named ‘mnt_namespace’ src/kernel/strattach.c:131: error: ‘struct task_struct’ has no member named ‘namespace’ src/kernel/strattach.c: In function ‘do_fattach’: src/kernel/strattach.c:200: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘dentry’ src/kernel/strattach.c:200: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘mnt’ src/kernel/strattach.c:200: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘dentry’ src/kernel/strattach.c:203: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘mnt’ src/kernel/strattach.c:208: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘mnt’ src/kernel/strattach.c:208: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘mnt’ src/kernel/strattach.c:208: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘dentry’ src/kernel/strattach.c:226: error: implicit declaration of function ‘path_release’ src/kernel/strattach.c: In function ‘do_fdetach’: src/kernel/strattach.c:253: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘dentry’ src/kernel/strattach.c:253: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘mnt’ src/kernel/strattach.c:255: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘mnt’ src/kernel/strattach.c:257: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘dentry’ src/kernel/strattach.c:262: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘mnt’ src/kernel/strattach.c:265: error: ‘struct nameidata’ has no member named ‘mnt’ In file included from src/kernel/specfs.c:132: src/kernel/strpipe.c: In function ‘do_spipe’: src/kernel/strpipe.c:372: warning: assignment discards qualifiers from pointer target type make[4]: *** [libLfS_specfs_a-specfs.o] Error 1 make[4]: Leaving directory `/home/deddihp/dev/source/openss7-0.9.2.G/streams-0.9.2.4' make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/deddihp/dev/source/openss7-0.9.2.G/streams-0.9.2.4' make[2]: *** [all] Error 2 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/deddihp/dev/source/openss7-0.9.2.G/streams-0.9.2.4' make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/deddihp/dev/source/openss7-0.9.2.G' make: *** [all] Error 2

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Adobe pdf icon disappeared!

- by Nano8Blazex

Starting last week I've noticed that all my pdf files now have a generic white document as an icon instead of the original Adobe pdf icon... I've reinstalled Adobe Reader, repaired it, and have had no success in getting the original icon back. The generic document icon is really getting into my head now... it's just... generic. Is there any way to fix this?

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Insane SmartGWT + GWT situation... Error on instantiating ListGridRecord?

- by Xandel

Hi all, I am asking this here in the hope that someone has maybe come across this situation too... I have posted this on the SmartGWT forum: I am having an issue when trying to instantiate a ListGridRecord object on my server side. I am using the ListGrid on the client side, I want to use GWT's RPC to pass back an array of ListGridRecord objects to populate the grid with. I know that SmartGWT is designed to link to a datasource but I want full control over when I populate the grid and this shouldn't be as much of a nightmare as it is to do. I have searched high and low and cannot find anyone complaining about the same thing. The exception however (listed below) has come up (in my search findings) as a possible memory error - where increasing the memory (-Xmx512m argument) has apparently solved the problem. It did not, however, sort out mine. If anyone can shed any light on this I would greatly appreciate it! Here are my details: Developing using Eclipse Galileo on Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty) and GWT 2.0.3, I built the initial GWT project using the webAppCreator bundled with the GWT 2.0.3 release and imported the project into Eclipse as described on the GWT Getting Started Page (as using the GWT Eclipse plugin caused even more nightmares when trying to connect to a database - this is apparently due to using the Google App Engine and turning it off as all the posts suggested only causes ClassNotFound exceptions). The line that causes the error is literally: ListGridRecord a = new ListGridRecord(); The error I get is the following: 00:00:25.916 [WARN] Exception while dispatching incoming RPC call com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.UnexpectedException : Service method 'public abstract java.lang.String za.co.company.product.client.service.EmployeeServi ce.getAllEmployeeAsListGridRecord()' threw an unexpected exception: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: com.smartgwt.client.util.LogUtil.setJSNIErrorHandl er()V at com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.RPC.encodeResponseF orFailure(RPC.java:378) at com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.RPC.invokeAndEncode Response(RPC.java:581) at com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.RemoteServiceServle t.processCall(RemoteServiceServlet.java:188) at com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.RemoteServiceServle t.processPost(RemoteServiceServlet.java:224) at com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.AbstractRemoteServi ceServlet.doPost(AbstractRemoteServiceServlet.java :62) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet .java:637) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet .java:717) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.handle(Ser vletHolder.java:487) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.handle(Se rvletHandler.java:362) at org.mortbay.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle( SecurityHandler.java:216) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.SessionHandler.handle(Se ssionHandler.java:181) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.handle(Co ntextHandler.java:729) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.handle(WebA ppContext.java:405) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(Ha ndlerWrapper.java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.RequestLogHandler.handle (RequestLogHandler.java:49) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(Ha ndlerWrapper.java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.handle(Server.java:324) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handleRequest(Htt pConnection.java:505) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection$RequestHandler.co ntent(HttpConnection.java:843) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseNext(HttpParser. java:647) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseAvailable(HttpPa rser.java:211) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handle(HttpConnec tion.java:380) at org.mortbay.io.nio.SelectChannelEndPoint.run(Selec tChannelEndPoint.java:395) at org.mortbay.thread.QueuedThreadPool$PoolThread.run (QueuedThreadPool.java:488) Caused by: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: com.smartgwt.client.util.LogUtil.setJSNIErrorHandl er()V at com.smartgwt.client.util.LogUtil.setJSNIErrorHandl er(Native Method) at com.smartgwt.client.core.JsObject.(JsObjec t.java:30) at za.co.company.product.server.service.EmployeeServi ceImpl.getAllEmployeeAsListGridRecord(EmployeeServ iceImpl.java:83) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Nativ e Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Native MethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(De legatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.RPC.invokeAndEncode Response(RPC.java:562) at com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.RemoteServiceServle t.processCall(RemoteServiceServlet.java:188) at com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.RemoteServiceServle t.processPost(RemoteServiceServlet.java:224) at com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.AbstractRemoteServi ceServlet.doPost(AbstractRemoteServiceServlet.java :62) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet .java:637) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet .java:717) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.handle(Ser vletHolder.java:487) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.handle(Se rvletHandler.java:362) at org.mortbay.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle( SecurityHandler.java:216) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.SessionHandler.handle(Se ssionHandler.java:181) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.handle(Co ntextHandler.java:729) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.handle(WebA ppContext.java:405) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(Ha ndlerWrapper.java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.RequestLogHandler.handle (RequestLogHandler.java:49) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(Ha ndlerWrapper.java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.handle(Server.java:324) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handleRequest(Htt pConnection.java:505) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection$RequestHandler.co ntent(HttpConnection.java:843) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseNext(HttpParser. java:647) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseAvailable(HttpPa rser.java:211) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handle(HttpConnec tion.java:380) at org.mortbay.io.nio.SelectChannelEndPoint.run(Selec tChannelEndPoint.java:395) at org.mortbay.thread.QueuedThreadPool$PoolThread.run (QueuedThreadPool.java:488) Thanks in advance! Xandel

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Install VirtualBox on Ubuntu 12.04.1 (on [Samsung] Chromebook)

- by iphonedev7

I have dual booted Ubuntu Linux 12.04.1 LTS on my Samsung Series 5 ChromeBook, and am trying to run/install Oracle VirtualBox (from the generic .run file downloaded from their website). However, every time I try to run it (as root from the command line), it gives me the following error occurs: Please install the build and header files for your current Linux kernel. The current kernel version is 3.4.0 Problems were found which would prevent VirtualBox from installing. I have tried the version from the Software Center, as well as the command line installation, both of which gave me errors based on my linux-headers/linux-kernel/linux-[kernel]-image. Here's an error I keep getting (on the command line): First Installation: checking all kernels... It is likely that 3.4.0 belongs to a chroot's host Building only for 3.5.0-18-generic Building initial module for 3.5.0-18-generic ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-3.5.0-18-generic is not supported Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.5.0-18-generic (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/4.1.12/build/make.log for more information. Setting up virtualbox-qt (4.1.12-dfsg-2ubuntu0.2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place ...And one of the more cryptic errors I get when trying to start any Virtual Machine: Result Code: NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005) Component: Machine Interface: IMachine {5eaa9319-62fc-4b0a-843c-0cb1940f8a91}

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Howto change Axis server-config.wsdd sothat we don't expect a SOAPAction

- by GKForcare

The problem I'm facing is that the client of my service will never send me a SOAPAction header. How can I tell Axis to still map to the incomming call to my service implementation anyway. I did bump into tricks like adding a Handler like this: <handler name="ReportMapper" type="java:com.mycompany.project.ReportMapper"/> <transport name="http"> <requestFlow> <handler type="ReportMapper"/> <handler type="URLMapper"/> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.HTTPAuthHandler"/> </requestFlow> <parameter name="qs:list" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSListHandler"/> <parameter name="qs:wsdl" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSWSDLHandler"/> <parameter name="qs.list" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSListHandler"/> <parameter name="qs.method" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSMethodHandler"/> <parameter name="qs:method" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSMethodHandler"/> <parameter name="qs.wsdl" value="org.apache.axis.transport.http.QSWSDLHandler"/> </transport>

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New entries on the GRUB

- by Kiewic

Hello. I updated my Ubuntu, and after that there were two new lines on my GRUB screen. Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-16-generic Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-16-generic (recovery mode) Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-11-generic Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-11-generic (recovey mode) Ubuntu 9.04, memtest86+ Other operating systems: Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition Do I have two kernels installed? Do the old entries are still useful? Each kernel takes up space? :P And that's not all, when a get into the old version of Ubuntu, the wireless card stops working on any Ubuntu version until I get into Windows and then go back to Ubuntu. Thanks for your help.

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How do I correct the kernel version loaded by Grub2 in Ubuntu 12.04

- by Paul D'Ambra

I have a linux vps running Ubuntu 12.04 and when I run uname-r it replies: paul@webforms:~$ uname -r 2.6.32.33-kvm-i386-20111128-dirty paul@webforms:~$ sudo grub-install -v grub-install (GRUB) 1.99-21ubuntu3.1 if I run update-grub I get: paul@webforms:~$ sudo update-grub Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic-pae Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-26-generic-pae Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-15-generic-pae Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-15-generic-pae done and then rebooting gives me the same dirty kernel I'm going round in circles and as a relative noob I'm sure I must be missing something obvious so over to the hive-mind!!

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Nginx + PHP-FPM on Centos 6.5 gives me 502 Bad Gateway (fpm error: unable to read what child say: Bad file descriptor)

- by Latheesan Kanes

I am setting up a standard LEMP stack. My current setup is giving me the following error: 502 Bad Gateway This is what is currently installed on my server: Here's the configurations I've created/updated so far, can some one take a look at the following and see where the error might be? I've already checked my logs, there's nothing in there (http://i.imgur.com/iRq3ksb.png). And I saw the following in /var/log/php-fpm/error.log file. sidenote: both the nginx and php-fpm has been configured to run under a local account called www-data and the following folders exits on the server nginx.conf global nginx configuration user www-data; worker_processes 6; worker_rlimit_nofile 100000; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log crit; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; multi_accept on; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # cache informations about FDs, frequently accessed files can boost performance open_file_cache max=200000 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_valid 30s; open_file_cache_min_uses 2; open_file_cache_errors on; # to boost IO on HDD we can disable access logs access_log off; # copies data between one FD and other from within the kernel # faster then read() + write() sendfile on; # send headers in one peace, its better then sending them one by one tcp_nopush on; # don't buffer data sent, good for small data bursts in real time tcp_nodelay on; # server will close connection after this time keepalive_timeout 60; # number of requests client can make over keep-alive -- for testing keepalive_requests 100000; # allow the server to close connection on non responding client, this will free up memory reset_timedout_connection on; # request timed out -- default 60 client_body_timeout 60; # if client stop responding, free up memory -- default 60 send_timeout 60; # reduce the data that needs to be sent over network gzip on; gzip_min_length 10240; gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth; gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."; # Load vHosts include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } conf.d/www.domain.com.conf my vhost entry ## Nginx php-fpm Upstream upstream wwwdomaincom { server unix:/var/run/php-fcgi-www-data.sock; } ## Global Config client_max_body_size 10M; server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; ## Web Server Config server { ## Server Info listen 80; server_name domain.com *.domain.com; root /home/www-data/public_html; index index.html index.php; ## Error log error_log /home/www-data/logs/nginx-errors.log; ## DocumentRoot setup location / { try_files $uri $uri/ @handler; expires 30d; } ## These locations would be hidden by .htaccess normally #location /app/ { deny all; } ## Disable .htaccess and other hidden files location /. { return 404; } ## Magento uses a common front handler location @handler { rewrite / /index.php; } ## Forward paths like /js/index.php/x.js to relevant handler location ~ .php/ { rewrite ^(.*.php)/ $1 last; } ## Execute PHP scripts location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; expires off; fastcgi_read_timeout 900; fastcgi_pass wwwdomaincom; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } ## GZip Compression gzip on; gzip_comp_level 8; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain application/xml text/css text/js application/x-javascript; } /etc/php-fpm.d/www-data.conf my php-fpm pool config ## Nginx php-fpm Upstream upstream wwwdomaincom { server unix:/var/run/php-fcgi-www-data.sock; } ## Global Config client_max_body_size 10M; server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; ## Web Server Config server { ## Server Info listen 80; server_name domain.com *.domain.com; root /home/www-data/public_html; index index.html index.php; ## Error log error_log /home/www-data/logs/nginx-errors.log; ## DocumentRoot setup location / { try_files $uri $uri/ @handler; expires 30d; } ## These locations would be hidden by .htaccess normally #location /app/ { deny all; } ## Disable .htaccess and other hidden files location /. { return 404; } ## Magento uses a common front handler location @handler { rewrite / /index.php; } ## Forward paths like /js/index.php/x.js to relevant handler location ~ .php/ { rewrite ^(.*.php)/ $1 last; } ## Execute PHP scripts location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; expires off; fastcgi_read_timeout 900; fastcgi_pass wwwdomaincom; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } ## GZip Compression gzip on; gzip_comp_level 8; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain application/xml text/css text/js application/x-javascript; } I've got a file in /home/www-data/public_html/index.php with the code <?php phpinfo(); ?> (file uploaded as user www-data).

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Nginx deny doesn't work for folder files

- by user195191

I'm trying to restrict access to my site to allow only specific IPs and I've got the following problem: when I access www.example.com deny works perfectly, but when I try to access www.example.com/index.php it returns "Access denied" page AND php file is downloaded directly in browser without processing. I do want to deny access to all the files on the website for all IPs but mine. How should I do that? Here's the config I have: server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /var/www/example; location / { index index.html index.php; ## Allow a static html file to be shown first try_files $uri $uri/ @handler; ## If missing pass the URI to front handler expires 30d; ## Assume all files are cachable allow my.public.ip; deny all; } location @handler { ## Common front handler rewrite / /index.php; } location ~ .php/ { ## Forward paths like /js/index.php/x.js to relevant handler rewrite ^(.*.php)/ $1 last; } location ~ .php$ { ## Execute PHP scripts if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite / /index.php last; } ## Catch 404s that try_files miss expires off; ## Do not cache dynamic content fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001; fastcgi_param HTTPS $fastcgi_https; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; ## See /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params } }

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Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 4 – Calling the base method

- by SeanMcAlinden

Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 1 – Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and caching mechanism Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 2 – Interceptor Design Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 3 – Creating the constructors The plan for calling the base methods from the proxy is to create a private method for each overridden proxy method, this will allow the proxy to use a delegate to simply invoke the private method when required. Quite a few helper classes have been created to make this possible so as usual I would suggest download or viewing the code at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/. In this post I’m just going to cover the main points for when creating methods. Getting the methods to override The first two notable methods are for getting the methods. private static MethodInfo[] GetMethodsToOverride<TBase>() where TBase : class { return typeof(TBase).GetMethods().Where(x => !methodsToIgnore.Contains(x.Name) && (x.Attributes & MethodAttributes.Final) == 0) .ToArray(); } private static StringCollection GetMethodsToIgnore() { return new StringCollection() { "ToString", "GetHashCode", "Equals", "GetType" }; } The GetMethodsToIgnore method string collection contains an array of methods that I don’t want to override. In the GetMethodsToOverride method, you’ll notice a binary AND which is basically saying not to include any methods marked final i.e. not virtual. Creating the MethodInfo for calling the base method This method should hopefully be fairly easy to follow, it’s only function is to create a MethodInfo which points to the correct base method, and with the correct parameters. private static MethodInfo CreateCallBaseMethodInfo<TBase>(MethodInfo method) where TBase : class { Type[] baseMethodParameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, method.GetParameters()); return typeof(TBase).GetMethod( method.Name, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic, null, baseMethodParameterTypes, null ); } /// <summary> /// Get the parameter types. /// </summary> /// <param name="method">The method.</param> /// <param name="parameters">The parameters.</param> public static Type[] GetParameterTypes(MethodInfo method, ParameterInfo[] parameters) { Type[] parameterTypesList = Type.EmptyTypes; if (parameters.Length > 0) { parameterTypesList = CreateParametersList(parameters); } return parameterTypesList; } Creating the new private methods for calling the base method The following method outline how I’ve created the private methods for calling the base class method. private static MethodBuilder CreateCallBaseMethodBuilder(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, MethodInfo method) { string callBaseSuffix = "GetBaseMethod"; if (method.IsGenericMethod || method.IsGenericMethodDefinition) { return MethodHelper.SetUpGenericMethod ( typeBuilder, method, method.Name + callBaseSuffix, MethodAttributes.Private | MethodAttributes.HideBySig ); } else { return MethodHelper.SetupNonGenericMethod ( typeBuilder, method, method.Name + callBaseSuffix, MethodAttributes.Private | MethodAttributes.HideBySig ); } } The CreateCallBaseMethodBuilder is the entry point method for creating the call base method. I’ve added a suffix to the base classes method name to keep it unique. Non Generic Methods Creating a non generic method is fairly simple public static MethodBuilder SetupNonGenericMethod( TypeBuilder typeBuilder, MethodInfo method, string methodName, MethodAttributes methodAttributes) { ParameterInfo[] parameters = method.GetParameters(); Type[] parameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, parameters); Type returnType = method.ReturnType; MethodBuilder methodBuilder = CreateMethodBuilder ( typeBuilder, method, methodName, methodAttributes, parameterTypes, returnType ); ParameterHelper.SetUpParameters(parameterTypes, parameters, methodBuilder); return methodBuilder; } private static MethodBuilder CreateMethodBuilder ( TypeBuilder typeBuilder, MethodInfo method, string methodName, MethodAttributes methodAttributes, Type[] parameterTypes, Type returnType ) { MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(methodName, methodAttributes, returnType, parameterTypes); return methodBuilder; } As you can see, you simply have to declare a method builder, get the parameter types, and set the method attributes you want. Generic Methods Creating generic methods takes a little bit more work. /// <summary> /// Sets up generic method. /// </summary> /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param> /// <param name="method">The method.</param> /// <param name="methodName">Name of the method.</param> /// <param name="methodAttributes">The method attributes.</param> public static MethodBuilder SetUpGenericMethod ( TypeBuilder typeBuilder, MethodInfo method, string methodName, MethodAttributes methodAttributes ) { ParameterInfo[] parameters = method.GetParameters(); Type[] parameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, parameters); MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(methodName, methodAttributes); Type[] genericArguments = method.GetGenericArguments(); GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters = GetGenericTypeParameters(methodBuilder, genericArguments); ParameterHelper.SetUpParameterConstraints(parameterTypes, genericTypeParameters); SetUpReturnType(method, methodBuilder, genericTypeParameters); if (method.IsGenericMethod) { methodBuilder.MakeGenericMethod(genericArguments); } ParameterHelper.SetUpParameters(parameterTypes, parameters, methodBuilder); return methodBuilder; } private static GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] GetGenericTypeParameters ( MethodBuilder methodBuilder, Type[] genericArguments ) { return methodBuilder.DefineGenericParameters(GenericsHelper.GetArgumentNames(genericArguments)); } private static void SetUpReturnType(MethodInfo method, MethodBuilder methodBuilder, GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters) { if (method.IsGenericMethodDefinition) { SetUpGenericDefinitionReturnType(method, methodBuilder, genericTypeParameters); } else { methodBuilder.SetReturnType(method.ReturnType); } } private static void SetUpGenericDefinitionReturnType(MethodInfo method, MethodBuilder methodBuilder, GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters) { if (method.ReturnType == null) { methodBuilder.SetReturnType(typeof(void)); } else if (method.ReturnType.IsGenericType) { methodBuilder.SetReturnType(genericTypeParameters.Where (x => x.Name == method.ReturnType.Name).First()); } else { methodBuilder.SetReturnType(method.ReturnType); } } Ok, there are a few helper methods missing, basically there is way to much code to put in this post, take a look at the code at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ to follow it through completely. Basically though, when dealing with generics there is extra work to do in terms of getting the generic argument types setting up any generic parameter constraints setting up the return type setting up the method as a generic All of the information is easy to get via reflection from the MethodInfo. Emitting the new private method Emitting the new private method is relatively simple as it’s only function is calling the base method and returning a result if the return type is not void. ILGenerator il = privateMethodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); EmitCallBaseMethod(method, callBaseMethod, il); private static void EmitCallBaseMethod(MethodInfo method, MethodInfo callBaseMethod, ILGenerator il) { int privateParameterCount = method.GetParameters().Length; il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); if (privateParameterCount > 0) { for (int arg = 0; arg < privateParameterCount; arg++) { il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, arg + 1); } } il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, callBaseMethod); il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } So in the main method building method, an ILGenerator is created from the method builder. The ILGenerator performs the following actions: Load the class (this) onto the stack using the hidden argument Ldarg_0. Create an argument on the stack for each of the method parameters (starting at 1 because 0 is the hidden argument) Call the base method using the Opcodes.Call code and the MethodInfo we created earlier. Call return on the method Conclusion Now we have the private methods prepared for calling the base method, we have reached the last of the relatively easy part of the proxy building. Hopefully, it hasn’t been too hard to follow so far, there is a lot of code so I haven’t been able to post it all so please check it out at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/. The next section should be up fairly soon, it’s going to cover creating the delegates for calling the private methods created in this post. Kind Regards, Sean.

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Building and Deploying Windows Azure Web Sites using Git and GitHub for Windows

- by shiju

Microsoft Windows Azure team has released a new version of Windows Azure which is providing many excellent features. The new Windows Azure provides Web Sites which allows you to deploy up to 10 web sites for free in a multitenant shared environment and you can easily upgrade this web site to a private, dedicated virtual server when the traffic is grows. The Meet Windows Azure Fact Sheet provides the following information about a Windows Azure Web Site: Windows Azure Web Sites enable developers to easily build and deploy websites with support for multiple frameworks and popular open source applications, including ASP.NET, PHP and Node.js. With just a few clicks, developers can take advantage of Windows Azure’s global scale without having to worry about operations, servers or infrastructure. It is easy to deploy existing sites, if they run on Internet Information Services (IIS) 7, or to build new sites, with a free offer of 10 websites upon signup, with the ability to scale up as needed with reserved instances. Windows Azure Web Sites includes support for the following: Multiple frameworks including ASP.NET, PHP and Node.js Popular open source software apps including WordPress, Joomla!, Drupal, Umbraco and DotNetNuke Windows Azure SQL Database and MySQL databases Multiple types of developer tools and protocols including Visual Studio, Git, FTP, Visual Studio Team Foundation Services and Microsoft WebMatrix Signup to Windows and Enable Azure Web Sites You can signup for a 90 days free trial account in Windows Azure from here. After creating an account in Windows Azure, go to https://account.windowsazure.com/ , and select to preview features to view the available previews. In the Web Sites section of the preview features, click “try it now” which will enables the web sites feature Create Web Site in Windows Azure To create a web sites, login to the Windows Azure portal, and select Web Sites from and click New icon from the left corner Click WEB SITE, QUICK CREATE and put values for URL and REGION dropdown. You can see the all web sites from the dashboard of the Windows Azure portal Set up Git Publishing Select your web site from the dashboard, and select Set up Git publishing To enable Git publishing , you must give user name and password which will initialize a Git repository Clone Git Repository We can use GitHub for Windows to publish apps to non-GitHub repositories which is well explained by Phil Haack on his blog post. Here we are going to deploy the web site using GitHub for Windows. Let’s clone a Git repository using the Git Url which will be getting from the Windows Azure portal. Let’s copy the Git url and execute the “git clone” with the git url. You can use the Git Shell provided by GitHub for Windows. To get it, right on the GitHub for Windows, and select open shell here as shown in the below picture. When executing the Git Clone command, it will ask for a password where you have to give password which specified in the Windows Azure portal. After cloning the GIT repository, you can drag and drop the local Git repository folder to GitHub for Windows GUI. This will automatically add the Windows Azure Web Site repository onto GitHub for Windows where you can commit your changes and publish your web sites to Windows Azure. Publish the Web Site using GitHub for Windows We can add multiple framework level files including ASP.NET, PHP and Node.js, to the local repository folder can easily publish to Windows Azure from GitHub for Windows GUI. For this demo, let me just add a simple Node.js file named Server.js which handles few request handlers. 1: var http = require('http'); 2: var port=process.env.PORT; 3: var querystring = require('querystring'); 4: var utils = require('util'); 5: var url = require("url"); 6: 7: var server = http.createServer(function(req, res) { 8: switch (req.url) { //checking the request url 9: case '/': 10: homePageHandler (req, res); //handler for home page 11: break; 12: case '/register': 13: registerFormHandler (req, res);//hamdler for register 14: break; 15: default: 16: nofoundHandler (req, res);// handler for 404 not found 17: break; 18: } 19: }); 20: server.listen(port); 21: //function to display the html form 22: function homePageHandler (req, res) { 23: console.log('Request handler home was called.'); 24: res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}); 25: var body = '<html>'+ 26: '<head>'+ 27: '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; '+ 28: 'charset=UTF-8" />'+ 29: '</head>'+ 30: '<body>'+ 31: '<form action="/register" method="post">'+ 32: 'Name:<input type=text value="" name="name" size=15></br>'+ 33: 'Email:<input type=text value="" name="email" size=15></br>'+ 34: '<input type="submit" value="Submit" />'+ 35: '</form>'+ 36: '</body>'+ 37: '</html>'; 38: //response content 39: res.end(body); 40: } 41: //handler for Post request 42: function registerFormHandler (req, res) { 43: console.log('Request handler register was called.'); 44: var pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname; 45: console.log("Request for " + pathname + " received."); 46: var postData = ""; 47: req.on('data', function(chunk) { 48: // append the current chunk of data to the postData variable 49: postData += chunk.toString(); 50: }); 51: req.on('end', function() { 52: // doing something with the posted data 53: res.writeHead(200, "OK", {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}); 54: // parse the posted data 55: var decodedBody = querystring.parse(postData); 56: // output the decoded data to the HTTP response 57: res.write('<html><head><title>Post data</title></head><body><pre>'); 58: res.write(utils.inspect(decodedBody)); 59: res.write('</pre></body></html>'); 60: res.end(); 61: }); 62: } 63: //Error handler for 404 no found 64: function nofoundHandler(req, res) { 65: console.log('Request handler nofound was called.'); 66: res.writeHead(404, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}); 67: res.end('404 Error - Request handler not found'); 68: } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } If there is any change in the local repository folder, GitHub for Windows will automatically detect the changes. In the above step, we have just added a Server.js file so that GitHub for Windows will detect the changes. Let’s commit the changes to the local repository before publishing the web site to Windows Azure. After committed the all changes, you can click publish button which will publish the all changes to Windows Azure repository. The following screen shot shows deployment history from the Windows Azure portal. GitHub for Windows is providing a sync button which can use for synchronizing between local repository and Windows Azure repository after making any commit on the local repository after any changes. Our web site is running after the deployment using Git Summary Windows Azure Web Sites lets the developers to easily build and deploy websites with support for multiple framework including ASP.NET, PHP and Node.js and can easily deploy the Web Sites using Visual Studio, Git, FTP, Visual Studio Team Foundation Services and Microsoft WebMatrix. In this demo, we have deployed a Node.js Web Site to Windows Azure using Git. We can use GitHub for Windows to publish apps to non-GitHub repositories and can use to publish Web SItes to Windows Azure.

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