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• How badly do SSDs degrade without TRIM?

  - by joev

  SSDs have been out for a few years, and have seen all kinds of usage patterns. Windows and Linux support the TRIM command, with Mac OS still trailing behind here. Update (2 Aug 2011): It appears OSX Lion has support for TRIM in Apple-branded SSDs. There is a utility that enables TRIM in non-Apple SSDs I'm sure plenty of Mac users (and pre-TRIM version of Win/Linux) have SSDs. So, to you folks: have you noticed a degradation of SSD performance during its lifetime? How long have you been using the SSD, and how bad is the degradation? I'm assuming that even at its most degraded state, a modern SSD would still smoke a traditional hard drive in terms of performance.

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• SDcard /dev/sdb2 is apparently in use by the system; will not make a filesystem here

  - by user171223

  I divided my sdcard into 2 partitions, but It got an error and couldn't create a new partition. Error: /dev/sdb2 is apparently in use by the system; will not make a filesystem here! My /dev/sdb was not mounted, and the output of command lsblk was: cxphong@cxphong:~/Desktop$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk +-sda1 8:1 0 118.8G 0 part +-sda2 8:2 0 147.7G 0 part /media/DATA +-sda3 8:3 0 137.1G 0 part +-sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part +-sda5 8:5 0 1023M 0 part [SWAP] +-sda6 8:6 0 61.2G 0 part / sdb 8:16 1 3.7G 0 disk +-sdb1 8:17 1 70.6M 0 part +-sdb2 8:18 1 3.6G 0 part +-sdb1 (dm-0) 252:0 0 70.6M 0 part +-sdb2 (dm-1) 252:1 0 3.6G 0 part I couldn't delete /dev/sdb1 (dm-0) & /dev/sdb2 (dm-1). What are they?

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• Real RAM latency

  - by user32569

  Hi, very quick question. When I look for RAM timing, I got 2 different explanations on what is CAS latency. First states, its the time after command to read has been issued from CPU and data are send to data bus. Second says its time betwen column in memory layout has been activated. So, where is the truth? I mean, when I want to know total RAM latenci, in case 1, ot would be just CAS times one clock time. In second case, it would be CAS+other things like RAstoCAS and so times one clock time. Thanks.

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• How to fix Ubuntu 10.10 black screen from terminal?

  - by none

  I'm trying to install Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 on an Intel Atom mainboard (Intel D945GCLF2) with CRT that has been running Ubuntu 9.x previously. Both, Desktop live CD / installer and alternate install CD cause the screen to go black (and the status LED blinks). I was able to get a bit further into the boot process with nomodeset as parameter with the Live CD, unfortunately I can't pass GRUB any parameters now that I have used the alternate Install CD by pressing 'e', it just boots. So now I have Ubuntu installed, I get a terminal with CTRL-ALT-F1 but I don't know what I need to do now or how to adjust resolution or video settings from command line.

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• Install Composer on Ubuntu

  - by Milos

  I am trying to install composer with the command: sudo curl -s https://getcomposer.org/installer | php And I am getting this error: All settings correct for using Composer Downloading... Download failed: failed to open stream: Permission denied Downloading... Download failed: failed to open stream: Permission denied Downloading... Download failed: failed to open stream: Permission denied The download failed repeatedly, aborting. I don't know why? Do you have an idea? I tryed to google it but nothing.

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• join ZFS/Solaris to windows AD 2003/2008 domain

  - by user95587

  I have a client trying to join his newly updated ZFS/Solaris box to my Windows AD 2003/2008 domain. Here is the command he is using and the error he is getting; Console: root@xxx:/etc/inet# smbadm join -u USER DOMAIN After joining DOMAIN the smb service will be restarted automatically.Would you like to continue? [no]: yes Enter domain password: Joining DOMAIN ... this may take a minute ... failed to join DOMAIN: UNSUCCESSFUL Please refer to the system log for more information. From /var/adm/messages: Sep 22 10:12:00 xxx smbd[593]: [ID 702911 daemon.error] smbrdr_exchange[116]: failed (-3) Sep 22 10:12:01 xxx smbd[593]: [ID 232655 daemon.notice] ldap_modify: Insufficient access Sep 22 10:12:01 xxx smbd[593]: [ID 898201 daemon.notice] Unable to set the TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION userAccountControl flag on the machine account in Active Directory. Please refer to the Troubleshooting guide for more information. Sep 22 10:12:01 xxx smbd[593]: [ID 526780 daemon.notice] Failed to establish NETLOGON credential chain Sep 22 10:12:01 xxx smbd[593]: [ID 871254 daemon.error] smbd: failed joining DOMAIN (UNSUCCESSFUL)

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• Screen flickering / scrambling on an Asus UL30A

  - by user55059

  Recently my Laptop screen started to flicker. You can view the phenomena here: YouTube Sometimes the screen is totally scrambled, but most of the time it starts with the Title bar only. It happens inconsistently. My Laptop is Asus UL30A and I'm using Ubuntu 11.10. Output from command: sudo lshw -C display; lsb_release -a; uname -a; xrandr *-display:0 description: VGA compatible controller product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 07 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:44 memory:fe400000-fe7fffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:dc00(size=8) *-display:1 UNCLAIMED description: Display controller product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1 version: 07 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:fe800000-fe8fffff LSB Version: core-2.0-ia32:core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-ia32:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:core-3.2-ia32:core-3.2-noarch:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 11.10 Release: 11.10 Codename: oneiric Linux steelke 3.0.0-14-generic-pae #23-Ubuntu SMP Mon Nov 21 22:07:10 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 8192 x 8192 LVDS1 connected 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 293mm x 164mm 1366x768 60.0*+ 1360x768 59.8 60.0 1024x768 60.0 800x600 60.3 56.2 640x480 59.9 VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) I already rolled back the kernel to 3.0.0-14 instead of 3.0.0-17 as mentioned in this post, but without result. I guess the problem is related to the driver, because I don't see similar behaviour in the BIOS Setup. Any tips or help is welcome.

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• How do I remove 1,000,000 directories?

  - by harper

  I found that in a directory more than 1,000,000 subdirectories has been created due to a bug. I want to remove all these directories, let's say in the directory WebsiteCache. My first approach was to use the command line tool: cd WebsiteCache rmdir /Q /S . This will remove all subdirectories except the directory WebsiteCache itself, since it is the current working directory. I noticed after two hours that the directoriws starting with A-H have been removed. Why does rmdir removes the directories in alphabetical order? It must take additional effort to do this ordered. What is the fastest way to delete such an amount of directories?

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• Changing languages rapidly causes Linux to crash.

  - by eZanmoto

  So I'm running Xmonad on my college computer (which runs Kubuntu) and whenever I leave my desk, instead of using x-screensaver which is incredibly buggy and slow, I just change to another workstation, open a terminal and change language to a language which uses symbols instead of letters, and then change back using an aliased command. For example, my .profile has the lines alias qwer="setxkbmap jp" alias *******="setxkbmap ie" where ******* is my password, using japanese characters. Changing languages seems to be much faster than running x-screensaver. The problem: rapidly changing languages seems to crash Linux; it just won't accept input (and it's not because the language hasn't changed back, nothing is output to the console). I can't use Ctrl+Alt+F1..F7, I can't "raise the elephants", anything, it just won't work. I'm just wondering, is this a known issue, and if so, is there something I can do about it?

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• mysql Incorrect Information in File: (corrupt) error

  - by Nick M.

  I've recently suffered from a power outage on one of my monitoring servers at the office. The result of that outage caused for some database tables to get corrupted. I've successfully repaired 3-4 tables by using the "use_frm" option however there are still 3 that seem to be badly corrupted and are not responding to the mysql REPAIR command (with or without use_frm) mysql> REPAIR TABLE poller_item; +-------------------+--------+----------+---------------------------------------------- ------------+ | Table | Op | Msg_type | Msg_text | +-------------------+--------+----------+------------------------------------------------- ---------+ | cacti.poller_item | repair | Error | Incorrect information in file: './cacti/poller_item.frm' | | cacti.poller_item | repair | error | Corrupt | +-------------------+--------+----------+------------------------------------------------- ---------+ In this scenario are there any other way to repair a table? MySQL Version mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.49, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 6.1

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• Linux, GNU GCC, ld, version scripts and the ELF binary format -- How does it work? [closed]

  - by themoondothshine

  I'm trying to learn more about library versioning in Linux and how to put it all to work. Here's the context: I have two versions of a dynamic library which expose the same set of interfaces, say libsome1.so and libsome2.so. An application is linked against libsome1.so. This application uses libdl.so to dynamically load another module, say libmagic.so. Now libmagic.so is linked against libsome2.so. Obviously, without using linker scripts to hide symbols in libmagic.so, at run-time all calls to interfaces in libsome2.so are resolved to libsome1.so. This can be confirmed by checking the value returned by libVersion() against the value of the macro LIB_VERSION. So I try next to compile and link libmagic.so with a linker script which hides all symbols except 3 which are defined in libmagic.so and are exported by it. This works... Or at least libVersion() and LIB_VERSION values match (and it reports version 2 not 1). However, when some data structures are serialized to disk, I noticed some corruption. In the application's directory if I delete libsome1.so and create a soft link in its place to point to libsome2.so, everything works as expected and the same corruption does not happen. I can't help but think that this may be caused due to some conflict in the run-time linker's resolution of symbols. I've tried many things, like trying to link libsome2.so so that all symbols are alised to symbol@@VER_2 (which I am still confused about because the command nm -CD libsome2.so still lists symbols as symbol and not symbol@@VER_2), but nothing seems to work. What am I doing wrong?

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• Running commands on FreeBSD Live CD

  - by jmc

  I'm running FreeBSD 9.1-PRERELEASE on a vps running on XEN virtualization, I tried to update it to 9.1-RELEASE but mergemaster toasted my /etc/master.passwd and /etc/passwd so what i have now is a blank copies of the two files. What i did is use a mounted Live CD and mount my root partition to /mnt and manually re listed every entry to /mnt/etc/master.passwd and /mnt/etc/passwd from another freebsd server. I believe that everytime you edit master.passwd and passwd you have to run pwd_mkdb but this gives me "Read Only File" error. What I plan to do is enable PermitRootLogin and PermitEmptyPassword first so I can login as root first before I redo necessary changes again. But i have to run pwd_mkdb, so is there a way to run this command from Live CD?

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• How to find dom0 name from hosted domU

  - by svigan

  I'm actually testing RHEL 5.3 with Xen between two servers in order to have a disaster recovery solution. So I'm playing with moving my domU from one dom0 server to the other server. Unfortunatly when somebody else move the domU I don't have any clue where my domain is hosted. I'm wondering where I can't find my dom0 name with inside domU. I'm looking for something like the gzonename command on a solaris sparse zone. I check inside /proc/xen but I don't see anything special except the dom0 kernel release. Does anybody know a wait to find this ?

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• Script to run chown on all folders and setting the owner as the folder name minus the trailing /

  - by Shikoki

  Some numpty ran chown -R username. in the /home folder on our webserver thinking he was in the desired folder. Needless to say the server is throwing a lot of wobbelys. We have over 200 websites and I don't want to chown them all individually so I'm trying to make a script that will change the owner of all the folders to the folder name, without the trailing /. This is all I have so far, once I can remove the / it will be fine, but I'd also like to check if the file contains a . in it, and if it doesn't then run the command, otherwise go to the next one. #!/bin/bash for f in * do test=$f; #manipluate the test variable chown -R $test $f done Any help would be great! Thanks in advance!

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• Why does yum index get corrupted?

  - by TomOnTime

  Occasionally yum's cache gets corrupted and we see errors like this: error: db3 error(-30974) from dbenv->failchk: DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - (-30974) error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm The workaround is rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db* and then the next "yum" command regenerates the data. My question is: what is likely to be causing this? Is there some common task that ignores locks or has other problem that causes this? We have hundreds of CentOS machines and there is no pattern to which see this problem. It could be a "one in a million" issue, which at large scale is seen often. NOTE: I realize this is a very "open ended" question, but if an answer finds the cause, I will go back and turn the question into something more canonical that directly relates to the specific issue.

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• Issue with aborted MySQL connections (error code: 4)

  - by arikfr

  Some of the connections between my application server (Ubuntu, Apache, PHP) and my DB server (Ubuntu, MySQL) are failing with error code 4. According to the documentation error code 4 is: OS error code 4: Interrupted system call At first I thought that maybe the issue is that the DB server has too many connections and fails because there are too much open files. But it seems not to be the case because: Too many open files has different error code (24). I've checked and during peak time the server had 497 files open (checked using lsof command) while the maximum is 1024. The TCP settings were already checked (see prior question). Any ideas what this can be or what should I check?

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• RSAT and double accounts

  - by Ryaner

  Since we are looking at migrating our domain admins to use non domain-admin accounts and runas for admin tasks a discussion has begun. How do others use RSAT with runas? I know you can Shift+RightClick run as other user to launch it with admin rights, but it looses the icon on the taskbar. The question also has been put, why do Microsoft release the RSAT tools if they recommend admins to run using non-domain accounts. Edit: Further to this, some of the initial testing with RSAT via the run as other user command hasn't worked out well. Few of the options don't function in the Hyper-V and Failover Cluster Manager.

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• Disable RDC Welcome Screen in Windows 2008 R2

  - by mikebridge

  Is there a way to disable or bypass the "Welcome" screen I see when I'm using RDC to log in to a machine using saved credentials? I have startup task which launches an RDP session automatically to localhost when the machine boots. This works, except that the remote desktop window stops and waits for an "OK" on the Welcome screen: MACHINENAME-A.B.C.D(Server ID:Console 0) Welcome [OK] This screen is preventing me from automating this login. Is there any way to get around it? EDIT: Here's the command line I'm currently using to launch it: start /min C:\windows\system32\mstsc.exe c:\rdp\ServiceRunner.rdp

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• Pop current directory until specific file is found

  - by edarroyo

  I'm interested in writing a script with the following behavior: See if a file, build.xml, exists in the current directory, if so run a command supplied through arguments to the script. If not, pop the current directory and look at the parent. Go to 1. The script would end once we find the file or we reach the root. Also, once the script finishes and control comes back to the user I want the current directory to be that one where the script was initially l I'm not very familiar with shell scripting but any help/guidance will be much appreciated.

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• Can't get iptables firewall working correctly

  - by Jay

  I'm setting up a new Centos 5.6 system and can't get my iptables firewall to work correctly. it won't let me use SSH through it. I'm new to Centos but not to Linux or iptables. I've been removing things until I have isolated the problem. I set up the firewall with a default ACCEPT rule for the INPUT chain. I can connect through to the server fine. If I change the command to only allow traffic from the interface connecting to my trusted network it stops working. Working: iptables -A INPUT -s 0/0 -d 0/0 -j ACCEPT Failing: iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 0/0 -d 0/0 -j ACCEPT I've double checked the ip address I'm using corresponds to eth0 using ifconfig. Any ideas where I went wrong?

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• Enlarge partition on SD card

  - by chenwj

  I have followed Cloning an SD card onto a larger SD card to clone a 2G SD card to a 32G SD card, and the file system is ext4. However, on the 32G SD card I only can see 2G space available. Is there a way to maximize it out? Here is the output of fdisk: Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32026656768 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 30543 cylinders, total 62552064 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000e015a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 32 147455 73712 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdb2 147456 3994623 1923584 83 Linux I want to make /dev/sdb2 use up the remaining space. I try resize2fs /dev/sdb after dd, but get message below: $ sudo resize2fs /dev/sdb resize2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. Any idea on what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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• solaris + match the network device name according to IP address

  - by yael

  how to find the device name as ( e1000g2 , e1000g3 , etc ) according to his IP address on Solaris machine for example ifconfig -a | grep 10.106.134.133 inet 10.106.134.133 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 10.106.134.255 ifconfig with grep command view only the line with the IP address , and the device name appears before the IP address so my target is to match the device name according to the IP address on Solaris machine , and then insert the device name in to parameter ( ksh ) please advice? full example: from ifconfig -a ( I get the IP and device name , what I need is to find the device name according to IP address , and insert the device name in to parameter ) e1000g2: flags=201000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 inet 10.106.134.133 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 10.106.134.255

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• Does Internet Explorer have something equivalent to Chrome's app mode?

  - by Steve

  Can I open a browser window in Internet Explorer for a specific website without having any tabs, toolbars, bookmarks, etc.? Just the window border and the site, that's it. I want something like Chrome's "App Mode", but for Internet Explorer. Is there a command-line switch for Internet Explorer or something similar that will open a specific site without any browser stuff in the window? Otherwise, is there any small program I can use that would accomplish the same thing? (Like something that just does nothing but open a window with an Internet Explorer renderer in it.) Information on any version of Internet Explorer is useful.

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• Accessing to shared folders with OpenVPN

  - by Ergec

  This is my first attempt to configure a vpn so I have very little knowledge about this. Network where centos server is having local IPs 192.168.123.* Network where windows machine is having local IPs 192.168.1.* I installed and configured my openpvn server on centos 5 and client on a windows machine. Generated all keys, certificates e.t.c and transferred them to client and I'm able to connect to server. Below there is a screenshot of the client log. Also on server side I can also see incoming packets with this command tcpdump -n port 1723 So I assume I did most of the things correct. But still when I try to open shared folders using \\192.168.123.33 or \\network-name I can't access folders

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• disable everything in update-motd.d dir in ubuntu server

  - by senzacionale

  mitjab@server:/etc/update-motd.d$ dir 00-header 10-help-text 91-release-upgrade 98-fsck-at-reboot 99-footer mitjab@server:/etc/update-motd.d$ i need to remove all auto updates or notifiers in my ubuntu server becouse it is to slow. How can i remove or disable it. Now when i login to server it takes 30s to see server when i write username and passwd. How can i disable all this.. if i run mitjab@server:/etc/update-motd.d$ update-motd --disable /usr/bin/python: can't find '__main__' module in '/usr/share/command-not-found'

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