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• Trying to limit IMAP folders/mailboxes my iPhone/iPad sees

  - by QuantumMechanic

  (Note: I am using dovecot 1.0.10 on Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS. Yes, I know I need to upgrade before next year :) (Note: The SMTP/IMAP server in question only serves my family, so there's only a very few users. Certainly what I propose below, even it it works, would be a logistical nightmare with any significant number of users). I have noticed (and have confirmed via google) that the iOS mail app is terrible in its handling of IMAP subscriptions, namespaces, etc. For example, my iPhone and iPad will see EVERYTHING (all mailboxes, folders, etc.), whereas clients like Thunderbird, alpine, etc. only see what I tell them to see. This makes it an incredible pain to move mail between mailboxes because I have to scroll through a gazillion things. The mail_location in dovecot.conf is: mail_location = mbox:%h/Mail/:INBOX=/var/mail/%u To get around this, I've been considering doing the following for user foo: Create a dovecot userdb with a foo-ios virtual user in it, whose UID is identical to that of the real (in /etc/passwd) foo user and with a homedir of /home/foo-ios. ln -s /var/mail/foo /var/mail/foo-ios mkdir -p /home/foo-ios/Mail cd /home/foo-ios/Mail ln -s /home/foo/Mail/mailbox-i-want-visible mailbox-i-want-visible Make symlinks for the rest of limited set of mailboxes/folders I want visible to the iOS mail app. chown -R foo:foo /home/foo-ios Change iOS mail app settings to log in as user foo-ios instead of user foo. Will this work or will there be some index/file corruption hell because there will be two sets of indexes (one set living in /home/foo/Mail/.imap and other set living in /home/foo-ios/Mail/.imap) indexing the same underlying mbox files? And I'd be more than happy to hear of a better way to do this with dovecot! (Or to hear that dovecot 2.x works better with iOS devices).

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• arrays in puppet

  - by paweloque

  I'm wondering how to solve the following puppet problem: I want to create several files based on an array of strings. The complication is that I want to create multiple directories with the files: dir1/ fileA fileB dir2/ fileA fileB fileC The problem is that the file resource titles must be unique. So if I keep the file names in an array, I need to iterate over the array in a custom way to be able to postfix the file names with the directory name: $file_names = ['fileA', 'fileB'] $file_names_2 = [$file_names, 'fileC'] file {'dir1': ensure => directory } file {'dir2': ensure => directory } file { $file_names: path = 'dir1', ensure =>present, } file { $file_names_2: path = 'dir2', ensure =>present, } This wont work because the file resource titles clash. So I need to append e.g. the dir name to the file title, however, this will cause the array of files to be concatenated and not treated as multiple files... arghh.. file { "${file_names}-dir1": path = 'dir1', ensure =>present, } file { "${file_names_2}-dir2": path = 'dir1', ensure =>present, } How to solve this problem without the necessity of repeating the file resource itself. Thanks

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• FTP Server with advanced features

  - by Nikolas Sakic

  Hi, We supply zone-files to our customers. Some zone files are big about 300MB and some are quite small, maybe like 1MB. We had this issue that someone setup a script to continually download the file. Imagine downloading 300MB file a few hundred times a day. Since, we don't have packet-shaper to throttle the traffic, we need to upgrade ftp server and use add-on modules to limit the download somehow. We currently use proftpd server. Also note that there are different users for different domains - say, if you want to download zone file for .INFO domain, then you use a particular user. That user can't download any other zone's file. This is what we are looking for: Have maximum of 400MB download per user per day. Or even have different download limit for different users per day. Have one connection per user at any time. Max # of connection (non-simultaneous) per user per day is 5. Anyone trying to exceed that gets banned for 24 hours. Has anyone used FTP server with similar restrictions above? Does anyone have any ideas where I can start? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks. -N

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• Unusually high dentry cache usage

  - by Wolfgang Stengel

  Problem A CentOS machine with kernel 2.6.32 and 128 GB physical RAM ran into trouble a few days ago. The responsible system administrator tells me that the PHP-FPM application was not responding to requests in a timely manner anymore due to swapping, and having seen in free that almost no memory was left, he chose to reboot the machine. I know that free memory can be a confusing concept on Linux and a reboot perhaps was the wrong thing to do. However, the mentioned administrator blames the PHP application (which I am responsible for) and refuses to investigate further. What I could find out on my own is this: Before the restart, the free memory (incl. buffers and cache) was only a couple of hundred MB. Before the restart, /proc/meminfo reported a Slab memory usage of around 90 GB (yes, GB). After the restart, the free memory was 119 GB, going down to around 100 GB within an hour, as the PHP-FPM workers (about 600 of them) were coming back to life, each of them showing between 30 and 40 MB in the RES column in top (which has been this way for months and is perfectly reasonable given the nature of the PHP application). There is nothing else in the process list that consumes an unusual or noteworthy amount of RAM. After the restart, Slab memory was around 300 MB If have been monitoring the system ever since, and most notably the Slab memory is increasing in a straight line with a rate of about 5 GB per day. Free memory as reported by free and /proc/meminfo decreases at the same rate. Slab is currently at 46 GB. According to slabtop most of it is used for dentry entries: Free memory: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 129048 76435 52612 0 144 7675 -/+ buffers/cache: 68615 60432 Swap: 8191 0 8191 Meminfo: cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 132145324 kB MemFree: 53620068 kB Buffers: 147760 kB Cached: 8239072 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 20300940 kB Inactive: 6512716 kB Active(anon): 18408460 kB Inactive(anon): 24736 kB Active(file): 1892480 kB Inactive(file): 6487980 kB Unevictable: 8608 kB Mlocked: 8608 kB SwapTotal: 8388600 kB SwapFree: 8388600 kB Dirty: 11416 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 18436224 kB Mapped: 94536 kB Shmem: 6364 kB Slab: 46240380 kB SReclaimable: 44561644 kB SUnreclaim: 1678736 kB KernelStack: 9336 kB PageTables: 457516 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 72364108 kB Committed_AS: 22305444 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 480164 kB VmallocChunk: 34290830848 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 12216320 kB HugePages_Total: 2048 HugePages_Free: 2048 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 5604 kB DirectMap2M: 2078720 kB DirectMap1G: 132120576 kB Slabtop: slabtop --once Active / Total Objects (% used) : 225920064 / 226193412 (99.9%) Active / Total Slabs (% used) : 11556364 / 11556415 (100.0%) Active / Total Caches (% used) : 110 / 194 (56.7%) Active / Total Size (% used) : 43278793.73K / 43315465.42K (99.9%) Minimum / Average / Maximum Object : 0.02K / 0.19K / 4096.00K OBJS ACTIVE USE OBJ SIZE SLABS OBJ/SLAB CACHE SIZE NAME 221416340 221416039 3% 0.19K 11070817 20 44283268K dentry 1123443 1122739 99% 0.41K 124827 9 499308K fuse_request 1122320 1122180 99% 0.75K 224464 5 897856K fuse_inode 761539 754272 99% 0.20K 40081 19 160324K vm_area_struct 437858 223259 50% 0.10K 11834 37 47336K buffer_head 353353 347519 98% 0.05K 4589 77 18356K anon_vma_chain 325090 324190 99% 0.06K 5510 59 22040K size-64 146272 145422 99% 0.03K 1306 112 5224K size-32 137625 137614 99% 1.02K 45875 3 183500K nfs_inode_cache 128800 118407 91% 0.04K 1400 92 5600K anon_vma 59101 46853 79% 0.55K 8443 7 33772K radix_tree_node 52620 52009 98% 0.12K 1754 30 7016K size-128 19359 19253 99% 0.14K 717 27 2868K sysfs_dir_cache 10240 7746 75% 0.19K 512 20 2048K filp VFS cache pressure: cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure 125 Swappiness: cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness 0 I know that unused memory is wasted memory, so this should not necessarily be a bad thing (especially given that 44 GB are shown as SReclaimable). However, apparently the machine experienced problems nonetheless, and I'm afraid the same will happen again in a few days when Slab surpasses 90 GB. Questions I have these questions: Am I correct in thinking that the Slab memory is always physical RAM, and the number is already subtracted from the MemFree value? Is such a high number of dentry entries normal? The PHP application has access to around 1.5 M files, however most of them are archives and not being accessed at all for regular web traffic. What could be an explanation for the fact that the number of cached inodes is much lower than the number of cached dentries, should they not be related somehow? If the system runs into memory trouble, should the kernel not free some of the dentries automatically? What could be a reason that this does not happen? Is there any way to "look into" the dentry cache to see what all this memory is (i.e. what are the paths that are being cached)? Perhaps this points to some kind of memory leak, symlink loop, or indeed to something the PHP application is doing wrong. The PHP application code as well as all asset files are mounted via GlusterFS network file system, could that have something to do with it? Please keep in mind that I can not investigate as root, only as a regular user, and that the administrator refuses to help. He won't even run the typical echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches test to see if the Slab memory is indeed reclaimable. Any insights into what could be going on and how I can investigate any further would be greatly appreciated. Updates Some further diagnostic information: Mounts: cat /proc/self/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0 devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root / ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/sda1 /boot ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 tmpfs /phptmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 tmpfs /wsdltmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,relatime 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuset cgroup rw,relatime,cpuset 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpu cgroup rw,relatime,cpu 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuacct cgroup rw,relatime,cpuacct 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/memory cgroup rw,relatime,memory 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/devices cgroup rw,relatime,devices 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/freezer cgroup rw,relatime,freezer 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/net_cls cgroup rw,relatime,net_cls 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/blkio cgroup rw,relatime,blkio 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol /var/www fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol /var/upload fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0 172.17.39.78:/www /data/www nfs rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 0 0 Mount info: cat /proc/self/mountinfo 16 21 0:3 / /proc rw,relatime - proc proc rw 17 21 0:0 / /sys rw,relatime - sysfs sysfs rw 18 21 0:5 / /dev rw,relatime - devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 19 18 0:11 / /dev/pts rw,relatime - devpts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 20 18 0:16 / /dev/shm rw,relatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw 21 1 253:1 / / rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 22 16 0:15 / /proc/bus/usb rw,relatime - usbfs /proc/bus/usb rw 23 21 8:1 / /boot rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/sda1 rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 24 21 0:17 / /phptmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 25 21 0:18 / /wsdltmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 26 16 0:19 / /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc rw,relatime - binfmt_misc none rw 27 21 0:20 / /cgroup/cpuset rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuset 28 21 0:21 / /cgroup/cpu rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpu 29 21 0:22 / /cgroup/cpuacct rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuacct 30 21 0:23 / /cgroup/memory rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,memory 31 21 0:24 / /cgroup/devices rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,devices 32 21 0:25 / /cgroup/freezer rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,freezer 33 21 0:26 / /cgroup/net_cls rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,net_cls 34 21 0:27 / /cgroup/blkio rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,blkio 35 21 0:28 / /var/www rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 36 21 0:29 / /var/upload rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 37 21 0:30 / /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rw,relatime - rpc_pipefs sunrpc rw 39 21 0:31 / /data/www rw,relatime - nfs 172.17.39.78:/www rw,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 GlusterFS config: cat /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol volume remote1 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.71 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote2 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.72 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote3 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.73 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote4 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.74 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume replicate1 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote1 remote2 end-volume volume replicate2 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote3 remote4 end-volume volume distribute type cluster/distribute subvolumes replicate1 replicate2 end-volume volume iocache type performance/io-cache option cache-size 8192MB # default is 32MB subvolumes distribute end-volume volume writeback type performance/write-behind option cache-size 1024MB option window-size 1MB subvolumes iocache end-volume ### Add io-threads for parallel requisitions volume iothreads type performance/io-threads option thread-count 64 # default is 16 subvolumes writeback end-volume volume ra type performance/read-ahead option page-size 2MB option page-count 16 option force-atime-update no subvolumes iothreads end-volume

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• Symantec Backup Exec 12 Tape Alert.

  - by Adam

  Every day, I run 5 backups using 6 tapes. Each day, when I run the inventory, I get a tape alert Error. This occurs every day, on the same job. The error is: Job 'Inventory Daily ********' has reported Multiple Tape Alerts on server '******' Please refer to job log *****.xml for more information. When i look at the Job log, the Utility Job Information says: The device has reported the following TapeAlert diagnostic information Information- The library has been manually turned offline and is unavailable for use. Robotic library for device: PV132T 500 Warning - Library security has been compromised. Robotic Library for device: PV132T 500. Critical - The library has detected a inconsistency in its inventory. 1.Redo the library inventory to correct the inconsistency. 2. Restart the operation. Check the applications users manual or hardware users manual for specific instructions on redoing the library inventory. Roboric Library for Device PV132T 500. When I run the same inventory for a second time, the job completes successfully. I am using Symantec Backup Exec 12 running on Windows Server 2008. I am using a Dell Powervault 132T 500 tape drive. If anyone can help me on how to resolve this problem, it would be very much appreciated.

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• Mavericks permission issues with Windows Server deduplicated shares

  - by dmohlmaster

  We have a number of 10.9-10.9.3 - Mavericks - machines installed throughout our facility. Much of the user content is pulled from shares stored on our Windows Server 2012 fileservers with deduplication enabled. I have found that files newly written or unoptimized are able to be accessed without issue - read, written, modified, etc. Once the file gets optomized/deduplicated and Windows adds the P & L attributes - sparse and symlink - the Macs running Mavericks begin to have access issues. Once the files get deduplicated, users begin receiving read access errors when copying files (see error1 below). This happens when copying to folders within the current folder tree or copying somewhere to the local system. If you 'stop' the copy operation and retry a few more times, it may eventually work for the specific instance but fail again later. I am however, able to copy these files without issue via the terminal. Other systems running 10.7 do not experience the same issues and are able to access file server resources without issue. Many of the systems having issues are newer and thus not able to be downgraded to 10.8 or 10.7. I have tried finder replacements such as Pathfinder but the results are the same. I know this is at least similar to the issues many Mac users are already experiencing and posting about but I haven't seen it directly linked to deduplication and the attributes written by Windows server. Has anyone seen this issue? Have any solutions been found? Error 1: When copying files after the PL attributes have been set by deduplication. "One or more items can't be copied to "Foler" because you don't have permissions to read them. ******************************************' Via the system.log, I am also seeing the following error when accessing these deduplicated file shares. The reparse point tag listed below is "IO_REPARSE_TAG_DEDUP" Reported error: "smbfs_nget: filename.ext - unknown reparse point tag 0x80000013"

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• How to find out what is causing a slow down of the application on this server?

  - by Jan P.

  This is not the typical serverfault question, but I'm out of ideas and don't know where else to go. If there are better places to ask this, just point me there in the comments. Thanks. Situation We have this web application that uses Zend Framework, so runs in PHP on an Apache web server. We use MySQL for data storage and memcached for object caching. The application has a very unique usage and load pattern. It is a mobile web application where every full hour a cronjob looks through the database for users that have some information waiting or action to do and sends this information to a (external) notification server, that pushes these notifications to them. After the users get these notifications, the go to the app and use it, mostly for a very short time. An hour later, same thing happens. Problem In the last few weeks usage of the application really started to grow. In the last few days we encountered very high load and doubling of application response times during and after the sending of these notifications (so basically every hour). The server doesn't crash or stop responding to requests, it just gets slower and slower and often takes 20 minutes to recover - until the same thing starts again at the full hour. We have extensive monitoring in place (New Relic, collectd) but I can't figure out what's wrong; I can't find the bottlekneck. That's where you come in: Can you help me figure out what's wrong and maybe how to fix it? Additional information The server is a 16 core Intel Xeon (8 cores with hyperthreading, I think) and 12GB RAM running Ubuntu 10.04 (Linux 3.2.4-20120307 x86_64). Apache is 2.2.x and PHP is Version 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.11. If any configuration information would help analyze the problem, just comment and I will add it. Graphs info phpinfo() apc status memcache status collectd Processes CPU Apache Load MySQL Vmem Disk New Relic Application performance Server overview Processes Network Disks (Sorry the graphs are gifs and not the same time period, but I think the most important info is in there)

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• Interruptionless Uploads / Rollback in IIS

  - by NickatUship

  I'm not sure if this is the right way to ask this question, but here's basically what i'd like to do: 1.) Push a changeset to a site in IIS. 2.) Don't interrupt the users. 3.) Be able to roll back effortlessly. So, there are a few things that I know have to happen: 1.) Out of Proc session - handled 2.) Out of Proc cache - handled So the questions that remain: 1.) How do i keep from interrupting the users? If i just upload the files to bin, the app recycles and takes 10+ seconds to come back online 2.) How do i roll back effortlessly? I was thinking a possible solution would be to have two sites set up in IIS, one public and one private. Uploads go to private and get warmed up. After warmup, the sites are swapped. A rollback only entails swapping to private without an upload. This seems sound in theory, but Im not sure of the mechanics. Any ideas?

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• Selectively allow unsafe html tags in Plone

  - by dhill

  I'm searching for a way to put widgets from several services (PicasaWeb, Yahoo Pipes, Delicious bookmarks, etc.) on the community site I host on Plone (currently 3.2.1). I'm looking for a way to allow a group of users to use dangerous html tags. There are some ways I see, but I don't know how to implement those. One would be changing safe_html for the pages editors own (1). Another would be to allow those tags on some subtree (2). And yet another finding an equivalent of "static text portlet" that would display in the middle panel (3). We could then use some of the composite products (I stumbled upon Collage and CMFContentPanels), to include the unsafe content on other sites. My site has been ridden by advert bots, so I don't want to remove the filtering all together. I don't have an easy (no false positives) way of checking which users are bots, so deploying captcha now wouldn't help either. The question is: How to implement any of those solutions? (I already asked that on plone mailing list without an answer, so I thought I would give it another try here.)

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• Server Clustering (Django, Apache, Nginx, Postgres)

  - by system-matrix

  I have a project deployed with django, Apache, Nginx and Postgres. The project has requirement of live data viewable to customers. The projects main points are: 1. Devices in field send data to server(devices are also like website users) after login. 2. There is background import process which imports the uploaded data in postgres. 3. The webusers of the system use this data and can send commands to the devices, which devices read when they login. 4. There are also background analysis routines running on the data. All the above mentioned setup and system is deployed on one amazon EC2 cloud machine. The project currently supports over 600 devices and 400 users. But as the number of devices are increasing with time the performance of the server is going down. We want to extend this project so that it can support more and more devices. My initial thinking is, We will create one more server like current one and divide the devices amongst these to servers. But Again We need a central user and device managment point though django admin. Any Ideas? What are the best possible ways to create a scalable architecture? How can I create a Postgres Cluster and Use it with Django, if possible?

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• Unable to logon using terminal server connection

  - by satch

  I have several W2K3 SP2 servers, admin TS enabled. I discovered this morning, I was unable to logon into some of them. I've a couple of Citrix servers in different farms, a SAP (IA64) app server and a cvs server. All of them show same sympthoms; remote connections are refused. I've been able to logon locally, and terminal server service is up, there are no users (so connections are not depleted). There are no errors in log in most servers. One of the Citrix ones, reported following errors: Event ID 50 Source TermDD Type Error Description The RDP protocol component X.224 detected an error in the protocol stream and has disconnected the client. and Event ID 1006 Source TermService Type Error Description The terminal server received large number of incomplete connections. The system may be under attack. Anyway, I suppose these errors appear because server isn't working, and Citrix users try to logon massively. (I nmap'ed server and port seems up). I've solved this problem rebooting before, but with so many servers affected it seems like a crappy workaround. Any idea about troubleshooting it properly? Thanks in advance

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• Internal Code Signing: Key Distribution, or Certificate Server?

  - by Myrddin Emrys

  I should first note that we have nobody in IT with significant familiarity with self-signed certification. We have a moderately sprawling network (one forest, many locations), and we are now rolling out internal code signing; until now users have run untrusted code, or we even disabled(!) the warnings. Intranet applications, scripts, and sites will now be signed with self certification. I am aware of two obvious ways we can deploy this: Distributing the keys directly via a group policy, and setting up a cert server. Can someone explain the trade-offs between these two methods? How many certs before the group policy method is unwieldy? Are they large enough that remote users will have issues? Does the group policy method distribute duplicates on every login? Is there a better method I am not aware of? I can find a lot of documentation on certifications and various ways to create them, but I have not been able to find something that summarizes the difference between the distribution methods and what criteria make one or the other superior.

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• IIS7: How to block access with a web.config file?

  - by neves

  I know that IIS7 allows me to have a per directory configuration with the web.config xml file. I have a directory with some configuration files that don't want to be web accessible. A local web.config file forbidding read access to it would be a nice solution. What should be the contents of a web.config file to forbid web access to the files? Edit: I'm trying to put a web.config file with these contents in a file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <system.web> <authorization> <deny users="*" /> <!-- Denies all users --> </authorization> </system.web> </configuration> But I can still directly access a file inside the directory. What's wrong with it? How do I debug what's happening?

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• First web server questions

  - by Graeme

  Hi there, Just looking for some help/suggestions with this. I require my own server for an upcoming project that will be hosting users websites. I want to build a control panel the user can log into and modify their website which will be stored elsewhere on the server. This all seems easy enough, It's just managing domains and emails that confuse me. What should I look for to manage domain names and point them to the correct website and also what would be the best way to manage email accounts/set up new ones etc. I want to avoid cPanel/WHM if possible, I'm looking to control most things through the control panel I will be building. So any suggestions on this would be useful as well, as I will be wanting to add email accounts through php (Can be done using a shell I assume?). I will also be wanting to measure bandwidth used on the websites contained in each users directory, any suggestions on making this possible? I'm really looking for some suggestions on what software to use to set this up, any advice would be really helpful! Thanks, Graeme

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• Django apache + mod_wsgi with virtualenv

  - by ArgsKwargs

  I have some questions running multiple Django sites on a VPS I have a server that uses openPanel to automatically create VirtualHosts within apache2. My ideal situation is that I would have multiple virtualenvs with different dependencies installed so the python dist-packages directory isn't contaminated for different Django sites. For example: /home/user/virtualenv1 /home/user/virtualenv2 My django applications reside at /var/www, so For example: /var/www/djangosite1 /var/www/djangosite2 Now I've read upon openPanel docs and figured out the best thing todo is create a django.conf file inside the mydomain.com.inc folder, which looks something like: /etc/apache2/openpanel.d/mydomain.com.inc/django.conf DocumentRoot /var/www/djangosite1/project WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/djangosite1/project/wsgi.py WSGIDaemonProcess mydomain python-path=/home/user/virtualenv1/lib/python2.6/site-packages <Directory /var/www/djangosite1/project> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /static /var/www/djangosite1/project/static-root Now my problem is that this setup seems unable to find the virtualenv site-packages thus not recognizing any dependencies available in the given virtualenv Also, commenting out this line doesn't seem to break or change a thing: WSGIDaemonProcess mydomain python-path=/home/user/virtualenv1/lib/python2.6/site-packages For example: > service apache2 start ImportError: No module named South When I install South outside the virtualenv everything works

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• How can I report a website that uses the webmail APIs to send spam?

  - by Igoru

  I've signed up for a cool job website that, unfortunately, asks you if you want to "invite your friends", and if you say so, you can give them access to your Gmail contacts to send the invite. However, contrary to what everyone would be expecting, they don't give you a list of who you want to invite; instead, they simply directly send spam to your entire contact list, like old-fashioned Outlook viruses. When you complain about this with them, they simply say "we will check the application and see if there is anything that might be confusing for the users". For me and some other friends (that felt for the same prank), this is a clear break on web best practices and a big disrespect on the users' trust. Thus, I would like to know what can we do to stop the website of using Gmail/Yahoo/Outlook APIs to send spam this way. P.S.: I wonder what would happen if I've given this website the access to post in my Facebook timeline as well. I've got a couple of calls from relatives asking about the email and I wonder how many unrelated people got this spam, like HR addresses from my past and whatnot.

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• Redeploy using Active Directory

  - by Noam Gal

  I am trying to use group policy to deploy our msi through AD. For some strange reason, when I overwrite the msi with a newer version, and then go to the policy, and click on "Redeploy Application", the application gets uninstalled on the users' machines, and all reg keys, binaries and shortcuts are gone from them. The "Add/Remove Programs" still contain the application entry. I have managed to create a minimal vdproj that does nothing but write its current Product Version to a registry key, and created two versions of it (1.0.0 and 1.1.0). I still face the same problems when using this msi in my AD environment. I did check that my Package Codes and Product Codes are different for both versions, and that the Upgrade Codes are identical. I also checked the RemovePreviousVersion to true. Checking with some other msi (firefox 3.0.0 and 3.6.3) I downloaded from a site specifically for AD deploy, it worked just as expected (first installing the 3.0.0, then I over-written the msi, and clicked on "Redeploy", and the users got 3.6.3 after the next log-off-log-on). What am I missing here?

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• Encrypted WiFi with no password?

  - by Ian Boyd

  Is there any standard that allows a WiFi connection to be encrypted, but not require a password? i know that (old, weak) WEP, and newer WPA/WPA2 require a password (i.e. shared secret). Meanwhile my own wireless connections are "open", and therefore unencrypted. There is no technical reason why i can't have an encrypted link that doesn't require the user to enter any password. Such technology exists today (see public key encryption and HTTPS). But does such a standard exist for WiFi? Note: i only want to protect communications, not limit internet access. i get the sense that no such standard exists (since i'm pretty capable with Google), but i'd like it confirmed. Claraification: i want to protect communcations, not limit internet access. That means users are not required to have a password (or its moral equivalent). This means users are not required: to know a password to know a passphrase to enter a CAPTCHA to draw a secret to have a key fob to know a PIN to use a pre-shared key have a pre-shared file to possess a certificate In other words: it has the same accessibility as before, but is now encrypted.

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• Which Revision Control Software to use for Personal Dropbox?

  - by wag2639

  I want to set up a sync repositiory that would be similar to Dropbox. Goals/Requirements: Free (Open Source very preferable) Linux host (probably Ubuntu) Windows/Mac/Linux clients Potential for multiple users with limited access (optional) Preferable easy, doesn't necessarily need to be automatic Revision control very preferable Basically, I want to be able to use multiple computers, possible with different OS's, and be able to access, use, and sync files across all of them. I also want to have a local copy of the repository for when I'm not connected to the network (as if I'm working on a laptop, I want to keep a local repository to keep revision and merge later with "master" repository). For example, I'm editing a few pictures on my laptop during the day outside of my network, but when I get home, I would like to sync the changes, including incremental changes, with my desktop at home. I would also like my roommates to be able to access and use this repository too but limit access to certain files. For example, I may want to use this to backup financial records but wouldn't want them to have access to those files. I'm a programmer and familiar with SVN but I know that wouldn't be the most appropriate since it doesn't handle binaries well and doesn't keep a local repository. I know better choices exist but I don't really know them well enough to choose the best one.

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• Find and Replace String in filenames

  - by shekhar

  I have thousands of files with no specific extensions. What I need to do is to search for a sting in filename and replace with other string and further search for second string and replace with any other string and so on. I.e.: I have multiple strings to replace with other multiple strings. It may be like: "abc" in filename replaced with "def" * String "abc" may be in many files "jkl" in filename replaced with "srt" * String "jkl" may be in many files "pqr" in filename replaced with "xyz" * String "pqr" may be in many files I am currently using excel macro to get the file names in excel and then preserving original names in one column and replacing desired in the content copied in other column. then I create a batch file for the same. Like: rename Path\OriginalName1 NewName1 rename Path\OriginalName2 NewName2 Problem with the above procedure is that it takes a lot of time as the files are many. And As I am using excel 2003 there is limitation on number of rows as well. I need a script in batch like: replacestr abc with def replacestr pqr with xyz in a single directory. Will it be better to do in unix script?

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• setting up tracd behind mod_proxy?

  - by FilmJ

  I'm having trouble setting up mod_proxy and tracd. Seems almost all the search results for this problem take me to the built-in trac documentation page that mentions it as an option. I have several VirtualServers already running on the box in question, so running tracd on port 80 or 443 is not an option, but I do want to make my trac server accessible on this machine without exposing an additional port via the firewall. Making things even more complicated is that I have multiple trac repositories being served by the same instance of tracd, and so I want to set it up so: http://trac.abc.com is proxy'd to localhost:8000/projects/abcproject, and http://trac.def.com is proxy'd to localhost:8000/projects/defproject. Currently, the setup I have below results in 100% 403 errors. The server is running as www-data and the directory where all trac files are stored is owned by www-data, AND tracd (as show below) is running as www-data, so not sure where it's getting hung up. The relevant configuration on /var/apache2/sites-enabled/trac.abc.com: ProxyPass / http://localhost:8000/abcproject ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8000/abcproject The relevant configuration on /var/apache2/sites-enabled/trac.def.com: ProxyPass / http://localhost:8000/defproject ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8000/defproject The command used to instantiate tracd: tracd -a defproject,/var/www/vhosts/trac-common/users.htdigest,DEFProject -a abcproject,/var/www/vhosts/trac-common/users.htdigest,ABCProject -p 8000 -b localhost -e /var/www/vhosts/trac-common/projects If I access the site at http://localhost:8000/ everything works fine, but if I try to access via any of the proxy'd hosts I end up with 403 at every turn. I've used mod_proxy successfully as described above for other servers, such as couchdb, so maybe this has to do with the headers sent by tracd??

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• Strange RDP / Remote Desktop problem

  - by John Landheer

  I'll try to be as specific as I can be: Server is running SBS 2008 R2 (with all updates) Server is connected to the internet Server has 2 NIC's, one is disabled Server is running RDP Service (accessible directly from the internet, I know, not as secure as it should be) Computers A and B are on the same local net. Computers A and B are both Windows 7. Users X and Y are both admins on the server Computer A can connect as user X to the server with mstsc Computer A can connect as user Y to the server with mstsc Computer B can connect as user X to the server with mstsc Computer B CANNOT connect as user Y to the server with mstsc! Error that username/password is incorrect. The last point is the problem, I get an authentication error. This used to work flawlessly for the last year. The server and desktops have been rebooted. EDIT: I tried: prefixing domain to the username prefixing the server computer name to the username change the password copy/paste the password from notepad to make sure it was correct I find it very strange.... EDIT: The computers are not on the same subnet as the server. The server is at my hosting provider. All computers as all users can reach the web app that is running on the server.

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• What is causing ocassional white windows on my Mac?

  - by user63333

  Hello. I'm having a very strange problem with my Mac lately. When I'm working in an app and a new window pane or sheet is displayed, sometimes it comes up completely white. Once an app is having these problems, it will continue to bring up a blank screen for that particular window (although other windows work fine). After the app is relaunched, the window is fine again. What I'm noticing that's very strange is that although the interface turns completely white, the functions of the interface are still available. So I have to "navigate blindly" around the interface, until I can relaunch. This occurs throughout the operating system. Screenshots: This is what happened when I tried opening the File menu in Lightroom app. What happened to me on Lynda.com (in Firefox) after selecting the "Software..." dropdown. (All other dropdowns were fine. Reloading the page fixed it.) When I was decompressing a file, The Unarchiver launched and opened this white window. It still decompressed the file. This is what happened one time when I opened Finder (with TotalFinder) to my Downloads folder. This is something I've never seen before. This just started happening lately. What could be the problem? Thanks for your help. NOTE: since new users are not allowed to post images, just image blank white interface elements. And since new users also aren't allowed to post more than one link, here's the first screenshot:

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• RD Gateway reporting features/capabilities

  - by Don

  We have just implemented RD Gateway for our own department in preparation for a push to the whole agency for telecommuting. It is all setup and working great, but I was trying to figure out how best to go about monitoring/reporting of users. I see third party software out there that will do it, but is there anything built-in or via powershell/scripting that I could use that would give me a report of the daily activity of users? Something to say, "User A connected at this time, was on for this long, sent/received this much data"? Basically some of the same stuff you can see in event viewer. Ideally I'd like to be able to have this setup so that once a day it emails me with the daily usage for when a supervisor asks about if their person is actually working (or at least online sending and receiving x amount of data), I'll have some metrics to give them. I realize that actual work output is relevant and more of a managerial issue, but I would like to be able to offer as much as I can from my end when asked. Thoughts? Thanks!

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• Office 365 domain federation conversion failed

  - by Matt Bear

  We're doing things backwards, we have an established o365 domain, with 400+ users, and are just now deploying local AD, and ADFS for SSO. Last night, after configuring my servers, I ran the powershell command convert-MSOLdomaintofederated to convert the xxx.com vanity domain to federated, it errored out with an unspecified error(Microsoft ADFS support said the error has to do with the default password settings being changed.) And when I run convert-MSOLdomaintostandard, it comes back with the domain is already standard. Also in the o365 portal it shows the domain as standard, however it is trying to process login attempts as if it were a federated domain. I've spent 5 hours total on the phone with Microsoft, and it has been escalated to their engineering department for resolution, sometime within the next few days... I need it yesterday. From what we can gather, the conversion process started, error out, changed some of the internal configurations to federated, but left the description as standard.(if that makes since). So its in a weird limbo, where its in both modes but neither at the same time. Currently, the only way to fix it is to remove the vanity domain, and re-add it. I need a way to dissociate the user accounts from xxx.com domain to allow its removal. Removal of all the users themselves is not an option.

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