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• PostgreSQL: Auto-partition a table

  - by Adam Matan

  Hi, I have a huge database which holds pairs of numbers (A,B), each ranging from 0 to 10,000 and stored as floats. e.g., (1, 9984.4), (2143.44, 124.243), (0.55, 0), ... Since the PostgreSQL table which stores these pairs grew quite large, I have decided to partition it into inheriting sub-tables. I intend to create 100 such tables, each storing a range of 1000x1000. The problem is that these numbers tend to come in large chunks of nearby numbers. It means that in the future, some tables will be nearly empty and some will hold a very large portion of the database. Unfortunately, the distribution of future pairs is yet unknown. I am looking for a way to automatically repartition my table. That means that if a certain subtable holds more than a specific number of pairs, it will be automatically partitioned into four sub-sub tables, and so on. My questions are: Is recursive partitioning and inheritance possible in PostgreSQL 8.3? Will indexes and query plans understand it? What's the best way to split a subtable once it grew too large? I should point out that this isn't a live database, so a downtime of few hours every week is totally acceptable. Thanks in advance, Adam

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• Programming Technique: How to create a simple card game

  - by Shyam

  Hi, As I am learning the Ruby language, I am getting closer to actual programming. So I was thinking of creating a simple card game. My question isn't Ruby orientated, but I do know want to learn how to solve this problem with a genuine OOP approach. In my card game I want to have four players. Using a standard deck with 52 cards, no jokers/wildcards. In the game I won't use the Ace as a dual card, it is always the highest card. So, the programming problems I wonder about are the following: How can I sort/randomize the deck of cards? There are four types, each having 13 values. Eventually there can be only unique values, so picking random values could generate duplicates. How can I implement a simple AI? As there are tons of card games, someone would have figured this part out already, so references would be great. I am a truly Ruby nuby, and my goal here is to learn to solve problems, so pseudo code would be great, just to understand how to solve the problem programmatically. I apologize for my grammar and writing style if it's unclear, for it is not my native language. Also pointers to sites where such challenges are explained, would be a great resource! Thank you for your comments, answers and feedback!

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• recursively implementing 'minimum number of coins' in python

  - by user5198

  This problem is same as asked in here. Given a list of coins, their values (c1, c2, c3, ... cj, ...), and the total sum i. Find the minimum number of coins the sum of which is i (we can use as many coins of one type as we want), or report that it's not possible to select coins in such a way that they sum up to S. I"m just introduced to dynamic programming yesterday and I tried to make a code for it. # Optimal substructure: C[i] = 1 + min_j(C[i-cj]) cdict = {} def C(i, coins): if i <= 0: return 0 if i in cdict: return cdict[i] else: answer = 1 + min([C(i - cj, coins) for cj in coins]) cdict[i] = answer return answer Here, C[i] is the optimal solution for amount of money 'i'. And available coins are {c1, c2, ... , cj, ...} for the program, I've increased the recursion limit to avoid maximum recursion depth exceeded error. But, this program gives the right answer only someones and when a solution is not possible, it doesn't indicate that. What is wrong with my code and how to correct it?

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• Compute the Length of Largest substring that starts and ends with the same substring

  - by Deepak

  Hi People, Below is the Problem Statement: PS: Given a string and a non-empty substring sub, compute recursively the largest substring which starts and ends with sub and return its length. Examples: strDist("catcowcat", "cat") ? 9 strDist("catcowcat", "cow") ? 3 strDist("cccatcowcatxx", "cat") ? 9 Below is my Code: (Without recursion)//since i found it hard to implement with recursion. public int strDist(String str, String sub){ int idx = 0; int max; if (str.isEmpty()) max = 0; else max=1; while ((idx = str.indexOf(sub, idx)) != -1){ int previous=str.indexOf(sub, idx); max = Math.max(max,previous); idx++; } return max; } Its working for few as shown below but returns FAIL for others. Expected This Run strDist("catcowcat", "cat") ? 9 6 FAIL strDist("catcowcat", "cow") ? 3 3 OK strDist("cccatcowcatxx", "cat") ? 9 8 FAIL strDist("abccatcowcatcatxyz", "cat") ? 12 12 OK strDist("xyx", "x") ? 3 2 FAIL strDist("xyx", "y") ? 1 1 OK strDist("xyx", "z") ? 0 1 FAIL strDist("z", "z") ? 1 1 OK strDist("x", "z") ? 0 1 FAIL strDist("", "z") ? 0 0 OK strDist("hiHellohihihi", "hi") ? 13 11 FAIL strDist("hiHellohihihi", "hih") ? 5 9 FAIL strDist("hiHellohihihi", "o") ? 1 6 FAIL strDist("hiHellohihihi", "ll") ? 2 4 FAIL Could you let me whats wrong with the code and how to return the largest substring that begins and ends with sub with its respective length.

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• polynomial multiplication using fastfourier transform

  - by mawia

  i am going through the above topic from CLRS(CORMEN) (page 834) and I got stuck at this point. Can anybody please explain how the following expression, A(x)=A^{[0]}(x^2) +xA^{[1]}(x^2) follows from, n-1 ` S a_j x^j j=0 Where, A^{[0]} = a_0 + a_2x + a_4a^x ... a_{n-2}x^{\frac{n}{2-1}} A^{[1]} = a_1 + a_3x + a_5a^x ... a_{n-1}x^{\frac{n}{2-1}} WITH REGARDS THANKS

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• Mysql results sorted by list which is unique for each user

  - by ADAM

  Ive got a table of thousands of products and 50 or so authenticated users. These users all show the products on their own web sites and they all require the ability to have them ordered differently. Im guesing i need some kind of seperate table for the orders which contains the product_id, user_id and order column? How do i do this the most efficiently in mysql so as to be very fast, and not slow down if i get millions of products in the database. Is it even wise to do it in mysql or should i be using some kind of other index like solr/lucene? My Product table is called "products" My User table is called "users" A good example of the functionality i need is google search where you can order/supress the results if you are logged in. edit: the product results will be paginated and the users have the authority to edit the products, so its not just ready only

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• Why "Algorithms" and "Data Structures" are treated as separate disciplines?

  - by Pavel Shved

  This question was the last straw; and I've been wondering for a long time about it, Why do people think about "Algorithms" and "Data structures" as about something that can be separated from each other? I see a lot of evidence that they're separated in programmers' minds. they request "Data Structures & Algorithms" books they refer to "Data Structures" and "Algorithms" as separate university courses they "know Algorithms", but are "weak in Data Structures" (can't find the link, sorry). etc. In my opinion "Data Structures" are algorithms, since the concept of "Data Structure" is about Algorithms to operate data that go in and out of the structures. But the opinion seems not a mainstream. What do I miss?

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• Matplotlib canvas drawing

  - by Morgoth

  Let's say I define a few functions to do certain matplotlib actions, such as def dostuff(ax): ax.scatter([0.],[0.]) Now if I launch ipython, I can load these functions and start a new figure: In [1]: import matplotlib.pyplot as mpl In [2]: fig = mpl.figure() In [3]: ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1) In [4]: run functions # run the file with the above defined function If I now call dostuff, then the figure does not refresh: In [6]: dostuff(ax) I have to then explicitly run: In [7]: fig.canvas.draw() To get the canvas to draw. Now I can modify dostuff to be def dostuff(ax): ax.scatter([0.],[0.]) ax.get_figure().canvas.draw() This re-draws the canvas automatically. But now, say that I have the following code: def dostuff1(ax): ax.scatter([0.],[0.]) ax.get_figure().canvas.draw() def dostuff2(ax): ax.scatter([1.],[1.]) ax.get_figure().canvas.draw() def doboth(ax): dostuff1(ax) dostuff2(ax) ax.get_figure().canvas.draw() I can call each of these functions, and the canvas will be redrawn, but in the case of doboth(), it will get redrawn multiple times. My question is: how could I code this, such that the canvas.draw() only gets called once? In the above example it won't change much, but in more complex cases with tens of functions that can be called individually or grouped, the repeated drawing is much more obvious, and it would be nice to be able to avoid it. I thought of using decorators, but it doesn't look as though it would be simple. Any ideas?

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• How to represent a Towers of Hanoi problem using a graph?

  - by eSKay

  I am not able to figure out how the graphs shown here are constructed? For example, what does this graph represent? "Nodes are distribution of discs", but I will only have one disc of size a. So, what does node aa represent? I know the answer would be simple, but I cannot figure it out at the moment.

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• Encoding / Error Correction Challenge

  - by emi1faber

  Is it mathematically feasible to encode and initial 4 byte message into 8 bytes and if one of the 8 bytes is completely dropped and another is wrong to reconstruct the initial 4 byte message? There would be no way to retransmit nor would the location of the dropped byte be known. If one uses Reed Solomon error correction with 4 "parity" bytes tacked on to the end of the 4 "data" bytes, such as DDDDPPPP, and you end up with DDDEPPP (where E is an error) and a parity byte has been dropped, I don't believe there's a way to reconstruct the initial message (although correct me if I am wrong)... What about multiplying (or performing another mathematical operation) the initial 4 byte message by a constant, then utilizing properties of an inverse mathematical operation to determine what byte was dropped. Or, impose some constraints on the structure of the message so every other byte needs to be odd and the others need to be even. Alternatively, instead of bytes, it could also be 4 decimal digits encoded in some fashion into 8 decimal digits where errors could be detected & corrected under the same circumstances mentioned above - no retransmission and the location of the dropped byte is not known. I'm looking for any crazy ideas anyone might have... Any ideas out there?

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• recursive function to get all the child categories

  - by user253530

  Here is what I'm trying to do: - i need a function that when passed as an argument an ID (for a category of things) will provide all the subcategories and the sub-sub categories and sub-sub-sub..etc. - i was thinking to use a recursive function since i don't know the number of subcategories their sub-subcategories and so on so here is what i've tried to do so far function categoryChild($id) { $s = "SELECT * FROM PLD_CATEGORY WHERE PARENT_ID = $id"; $r = mysql_query($s); if(mysql_num_rows($r) > 0) { while($row = mysql_fetch_array($r)) echo $row['ID'].",".categoryChild($row['ID']); } else { $row = mysql_fetch_array($r); return $row['ID']; } } If i use return instead of echo, i won't get the same result. I need some help in order to fix this or rewrite it from scratch

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• Effects of changing a node in a binary tree

  - by eSKay

  Suppose I want to change the orange node in the following tree. So, the only other change I'll need to make is in the left pointer of the green node. The blue node will remain the same. Am I wrong somewhere? Because according to this article (that explains zippers), even the blue node needs to be changed. Similarly, in this picture (recolored) from the same article, why do we change the orange nodes at all (when we change x)?

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• how is google Calculator implemented ?

  - by AlgoMan

  When you search in Google "100F to C" how does it know to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius. Similarly, conversion from different currencies and simple calculation. What is the data structure used. Or is it simple pattern matching the strings ?

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• Finding distance to the closest point in a point cloud on an uniform grid

  - by erik

  I have a 3D grid of size AxBxC with equal distance, d, between the points in the grid. Given a number of points, what is the best way of finding the distance to the closest point for each grid point (Every grid point should contain the distance to the closest point in the point cloud) given the assumptions below? Assume that A, B and C are quite big in relation to d, giving a grid of maybe 500x500x500 and that there will be around 1 million points. Also assume that if the distance to the nearest point exceds a distance of D, we do not care about the nearest point distance, and it can safely be set to some large number (D is maybe 2 to 10 times d) Since there will be a great number of grid points and points to search from, a simple exhaustive: for each grid point: for each point: if distance between points < minDistance: minDistance = distance between points is not a good alternative. I was thinking of doing something along the lines of: create a container of size A*B*C where each element holds a container of points for each point: define indexX = round((point position x - grid min position x)/d) // same for y and z add the point to the correct index of the container for each grid point: search the container of that grid point and find the closest point if no points in container and D > 0.5d: search the 26 container indices nearest to the grid point for a closest point .. continue with next layer until a point is found or the distance to that layer is greater than D Basically: put the points in buckets and do a radial search outwards until a points is found for each grid point. Is this a good way of solving the problem, or are there better/faster ways? A solution which is good for parallelisation is preferred.

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• Big-O of PHP functions?

  - by Kendall Hopkins

  After using PHP for a while now, I've noticed that not all PHP built in functions as fast as expected. Consider the below two possible implementations of a function that finds if a number is prime using a cached array of primes. //very slow for large $prime_array $prime_array = array( 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, .... 104729, ... ); $result_array = array(); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = in_array( $number, $large_prime_array ); } //still decent performance for large $prime_array $prime_array => array( 2 => NULL, 3 => NULL, 5 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 11 => NULL, 13 => NULL, .... 104729 => NULL, ... ); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = array_key_exists( $number, $large_prime_array ); } This is because in_array is implemented with a linear search O(n) which will linearly slow down as $prime_array grows. Where the array_key_exists function is implemented with a hash lookup O(1) which will not slow down unless the hash table gets extremely populated (in which case it's only O(logn)). So far I've had to discover the big-O's via trial and error, and occasionally looking at the source code. Now for the question... I was wondering if there was a list of the theoretical (or practical) big O times for all* the PHP built in functions. *or at least the interesting ones For example find it very hard to predict what the big O of functions listed because the possible implementation depends on unknown core data structures of PHP: array_merge, array_merge_recursive, array_reverse, array_intersect, array_combine, str_replace (with array inputs), etc.

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• Is regex too slow? Real life examples where simple non-regex alternative is better

  - by polygenelubricants

  I've seen people here made comments like "regex is too slow!", or "why would you do something so simple using regex!" (and then present a 10+ lines alternative instead), etc. I haven't really used regex in industrial setting, so I'm curious if there are applications where regex is demonstratably just too slow, AND where a simple non-regex alternative exists that performs significantly (maybe even asymptotically!) better. Obviously many highly-specialized string manipulations with sophisticated string algorithms will outperform regex easily, but I'm talking about cases where a simple solution exists and significantly outperforms regex. What counts as simple is subjective, of course, but I think a reasonable standard is that if it uses only String, StringBuilder, etc, then it's probably simple.

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• Use of for_each on map elements

  - by Antonio

  I have a map where I'd like to perform a call on every data type object member function. I yet know how to do this on any sequence but, is it possible to do it on an associative container? The closest answer I could find was this: Boost.Bind to access std::map elements in std::for_each. But I cannot use boost in my project so, is there an STL alternative that I'm missing to boost::bind? If not possible, I thought on creating a temporary sequence for pointers to the data objects and then, call for_each on it, something like this: class MyClass { public: void Method() const; } std::map<int, MyClass> Map; //... std::vector<MyClass*> Vector; std::transform(Map.begin(), Map.end(), std::back_inserter(Vector), std::mem_fun_ref(&std::map<int, MyClass>::value_type::second)); std::for_each(Vector.begin(), Vector.end(), std::mem_fun(&MyClass::Method)); It looks too obfuscated and I don't really like it. Any suggestions?

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• CodeGolf: Brothers

  - by John McClane

  Hi guys, I just finished participating in the 2009 ACM ICPC Programming Conest in the Latinamerican Finals. These questions were for Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, etc. My team and I could only finish two questions out of the eleven (not bad I think for the first try). Here's one we could finish. I'm curious to seeing any variations to the code. The question in full: ps: These questions can also be found on the official ICPC website available to everyone. In the land of ACM ruled a greeat king who became obsessed with order. The kingdom had a rectangular form, and the king divided the territory into a grid of small rectangular counties. Before dying the king distributed the counties among his sons. The king was unaware of the rivalries between his sons: The first heir hated the second but not the rest, the second hated the third but not the rest, and so on...Finally, the last heir hated the first heir, but not the other heirs. As soon as the king died, the strange rivaly among the King's sons sparked off a generalized war in the kingdom. Attacks only took place between pairs of adjacent counties (adjacent counties are those that share one vertical or horizontal border). A county X attacked an adjacent county Y whenever X hated Y. The attacked county was always conquered. All attacks where carried out simultanously and a set of simultanous attacks was called a battle. After a certain number of battles, the surviving sons made a truce and never battled again. For example if the king had three sons, named 0, 1 and 2, the figure below shows what happens in the first battle for a given initial land distribution: INPUT The input contains several test cases. The first line of a test case contains four integers, N, R, C and K. N - The number of heirs (2 <= N <= 100) R and C - The dimensions of the land. (2 <= R,C <= 100) K - Number of battles that are going to take place. (1 <= K <= 100) Heirs are identified by sequential integers starting from zero. Each of the next R lines contains C integers HeirIdentificationNumber (saying what heir owns this land) separated by single spaces. This is to layout the initial land. The last test case is a line separated by four zeroes separated by single spaces. (To exit the program so to speak) Output For each test case your program must print R lines with C integers each, separated by single spaces in the same format as the input, representing the land distribution after all battles. Sample Input: Sample Output: 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 Another example: Sample Input: Sample Output: 4 2 3 4 1 0 3 1 0 3 2 1 2 2 1 2

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• How do bezier handles work?

  - by user146780

  On Wikipedia I found information about bezier curves and made a function to generate the inbetween points for a bezier polygon. I noticed that Expression Design uses bezier handles. This allows a circle to be made with 4 points each with a bezier handle. I'm just not sure mathematically how this works in relation with the formula for bezier point at time T. How do these handle vectors work to modify the shape? Basically what's there relation to the bezier formula? Thanks

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• MD5 algorithm in Objective C

  - by Biranchi

  How to calculate the MD5 in objective C ?

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• Traveling Salesman - Nearest Neighbor vs Genetic DEATHMATCH

  - by EvilTeach

  Over the last few days I have noted a few web sites that demonstrated TS solution using genetic algorithms. I am looking for your opinion which is better for this particular problem. Heuristics vs Genetic. By better, I mean will yield a shorter/lower cost path. Explain why you feel the way that you do. Examples, and off-site links are welcome.

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• Mergesort : Revision

  - by stan

  Does merge sort work by; taking a list of values splitting it in to two take the first element of each list, the lowest value one goes in to a new list(and i guess removed from the original). comare the next two numbers - do this until one list is empty, then place the rest of the other list at the end ofthe nw list? Also, what are the ramifications of doing this on a linked list? Thanks

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• Why is my logic not working correctly for SPOJ TOPOSORT?

  - by Kavish Dwivedi

  The given problem is http://www.spoj.com/problems/TOPOSORT/ The output format is particularly important as : Print "Sandro fails." if Sandro cannot complete all his duties on the list. If there is a solution print the correct ordering, the jobs to be done separated by a whitespace. If there are multiple solutions print the one, whose first number is smallest, if there are still multiple solutions, print the one whose second number is smallest, and so on. What I am doing is simply doing dfs by reversing the edges i.e if job A finishes before job B, there is a directed edge from B to A . I am maintaining the order by sorting the adjacency list I created and storing the nodes which don't have any constraints separately so as to print them later in correct order . There are two flag arrays used , one for marking discovered node and one for marking the node whose all neighbors have been explored. Now my solution is http://www.ideone.com/QCUmKY (the important function is the visit funtion ) and its giving WA after running correct for 10 cases so its really hard to figure out where am I doing it wrong since it runs for all of the test cases which I have done by hand.

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• Stripe suppression algorithm needed

  - by maximus

  I have images with text. There are dark stripes in image that still exists in binary image too. That makes characters connected with that stripe - it can be vertical or horizontal (or at some angle) I need to remove them from image at first, and then to binarize. I've seen bandpass filter in ImageJ program that have some options like - suppress horizontal stripes, and it works good, but it also apply a bandpass filtering. So any idea please how to do it. I think it should be done in frequency domain.

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• best way to pick a random subset from a collection?

  - by Tom

  I have a set of objects in a Vector from which I'd like to select a random subset (e.g. 100 items coming back; pick 5 randomly). In my first (very hasty) pass I did an extremely simple and perhaps overly clever solution: Vector itemsVector = getItems(); Collections.shuffle(itemsVector); itemsVector.setSize(5); While this has the advantage of being nice and simple, I suspect it's not going to scale very well, i.e. Collections.shuffle() must be O(n) at least. My less clever alternative is Vector itemsVector = getItems(); Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); // would make this static to the class List subsetList = new ArrayList(5); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // be sure to use Vector.remove() or you may get the same item twice subsetList.add(itemsVector.remove(rand.nextInt(itemsVector.size()))); } Any suggestions on better ways to draw out a random subset from a Collection?

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