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• Questions a bout "interrupt"

  - by smwikipedia

  Could someone help me clarify the following conecpts, and the relationship among them? Maskable interrupt Unmaskable interrupt Hardware interrupt Software interrupt CPU INTR pin the IF bit of EFlags register Some specific questions: What's the relationship between Maskable/Unmaskable interrupt and Hardware/Software interrupt? What kind of interrupts does INTR pin detect? What kind of interrupts are enabled/disabled by IF bit of EFlags register? What kind of interrupts need the presence of an interrupt controller? Many thanks.

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• Curiosity beyond abstractions: how is bytecode executed? how do device drivers work?

  - by Yktula

  Everything I've seen on *nix has been a set of abstractions off hardware, but I'm curious as to how the hardware works. I've programmed in assembly, but that's still only a set of abstractions. How does a processor understand assembly opcodes (as bytecode)? How do device drivers work (with an explanation at a lower level (of abstraction))?

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• Curiosity beyond abstractions: how do device drivers work?

  - by Yktula

  Everything I've seen on *nix has been a set of abstractions off hardware, but I'm curious as to how the hardware works. I've programmed in assembly, but that's still only a set of abstractions. How do device drivers work (at a lower level)? How does a processor understand assembly opcodes (as bytecode)?

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• How to diagnose computer lockup/freezing problem

  - by Scott Mitchell

  I built a desktop computer a couple years back with the following specs: CPU: Intel Core 2 Quad Q9300 Yorkfield 2.5GHz 6MB L2 Cache LGA 775 95W Quad-Core Processor BX80580Q9300 Motherboard: EVGA 122-CK-NF68-T1 LGA 775 NVIDIA nForce 680i SLI ATX Intel Motherboard Video Card: Two EVGA 256-P2-N758-TR GeForce 8600GT SCC 256MB 128-bit GDDR3 PCI Express x16 SLI Supported Video Card PSU: SeaSonic S12 Energy Plus SS-550HT 550W ATX12V V2.3 / EPS12V V2.91 SLI Certified CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS Certified Active PFC Power Supply Memory: Two G.SKILL 4GB (2 x 2GB) 240-Pin DDR2 SDRAM DDR2 800 (PC2 6400) Dual Channel Kit Desktop Memory Model F2-6400CL5D-4GBPQ Since its inception, the machine has periodically locked up, the regularlity having varied over the years from once a day to once a month. Typically, lockups happen once every few days. By "lockup" I mean my computer just freezes. The screen locks up, I can't move the mouse. Hitting keys on my keyboard that normally turn LEDs on or off on the keyboard (such as Caps Lock) no longer turn the LEDs on or off. If there was music playing at the time of the lockup, noise keeps coming out of the speakers, but it's just the current frequency/note that plays indefinitely. There is no BSOD. When such a lockup occurs I have to do a hard reboot by either turning off the computer or hitting the reset button. I have the most recent version of the NVIDIA hardware drivers, and update them semi-regularly, but that hasn't seemed to help. I am currently using Windows 7 x64, but was previously using Windows Server 2003 x64 and having the same lockup issues. My guess is that it's somehow video driver or motherboard related, but I don't know how to go about diagnosing this problem to narrow down which of the two is the culprit. Additional information re: cooling Regarding cooling... I've not installed any after-market cooling systems aside from two regular fans I scavenged from an older computer. The fan atop the CPU is the one that shipped with it. One of the two scavenged fans I added it located at the bottom tower of the corner, in an attempt to create some airflow from front to back. The second fan is pointed directly at the two video cards. SpeedFan installation and readings Per studiohack's suggestion, I installed SpeedFan, which provided the following temperature readings: GPU: 63C GPU: 65C System: 76C CPU: 64C AUX: 36C Core 0: 78C Core 1: 76C Core 2: 79C Core 3: 79C Update #3: Another Lockup :-( Well, I had another lockup last night. :-( SpeedFan reported the CPU temp at 38 C when it happened, and there was no spike in temperature leading up to the freeze. One thing I notice is that the freeze seems more likely to happen if I am watching a video. In fact, of the last 5 freezes over the past month, 4 of them have been while watching a video on Flickr. Not necessarily the same video, but a video nevertheless. I don't know if this is just coincidence or if it means anything. (As an aside, each night before bedtime my 2 year old daughter sits on my lap and watches some home videos on Flickr and, in the last month, has learned the phrase, "Uh oh, computer broke.") Update #4: MemTest86 and 3DMark06 Test Results: Per suggestions in the comments, I ran the MemTest86 overnight and it cycled through the 8 GB of memory 5 times without error. I also ran the 3DMark06 test without a problem (see my scores at http://3dmark.com/3dm06/15163549). So... what now? :-) Any further suggestions on what to check? Is there some way to get a stack trace or something when the computer locks like that? Thanks

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• How to diagnose computer lockups and freezes?

  - by Scott Mitchell

  I built a desktop computer a couple years back with the following specs: CPU: Intel Core 2 Quad Q9300 Yorkfield 2.5GHz 6 MB L2 Cache LGA 775 95W Quad-Core Processor BX80580Q9300 Motherboard: EVGA 122-CK-NF68-T1 LGA 775 NVIDIA nForce 680i SLI ATX Intel Motherboard Video Card: Two EVGA 256-P2-N758-TR GeForce 8600GT SCC 256 MB 128-bit GDDR3 PCI Express x16 SLI Supported Video Card PSU: SeaSonic S12 Energy Plus SS-550HT 550W ATX12V V2.3 / EPS12V V2.91 SLI Certified CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS Certified Active PFC Power Supply Memory: Two G.SKILL 4 GB (2 x 2 GB) 240-Pin DDR2 SDRAM DDR2 800 (PC2 6400) Dual Channel Kit Desktop Memory Model F2-6400CL5D-4GBPQ Since its inception, the machine has periodically locked up, the regularity having varied over the years from once a day to once a month. Typically, lockups happen once every few days. By "lockup" I mean my computer just freezes. The screen locks up, I can't move the mouse. Hitting keys on my keyboard that normally turn LEDs on or off on the keyboard (such as Caps Lock) no longer turn the LEDs on or off. If there was music playing at the time of the lockup, noise keeps coming out of the speakers, but it's just the current frequency/note that plays indefinitely. There is no BSOD. When such a lockup occurs I have to do a hard reboot by either turning off the computer or hitting the reset button. I have the most recent version of the NVIDIA hardware drivers, and update them semi-regularly, but that hasn't seemed to help. I am currently using Windows 7 x64, but was previously using Windows Server 2003 x64 and having the same lockup issues. My guess is that it's somehow video driver or motherboard related, but I don't know how to go about diagnosing this problem to narrow down which of the two is the culprit. Additional information re: cooling Regarding cooling... I've not installed any after-market cooling systems aside from two regular fans I scavenged from an older computer. The fan atop the CPU is the one that shipped with it. One of the two scavenged fans I added it located at the bottom tower of the corner, in an attempt to create some airflow from front to back. The second fan is pointed directly at the two video cards. SpeedFan installation and readings Per studiohack's suggestion, I installed SpeedFan, which provided the following temperature readings: GPU: 63C GPU: 65C System: 76C CPU: 64C AUX: 36C Core 0: 78C Core 1: 76C Core 2: 79C Core 3: 79C Update #3: Another Lockup :-( Well, I had another lockup last night. :-( SpeedFan reported the CPU temp at 38 C when it happened, and there was no spike in temperature leading up to the freeze. One thing I notice is that the freeze seems more likely to happen if I am watching a video. In fact, of the last 5 freezes over the past month, 4 of them have been while watching a video on Flickr. Not necessarily the same video, but a video nevertheless. I don't know if this is just coincidence or if it means anything. (As an aside, each night before bedtime my 2 year old daughter sits on my lap and watches some home videos on Flickr and, in the last month, has learned the phrase, "Uh oh, computer broke.") Update #4: MemTest86 and 3DMark06 Test Results: Per suggestions in the comments, I ran the MemTest86 overnight and it cycled through the 8 GB of memory 5 times without error. I also ran the 3DMark06 test without a problem (see my scores at http://3dmark.com/3dm06/15163549). So... what now? :-) Any further suggestions on what to check? Is there some way to get a stack trace or something when the computer locks like that? Resolution I have never did figure out the particular problems, but based on the suggestions here and elsewhere, I'm presuming it was a motherboard issue. In any event, I recently upgraded my system, buying a new motherbeard, PSU, CPU, and RAM, and that new rig has been working splendidly the past several weeks. I am using the same graphic cards as in the old setup, so I think it's safe to reason that they weren't the cause of the problem.

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• How can I unit test a class which requires a web service call?

  - by Chris Cooper

  I'm trying to test a class which calls some Hadoop web services. The code is pretty much of the form: method() { ...use Jersey client to create WebResource... ...make request... ...do something with response... } e.g. there is a create directory method, a create folder method etc. Given that the code is dealing with an external web service that I don't have control over, how can I unit test this? I could try and mock the web service client/responses but that breaks the guideline I've seen a lot recently: "Don't mock objects you don't own". I could set up a dummy web service implementation - would that still constitute a "unit test" or would it then be an integration test? Is it just not possible to unit test at this low a level - how would a TDD practitioner go about this?

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• Which part of the computer needs all the power from the PSU?

  - by Xeoncross

  A couple years ago I was building a new Core 2 Quad system and after reading all the reviews was convinced that I would need at least a 400 watt power supply unit (PSU). I bought a 500W Antec EarthWatts However, last year I bought a Kill-A-Watt power meter to test some things around our house and found that my PC was only using 80W of power while idle! (C2Q, 4GB RAM, SATA HD, & DVD burner) Well, here I am building another computer with a 65watt Core 2 CPU in it and I'm wondering if I can skimp out this time and get a 300watt or so unit since my usage doesn't seem to be what everyone claims it is. I'm sure that the people in the reviews who exhausted 500watt PSU weren't lying - so what is it that uses all that? The high-end dual SLI video cards? Lots of SATA drives? Overclocking?

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• Buying replacement Macbook Pro Battery - Genuine vs. eBay

  - by Nicolas Webb

  I'm looking to replace my Macbook Pro's battery (15", last model before the Unibody). It's currently at 55% capacity (as reported in System Information and Battery Health Monitor). I've reset the SMC firmware, calibrated the battery, and it's just not lasting that long anymore. I've seen some genuine replacements that are "pulls" (pulled from used computers) that are rated at least 90% capacity (iFixit, MacSales). I've also seen a variety of batteries on eBay that look more like clones than genuine batteries, but are new. A new battery from Apple is $129, and when I brought my laptop in they ran the Battery test and said if I bought the battery right then they'd give me a discount (around $100). Anyone out there used one of these "OEM Compatible" batteries? Fit/finish good? (I don't want a funky color or a corner that sticks out.) Or, should I just suck it up and get the genuine replacement (for about twice the price)?

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• Migrating RAID6 array from HP SmartArray P600 to LSI MegaRAID SAS 8888ELP

  - by MLu

  My customer has an external RAID6 array (8x 1TB in HP MSA60 enclosure) attached to HP SmartArray P600 controller. They have now decided to replace the server and the new one comes with LSI MegaRAID SAS 8888ELP. The HW supplier insists the migration is as simple as pulling the eSATA cable from P600 and inserting it into LSI but I'm not convinced. Unfortunately I have nowhere to test, and will have to do the exercise on the production array :( So the question in brief - is it possible to import the HP SmartArray P600-created RAID6 array to LSI MegaRAID 8888ELP?

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• Mini-ITX board for AM3 Athlon X4 600e processor.

  - by Kamil Zadora

  Hello, I am planning to build a PC to control a robotic platform that I am building (about 50% complete). I need more power than ATOM platform could bring, as the robot will need to do on the fly image processing to work as intended. I was considering using Athlon X4 600e as it is rated 45W Maximum output. Probably underclocked it would go lower than 30-35W. I do not I'am at very long battery life, but the 17Ah, 12V battery should keep it running for few hours. My problem is: motherboard. I am space limited so I am looking for a nice mini-itx AM3 motherboard to match the processor. It is hard to find many tests about power usage of the motherboards itself (for example, when using the same processor on different motherboards, test are usualy done in the opposite matter). Could you provide any motherboard examples or suggest what chipset to look for? Thank you in advance.

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• Windows detected a hard disk failure* - what should I do?

  - by bart

  I'm using Windows 7 x64 Ultimate, I'm getting windows error popups like this one for about 3 days, multiple times a day: This Samsung SpinPoint F3 HD502HJ 500 GB is about 2 years old and I already checked it with Samsung ES Tool 3.0, did all the scans (took hours) and everything is fine! I have no malware, viruses and this started to happen after I have had some electrcity issues at my house (multiple power surges / overvolatege during the night, PC was connected, but turned off), any ideas? What other test should I perform? I believe the disk could be damaged, but then diagnostic tools should prove this, right? *in fact "Windows detected hard disk problem" but I was unable to put word "problem" within the title as well.

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• Why my new GTX 660m's clock drops drastically after running few seconds

  - by trVoldemort

  I bought a Lenovo Y580 laptop few days ago, this model is equipped with GTX 660m graphics card. However, the game performance is unbelievably poor since it out from the box. I realized there is something wrong with this graphics card. I downloaded GPU-z, and did a simple test. And I was shocked by the fact that my GTX 660m graphics card is running at 135.0mhz core clock. (It should be 835mhz at least!) Even the integrated graphics card "Intel HD graphics 4000" can run at 650mhz. Further examining showed that in the first few seconds GTX 660m was actually running at 835mhz, however the core temperature quickly reached 90+°C and the clock (maybe) automatically drop to 135.0mhz. This is very strange. Anyone has any idea what's going on here?

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• Laptop turns off after 20 minutes of use

  - by Christoph

  My laptop a sony vaio VGN-NW11S http://www.trustedreviews.com/Sony-VAIO-VGN-NW11S-S---15-5in-Laptop_Laptop_review. Everytime i turn it on, in safe mode or not, if i try to open an application i.e. run a process such as google chrome or event viewer, defrag, virus scan, it completely turns off without warning, nor giving a trace of events the next time I switch it on. Apart from that, I had worries it might be my battery or power supply but I dont think it is that, I took the laptop apart cleaning fans etc. and have ordered some cpu paste as I checked to see the condition of the processor. I will post to see if re-applying the paste works. One more thing, when the heavy processes kick in, the fan starts to make a lot of noise, maybe trying to cool down the CPU? Any ideas on what else it could be and what I could do to test what is wrong?

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• Why didn't cable select work?

  - by jldugger

  I got roped into doing tech support for a friend of the family. Obviously I'd already failed to hide my powers, ala Penny Arcade. Anyways, the guy bought a DVD burner OEM from Microcenter, and asked me to install it. So I stopped by before and thought I'd be slick and use Cable Select on the jumpers. I didn't get a chance to test it before it I had to leave, and it seems that this didn't work. I came back this week to investigate, and he explains he's confused how none of the software he downloaded was able to burn. So on a whim I switch it to explicit master / slave, and it starts working fine. Whoops. Well, at least it's not the extra crap he found and downloaded for free from the internet. Why doesn't setting both jumpers to Cable Select solve this?

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• PC reboots spontaenously: debugging tips

  - by aaron

  I swapped my core 2 duo for a quad core recently, and generally things run fine, but every now and then my computer just restarts. I don't even get a blue screen (Vista 32). Core temp isn't a problem. My thinking is that my power supply is inadequate, but I haven't been able to test that (one idea was to under clock the cpu to see if that helped, but going up in speed was the only simple thing to do in the BIOS) Two cases where I semi-consistanly get problems: - Borderlands windowed after some period of time (and some other games, but Borderlands does it pretty regularly) - watching a video (e.g. quicktime/vlc) and having another video running Another thought is non-cpu heat? Maybe the graphics card? Any thoughts on how to track this down appreciated. Thanks!

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• Error message from running a test file in ruby? What wrong? Please help!

  - by hamdoggy

  C:\Users\rahul\Documents\University of California, Santa Barbara\scheduler\sbsch eduler\gold_apiruby access_gold_test.rb C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/test-unit-2.0.0/lib/test/unit/testresult.rb:28: u ninitialized constant Test::Unit::TestResult::TestResultFailureSupport (NameErro r) from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in ge m_original_require' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:inre quire' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/test-unit-2.0.0/lib/test/unit/ui/tes trunnermediator.rb:9 from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in ge m_original_require' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:inre quire' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/test-unit-2.0.0/lib/test/unit/ui/con sole/testrunner.rb:9 from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in ge m_original_require' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:inre quire' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/test/unit/autorunner.rb:25 from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/test/unit/autorunner.rb:214:in []' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/test/unit/autorunner.rb:214:inrun' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/test/unit/autorunner.rb:12:in `run' from C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/test/unit.rb:278 from access_gold_test.rb:34

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• Why is firefox 4 not HW accelerated?

  - by acidzombie24

  At first i thought it was my computer but then i tried chrome. Why isnt firefox not hardware accelerated? The first screenshot shows chrome at 23% usage. The 2nd shows 59%. I have 2 cpus which is why it isnt 100% usage. The game pictured is biolab Heres the text for about:support Application Basics Name Firefox Version 4.0 User Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:2.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0 Profile Directory Open Containing Folder Enabled Plugins about:plugins Build Configuration about:buildconfig Extensions Name Version Enabled ID Modified Preferences Name Value accessibility.typeaheadfind.flashBar 0 browser.places.importBookmarksHTML false browser.places.smartBookmarksVersion 2 browser.startup.homepage_override.buildID 20110303194838 browser.startup.homepage_override.mstone rv:2.0 extensions.lastAppVersion 4.0 gfx.font_rendering.directwrite.enabled true network.cookie.prefsMigrated true places.history.expiration.transient_current_max_pages 127602 privacy.sanitize.migrateFx3Prefs true Graphics Adapter Description Mobile Intel(R) 4 Series Express Chipset Family Vendor ID 8086 Device ID 2a42 Adapter RAM Unknown Adapter Drivers igdumd64 igd10umd64 igdumdx32 igd10umd32 Driver Version 8.15.10.2202 Driver Date 8-25-2010 Direct2D Enabled true DirectWrite Enabled true (6.1.7600.16385, font cache n/a) WebGL Renderer Google Inc. -- ANGLE -- OpenGL ES 2.0 (ANGLE 0.0.0.541) GPU Accelerated Windows 1/1 Direct3D 10

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• Have I bricked my Sun V20z?

  - by David Mackintosh

  I have a small pile of Sun V20z computers. I was trying to update the SP and BIOS firmwares in order to bring them all up to the same standard -- mostly to get the updated (ie actually useful) SP functionality, and figured that I would just do the BIOS while I was at it. For three of the four computers, it worked perfectly. However after the BIOS update, the fourth system won't boot. I did this: batch05-mgmt $ sp get mounts Local Remote /mnt 10.16.0.8:/export/v20z batch05-mgmt $ platform set os state update-bios /mnt/sw_images/platform/firmware/bios/V1.35.3.2/bios.sp This command may take several minutes. Please be patient. Bios started Bios Flash Transmit Started Bios Flash Transmit Complete Bios Flash update Progress: 7 Bios Flash update Progress: 6 Bios Flash update Progress: 5 Bios Flash update Progress: 4 Bios Flash update Progress: 3 Bios Flash update Progress: 2 Bios Flash update Progress: 1 Bios Flash update complete batch05-mgmt $ platform set power state on This command may take several minutes. Please be patient. After an hour of waiting, it still won't start. The chassis powers on, but beyond the fans spinning up and the hardware POST of the drives, nothing appears to happen. So if I try to re-flash the BIOS (on the theory that maybe something went wrong): batch05-mgmt $ platform set os state update-bios /mnt/sw_images/platform/firmware/bios/V1.35.3.2/bios.sp This command may take several minutes. Please be patient. Bios started Error. The operation timed out. Have I bricked it?

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• Ideal Bacula appliance?

  - by Ricket

  I'm an intern at a small company and we (the IT department of two) manage <100 client computers and a handful of servers. Currently we're using a company's appliance to handle backup; it does a small backup every night and a full backup every weekend, and a guy comes on Wednesday to take an offsite backup drive (and gives back last week's drive to swap with it). Lately this system, mainly the appliance, has been having problems, so we are looking for an alternative. I'm researching other companies but also looking into what we might expect from trying to do this ourselves. There will undoubtedly be a large learning curve, but hey, that's what serverfault is for, right? :) So anyway I was looking at Bacula. Feature list sounds great, documentation is plentiful, but it's only software. So my question is, what is the ideal backup server to run the Bacula server software on? And not only the server but other related appliances. Our current backup appliance uses only hard drives, not tape drives. It has several plugged into it at one time, in hotswap bays on the front of the machine. I couldn't help but notice though, it's hardly more than Windows XP with hard drive bays, a PCI eSATA card (which connects to another appliance extension piece with 2 more bays), and their software. Since the company will take back their appliance if/when we cancel with them, where can I go to configure a server with these kinds of things? Maybe I'm being naive, I'm sure Dell (and any other computer company) sells them in the small business section of their website, but I wanted to make sure that there's not some other more recommended place that other companies are getting their hardware from, and that I don't need anything special for Bacula.

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• DVD-ROM: Pioneer DVD-115GA not being detected.

  - by Wesley

  Specs to put things in context: AMD Athlon XP 2400+ @ 2.00 GHz / 2 x 512 MB PC-3200 DDR RAM / 160 GB IDE HDD / 128 MB GeForce 6200 AGP / FIC AM37 / Windows XP Pro SP3 So this computer is actually an upgraded EMachines T2482. I found a used DVD-ROM for cheap... the Pioneer DVD-115GA. I originally had a plain DVD Reader (Lite-On XJ-HD166S) which was quite useless. So I basically did a simple swap of the drive and powered up the computer. The drive could open and close, and I put in a DVD and it was spinning, but no detection. Going into the BIOS, the drive was not detected. (The IDE cable connecting the DVD-ROM is connected to the CD-ROM below it and then attached to the secondary IDE port on the motherboard.) So I started all the way up and tried to scan for hardware changes in Computer Management. Still, nothing. I have the software downloaded from the Pioneer site, and that couldn't detect anything. So what else can I try to hopefully get my DVD-ROM recognized by the BIOS? Thanks in advance!

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• Error 0x80300001 Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 64bit on FastTrak TX4660 RAID volume

  - by Konstantin Boyandin

  I am trying to install Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise 64bit on the following hardware: motherboard Intel DBS1200BTL Promise FastTrak TX4660 RAID controller 4 disks set up in two RAID1 arrays (handled by FastTrak) I am trying to install Windows so it would boot from RAID1 volume created with the FastTrak controller. The installation goes as in the manual, I insert the disk with the driver, select 'Browse' and specify the correct driver, it finds all the RAID arrays but notifies me that error 0x80300001 happened, Windows can't be installed on the mentioned RAID volumes, since they may not be bootable (even though the target RAID volume is the first in boot options list). If I proceed with the installation, Windows copies and unpacks itself, performs other standard actions after that. After the computer is restarted, it won't boot (Windows Boot Manager appears in the boot devices list; however, neither it nor the RAID volume itself does not boot). Is it a known problem? I can attach the boot disks to the motherboard and use its RAID capabilities instead, but I'd prefer FastTrak ones. Driver version is 1.3.0.4. Thanks.

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• Problems migrating software RAID 5 to new server (linux)

  - by leleu

  I have a CentOS setup with sw RAID5 that holds my data. Well, the server died, so I bought another box to migrate my drives to. Only thing is, I cannot get the RAID array rebuilt (not even sure it needs rebuilding, might just need the /dev/md0 mapping created... but I don't even know how to determine what I need!) Some details: RAID5 software (used mdadm) 4x 250GB drives (2 are SATA, 2 are EIDE -- would this matter? It worked fine in the other box...) latest CentOS distro built using mdadm I've got a decent amount of experience with standard linux stuff, but the hardware level stuff runs me in circles. I've spent some time googling and elsewhere here on SF, so please be kind for my newbie questions :). My question is this: how can I diagnose the problem? For all I know, I'm using the wrong device blocks when I try to rebuild the array, but I can't find the command to display only the devices that have some physical attachment. Is there some simple way for me to run mdadm, having it scan over all my physical drives, and say "hey, drives 2,5,6,7 are a software array, want me to mount it?" I basically just took the drives from my old box and put it into my new one. They show up in the BIOS. What steps do I need to take in order to get the array up, running, and mounted? Thanks in advance!

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• How to diagnose disk errors when disk appears to be ok?

  - by Kylotan

  I have a six-month-old 1TB Seagate drive formatted into 2 NTFS partitions, and the disk appeared to be failing with Windows dropping down from UDMA to PIO mode, reporting Delayed Write Errors, and hanging Explorer when browsing directories. My initial suspicion was that the disk was dying. However, on further examination it appears that Ubuntu, which doesn't write to the volume frequently like Windows does, was able to read the disk properly and retrieve all the data intact, saving me from having to use an older backup. Finally, running the Seatools DOS diagnostic reported that the disk has no problems, ie. SMART errors and no bad sectors, apparently. This, in combination with the relative youth of the disk, suggests that something else is broken. The cable? The PSU? The integrated disk controller? But what would be a good way to diagnose the problem without risking damaging the data? I intend to extract the disk and try it in an external eSATA enclosure and see if the write errors cease, but in the event of the disk appearing to be fine, I would like to be able to confirm what part of the hardware is actually broken here in order to know just what needs replacing. Are there any good ways to go about this?

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• Weird mouse/keyboard freezups when using PowerPoint 2007 with IBM/Lenovo docking station

  - by DanM

  I'm not sure what part of my system is responsible for this, but when using PowerPoint, I have problems when trying to resize drawing objects. I'll be dragging the handle and suddenly, the object will deselect and whatever is behind the object will select and start moving around. Next thing I know, the keyboard won't type anymore, and the only way to fix it is to unplug the USB and plug it back in. In case it's hardware related, I'm using an IMB Thinkpad T60P in a docking station. My keyboard is a Microsoft Natural Keyboard Pro. My OS is Windows XP SP3. I've never noticed this happening in anything besides PowerPoint, and I don't know anyone else who has this problem (even people with similar setups). Any ideas what it could be? Edit Well, it looks like I only get the problem if I plug the mouse into my docking station's USB. If I plug directly into the laptop's USB, everything works fine. And, again, this problem is only with PowerPoint. I tried playing with some drawing objects in Word and had no issue no matter where my mouse was plugged in. I should also mention I tried a different mouse (a standard Microsoft corded mouse instead of my Logitech trackball), but that made no difference. So, I don't think it's anything specific with the trackball or the trackball's driver. I tried searching Google but came up empty, so I'm guessing this problem is something unique to my setup. If you have any thoughts or ideas to try, I'd love to hear them.

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• How to diagnose frequent segfaults

  - by Andreas Gohr

  My server is logging frequent segmentation faults to /var/log/kern.log in different tools. So far I've seen them in Perl, PHP and rsync. All installed software is up-to-date Debian packages. Here's an exerpt from the log file: Mar 2 01:07:54 gaz kernel: [ 5316.246303] imapsync[4533]: segfault at 8b ip 00007fb448c98fe6 sp 00007ffff571dd68 error 4 in libperl.so.5.10.1[7fb448bd7000+164000] Mar 2 01:17:42 gaz kernel: [ 5904.354307] php5-cgi[4441]: segfault at 2bb3dc8 ip 0000000002bb3dc8 sp 00007fffbeeaae48 error 15 Mar 2 02:54:05 gaz kernel: [11687.922316] php5-cgi[4495]: segfault at 2d7acf9 ip 0000000002d7acf9 sp 00007fff60c6eb18 error 15 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390322] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 00000000024b03f0 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390341] IP: [<00000000024b03f0>] 0x24b03f0 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390353] PGD 208c71067 PUD 21c811067 PMD 209329067 PTE 8000000211c88067 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390365] Oops: 0011 [#1] SMP Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390373] last sysfs file: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:12.0/host4/target4:0:0/4:0:0:0/block/sdb/stat Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390386] CPU 1 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390392] Modules linked in: cpufreq_userspace cpufreq_stats cpufreq_powersave cpufreq_conservative xt_recent xt_tcpudp iptable_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_ ipv4 ip6table_filter ip6_tables xt_DSCP xt_TCPMSS ipt_LOG ipt_REJECT iptable_mangle iptable_filter xt_multiport xt_state xt_limit xt_conntrack nf_conntrack_ftp nf_conntrack ip_tables x_tables loop snd _hda_codec_atihdmi snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hwdep snd_pcm radeon snd_timer ttm snd drm_kms_helper soundcore drm snd_page_alloc i2c_algo_bit shpchp i2c_piix4 edac_core pcspkr k8temp evdev edac_m ce_amd pci_hotplug i2c_core button ext3 jbd mbcache dm_mod powernow_k8 aacraid 3w_9xxx 3w_xxxx raid10 raid456 async_raid6_recov async_pq raid6_pq async_xor xor async_memcpy async_tx raid1 raid0 md_mod sata_nv sata_sil sata_via sd_mod crc_t10dif ata_generic ahci pata_atiixp ohci_hcd libata r8169 mii thermal ehci_hcd processor thermal_sys scsi_mod usbcore nls_base [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390566] Pid: 11482, comm: munin-limits Not tainted 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 MS-7368 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390576] RIP: 0010:[<00000000024b03f0>] [<00000000024b03f0>] 0x24b03f0 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390586] RSP: 0018:ffff88021cc8dec0 EFLAGS: 00010286 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390593] RAX: 000000001ddc1000 RBX: 0000000000000010 RCX: ffffffff810f9904 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390600] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffea0007688200 RDI: 0000000000000286 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390608] RBP: 00000000ffffffea R08: 0000000000000025 R09: 7865542f30312e35 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390615] R10: 000000d01cc8ddf8 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: ffff88021cc8def8 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390622] R13: 0000000002295010 R14: 00000000022c9db0 R15: 0000000002488d78 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390630] FS: 00007f3b3c8b2700(0000) GS:ffff880008d00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390641] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390648] CR2: 00000000024b03f0 CR3: 000000021c5d1000 CR4: 00000000000006e0 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390656] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390663] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390671] Process munin-limits (pid: 11482, threadinfo ffff88021cc8c000, task ffff88021bf59530) Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390681] Stack: Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390687] ffffffff810f1d4a ffff880208c63228 0000000000000000 00007fffc2dcecc0 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390697] <0> 00000000024ba2b0 0000000002295010 ffffffff810f1e3d 0000000000000004 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390712] <0> ffff88021bf59530 ffff88021c4edc00 ffffffff812fe0b6 ffff88021c4edc60 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390732] Call Trace: Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390742] [<ffffffff810f1d4a>] ? vfs_fstatat+0x2c/0x57 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390750] [<ffffffff810f1e3d>] ? sys_newstat+0x11/0x30 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390760] [<ffffffff812fe0b6>] ? do_page_fault+0x2e0/0x2fc Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390768] [<ffffffff812fbf55>] ? page_fault+0x25/0x30 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390777] [<ffffffff81010b42>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390783] Code: Bad RIP value. Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390791] RIP [<00000000024b03f0>] 0x24b03f0 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390799] RSP <ffff88021cc8dec0> Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.390805] CR2: 00000000024b03f0 Mar 2 10:50:08 gaz kernel: [40250.391051] ---[ end trace 1cc1473b539c7f6e ]--- Mar 2 11:42:20 gaz kernel: [43382.242301] php5-cgi[10963]: segfault at d81160 ip 0000000000d81160 sp 00007fff3adcb058 error 15 Mar 2 21:51:14 gaz kernel: [79916.418302] php5-cgi[20089]: segfault at 1c59dc8 ip 0000000001c59dc8 sp 00007fff9b877fb8 error 15 Mar 3 03:45:01 gaz kernel: [101143.334305] munin-update[22519] general protection ip:7f516dce204c sp:7fff6049a978 error:0 in libperl.so.5.10.1[7f516dc7d000+164000] Mar 3 11:22:37 gaz kernel: [128599.570307] php5-cgi[22888]: segfault at 36485a8 ip 00000000036485a8 sp 00007fff2d56e1c8 error 15 Mar 4 08:32:17 gaz kernel: [204779.842304] php5-cgi[22090]: segfault at 18 ip 0000000000689e5e sp 00007fff677a6a48 error 6 in php5-cgi[400000+6f9000] Mar 4 10:01:02 gaz kernel: [210104.434706] rsync[22236] general protection ip:7f14a07137f9 sp:7fff88f940b8 error:0 in libc-2.11.2.so[7f14a069d000+158000] Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262316] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 00000000ffffff9c Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262331] IP: [<00000000ffffff9c>] 0xffffff9c Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262343] PGD 0 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262350] Oops: 0010 [#2] SMP Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262359] last sysfs file: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:12.0/host4/target4:0:0/4:0:0:0/block/sdb/stat Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262371] CPU 1 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262378] Modules linked in: cpufreq_userspace cpufreq_stats cpufreq_powersave cpufreq_conservative xt_recent xt_tcpudp iptable_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_ipv4 ip6table_filter ip6_tables xt_DSCP xt_TCPMSS ipt_LOG ipt_REJECT iptable_mangle iptable_filter xt_multiport xt_state xt_limit xt_conntrack nf_conntrack_ftp nf_conntrack ip_tables x_tables loop snd_hda_codec_atihdmi snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hwdep snd_pcm radeon snd_timer ttm snd drm_kms_helper soundcore drm snd_page_alloc i2c_algo_bit shpchp i2c_piix4 edac_core pcspkr k8temp evdev edac_mce_amd pci_hotplug i2c_core button ext3 jbd mbcache dm_mod powernow_k8 aacraid 3w_9xxx 3w_xxxx raid10 raid456 async_raid6_recov async_pq raid6_pq async_xor xor async_memcpy async_tx raid1 raid0 md_mod sata_nv sata_sil sata_via sd_mod crc_t10dif ata_generic ahci pata_atiixp ohci_hcd libata r8169 mii thermal ehci_hcd processor thermal_sys scsi_mod usbcore nls_base [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262552] Pid: 1960, comm: proxymap Tainted: G D 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 MS-7368 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262563] RIP: 0010:[<00000000ffffff9c>] [<00000000ffffff9c>] 0xffffff9c Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262573] RSP: 0018:ffff880209257e00 EFLAGS: 00010212 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262580] RAX: ffff8801514eb780 RBX: ffffffff810efb2d RCX: 0000000000000000 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262590] RDX: 0000000000000020 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffff8801514eb780 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262600] RBP: 00000000ffffffe9 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262611] R10: ffff880209257e78 R11: ffffffff81152c7c R12: 0000000000000001 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262622] R13: 0000000000008001 R14: 0000000000000024 R15: 00000000ffffff9c Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262633] FS: 00007fca4de35700(0000) GS:ffff880008d00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262644] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262650] CR2: 00000000ffffff9c CR3: 00000001c9cbb000 CR4: 00000000000006e0 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262661] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262671] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262682] Process proxymap (pid: 1960, threadinfo ffff880209256000, task ffff88021c4b1c40) Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262693] Stack: Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262698] ffffffff810f8566 ffff880209257e78 ffff88021c7bf000 ffff88021c7bf0c8 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262709] <0> 0000800000000000 ffff88021fc0f000 ffff880209257e78 00000000fffffffe Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262724] <0> ffffffff810e5881 ffff880209257f48 0000000000000286 ffff88021fc0f000 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262743] Call Trace: Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262753] [<ffffffff810f8566>] ? do_filp_open+0xa7/0x94b Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262763] [<ffffffff810e5881>] ? virt_to_head_page+0x9/0x2a Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262771] [<ffffffff810f9904>] ? user_path_at+0x52/0x79 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262779] [<ffffffff810cfec1>] ? get_unmapped_area+0xd7/0x139 Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262787] [<ffffffff811019d5>] ? alloc_fd+0x67/0x10c Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262795] [<ffffffff810eceaf>] ? do_sys_open+0x55/0xfc Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262804] [<ffffffff81010b42>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262811] Code: Bad RIP value. Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262819] RIP [<00000000ffffff9c>] 0xffffff9c Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262828] RSP <ffff880209257e00> Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.262833] CR2: 00000000ffffff9c Mar 4 11:32:22 gaz kernel: [215584.263077] ---[ end trace 1cc1473b539c7f6f ]--- As you can see there are segfaults, a general protection fault and a Kernel Oops. My first guess was that there's a Hardware problem of some sort and I asked my Hoster (it's a rented root server) to do a full hardwarecheck - they did, but couldn't find any problem. I don't know what and how they checked but their support team is usually quite good. I ran memtester and cpuburn myself and couldn't find any error either. Unfortunately I have no reliable way to reproduce these segfaults, they seem to be more or less random. On a hunch I disabled the firewall of the system and ran one of the programs that segfaulted regularily (imapsync) and it seemed to take longer to segfault than before, so the problem might be related to the network stack. Or could just be a random thing. Here are the kernel specs: # uname -a Linux gaz 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Wed Jan 12 03:40:32 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux # cat /etc/debian_version 6.0 # lsmod Module Size Used by cpufreq_userspace 1992 0 cpufreq_stats 2659 0 cpufreq_powersave 902 0 cpufreq_conservative 5162 0 xt_recent 5977 0 xt_tcpudp 2319 0 iptable_nat 4299 0 nf_nat 13388 1 iptable_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 9833 3 iptable_nat,nf_nat nf_defrag_ipv4 1139 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4 ip6table_filter 2384 0 ip6_tables 15075 1 ip6table_filter xt_DSCP 1995 0 xt_TCPMSS 2919 0 ipt_LOG 4518 0 ipt_REJECT 1953 0 iptable_mangle 2817 0 iptable_filter 2258 0 xt_multiport 2267 0 xt_state 1303 0 xt_limit 1782 0 xt_conntrack 2407 0 nf_conntrack_ftp 5537 0 nf_conntrack 46535 6 iptable_nat,nf_nat,nf_conntrack_ipv4,xt_state,xt_conntrack,nf_conntrack_ftp ip_tables 13899 3 iptable_nat,iptable_mangle,iptable_filter x_tables 12845 13 xt_recent,xt_tcpudp,iptable_nat,ip6_tables,xt_DSCP,xt_TCPMSS,ipt_LOG,ipt_REJECT,xt_multiport,xt_state,xt_limit,xt_conntrack,ip_tables loop 11799 0 radeon 573996 0 ttm 39986 1 radeon drm_kms_helper 20065 1 radeon snd_hda_codec_atihdmi 2251 1 drm 142359 3 radeon,ttm,drm_kms_helper snd_hda_intel 20019 0 i2c_algo_bit 4225 1 radeon pcspkr 1699 0 i2c_piix4 8328 0 snd_hda_codec 54244 2 snd_hda_codec_atihdmi,snd_hda_intel i2c_core 15712 5 radeon,drm_kms_helper,drm,i2c_algo_bit,i2c_piix4 snd_hwdep 5380 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 60503 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_timer 15582 1 snd_pcm snd 46446 5 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_timer soundcore 4598 1 snd evdev 7352 3 snd_page_alloc 6249 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm k8temp 3283 0 edac_core 29261 0 edac_mce_amd 6433 0 shpchp 26264 0 pci_hotplug 21203 1 shpchp button 4650 0 ext3 106518 2 jbd 37085 1 ext3 mbcache 5050 1 ext3 dm_mod 53754 0 powernow_k8 10978 1 aacraid 59779 0 3w_9xxx 28684 0 3w_xxxx 20569 0 raid10 17809 0 raid456 44500 0 async_raid6_recov 5170 1 raid456 async_pq 3479 2 raid456,async_raid6_recov raid6_pq 77179 2 async_raid6_recov,async_pq async_xor 2478 3 raid456,async_raid6_recov,async_pq xor 4380 1 async_xor async_memcpy 1198 2 raid456,async_raid6_recov async_tx 1734 5 raid456,async_raid6_recov,async_pq,async_xor,async_memcpy raid1 18431 3 raid0 5517 0 md_mod 73824 7 raid10,raid456,raid1,raid0 sata_nv 19166 0 sata_sil 7412 0 sata_via 7928 0 sd_mod 29889 8 crc_t10dif 1276 1 sd_mod ata_generic 3047 0 ahci 32374 6 r8169 29229 0 mii 3210 1 r8169 thermal 11674 0 pata_atiixp 3489 0 libata 133632 6 sata_nv,sata_sil,sata_via,ata_generic,ahci,pata_atiixp ohci_hcd 19212 0 ehci_hcd 31151 0 processor 29935 1 powernow_k8 thermal_sys 11942 2 thermal,processor scsi_mod 122149 5 aacraid,3w_9xxx,3w_xxxx,sd_mod,libata usbcore 122034 3 ohci_hcd,ehci_hcd nls_base 6377 1 usbcore # free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 8166128 1228036 6938092 0 140412 782060 -/+ buffers/cache: 305564 7860564 Swap: 2102456 0 2102456 So, basically my questions are: How can I diagnose this further? Is there any data in the log above that could help me to isolate the troublemaker? Are there any known problems with the above hardware/software I overlooked when googling for it? Is there a way to prevent the kernel from autoloading modules (I probably don't need all these modules and one of them might be the culprit)

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