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  • Using JS script for "raining images". Can't seem to hide pre-loaded image

    - by user1813605
    I am trying to hide an image in a script pre-loading on the page. Below script makes images "rain" down the screen onClick. It functions well, but it displays the pre-loaded image itself on the page before the button is clicked. I'm trying to hide the image until the button is pressed. If anyone has any insight on how to hide the image until the function dispenseMittens() runs, I'd be eternally grateful :) Thanks! <script language="javascript"> var pictureSrc = 'mitten.gif'; //the location of the mittens var pictureWidth = 40; //the width of the mittens var pictureHeight = 46; //the height of the mittens var numFlakes = 10; //the number of mittens var downSpeed = 0.01; var lrFlakes = 10; var EmergencyMittens = false; //safety checks. Browsers will hang if this is wrong. If other values are wrong there will just be errors if( typeof( numFlakes ) != 'number' || Math.round( numFlakes ) != numFlakes || numFlakes < 1 ) { numFlakes = 10; } //draw the snowflakes for( var x = 0; x < numFlakes; x++ ) { if( document.layers ) { //releave NS4 bug document.write('<layer id="snFlkDiv'+x+'"><img src="'+pictureSrc+'" height="'+pictureHeight+'" width="'+pictureWidth+'" alt="*" border="0"></layer>'); } else { document.write('<div style="position:absolute;" id="snFlkDiv'+x+'"><img src="'+pictureSrc+'" height="'+pictureHeight+'" width="'+pictureWidth+'" alt="*" border="0"></div>'); } } //calculate initial positions (in portions of browser window size) var xcoords = new Array(), ycoords = new Array(), snFlkTemp; for( var x = 0; x < numFlakes; x++ ) { xcoords[x] = ( x + 1 ) / ( numFlakes + 1 ); do { snFlkTemp = Math.round( ( numFlakes - 1 ) * Math.random() ); } while( typeof( ycoords[snFlkTemp] ) == 'number' ); ycoords[snFlkTemp] = x / numFlakes; } //now animate function mittensFall() { if( !getRefToDivNest('snFlkDiv0') ) { return; } var scrWidth = 0, scrHeight = 0, scrollHeight = 0, scrollWidth = 0; //find screen settings for all variations. doing this every time allows for resizing and scrolling if( typeof( window.innerWidth ) == 'number' ) { scrWidth = window.innerWidth; scrHeight = window.innerHeight; } else { if( document.documentElement && ( document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.documentElement.clientHeight ) ) { scrWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth; scrHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight; } else { if( document.body && ( document.body.clientWidth || document.body.clientHeight ) ) { scrWidth = document.body.clientWidth; scrHeight = document.body.clientHeight; } } } if( typeof( window.pageYOffset ) == 'number' ) { scrollHeight = pageYOffset; scrollWidth = pageXOffset; } else { if( document.body && ( document.body.scrollLeft || document.body.scrollTop ) ) { scrollHeight = document.body.scrollTop; scrollWidth = document.body.scrollLeft; } else { if( document.documentElement && ( document.documentElement.scrollLeft || document.documentElement.scrollTop ) ) { scrollHeight = document.documentElement.scrollTop; scrollWidth = document.documentElement.scrollLeft; } } } //move the snowflakes to their new position for( var x = 0; x < numFlakes; x++ ) { if( ycoords[x] * scrHeight > scrHeight - pictureHeight ) { ycoords[x] = 0; } var divRef = getRefToDivNest('snFlkDiv'+x); if( !divRef ) { return; } if( divRef.style ) { divRef = divRef.style; } var oPix = document.childNodes ? 'px' : 0; divRef.top = ( Math.round( ycoords[x] * scrHeight ) + scrollHeight ) + oPix; divRef.left = ( Math.round( ( ( xcoords[x] * scrWidth ) - ( pictureWidth / 2 ) ) + ( ( scrWidth / ( ( numFlakes + 1 ) * 4 ) ) * ( Math.sin( lrFlakes * ycoords[x] ) - Math.sin( 3 * lrFlakes * ycoords[x] ) ) ) ) + scrollWidth ) + oPix; ycoords[x] += downSpeed; } } //DHTML handlers function getRefToDivNest(divName) { if( document.layers ) { return document.layers[divName]; } //NS4 if( document[divName] ) { return document[divName]; } //NS4 also if( document.getElementById ) { return document.getElementById(divName); } //DOM (IE5+, NS6+, Mozilla0.9+, Opera) if( document.all ) { return document.all[divName]; } //Proprietary DOM - IE4 return false; } function dispenseMittens() { if (EmergencyMittens) { window.clearInterval(EmergencyMittens); } else { EmergencyMittens = window.setInterval('mittensFall();',100); } } </script>

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  • Parsing csv line to Java objects

    - by Noobling
    I was wondering if someone here could help me, I can't find a solution for my problem and I have tried everything. What I am trying to do is read and parse lines in a csv file into java objects and I have succeeded in doing that but after it reads all the lines it should insert the lines into the database but it only inserts the 1st line the entire time and I don't no why. When I do a print it shows that it is reading all the lines and placing them in the objects but as soon as I do the insert it wants to insert only the 1st line. Please see my code below: public boolean lineReader(File file){ BufferedReader br = null; String line= ""; String splitBy = ","; storeList = new ArrayList<StoreFile>(); try { br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); while((line = br.readLine())!=null){ line = line.replace('|', ','); //split on pipe ( | ) String[] array = line.split(splitBy, 14); //Add values from csv to store object //Add values from csv to storeF objects StoreFile StoreF = new StoreFile(); if (array[0].equals("H") || array[0].equals("T")) { return false; } else { StoreF.setRetailID(array[1].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setChain(array[2].replaceAll("/","")); StoreF.setStoreID(array[3].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setStoreName(array[4].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setAddress1(array[5].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setAddress2(array[6].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setAddress3(array[7].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setProvince(array[8].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setAddress4(array[9].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setCountry(array[10].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setCurrency(array[11].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setAddress5(array[12].replaceAll("/", "")); StoreF.setTelNo(array[13].replaceAll("/", "")); //Add stores to list storeList.add(StoreF); } } //print list stores in file printStoreList(storeList); executeStoredPro(storeList); } catch (Exception ex) { nmtbatchservice.NMTBatchService2.LOG.error("An exception accoured: " + ex.getMessage(), ex); //copy to error folder //email } return false; } public void printStoreList(List<StoreFile> storeListToPrint) { for(int i = 0; i <storeListToPrint.size();i++){ System.out.println( storeListToPrint.get(i).getRetailID() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getChain() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getStoreID() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getStoreName() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getAddress1() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getAddress2() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getAddress3() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getProvince() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getAddress4() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getCountry() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getCurrency() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getAddress5() + storeListToPrint.get(i).getTelNo()); } } public void unzip(String source, String destination) { try { ZipFile zipFile = new ZipFile(source); zipFile.extractAll(destination); deleteStoreFile(source); } catch (ZipException ex) { nmtbatchservice.NMTBatchService2.LOG.error("Error unzipping file : " + ex.getMessage(), ex); } } public void deleteStoreFile(String directory) { try { File file = new File(directory); file.delete(); } catch (Exception ex) { nmtbatchservice.NMTBatchService2.LOG.error("An exception accoured when trying to delete file " + directory + " : " + ex.getMessage(), ex); } } public void executeStoredPro(List<StoreFile> storeListToInsert) { Connection con = null; CallableStatement st = null; try { String connectionURL = MSSQLConnectionURL; Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver").newInstance(); con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL, MSSQLUsername, MSSQLPassword); for(int i = 0; i <storeListToInsert.size();i++){ st = con.prepareCall( "IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM tblPay@RetailStores WHERE StoreID = " + storeListToInsert.get(i).getStoreID() + " AND RetailID = "+ storeListToInsert.get(i).getRetailID() + ")" + " UPDATE tblPay@RetailStores " + " SET RetailID = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getRetailID() + "'," + " StoreID = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getStoreID() + "'," + " StoreName = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getStoreName() + "'," + " TestStore = 0," + " Address1 = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress1() + "'," + " Address2 = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress2() + "'," + " Address3 = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress3() + "'," + " Address4 = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress4() + "'," + " Address5 = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress5() + "'," + " Province = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getProvince() + "'," + " TelNo = '" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getTelNo() + "'," + " Enabled = 1" + " ELSE " + " INSERT INTO tblPay@RetailStores ( [RetailID], [StoreID], [StoreName], [TestStore], [Address1], [Address2], [Address3], [Address4], [Address5], [Province], [TelNo] , [Enabled] ) " + " VALUES " + "('" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getRetailID() + "'," + "'" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getStoreID() + "'," + "'" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getStoreName() + "'," + "0," + "'" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress1() + "'," + "'" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress2() + "'," + "'" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress3() + "'," + "'" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress4() + "'," + "'" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getAddress5() + "'," + "'" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getProvince() + "'," + "'" + storeListToInsert.get(i).getTelNo() + "'," + "1)"); st.executeUpdate(); } con.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { nmtbatchservice.NMTBatchService2.LOG.error("Error executing Stored proc with error : " + ex.getMessage(), ex); nmtbatchservice.NMTBatchService2.mailingQueue.addToQueue(new Mail("[email protected]", "Service Email Error", "An error occurred during Store Import failed with error : " + ex.getMessage())); } } Any advise would be appreciated. Thanks

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  • Simple 'database' in c++

    - by DevAno1
    Hello. My task was to create pseudodatabase in c++. There are 3 tables given, that store name(char*), age(int), and sex (bool). Write a program allowing to : - add new data to the tables - show all records - sort tables with criteria : - name increasing/decreasing - age increasing/decreasing - sex Using function templates is a must. Also size of arrays must be variable, depending on the amount of records. I have some code but there are still problems there. Here's what I have: Function tabSize() for returning size of array. But currently it returns size of pointer I guess : #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<typename TYPE> int tabSize(TYPE *T) { int size = 0; size = sizeof(T) / sizeof(T[0]); return size; } How to make it return size of array, not its pointer ? Next the most important : add() for adding new elements. Inside first I get the size of array (but hence it returns value of pointer, and not size it's of no use now :/). Then I think I must check if TYPE of data is char. Or am I wrong ? // add(newElement, table) template<typename TYPE> TYPE add(TYPE L, TYPE *T) { int s = tabSize(T); //here check if TYPE = char. If yes, get the length of the new name int len = 0; while (L[len] != '\0') { len++; } //current length of table int tabLen = 0; while (T[tabLen] != '\0') { tabLen++; } //if TYPE is char //if current length of table + length of new element exceeds table size create new table if(len + tabLen > s) { int newLen = len + tabLen; TYPE newTab = new [newLen]; for(int j=0; j < newLen; j++ ){ if(j == tabLen -1){ for(int k = 0; k < len; k++){ newTab[k] = } } else { newTab[j] = T[j]; } } } //else check if tabLen + 1 is greater than s. If yes enlarge table by 1. } Am I thinking correct here ? Last functions show() is correct I guess : template<typename TYPE> TYPE show(TYPE *L) { int len = 0; while (L[len] == '\0') { len++; } for(int i=0; i<len; i++) { cout << L[i] << endl; } } and problem with sort() is as follows : Ho can I influence if sorting is decreasing or increasing ? I'm using bubble sort here. template<typename TYPE> TYPE sort(TYPE *L, int sort) { int s = tabSize(L); int len = 0; while (L[len] == '\0') { len++; } //add control increasing/decreasing sort int i,j; for(i=0;i<len;i++) { for(j=0;j<i;j++) { if(L[i]>L[j]) { int temp=L[i]; L[i]=L[j]; L[j]=temp; } } } } And main function to run it : int main() { int sort=0; //0 increasing, 1 decreasing char * name[100]; int age[10]; bool sex[10]; char c[] = "Tom"; name[0] = "John"; name[1] = "Mike"; cout << add(c, name) << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }

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  • Developed android application cannot connect to phpmyadmin

    - by user1850936
    I am developing an app with eclipse. I tried to store the data that key in by user into database in phpmyadmin. Unfortunately, after the user has clicked on submit button, there is no response and data is not stored in my database. Here is my java file: import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.json.JSONObject; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.AlertDialog; import android.content.DialogInterface; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.RadioButton; import android.content.res.Configuration; public class UserRegister extends Activity { JSONParser jsonParser = new JSONParser(); EditText inputName; EditText inputUsername; EditText inputEmail; EditText inputPassword; RadioButton button1; RadioButton button2; Button button3; int success = 0; private static String url_register_user = "http://10.20.92.81/database/add_user.php"; private static final String TAG_SUCCESS = "success"; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_user_register); inputName = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.nameTextBox); inputUsername = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.usernameTextBox); inputEmail = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.emailTextBox); inputPassword = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.pwTextBox); Button button3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.regSubmitButton); button3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View view) { String name = inputName.getText().toString(); String username = inputUsername.getText().toString(); String email = inputEmail.getText().toString(); String password = inputPassword.getText().toString(); if (name.contentEquals("")||username.contentEquals("")||email.contentEquals("")||password.contentEquals("")) { AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(UserRegister.this); builder.setMessage(R.string.nullAlert) .setTitle(R.string.alertTitle); builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) { } }); AlertDialog dialog = builder.show(); } // creating new product in background thread RegisterNewUser(); } }); } public void RegisterNewUser() { try { String name = inputName.getText().toString(); String username = inputUsername.getText().toString(); String email = inputEmail.getText().toString(); String password = inputPassword.getText().toString(); // Building Parameters List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", name)); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", username)); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("email", email)); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", password)); // getting JSON Object // Note that create product url accepts POST method JSONObject json = jsonParser.makeHttpRequest(url_register_user, "GET", params); // check log cat for response Log.d("Send Notification", json.toString()); success = json.getInt(TAG_SUCCESS); if (success == 1) { // successfully created product Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), StudentLogin.class); startActivity(i); finish(); } else { // failed to register } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) { super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); } } my php file: <?php $response = array(); require_once __DIR__ . '/db_connect.php'; $db = new DB_CONNECT(); if (isset($_GET['name']) && isset($_GET['username']) && isset($_GET['email']) && isset($_GET['password'])) { $name = $_GET['name']; $username = $_GET['username']; $email = $_GET['email']; $password = $_GET['password']; // mysql inserting a new row $result = mysql_query("INSERT INTO register(name, username, email, password) VALUES('$name', '$username', '$email', '$password')"); // check if row inserted or not if ($result) { // successfully inserted into database $response["success"] = 1; $response["message"] = "You are successfully registered to MEMS."; // echoing JSON response echo json_encode($response); } else { // failed to insert row $response["success"] = 0; $response["message"] = "Oops! An error occurred."; // echoing JSON response echo json_encode($response); } } else { // required field is missing $response["success"] = 0; $response["message"] = "Required field(s) is missing"; // echoing JSON response echo json_encode($response); } ?> the log cat is as follows: 11-25 10:37:46.772: I/Choreographer(638): Skipped 30 frames! The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.

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  • How to get the age from a birthdate using PHP & MySQL?

    - by TaG
    I ask my users for their birthdate and store it in my database in the following way $month $day $year output May 6 1901 but I was wondering how can I get the age from the stored birthdate using PHP & MySQL? Here is the PHP code. if (isset($_POST['submitted'])) { $mysqli = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "sitename"); $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"SELECT users.* FROM users WHERE user_id=3"); $month_options = array("Month", "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"); $day_options = array("Day", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31"); $month = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, htmlentities(strip_tags($_POST['month']))); $day = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, htmlentities(strip_tags($_POST['day']))); $year = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, htmlentities(strip_tags($_POST['year']))); if (mysqli_num_rows($dbc) == 0) { $mysqli = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "sitename"); $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"INSERT INTO users (user_id, month, day, year) VALUES ('$user_id', '$month', '$day', '$year')"); } if ($dbc == TRUE) { $dbc = mysqli_query($mysqli,"UPDATE users SET month = '$month', day = '$day', year = '$year' WHERE user_id = '$user_id'"); echo '<p class="changes-saved">Your changes have been saved!</p>'; } if (!$dbc) { print mysqli_error($mysqli); return; } } Here is the html. <form method="post" action="index.php"> <fieldset> <ul> <li><label>Date of Birth: </label> <label for="month" class="hide">Month: </label> <?php // month options echo '<select name="month" id="month">' . "\n"; foreach($month_options as $option) { if ($option == $month) { echo '<option value="' . stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($option))) . '" selected="selected">' . stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($option))) . '</option>' . "\n"; } else { echo '<option value="'. stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($option))) . '">' . stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($option))) . '</option>'."\n"; } } echo '</select>'; ?> <label for="day" class="hide">Day: </label> <?php // day options echo '<select id="day" name="day">' . "\n"; foreach($day_options as $option) { if ($option == $day) { echo '<option value="' . stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($option))) . '" selected="selected">' . stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($option))) . '</option>' . "\n"; } else { echo '<option value="'. stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($option))) . '">' . stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($option))) . '</option>'."\n"; } } echo '</select>'; ?> <label for="year" class="hide">Year: </label><input type="text" name="year" id="year" size="4" maxlength="4" value="<?php if (isset($_POST['year'])) { echo stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($_POST['year']))); } else if(!empty($year)) { echo stripslashes(htmlentities(strip_tags($year))); } ?>" /></li> <li><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Save Changes" class="save-button" /> <input type="hidden" name="submitted" value="true" /> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Preview Changes" class="preview-changes-button" /></li> </ul> </fieldset> </form>

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  • Adapting non-iterable containers to be iterated via custom templatized iterator

    - by DAldridge
    I have some classes, which for various reasons out of scope of this discussion, I cannot modify (irrelevant implementation details omitted): class Foo { /* ... irrelevant public interface ... */ }; class Bar { public: Foo& get_foo(size_t index) { /* whatever */ } size_t size_foo() { /* whatever */ } }; (There are many similar 'Foo' and 'Bar' classes I'm dealing with, and it's all generated code from elsewhere and stuff I don't want to subclass, etc.) [Edit: clarification - although there are many similar 'Foo' and 'Bar' classes, it is guaranteed that each "outer" class will have the getter and size methods. Only the getter method name and return type will differ for each "outer", based on whatever it's "inner" contained type is. So, if I have Baz which contains Quux instances, there will be Quux& Baz::get_quux(size_t index), and size_t Baz::size_quux().] Given the design of the Bar class, you cannot easily use it in STL algorithms (e.g. for_each, find_if, etc.), and must do imperative loops rather than taking a functional approach (reasons why I prefer the latter is also out of scope for this discussion): Bar b; size_t numFoo = b.size_foo(); for (int fooIdx = 0; fooIdx < numFoo; ++fooIdx) { Foo& f = b.get_foo(fooIdx); /* ... do stuff with 'f' ... */ } So... I've never created a custom iterator, and after reading various questions/answers on S.O. about iterator_traits and the like, I came up with this (currently half-baked) "solution": First, the custom iterator mechanism (NOTE: all uses of 'function' and 'bind' are from std::tr1 in MSVC9): // Iterator mechanism... template <typename TOuter, typename TInner> class ContainerIterator : public std::iterator<std::input_iterator_tag, TInner> { public: typedef function<TInner& (size_t)> func_type; ContainerIterator(const ContainerIterator& other) : mFunc(other.mFunc), mIndex(other.mIndex) {} ContainerIterator& operator++() { ++mIndex; return *this; } bool operator==(const ContainerIterator& other) { return ((mFunc.target<TOuter>() == other.mFunc.target<TOuter>()) && (mIndex == other.mIndex)); } bool operator!=(const ContainerIterator& other) { return !(*this == other); } TInner& operator*() { return mFunc(mIndex); } private: template<typename TOuter, typename TInner> friend class ContainerProxy; ContainerIterator(func_type func, size_t index = 0) : mFunc(func), mIndex(index) {} function<TInner& (size_t)> mFunc; size_t mIndex; }; Next, the mechanism by which I get valid iterators representing begin and end of the inner container: // Proxy(?) to the outer class instance, providing a way to get begin() and end() // iterators to the inner contained instances... template <typename TOuter, typename TInner> class ContainerProxy { public: typedef function<TInner& (size_t)> access_func_type; typedef function<size_t ()> size_func_type; typedef ContainerIterator<TOuter, TInner> iter_type; ContainerProxy(access_func_type accessFunc, size_func_type sizeFunc) : mAccessFunc(accessFunc), mSizeFunc(sizeFunc) {} iter_type begin() const { size_t numItems = mSizeFunc(); if (0 == numItems) return end(); else return ContainerIterator<TOuter, TInner>(mAccessFunc, 0); } iter_type end() const { size_t numItems = mSizeFunc(); return ContainerIterator<TOuter, TInner>(mAccessFunc, numItems); } private: access_func_type mAccessFunc; size_func_type mSizeFunc; }; I can use these classes in the following manner: // Sample function object for taking action on an LMX inner class instance yielded // by iteration... template <typename TInner> class SomeTInnerFunctor { public: void operator()(const TInner& inner) { /* ... whatever ... */ } }; // Example of iterating over an outer class instance's inner container... Bar b; /* assume populated which contained items ... */ ContainerProxy<Bar, Foo> bProxy( bind(&Bar::get_foo, b, _1), bind(&Bar::size_foo, b)); for_each(bProxy.begin(), bProxy.end(), SomeTInnerFunctor<Foo>()); Empirically, this solution functions correctly (minus any copy/paste or typos I may have introduced when editing the above for brevity). So, finally, the actual question: I don't like requiring the use of bind() and _1 placeholders, etcetera by the caller. All they really care about is: outer type, inner type, outer type's method to fetch inner instances, outer type's method to fetch count inner instances. Is there any way to "hide" the bind in the body of the template classes somehow? I've been unable to find a way to separately supply template parameters for the types and inner methods separately... Thanks! David

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  • MEF + Plug-In not updating

    - by mybrokengnome
    I asked this on the MEF Codeplex forum already, but I haven't gotten a response yet, so I figured I'd try StackOverflow. Here's the original post if anyone's interested (this is just a copy from it): MEF Codeplex "Let me first say that I'm completely new to MEF (just discovered it today) and am very happy with it so far. However, I've ran in to a problem that is very frustrating. I'm creating an app that will have a plugin architecture and the plugins will only be stored in a single DLL file (or coded into the main app). The DLL file needs to be able to be recompiled during run-time and the app should recognize this and re-load the plugins (I know this is difficult, but it's a requirement). To accomplish this I took the approach covered http://blog.maartenballiauw.be/category/MEF.aspx there (look for WebServerDirectoryCatalog). Basically the idea is to "monitor the plugins folder, copy the new/modified assemblies to the web application’s /bin folder and instruct MEF to load its exports from there." This is my code, which is probably not the correct way to do it but it's what I found in some samples around the net: main()... string myExecName = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location; string myPath = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(myExecName); catalog = new AggregateCatalog(); pluginCatalog = new MyDirectoryCatalog(myPath + @"/Plugins"); catalog.Catalogs.Add(pluginCatalog); exportContainer = new CompositionContainer(catalog); CompositionBatch compBatch = new CompositionBatch(); compBatch.AddPart(this); compBatch.AddPart(catalog); exportContainer.Compose(compBatch); and private FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher; public DirectoryCatalog directoryCatalog; private string path; private string extension; public MyDirectoryCatalog(string path) { Initialize(path, "*.dll", "*.dll"); } private void Initialize(string path, string extension, string modulePattern) { this.path = path; this.extension = extension; fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher(path, modulePattern); fileSystemWatcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(fileSystemWatcher_Changed); fileSystemWatcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(fileSystemWatcher_Created); fileSystemWatcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(fileSystemWatcher_Deleted); fileSystemWatcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(fileSystemWatcher_Renamed); fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = false; fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true; Refresh(); } void fileSystemWatcher_Renamed(object sender, RenamedEventArgs e) { RemoveFromBin(e.OldName); Refresh(); } void fileSystemWatcher_Deleted(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e) { RemoveFromBin(e.Name); Refresh(); } void fileSystemWatcher_Created(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e) { Refresh(); } void fileSystemWatcher_Changed(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e) { Refresh(); } private void Refresh() { // Determine /bin path string binPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Plugins"); string newPath = ""; // Copy files to /bin foreach (string file in Directory.GetFiles(path, extension, SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly)) { try { DirectoryInfo dInfo = new DirectoryInfo(binPath); DirectoryInfo[] dirs = dInfo.GetDirectories(); int count = dirs.Count() + 1; newPath = binPath + "/" + count; DirectoryInfo dInfo2 = new DirectoryInfo(newPath); if (!dInfo2.Exists) dInfo2.Create(); File.Copy(file, System.IO.Path.Combine(newPath, System.IO.Path.GetFileName(file)), true); } catch { // Not that big deal... Blog readers will probably kill me for this bit of code :-) } } // Create new directory catalog directoryCatalog = new DirectoryCatalog(newPath, extension); directoryCatalog.Refresh(); } public override IQueryable<ComposablePartDefinition> Parts { get { return directoryCatalog.Parts; } } private void RemoveFromBin(string name) { string binPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, ""); File.Delete(Path.Combine(binPath, name)); } So all this actually works, and after the end of the code in main my IEnumerable variable is actually filled with all the plugins in the DLL (which if you follow the code is located in Plugins/1 so that I can modify the dll in the plugins folder). So now at this point I should be able to re-compile the plugins DLL, drop it in to the Plugins folder, my FileWatcher detect that it's changed, and then copy it into folder "2" and directoryCatalog should point to the new folder. All this actually works! The problem is, even though it seems like every thing is pointed to the right place, my IEnumerable variable is never updated with the new plugins. So close, but yet so far! Any suggestions? I know the downsides of doing it this way, that no dll is actually getting unloaded and causing a memory leak, but it's a Windows App and will probably be started at least once a day, and the plugins are un-likely to change that often, but it's still a requirement from the client that it does this without re-loading the app. Thanks! Thanks for any help you all can provide, it's driving me crazy not being able to figure this out."

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  • How to retrieve ID of button clicked within usercontrol on Asp.net page?

    - by Shawn Gilligan
    I have a page that I am working on that I'm linking multiple user controls to. The user control contains 3 buttons, an attach, clear and view button. When a user clicks on any control on the page, the resulting information is "dumped" into the last visible control on the page. <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="Default" MasterPageFile="DefaultPage.master" %> <%@ Register Assembly="AjaxControlToolkit" Namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" TagPrefix="ajaxToolkit" %> <%@ Register tagName="FileHandler" src="FileHandling.ascx" tagPrefix="ucFile" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="Main" Runat="Server"> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="upPanel" UpdateMode="Conditional" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <table> <tr> <td> <ucFile:FileHandler ID="fFile1" runat="server" /> </td> <td> <ucFile:FileHandler ID="fFile2" runat="server" /> </td> </tr> </table> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> </asp:Content> All file handling and processing is handled within the control, with an event when the upload to the file server is complete via a file name that was generated. When either button is clicked, the file name is always stored internal to the control in the last control's text box. Control code: <table style="width: 50%;"> <tr style="white-space: nowrap;"> <td style="width: 1%;"> <asp:Label runat="server" ID="lblFile" /> </td> <td style="width: 20%;"> <asp:TextBox ID="txtFile" CssClass="backColor" runat="server" OnTextChanged="FileInformationChanged" /> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> <%--<asp:Button runat="server" ID="btnUpload" CssClass="btn" Text="Attach" OnClick="UploadFile"/>--%> <input type="button" id="btnUpload" class="btn" tabindex="30" value="Attach" onclick="SetupUpload();" /> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> <%--<asp:Button runat="server" ID="btnClear" Text="Clear" CssClass="btn" OnClick="ClearTextValue"/>--%> <input type="button" id="btnClearFile" class="btn" value="Clear" onclick="document.getElementById('<%=txtFile.ClientID%>').value = '';document.getElementById('<%=hfFile.ClientID%>').value = '';" /> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> <a href="#here" onclick="ViewLink(document.getElementById('<%=hfFile.ClientID%>').value, '')">View</a> </td> <td style="width: 1%"> <asp:HiddenField ID="hfFile" runat="server" /> </td> </tr> </table> <script type="text/javascript"> var ItemPath = ""; function SetupUpload(File) { ItemPath = File; VersionAttach('<%=UploadPath%>', 'true'); } function UploadComplete(File) { document.getElementById('<%=txtFile.ClientID%>').value = File.substring(File.lastIndexOf("/") + 1); document.getElementById('<%=hfFile.ClientID%>').value = File; alert('<%=txtFile.Text %>'); alert('<%=ClientID %>') } function ViewLink(File, Alert) { if (File != "") { if (File.indexOf("../data/") != -1) { window.open(File, '_blank'); } else { window.open('../data/<%=UploadPath%>/' + File, '_blank'); } } else if (Alert == "") { alert('No file has been uploaded for this field.'); } } </script>

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  • Redrawing content of UIWebView

    - by btate
    I have a bunch of webviews with static html content that I'm putting in a scroll view as pages. That works fine, but having 20 something full screen subviews of the scroll view is causing some lag. I solved that by only placing 5 at a time in there. The current view, and the two next and two previous. The problem now is that any web view that is not a subview of the scroll view is not drawing correctly based on the device orientation. The frame of the webview is printing out correct, but the actual content is drawing in portrait mode. So there is essentially a strip of blank space to the right of the content. How do I go about re rendering the content without reloading the page? Here's the relevant code: - (void)didRotateFromInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation) fromInterfaceOrientation{ [self resizeSubViews]; } - (void) setupWebViews{ if(_webViews == nil) _webViews = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; // This is where the navigation would come into play as far as loading up available web views [_webViews removeAllObjects]; // for loop here to create web views for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { //CDCWebViewController *webView = [[[MyInternalWebView alloc] initWithFrame:_webViewWrapper.frame] retain]; MyInternalWebView *page = [[[MyInternalWebView alloc] init] retain]; [page loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:_url]]; [page setCdcIWVdelegate:self]; [page setTestIndex:i]; [page setPageIndex:i]; [_webViews addObject:page]; [self loadScrollViewWithPage:i]; } [self clearUnusedWebViews:_pageControl.currentPage]; } - (void) setupWebViewWrapper{ // a page is the width of the scroll view _webViewWrapper.pagingEnabled = YES; _pageControl = [[[UIPageControl alloc] init] retain]; _webViewWrapper.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = NO; _webViewWrapper.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = NO; _webViewWrapper.scrollsToTop = NO; _webViewWrapper.delegate = self; _pageControl.numberOfPages = [_webViews count]; _pageControl.currentPage = 0; } - (void) resizeSubViews{ // The frame is set in IB _webViewWrapper.contentSize = CGSizeMake(_webViewWrapper.frame.size.width * [_webViews count], _webViewWrapper.frame.size.height); // Move the content offset. _webViewWrapper.contentOffset = CGPointMake(_webViewWrapper.frame.size.width * _pageControl.currentPage, _webViewWrapper.contentOffset.y); for (MyInternalWebView *subview in _webViewWrapper.subviews) { // Reset the frame height and width here? CGRect frame = _webViewWrapper.frame; frame.origin.x = frame.size.width * subview.pageIndex; frame.origin.y = 0; [subview setFrame:frame]; } } //***************************************************** //* //* ScrollView Functions //* //***************************************************** - (void)loadScrollViewWithPage:(int)page { // Make sure we're not out of bounds if (page < 0) return; if (page >= [_webViews count]) return; MyInternalWebView *webView = [_webViews objectAtIndex:page]; // Add the preloaded webview to the scrollview if it's not there already if (nil == [webView superview]) { CGRect frame = _webViewWrapper.frame; //NSLog(@"width = %f", frame.size.width); frame.origin.x = frame.size.width * page; frame.origin.y = 0; //NSLog(@"setting frame for page %d %@", page, NSStringFromCGRect(frame)); [webView setFrame:frame]; [_webViewWrapper addSubview:[_webViews objectAtIndex:page]]; // Now that the new one is loaded, clear what doesn't need to be here [self clearUnusedWebViews:page]; } } - (void) clearUnusedWebViews: (NSInteger) page{ for (int i = 0; i < [_webViews count]; i++) { if ((page - i) <= 2 && i - page <= 2) { continue; } [[_webViews objectAtIndex:i] removeFromSuperview]; } } - (void)scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)sender { // Switch the indicator when more than 50% of the previous/next page is visible CGFloat pageWidth = _webViewWrapper.frame.size.width; NSInteger page = floor((_webViewWrapper.contentOffset.x - pageWidth / 2) / pageWidth) + 1; _pageControl.currentPage = page; // load the visible page and the page on either side of it (to avoid flashes when the user starts scrolling) [self loadScrollViewWithPage:page - 2]; [self loadScrollViewWithPage:page - 1]; [self loadScrollViewWithPage:page]; [self loadScrollViewWithPage:page + 1]; [self loadScrollViewWithPage:page + 2]; }

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  • Rails: Problem with routes and special Action.

    - by Newbie
    Hello! Sorry for this question but I can't find my error! In my Project I have my model called "team". A User can create a "team" or a "contest". The difference between this both is, that contest requires more data than a normal team. So I created the columns in my team table. Well... I also created a new view called create_contest.html.erb : <h1>New team content</h1> <% form_for @team, :url => { :action => 'create_content' } do |f| %> <%= f.error_messages %> <p> <%= f.label :name %><br /> <%= f.text_field :name %> </p> <p> <%= f.label :description %><br /> <%= f.text_area :description %> </p> <p> <%= f.label :url %><br /> <%= f.text_fiels :url %> </p> <p> <%= f.label :contact_name %><br /> <%= f.text_fiels :contact_name %> </p> <p> <%= f.submit 'Create' %> </p> <% end %> In my teams_controller, I created following functions: def new_contest end def create_contest if @can_create @team = Team.new(params[:team]) @team.user_id = current_user.id respond_to do |format| if @team.save format.html { redirect_to(@team, :notice => 'Contest was successfully created.') } format.xml { render :xml => @team, :status => :created, :location => @team } else format.html { render :action => "new" } format.xml { render :xml => @team.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity } end end else redirect_back_or_default('/') end end Now, I want on my teams/new.html.erb a link to "new_contest.html.erb". So I did: <%= link_to 'click here for new contest!', new_contest_team_path %> When I go to the /teams/new.html.erb page, I get following error: undefined local variable or method `new_contest_team_path' for #<ActionView::Base:0x16fc4f7> So I changed in my routes.rb, map.resources :teams to map.resources :teams, :member=>{:new_contest => :get} Now I get following error: new_contest_team_url failed to generate from {:controller=>"teams", :action=>"new_contest"} - you may have ambiguous routes, or you may need to supply additional parameters for this route. content_url has the following required parameters: ["teams", :id, "new_contest"] - are they all satisfied? I don't think adding :member => {...} is the right way doing this. So, can you tell me what to do? I want to have an URL like /teams/new-contest or something. My next question: what to do (after fixing the first problem), to validate presentence of all fields for new_contest.html.erb? In my normal new.html.erb, a user does not need all the data. But in new_contest.html.erb he does. Is there a way to make a validates_presence_of only for one action (in this case new_contest)? UPDATE: Now, I removed my :member part from my routes.rb and wrote: map.new_contest '/teams/contest/new', :controller => 'teams', :action => 'new_contest' Now, clicking on my link, it redirects me to /teams/contest/new - like I wanted - but I get another error called: Called id for nil, which would mistakenly be 4 -- if you really wanted the id of nil, use object_id I think this error is cause of @team at <% form_for @team, :url => { :action => 'create_content_team' } do |f| %> What to do for solving this error?

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  • OpenGL, draw two polygons in the same time (by mouse clicks)

    - by YoungSalafi
    im trying to draw 2 polygons at the same time depending on user input from the opengl screen... so i made 2 arrays which each one of them will carry the vertices of each polygon ... i think my logic is right but the program still prints only polygon and delete the old polygon if you draw a polygon again . and its acting weird too please check the code yourself here it is : P.S dont mind the delete function right now.. i know it missing something. #include <windows.h> #include <gl/gl.h> #include <gl/glut.h> void Draw(); void Set_Transformations(); void Initialize(int argc, char *argv[]); void OnKeyPress(unsigned char key, int x, int y); void DeleteVer(); void MouseClick(int bin, int state , int x , int y); void GetOGLPos(int x, int y,float* arrY,float* arrX); void DrawPolygon(float* arrX,float* arrY); float xPos[20]; float yPos[20]; float xPos2[20]; float yPos2[20]; float fx = 0,fy = 0; float size = 10; int count = 0; bool done = false; bool flag = true; void Initialize(int argc, char *argv[]) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA); glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); glutInitWindowSize(600, 600); glutCreateWindow("OpenGL Lab1"); Set_Transformations(); glutDisplayFunc(Draw); glutMouseFunc(MouseClick); glutKeyboardFunc(OnKeyPress); glutMainLoop(); } void Set_Transformations() { glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluOrtho2D(-200, 200, -200, 200); } void OnKeyPress(unsigned char key, int x, int y) { if (key == 27) exit(0); switch(key) { case 13: //enter key it will draw done = true; glutPostRedisplay(); flag=!flag; // this flag to switch to the other array that the vertices will be stored in, in order to draw the second polygon break; } } void MouseClick(int button, int state , int x , int y) { switch (button) { case GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON: if (state == GLUT_DOWN) { if (count>0) { DeleteVer(); //dont mind this right now } } break; case GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON: if (state == GLUT_DOWN) { if(count<20) { if(flag =true){ // drawing first polygon GetOGLPos(x, y,xPos,yPos);} if (flag=false) //drawing second polygon after Enter is pressed GetOGLPos(x, y,xPos2,yPos2); } } break; } } void GetOGLPos(int x, int y,float* arrY,float* arrX) //getting the vertices from the user { GLint viewport[4]; GLdouble modelview[16]; GLdouble projection[16]; GLfloat winX, winY, winZ; GLdouble posX, posY, posZ; glGetDoublev( GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, modelview ); glGetDoublev( GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projection ); glGetIntegerv( GL_VIEWPORT, viewport ); winX = (float)x; winY = (float)viewport[3] - (float)y; glReadPixels( x, int(winY), 1, 1, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, &winZ ); gluUnProject( winX, winY, winZ, modelview, projection, viewport, &posX, &posY, &posZ); arrX[count] = posX; arrY[count] = posY; count++; glPointSize( 6.0 ); glBegin(GL_POINTS); glVertex2f(posX,posY); glEnd(); glFlush(); } void DeleteVer(){ //dont mind this glColor3f ( 1, 1, 1); glBegin(GL_POINTS); glVertex2f(xPos[count-1],yPos[count-1]); glEnd(); glFlush(); xPos[count] = NULL; yPos[count] = NULL; count--; glColor3f ( 0, 0, 0); } void DrawPolygon(float* arrX,float* arrY) { int n=0; glColor3f ( 0, 0, 0); glBegin(GL_POLYGON); while(n<count) { glVertex2f(arrX[n],arrY[n]); n++; } count=0; glEnd(); glFlush(); } void Draw() //main drawing func { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glColor3f(0, 0, 0); if(done) { DrawPolygon(xPos,yPos); DrawPolygon(xPos2,yPos2); } glFlush(); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Initialize(argc, argv); return 0; }

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  • list images from directory by function

    - by osc2nuke
    i'm using this function: function getmyimages($qid){ $imgdir = 'modules/Projects/uploaded_project_images/'. $qid .''; // the directory, where your images are stored $allowed_types = array('png','jpg','jpeg','gif'); // list of filetypes you want to show $dimg = opendir($imgdir); while($imgfile = readdir($dimg)) { if(in_array(strtolower(substr($imgfile,-3)),$allowed_types)) { $a_img[] = $imgfile; sort($a_img); reset ($a_img); } } $totimg = count($a_img); // total image number for($x=0; $x < $totimg; $x++) { $size = getimagesize($imgdir.'/'.$a_img[$x]); // do whatever $halfwidth = ceil($size[0]/2); $halfheight = ceil($size[1]/2); $mytest = 'name: '.$a_img[$x].' width: '.$size[0].' height: '.$size[1].'<br /><a href="'. $imgdir .'/'.$a_img[$x].'">'. $a_img[$x]. '</a>'; } return $mytest; } And i call this function between a while row as: $sql_select = $db->sql_query('SELECT * from '.$prefix.'_projects WHERE topic=\''.$cid.'\''); OpenTable(); while ($row2 = $db->sql_fetchrow($sql_select)){ $qid = $row2['qid']; $project_query = $db->sql_query('SELECT p.uid, p.uname, p.subject, p.story, p.storyext, p.date, p.topic, p.pdate, p.materials, p.bidoptions, p.projectduration, pd.id_duration, pm.material_id, pbo.bidid, pc.cid FROM ' . $prefix . '_projects p, ' . $prefix . '_projects_duration pd, ' . $prefix . '_project_materials pm, ' . $prefix . '_project_bid_options pbo, ' . $prefix . '_project_categories pc WHERE p.topic=\''.$cid.'\' and p.qid=\''.$qid.'\' and p.bidoptions=pbo.bidid and p.materials=pm.material_id and p.projectduration=pd.id_duration'); while ($project_row = $db->sql_fetchrow($project_query)) { //$qid = $project_row['qid']; $uid = $project_row['uid']; $uname = $project_row['uname']; $subject = $project_row['subject']; $story = $project_row['story']; $storyext = $project_row['storyext']; $date = $project_row['date']; $topic = $project_row['topic']; $pdate = $project_row['pdate']; $materials = $project_row['materials']; $bidoptions = $project_row['bidoptions']; $projectduration = $project_row['projectduration']; //Get the topic name $topic_query = $db->sql_query('SELECT cid,title from '.$prefix.'_project_categories WHERE cid =\''.$cid.'\''); while ($topic_row = $db->sql_fetchrow($topic_query)) { $topic_id = $topic_row['cid']; $topic_title = $topic_row['title']; } //Get the material text $material_query = $db->sql_query('SELECT material_id,material_name from '.$prefix.'_project_materials WHERE material_id =\''.$materials.'\''); while ($material_row = $db->sql_fetchrow($material_query)) { $material_id = $material_row['material_id']; $material_name = $material_row['material_name']; } //Get the bid methode $bid_query = $db->sql_query('SELECT bidid,bidname from '.$prefix.'_project_bid_options WHERE bidid =\''.$bidoptions.'\''); while ($bid_row = $db->sql_fetchrow($bid_query)) { $bidid = $bid_row['bidid']; $bidname = $bid_row['bidname']; } //Get the project duration $duration_query = $db->sql_query('SELECT id_duration,duration_value,duration_alias from '.$prefix.'_projects_duration WHERE id_duration =\''.$projectduration.'\''); while ($duration_row = $db->sql_fetchrow($duration_query)) { $id_duration = $duration_row['id_duration']; $duration_value = $duration_row['duration_value']; $duration_alias = $duration_row['duration_alias']; } } echo '<br/><b>id</b>--->' .$qid. '<br/><b>uid</b>--->' .$uid. '<br/><b>username</b>--->' .$uname. '<br/><b>subject</b>--->'.$subject. '<br/><b>story1</b>--->'.$story. '<br/><b>story2</b>--->'.$storyext. '<br/><b>postdate</b>--->'.$date. '<br/><b>categorie</b>--->'.$topic_title . '<br/><b>project start</b>--->'.$pdate. '<br/><b>materials</b>--->'.$material_name. '<br/><b>bid methode</b>--->'.$bidname. '<br/><b>project duration</b>--->'.$duration_alias.'<br /><br /><br/><b>image url</b>--->'.getmyimages($qid).'<br /><br />'; } CloseTable(); the result outputs only the "last" file from the directories. if i do a echo instead of a return $mytest; it read the whole directory but ruïns the output.

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  • How does Ocaml decide precedence for user-defined operators?

    - by forefinger
    I want nice operators for complex arithmetic to make my code more readable. Ocaml has a Complex module, so I just want to add operators that call those functions. The most intuitive way for me is to make a new complex operator from all of the usual operators by appending '&' to the operator symbol. Thus +& and *& will be complex addition and multiplication. I would also like ~& to be complex conjugation. If I'm going to use these operators, I want them to associate the same way that normal arithmetic associates. Based on the following sessions, they are automatically behaving the way I want, but I would like to understand why, so that I don't get horrible bugs when I introduce more operators. My current guess is that their precedence is done by lexically sorting the operator symbols according to an ordering that is consistent with normal arithmetic precedence. But I cannot confirm this. Session one: # open Complex;; # let (+&) a b = add a b;; val ( +& ) : Complex.t -> Complex.t -> Complex.t = <fun> # let ( *&) a b = mul a b;; val ( *& ) : Complex.t -> Complex.t -> Complex.t = <fun> # one +& zero *& one +& zero *& one;; - : Complex.t = {re = 1.; im = 0.} # zero +& one *& zero +& one *& zero;; - : Complex.t = {re = 0.; im = 0.} # i +& i *& i +& i *& i *& i;; - : Complex.t = {re = -1.; im = 0.} Session two: # open Complex;; # let ( *&) a b = mul a b;; val ( *& ) : Complex.t -> Complex.t -> Complex.t = <fun> # let (+&) a b = add a b;; val ( +& ) : Complex.t -> Complex.t -> Complex.t = <fun> # one +& zero *& one +& zero *& one;; - : Complex.t = {re = 1.; im = 0.} # zero +& one *& zero +& one *& zero;; - : Complex.t = {re = 0.; im = 0.} # i +& i *& i +& i *& i *& i;; - : Complex.t = {re = -1.; im = 0.} # let (~&) a = conj a;; val ( ~& ) : Complex.t -> Complex.t = <fun> # (one +& i) *& ~& (one +& i);; - : Complex.t = {re = 2.; im = 0.}

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  • Loop crashing program having to do with 2D arrays

    - by user450062
    I am creating an encoding program and when I instruct the program to create a 5X5 grid based on the alphabet while skipping over letters that match up to certain pre-defined variables(which are given values by user input during runtime). I have a loop that instructs the loop to keep running until the values that access the array are out of bounds, the loop seems to cause the problem. This code is standardized so there shouldn't be much trouble compiling it in another compiler. Also would it be better to seperate my program into functions? here is the code: #include<iostream> #include<fstream> #include<cstdlib> #include<string> #include<limits> using namespace std; int main(){ while (!cin.fail()) { char type[81]; char filename[20]; char key [5]; char f[2] = "q"; char g[2] = "q"; char h[2] = "q"; char i[2] = "q"; char j[2] = "q"; char k[2] = "q"; char l[2] = "q"; int a = 1; int b = 1; int c = 1; int d = 1; int e = 1; string cipherarraytemplate[5][5]= { {"a","b","c","d","e"}, {"f","g","h","i","j"}, {"k","l","m","n","o"}, {"p","r","s","t","u"}, {"v","w","x","y","z"} }; string cipherarray[5][5]= { {"a","b","c","d","e"}, {"f","g","h","i","j"}, {"k","l","m","n","o"}, {"p","r","s","t","u"}, {"v","w","x","y","z"} }; cout<<"Enter the name of a file you want to create.\n"; cin>>filename; ofstream outFile; outFile.open(filename); outFile<<fixed; outFile.precision(2); outFile.setf(ios_base::showpoint); cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<int>::max(),'\n'); cout<<"enter your codeword(codeword can have no repeating letters)\n"; cin>>key; while (key[a] != '\0' ){ while(b < 6){ cipherarray[b][c] = key[a]; if ( f == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = f; } if ( f != "q" && g == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = g; } if ( g != "q" && h == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = h; } if ( h != "q" && i == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = i; } if ( i != "q" && j == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = j; } if ( j != "q" && k == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = k; } if ( k != "q" && l == "q" ) { cipherarray[b][c] = l; } a++; b++; } c++; b = 1; } while (c < 6 || b < 6){ if (cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == f || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == g || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == h || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == i || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == j || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == k || cipherarraytemplate[d][e] == l){ d++; } else { cipherarray[b][c] = cipherarraytemplate[d][e]; d++; b++; } if (d == 6){ d = 1; e++; } if (b == 6){ c++; b = 1; } } cout<<"now enter some text."<<endl<<"To end this program press Crtl-Z\n"; while(!cin.fail()){ cin.getline(type,81); outFile<<type<<endl; } outFile.close(); } } I know there is going to be some mid-forties guy out there who is going to stumble on to this post, he's have been programming for 20-some years and he's going to look at my code and say: "what is this guy doing".

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  • Couldn't match expected type - Haskell Code

    - by wvyar
    I'm trying to learn Haskell, but the small bit of sample code I tried to write is running into a fairly large amount of "Couldn't match expected type" errors. Can anyone give me some guidance as to what I'm doing wrong/how I should go about this? These are the errors, but I'm not really sure how I should be writing my code. toDoSchedulerSimple.hs:6:14: Couldn't match expected type `[t0]' with actual type `IO String' In the return type of a call of `readFile' In a stmt of a 'do' block: f <- readFile inFile In the expression: do { f <- readFile inFile; lines f } toDoSchedulerSimple.hs:27:9: Couldn't match expected type `[a0]' with actual type `IO ()' In the return type of a call of `putStr' In a stmt of a 'do' block: putStr "Enter task name: " In the expression: do { putStr "Enter task name: "; task <- getLine; return inFileArray : task } toDoSchedulerSimple.hs:34:9: Couldn't match expected type `IO ()' with actual type `[a0]' In a stmt of a 'do' block: putStrLn "Your task is: " ++ (inFileArray !! i) In the expression: do { i <- randomRIO (0, (length inFileArray - 1)); putStrLn "Your task is: " ++ (inFileArray !! i) } In an equation for `getTask': getTask inFileArray = do { i <- randomRIO (0, (length inFileArray - 1)); putStrLn "Your task is: " ++ (inFileArray !! i) } toDoSchedulerSimple.hs:41:9: Couldn't match expected type `[a0]' with actual type `IO ()' In the return type of a call of `putStr' In a stmt of a 'do' block: putStr "Enter the task you would like to end: " In the expression: do { putStr "Enter the task you would like to end: "; task <- getLine; filter (endTaskCheck task) inFileArray } toDoSchedulerSimple.hs:60:53: Couldn't match expected type `IO ()' with actual type `[String] -> IO ()' In a stmt of a 'do' block: schedulerSimpleMain In the expression: do { (getTask inFileArray); schedulerSimpleMain } In a case alternative: "get-task" -> do { (getTask inFileArray); schedulerSimpleMain } This is the code itself. I think it's fairly straightforward, but the idea is to run a loop, take input, and perform actions based off of it by calling other functions. import System.Random (randomRIO) import Data.List (lines) initializeFile :: [char] -> [String] initializeFile inFile = do f <- readFile inFile let parsedFile = lines f return parsedFile displayHelp :: IO() displayHelp = do putStrLn "Welcome to To Do Scheduler Simple, written in Haskell." putStrLn "Here are some commands you might find useful:" putStrLn " 'help' : Display this menu." putStrLn " 'quit' : Exit the program." putStrLn " 'new-task' : Create a new task." putStrLn " 'get-task' : Randomly select a task." putStrLn " 'end-task' : Mark a task as finished." putStrLn " 'view-tasks' : View all of your tasks." quit :: IO() quit = do putStrLn "We're very sad to see you go...:(" putStrLn "Come back soon!" createTask :: [String] -> [String] createTask inFileArray = do putStr "Enter task name: " task <- getLine return inFileArray:task getTask :: [String] -> IO() getTask inFileArray = do i <- randomRIO (0, (length inFileArray - 1)) putStrLn "Your task is: " ++ (inFileArray !! i) endTaskCheck :: String -> String -> Bool endTaskCheck str1 str2 = str1 /= str2 endTask :: [String] -> [String] endTask inFileArray = do putStr "Enter the task you would like to end: " task <- getLine return filter (endTaskCheck task) inFileArray viewTasks :: [String] -> IO() viewTasks inFileArray = case inFileArray of [] -> do putStrLn "\nEnd of tasks." _ -> do putStrLn (head inFileArray) viewTasks (tail inFileArray) schedulerSimpleMain :: [String] -> IO() schedulerSimpleMain inFileArray = do putStr "SchedulerSimple> " input <- getLine case input of "help" -> displayHelp "quit" -> quit "new-task" -> schedulerSimpleMain (createTask inFileArray) "get-task" -> do (getTask inFileArray); schedulerSimpleMain "end-task" -> schedulerSimpleMain (endTask inFileArray) "view-tasks" -> do (viewTasks inFileArray); schedulerSimpleMain _ -> do putStrLn "Invalid input."; schedulerSimpleMain main :: IO() main = do putStr "What is the name of the schedule? " sName <- getLine schedulerSimpleMain (initializeFile sName) Thanks, and apologies if this isn't the correct place to be asking such a question.

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  • Which code snipplets in PHP can create a input form, which creates a new set of data in my mysql dat

    - by smiyazaki
    I am using the Google Maps API with parts in javascript and others in PHP. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> Google Maps AJAX + mySQL/PHP Example // var iconBlue = new GIcon(); iconBlue.image = 'icon.png'; iconBlue.shadow = ''; iconBlue.iconSize = new GSize(19, 19); iconBlue.shadowSize = new GSize(22, 20); iconBlue.iconAnchor = new GPoint(6, 20); iconBlue.infoWindowAnchor = new GPoint(5, 1); var iconRed = new GIcon(); iconRed.image = 'icon.png'; iconRed.shadow = ''; iconRed.iconSize = new GSize(19, 19); iconRed.shadowSize = new GSize(22, 20); iconRed.iconAnchor = new GPoint(6, 20); iconRed.infoWindowAnchor = new GPoint(5, 1); var customIcons = []; customIcons["restaurant"] = iconBlue; customIcons["bar"] = iconRed; function load() { if (GBrowserIsCompatible()) { var map = new GMap2(document.getElementById("map")); map.setMapType(G_SATELLITE_MAP); map.addControl(new GSmallMapControl()); map.addControl(new GMapTypeControl()); map.setCenter(new GLatLng(47.614495, -122.341861), 13); // Change this depending on the name of your PHP file GDownloadUrl("phpsqlajax_genxml.php", function(data) { var xml = GXml.parse(data); var markers = xml.documentElement.getElementsByTagName("marker"); for (var i = 0; i < markers.length; i++) { var name = markers[i].getAttribute("name"); var address = markers[i].getAttribute("address"); var type = markers[i].getAttribute("type"); var point = new GLatLng(parseFloat(markers[i].getAttribute("lat")), parseFloat(markers[i].getAttribute("lng"))); var marker = createMarker(point, name, address, type); map.addOverlay(marker); } }); } } function createMarker(point, name, address, type) { var marker = new GMarker(point, customIcons[type]); var html = "<b>" + name + "</b> <br/>" + address; GEvent.addListener(marker, 'click', function() { marker.openInfoWindowHtml(html); }); return marker; } //]]> (I suppose the php will be called by "GDownloadUrl("phpsqlajax_genxml.php", function(data) { ..." in the javascript part of the sourcecode of phpsqlajax_map.htm) Now I need another php file and the code snipplets for it, which creates an input form where I can add some new locations to the google map. Following code is used to create the xml file here: http://detektors.de/maptest/phpsqlajax_genxml.php The next step would be, trying to make an plugin for wordpress that I could easily post a blog entry with a new location on the same map, which displays already some other locations stored in the mysql database. thanks! <?php require("phpsqlajax_dbinfo.php"); function parseToXML($htmlStr) { $xmlStr=str_replace('<','<',$htmlStr); $xmlStr=str_replace('','>',$xmlStr); $xmlStr=str_replace('"','"',$xmlStr); $xmlStr=str_replace("'",''',$xmlStr); $xmlStr=str_replace("&",'&',$xmlStr); return $xmlStr; } // Opens a connection to a MySQL server $connection=mysql_connect ($host, $username, $password); if (!$connection) { die('Not connected : ' . mysql_error()); } // Set the active MySQL database $db_selected = mysql_select_db($database, $connection); if (!$db_selected) { die ('Can\'t use db : ' . mysql_error()); } // Select all the rows in the markers table $query = "SELECT * FROM markers WHERE 1"; $result = mysql_query($query); if (!$result) { die('Invalid query: ' . mysql_error()); } header("Content-type: text/xml"); // Start XML file, echo parent node echo ''; // Iterate through the rows, printing XML nodes for each while ($row = @mysql_fetch_assoc($result)){ // ADD TO XML DOCUMENT NODE echo ''; } // End XML file echo ''; ?

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  • Weird "?>" being displayed

    - by Jaxkr
    I have the following navigation bar script: <?php session_start(); require('includepath.inc.php'); require($include_path.'loginsysfunc.inc.php'); $current_page = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; ?> <div class="navbar"> <img class="navlogo" src="logo.png"> <div class="navbutton"><a href="index.php">Home</a></div> <div class="navbutton"><a href="about.php">About</a></div> <div class="navbutton"><a href="donate.php">Donate</a></div> <?php if (loggedIn()){ ?> <div class="navusername"><a href="profile.php?user=<?php echo $_SESSION['username'];?>"><?php echo $_SESSION['username']; ?></a></div> <div class="navtoolsettings"><a href="settings.php">Settings</a></div> <div class="navtoollogout"><a href="logout.php">Log out</a> <?php } elseif ($current_page == '/login.php') { ?> <div class="navregister"><a href="register.php">Register</a></div> <?php } else { ?> <div class="navusername"><a href="login.php">Log in</a></div> <?php } ?> </div> For some reason, a strange "?" is being displayed. I am super confused, so please help. Here is includepath.inc.php (the only I reason it's there is because I am on a shared host, and I don't want to type '/home/bigdumbhash/public_html/include' everytime. But, here it is: <?php $include_path = '/home/a6595899/public_html/include/'; ?> Here is loginsysfunc.inc.php. These are functions that go with my login system to save time: <?php function valUser() { session_regenerate_id(); $_SESSION['valid'] = true; $_SESSION['username'] = $userid; echo '<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;URL=\'index.php\'">'; } function loggedIn() { if($_SESSION['valid'] == true) { return true; } else { return false; } } function createSalt() { $string = $string = md5(uniqid(rand(), true)); return substr($string, 0, 3); } function logout() { $_SESSION = array(); session_destroy(); echo '<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;URL=\'index.php\'">'; } ?> Here is the actual HTML of the page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <title> Log in </title> </head> <body> <div class="navbar"> <img class="navlogo" src="logo.png"> <div class="navbutton"><a href="index.php">Home</a></div> <div class="navbutton"><a href="about.php">About</a></div> <div class="navbutton"><a href="donate.php">Donate</a></div> <div class="navregister"><a href="register.php">Register</a></div> </div> ?> <div class="loginbox"> <h1>Log in</h1> <form action="logingo.php" method="POST"> <input class="userpass" type="text" name="username" value="Username" onFocus="this.value='';"> <br> <input class="userpass" type="password" name="password" value="Password" onFocus="this.value='';"> <br> <input class="loginbutton" type="submit" value="Log in!"> </form> </div> </body> </html>

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  • I can NOT submit the form

    - by buri kuri
    Hey guys Im trying to develop an advance consumer website using php and I stuck somewhere while trying to get the data with submitting to another page. All I want to do is to get the checkbox values which are stored in an array and checked by user. I urgently need your help please here is the code: $sql2="SELECT * FROM alinanfis WHERE alinanfis.fis_id='".$fis."'" ; $resultFis=mysql_query($sql2); if(mysql_num_rows($resultFis)>0) { print "<form method='POST' action='deletionResult.php'>"; print "<table>"; print "<tr>"; print "<th style='background: transparent;'></th>"; print "<th>Fis No</th>"; print "<th>isim</th>"; print "<th>soyisim</th>"; print "<th >Tarih</th>"; print "<th>Fis Tipi</th>"; print "<th>Nerede</th>"; print "<th>Litre</th>"; print "<th>Tutar</th>"; print "</tr>"; while($rowAlinan=mysql_fetch_array($resultFis)) { $sqlFisTipi="SELECT * FROM atype WHERE a_id='".$rowAlinan['a_id']."'" ; $resultFisTipi=mysql_query($sqlFisTipi); $rowFisTipi=mysql_fetch_array($resultFisTipi); $sqlNerede="SELECT * FROM isyeri WHERE i_id='".$rowAlinan['nerde']."'" ; $resultNerede=mysql_query($sqlNerede); $rowNerede=mysql_fetch_array($resultNerede); $sqlMID="SELECT * FROM musteri WHERE m_id='".$rowAlinan['m_id']."'" ; $resultMID1=mysql_query($sqlMID); $rowMID1=mysql_fetch_array($resultMID1); print "<tr>"; print "<td><input name='checkBox[]' type='checkbox' value='".$rowAlinan['fis_id']."' /> php</td>"; print "<td>".$rowAlinan['fis_id']."</td>"; print "<td>".$rowMID1['m_name']."</td>"; print "<td>".$rowMID1['m_lastName']."</td>"; print "<td>".$rowAlinan['alinan_tarih']."</td>"; print "<td>".$rowFisTipi['a_name']."</td>"; print "<td>".$rowNerede['i_name']."</td>"; print "<td>".$rowAlinan['litre']."</td>"; print "<td>".$rowAlinan['tutar']."</td>"; print "</tr>"; } print '<div class="form_settings">'; print "<input class='submit' type='submit' name= 'send' value='Send'>"; / print '</div>'; print "</table>"; print "</form>"; }//end of if(num_rows>0) else echo '*no such receipt found!!'; mysql_close($con);

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  • Integrating JavaScript Unit Tests with Visual Studio

    - by Stephen Walther
    Modern ASP.NET web applications take full advantage of client-side JavaScript to provide better interactivity and responsiveness. If you are building an ASP.NET application in the right way, you quickly end up with lots and lots of JavaScript code. When writing server code, you should be writing unit tests. One big advantage of unit tests is that they provide you with a safety net that enable you to safely modify your existing code – for example, fix bugs, add new features, and make performance enhancements -- without breaking your existing code. Every time you modify your code, you can execute your unit tests to verify that you have not broken anything. For the same reason that you should write unit tests for your server code, you should write unit tests for your client code. JavaScript is just as susceptible to bugs as C#. There is no shortage of unit testing frameworks for JavaScript. Each of the major JavaScript libraries has its own unit testing framework. For example, jQuery has QUnit, Prototype has UnitTestJS, YUI has YUI Test, and Dojo has Dojo Objective Harness (DOH). The challenge is integrating a JavaScript unit testing framework with Visual Studio. Visual Studio and Visual Studio ALM provide fantastic support for server-side unit tests. You can easily view the results of running your unit tests in the Visual Studio Test Results window. You can set up a check-in policy which requires that all unit tests pass before your source code can be committed to the source code repository. In addition, you can set up Team Build to execute your unit tests automatically. Unfortunately, Visual Studio does not provide “out-of-the-box” support for JavaScript unit tests. MS Test, the unit testing framework included in Visual Studio, does not support JavaScript unit tests. As soon as you leave the server world, you are left on your own. The goal of this blog entry is to describe one approach to integrating JavaScript unit tests with MS Test so that you can execute your JavaScript unit tests side-by-side with your C# unit tests. The goal is to enable you to execute JavaScript unit tests in exactly the same way as server-side unit tests. You can download the source code described by this project by scrolling to the end of this blog entry. Rejected Approach: Browser Launchers One popular approach to executing JavaScript unit tests is to use a browser as a test-driver. When you use a browser as a test-driver, you open up a browser window to execute and view the results of executing your JavaScript unit tests. For example, QUnit – the unit testing framework for jQuery – takes this approach. The following HTML page illustrates how you can use QUnit to create a unit test for a function named addNumbers(). <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Using QUnit</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://github.com/jquery/qunit/raw/master/qunit/qunit.css" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <h1 id="qunit-header">QUnit example</h1> <h2 id="qunit-banner"></h2> <div id="qunit-testrunner-toolbar"></div> <h2 id="qunit-userAgent"></h2> <ol id="qunit-tests"></ol> <div id="qunit-fixture">test markup, will be hidden</div> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://github.com/jquery/qunit/raw/master/qunit/qunit.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // The function to test function addNumbers(a, b) { return a+b; } // The unit test test("Test of addNumbers", function () { equals(4, addNumbers(1,3), "1+3 should be 4"); }); </script> </body> </html> This test verifies that calling addNumbers(1,3) returns the expected value 4. When you open this page in a browser, you can see that this test does, in fact, pass. The idea is that you can quickly refresh this QUnit HTML JavaScript test driver page in your browser whenever you modify your JavaScript code. In other words, you can keep a browser window open and keep refreshing it over and over while you are developing your application. That way, you can know very quickly whenever you have broken your JavaScript code. While easy to setup, there are several big disadvantages to this approach to executing JavaScript unit tests: You must view your JavaScript unit test results in a different location than your server unit test results. The JavaScript unit test results appear in the browser and the server unit test results appear in the Visual Studio Test Results window. Because all of your unit test results don’t appear in a single location, you are more likely to introduce bugs into your code without noticing it. Because your unit tests are not integrated with Visual Studio – in particular, MS Test -- you cannot easily include your JavaScript unit tests when setting up check-in policies or when performing automated builds with Team Build. A more sophisticated approach to using a browser as a test-driver is to automate the web browser. Instead of launching the browser and loading the test code yourself, you use a framework to automate this process. There are several different testing frameworks that support this approach: · Selenium – Selenium is a very powerful framework for automating browser tests. You can create your tests by recording a Firefox session or by writing the test driver code in server code such as C#. You can learn more about Selenium at http://seleniumhq.org/. LTAF – The ASP.NET team uses the Lightweight Test Automation Framework to test JavaScript code in the ASP.NET framework. You can learn more about LTAF by visiting the project home at CodePlex: http://aspnet.codeplex.com/releases/view/35501 jsTestDriver – This framework uses Java to automate the browser. jsTestDriver creates a server which can be used to automate multiple browsers simultaneously. This project is located at http://code.google.com/p/js-test-driver/ TestSwam – This framework, created by John Resig, uses PHP to automate the browser. Like jsTestDriver, the framework creates a test server. You can open multiple browsers that are automated by the test server. Learn more about TestSwarm by visiting the following address: https://github.com/jeresig/testswarm/wiki Yeti – This is the framework introduced by Yahoo for automating browser tests. Yeti uses server-side JavaScript and depends on Node.js. Learn more about Yeti at http://www.yuiblog.com/blog/2010/08/25/introducing-yeti-the-yui-easy-testing-interface/ All of these frameworks are great for integration tests – however, they are not the best frameworks to use for unit tests. In one way or another, all of these frameworks depend on executing tests within the context of a “living and breathing” browser. If you create an ASP.NET Unit Test then Visual Studio will launch a web server before executing the unit test. Why is launching a web server so bad? It is not the worst thing in the world. However, it does introduce dependencies that prevent your code from being tested in isolation. One of the defining features of a unit test -- versus an integration test – is that a unit test tests code in isolation. Another problem with launching a web server when performing unit tests is that launching a web server can be slow. If you cannot execute your unit tests quickly, you are less likely to execute your unit tests each and every time you make a code change. You are much more likely to fall into the pit of failure. Launching a browser when performing a JavaScript unit test has all of the same disadvantages as launching a web server when performing an ASP.NET unit test. Instead of testing a unit of JavaScript code in isolation, you are testing JavaScript code within the context of a particular browser. Using the frameworks listed above for integration tests makes perfect sense. However, I want to consider a different approach for creating unit tests for JavaScript code. Using Server-Side JavaScript for JavaScript Unit Tests A completely different approach to executing JavaScript unit tests is to perform the tests outside of any browser. If you really want to test JavaScript then you should test JavaScript and leave the browser out of the testing process. There are several ways that you can execute JavaScript on the server outside the context of any browser: Rhino – Rhino is an implementation of JavaScript written in Java. The Rhino project is maintained by the Mozilla project. Learn more about Rhino at http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/ V8 – V8 is the open-source Google JavaScript engine written in C++. This is the JavaScript engine used by the Chrome web browser. You can download V8 and embed it in your project by visiting http://code.google.com/p/v8/ JScript – JScript is the JavaScript Script Engine used by Internet Explorer (up to but not including Internet Explorer 9), Windows Script Host, and Active Server Pages. Internet Explorer is still the most popular web browser. Therefore, I decided to focus on using the JScript Script Engine to execute JavaScript unit tests. Using the Microsoft Script Control There are two basic ways that you can pass JavaScript to the JScript Script Engine and execute the code: use the Microsoft Windows Script Interfaces or use the Microsoft Script Control. The difficult and proper way to execute JavaScript using the JScript Script Engine is to use the Microsoft Windows Script Interfaces. You can learn more about the Script Interfaces by visiting http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/t9d4xf28(VS.85).aspx The main disadvantage of using the Script Interfaces is that they are difficult to use from .NET. There is a great series of articles on using the Script Interfaces from C# located at http://www.drdobbs.com/184406028. I picked the easier alternative and used the Microsoft Script Control. The Microsoft Script Control is an ActiveX control that provides a higher level abstraction over the Window Script Interfaces. You can download the Microsoft Script Control from here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=d7e31492-2595-49e6-8c02-1426fec693ac After you download the Microsoft Script Control, you need to add a reference to it to your project. Select the Visual Studio menu option Project, Add Reference to open the Add Reference dialog. Select the COM tab and add the Microsoft Script Control 1.0. Using the Script Control is easy. You call the Script Control AddCode() method to add JavaScript code to the Script Engine. Next, you call the Script Control Run() method to run a particular JavaScript function. The reference documentation for the Microsoft Script Control is located at the MSDN website: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa227633%28v=vs.60%29.aspx Creating the JavaScript Code to Test To keep things simple, let’s imagine that you want to test the following JavaScript function named addNumbers() which simply adds two numbers together: MvcApplication1\Scripts\Math.js function addNumbers(a, b) { return 5; } Notice that the addNumbers() method always returns the value 5. Right-now, it will not pass a good unit test. Create this file and save it in your project with the name Math.js in your MVC project’s Scripts folder (Save the file in your actual MVC application and not your MVC test application). Creating the JavaScript Test Helper Class To make it easier to use the Microsoft Script Control in unit tests, we can create a helper class. This class contains two methods: LoadFile() – Loads a JavaScript file. Use this method to load the JavaScript file being tested or the JavaScript file containing the unit tests. ExecuteTest() – Executes the JavaScript code. Use this method to execute a JavaScript unit test. Here’s the code for the JavaScriptTestHelper class: JavaScriptTestHelper.cs   using System; using System.IO; using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; using MSScriptControl; namespace MvcApplication1.Tests { public class JavaScriptTestHelper : IDisposable { private ScriptControl _sc; private TestContext _context; /// <summary> /// You need to use this helper with Unit Tests and not /// Basic Unit Tests because you need a Test Context /// </summary> /// <param name="testContext">Unit Test Test Context</param> public JavaScriptTestHelper(TestContext testContext) { if (testContext == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("TestContext"); } _context = testContext; _sc = new ScriptControl(); _sc.Language = "JScript"; _sc.AllowUI = false; } /// <summary> /// Load the contents of a JavaScript file into the /// Script Engine. /// </summary> /// <param name="path">Path to JavaScript file</param> public void LoadFile(string path) { var fileContents = File.ReadAllText(path); _sc.AddCode(fileContents); } /// <summary> /// Pass the path of the test that you want to execute. /// </summary> /// <param name="testMethodName">JavaScript function name</param> public void ExecuteTest(string testMethodName) { dynamic result = null; try { result = _sc.Run(testMethodName, new object[] { }); } catch { var error = ((IScriptControl)_sc).Error; if (error != null) { var description = error.Description; var line = error.Line; var column = error.Column; var text = error.Text; var source = error.Source; if (_context != null) { var details = String.Format("{0} \r\nLine: {1} Column: {2}", source, line, column); _context.WriteLine(details); } } throw new AssertFailedException(error.Description); } } public void Dispose() { _sc = null; } } }     Notice that the JavaScriptTestHelper class requires a Test Context to be instantiated. For this reason, you can use the JavaScriptTestHelper only with a Visual Studio Unit Test and not a Basic Unit Test (These are two different types of Visual Studio project items). Add the JavaScriptTestHelper file to your MVC test application (for example, MvcApplication1.Tests). Creating the JavaScript Unit Test Next, we need to create the JavaScript unit test function that we will use to test the addNumbers() function. Create a folder in your MVC test project named JavaScriptTests and add the following JavaScript file to this folder: MvcApplication1.Tests\JavaScriptTests\MathTest.js /// <reference path="JavaScriptUnitTestFramework.js"/> function testAddNumbers() { // Act var result = addNumbers(1, 3); // Assert assert.areEqual(4, result, "addNumbers did not return right value!"); }   The testAddNumbers() function takes advantage of another JavaScript library named JavaScriptUnitTestFramework.js. This library contains all of the code necessary to make assertions. Add the following JavaScriptnitTestFramework.js to the same folder as the MathTest.js file: MvcApplication1.Tests\JavaScriptTests\JavaScriptUnitTestFramework.js var assert = { areEqual: function (expected, actual, message) { if (expected !== actual) { throw new Error("Expected value " + expected + " is not equal to " + actual + ". " + message); } } }; There is only one type of assertion supported by this file: the areEqual() assertion. Most likely, you would want to add additional types of assertions to this file to make it easier to write your JavaScript unit tests. Deploying the JavaScript Test Files This step is non-intuitive. When you use Visual Studio to run unit tests, Visual Studio creates a new folder and executes a copy of the files in your project. After you run your unit tests, your Visual Studio Solution will contain a new folder named TestResults that includes a subfolder for each test run. You need to configure Visual Studio to deploy your JavaScript files to the test run folder or Visual Studio won’t be able to find your JavaScript files when you execute your unit tests. You will get an error that looks something like this when you attempt to execute your unit tests: You can configure Visual Studio to deploy your JavaScript files by adding a Test Settings file to your Visual Studio Solution. It is important to understand that you need to add this file to your Visual Studio Solution and not a particular Visual Studio project. Right-click your Solution in the Solution Explorer window and select the menu option Add, New Item. Select the Test Settings item and click the Add button. After you create a Test Settings file for your solution, you can indicate that you want a particular folder to be deployed whenever you perform a test run. Select the menu option Test, Edit Test Settings to edit your test configuration file. Select the Deployment tab and select your MVC test project’s JavaScriptTest folder to deploy. Click the Apply button and the Close button to save the changes and close the dialog. Creating the Visual Studio Unit Test The very last step is to create the Visual Studio unit test (the MS Test unit test). Add a new unit test to your MVC test project by selecting the menu option Add New Item and selecting the Unit Test project item (Do not select the Basic Unit Test project item): The difference between a Basic Unit Test and a Unit Test is that a Unit Test includes a Test Context. We need this Test Context to use the JavaScriptTestHelper class that we created earlier. Enter the following test method for the new unit test: [TestMethod] public void TestAddNumbers() { var jsHelper = new JavaScriptTestHelper(this.TestContext); // Load JavaScript files jsHelper.LoadFile("JavaScriptUnitTestFramework.js"); jsHelper.LoadFile(@"..\..\..\MvcApplication1\Scripts\Math.js"); jsHelper.LoadFile("MathTest.js"); // Execute JavaScript Test jsHelper.ExecuteTest("testAddNumbers"); } This code uses the JavaScriptTestHelper to load three files: JavaScripUnitTestFramework.js – Contains the assert functions. Math.js – Contains the addNumbers() function from your MVC application which is being tested. MathTest.js – Contains the JavaScript unit test function. Next, the test method calls the JavaScriptTestHelper ExecuteTest() method to execute the testAddNumbers() JavaScript function. Running the Visual Studio JavaScript Unit Test After you complete all of the steps described above, you can execute the JavaScript unit test just like any other unit test. You can use the keyboard combination CTRL-R, CTRL-A to run all of the tests in the current Visual Studio Solution. Alternatively, you can use the buttons in the Visual Studio toolbar to run the tests: (Unfortunately, the Run All Impacted Tests button won’t work correctly because Visual Studio won’t detect that your JavaScript code has changed. Therefore, you should use either the Run Tests in Current Context or Run All Tests in Solution options instead.) The results of running the JavaScript tests appear side-by-side with the results of running the server tests in the Test Results window. For example, if you Run All Tests in Solution then you will get the following results: Notice that the TestAddNumbers() JavaScript test has failed. That is good because our addNumbers() function is hard-coded to always return the value 5. If you double-click the failing JavaScript test, you can view additional details such as the JavaScript error message and the line number of the JavaScript code that failed: Summary The goal of this blog entry was to explain an approach to creating JavaScript unit tests that can be easily integrated with Visual Studio and Visual Studio ALM. I described how you can use the Microsoft Script Control to execute JavaScript on the server. By taking advantage of the Microsoft Script Control, we were able to execute our JavaScript unit tests side-by-side with all of our other unit tests and view the results in the standard Visual Studio Test Results window. You can download the code discussed in this blog entry from here: http://StephenWalther.com/downloads/Blog/JavaScriptUnitTesting/JavaScriptUnitTests.zip Before running this code, you need to first install the Microsoft Script Control which you can download from here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=d7e31492-2595-49e6-8c02-1426fec693ac

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  • .NET HTML Sanitation for rich HTML Input

    - by Rick Strahl
    Recently I was working on updating a legacy application to MVC 4 that included free form text input. When I set up the new site my initial approach was to not allow any rich HTML input, only simple text formatting that would respect a few simple HTML commands for bold, lists etc. and automatically handles line break processing for new lines and paragraphs. This is typical for what I do with most multi-line text input in my apps and it works very well with very little development effort involved. Then the client sprung another note: Oh by the way we have a bunch of customers (real estate agents) who need to post complete HTML documents. Oh uh! There goes the simple theory. After some discussion and pleading on my part (<snicker>) to try and avoid this type of raw HTML input because of potential XSS issues, the client decided to go ahead and allow raw HTML input anyway. There has been lots of discussions on this subject on StackOverFlow (and here and here) but to after reading through some of the solutions I didn't really find anything that would work even closely for what I needed. Specifically we need to be able to allow just about any HTML markup, with the exception of script code. Remote CSS and Images need to be loaded, links need to work and so. While the 'legit' HTML posted by these agents is basic in nature it does span most of the full gamut of HTML (4). Most of the solutions XSS prevention/sanitizer solutions I found were way to aggressive and rendered the posted output unusable mostly because they tend to strip any externally loaded content. In short I needed a custom solution. I thought the best solution to this would be to use an HTML parser - in this case the Html Agility Pack - and then to run through all the HTML markup provided and remove any of the blacklisted tags and a number of attributes that are prone to JavaScript injection. There's much discussion on whether to use blacklists vs. whitelists in the discussions mentioned above, but I found that whitelists can make sense in simple scenarios where you might allow manual HTML input, but when you need to allow a larger array of HTML functionality a blacklist is probably easier to manage as the vast majority of elements and attributes could be allowed. Also white listing gets a bit more complex with HTML5 and the new proliferation of new HTML tags and most new tags generally don't affect XSS issues directly. Pure whitelisting based on elements and attributes also doesn't capture many edge cases (see some of the XSS cheat sheets listed below) so even with a white list, custom logic is still required to handle many of those edge cases. The Microsoft Web Protection Library (AntiXSS) My first thought was to check out the Microsoft AntiXSS library. Microsoft has an HTML Encoding and Sanitation library in the Microsoft Web Protection Library (formerly AntiXSS Library) on CodePlex, which provides stricter functions for whitelist encoding and sanitation. Initially I thought the Sanitation class and its static members would do the trick for me,but I found that this library is way too restrictive for my needs. Specifically the Sanitation class strips out images and links which rendered the full HTML from our real estate clients completely useless. I didn't spend much time with it, but apparently I'm not alone if feeling this library is not really useful without some way to configure operation. To give you an example of what didn't work for me with the library here's a small and simple HTML fragment that includes script, img and anchor tags. I would expect the script to be stripped and everything else to be left intact. Here's the original HTML:var value = "<b>Here</b> <script>alert('hello')</script> we go. Visit the " + "<a href='http://west-wind.com'>West Wind</a> site. " + "<img src='http://west-wind.com/images/new.gif' /> " ; and the code to sanitize it with the AntiXSS Sanitize class:@Html.Raw(Microsoft.Security.Application.Sanitizer.GetSafeHtmlFragment(value)) This produced a not so useful sanitized string: Here we go. Visit the <a>West Wind</a> site. While it removed the <script> tag (good) it also removed the href from the link and the image tag altogether (bad). In some situations this might be useful, but for most tasks I doubt this is the desired behavior. While links can contain javascript: references and images can 'broadcast' information to a server, without configuration to tell the library what to restrict this becomes useless to me. I couldn't find any way to customize the white list, nor is there code available in this 'open source' library on CodePlex. Using Html Agility Pack for HTML Parsing The WPL library wasn't going to cut it. After doing a bit of research I decided the best approach for a custom solution would be to use an HTML parser and inspect the HTML fragment/document I'm trying to import. I've used the HTML Agility Pack before for a number of apps where I needed an HTML parser without requiring an instance of a full browser like the Internet Explorer Application object which is inadequate in Web apps. In case you haven't checked out the Html Agility Pack before, it's a powerful HTML parser library that you can use from your .NET code. It provides a simple, parsable HTML DOM model to full HTML documents or HTML fragments that let you walk through each of the elements in your document. If you've used the HTML or XML DOM in a browser before you'll feel right at home with the Agility Pack. Blacklist based HTML Parsing to strip XSS Code For my purposes of HTML sanitation, the process involved is to walk the HTML document one element at a time and then check each element and attribute against a blacklist. There's quite a bit of argument of what's better: A whitelist of allowed items or a blacklist of denied items. While whitelists tend to be more secure, they also require a lot more configuration. In the case of HTML5 a whitelist could be very extensive. For what I need, I only want to ensure that no JavaScript is executed, so a blacklist includes the obvious <script> tag plus any tag that allows loading of external content including <iframe>, <object>, <embed> and <link> etc. <form>  is also excluded to avoid posting content to a different location. I also disallow <head> and <meta> tags in particular for my case, since I'm only allowing posting of HTML fragments. There is also some internal logic to exclude some attributes or attributes that include references to JavaScript or CSS expressions. The default tag blacklist reflects my use case, but is customizable and can be added to. Here's my HtmlSanitizer implementation:using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Xml; using HtmlAgilityPack; namespace Westwind.Web.Utilities { public class HtmlSanitizer { public HashSet<string> BlackList = new HashSet<string>() { { "script" }, { "iframe" }, { "form" }, { "object" }, { "embed" }, { "link" }, { "head" }, { "meta" } }; /// <summary> /// Cleans up an HTML string and removes HTML tags in blacklist /// </summary> /// <param name="html"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string SanitizeHtml(string html, params string[] blackList) { var sanitizer = new HtmlSanitizer(); if (blackList != null && blackList.Length > 0) { sanitizer.BlackList.Clear(); foreach (string item in blackList) sanitizer.BlackList.Add(item); } return sanitizer.Sanitize(html); } /// <summary> /// Cleans up an HTML string by removing elements /// on the blacklist and all elements that start /// with onXXX . /// </summary> /// <param name="html"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string Sanitize(string html) { var doc = new HtmlDocument(); doc.LoadHtml(html); SanitizeHtmlNode(doc.DocumentNode); //return doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(); string output = null; // Use an XmlTextWriter to create self-closing tags using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter()) { XmlWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter(sw); doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(writer); output = sw.ToString(); // strip off XML doc header if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(output)) { int at = output.IndexOf("?>"); output = output.Substring(at + 2); } writer.Close(); } doc = null; return output; } private void SanitizeHtmlNode(HtmlNode node) { if (node.NodeType == HtmlNodeType.Element) { // check for blacklist items and remove if (BlackList.Contains(node.Name)) { node.Remove(); return; } // remove CSS Expressions and embedded script links if (node.Name == "style") { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(node.InnerText)) { if (node.InnerHtml.Contains("expression") || node.InnerHtml.Contains("javascript:")) node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node); } } // remove script attributes if (node.HasAttributes) { for (int i = node.Attributes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { HtmlAttribute currentAttribute = node.Attributes[i]; var attr = currentAttribute.Name.ToLower(); var val = currentAttribute.Value.ToLower(); span style="background: white; color: green">// remove event handlers if (attr.StartsWith("on")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); // remove script links else if ( //(attr == "href" || attr== "src" || attr == "dynsrc" || attr == "lowsrc") && val != null && val.Contains("javascript:")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); // Remove CSS Expressions else if (attr == "style" && val != null && val.Contains("expression") || val.Contains("javascript:") || val.Contains("vbscript:")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); } } } // Look through child nodes recursively if (node.HasChildNodes) { for (int i = node.ChildNodes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { SanitizeHtmlNode(node.ChildNodes[i]); } } } } } Please note: Use this as a starting point only for your own parsing and review the code for your specific use case! If your needs are less lenient than mine were you can you can make this much stricter by not allowing src and href attributes or CSS links if your HTML doesn't allow it. You can also check links for external URLs and disallow those - lots of options.  The code is simple enough to make it easy to extend to fit your use cases more specifically. It's also quite easy to make this code work using a WhiteList approach if you want to go that route. The code above is semi-generic for allowing full featured HTML fragments that only disallow script related content. The Sanitize method walks through each node of the document and then recursively drills into all of its children until the entire document has been traversed. Note that the code here uses an XmlTextWriter to write output - this is done to preserve XHTML style self-closing tags which are otherwise left as non-self-closing tags. The sanitizer code scans for blacklist elements and removes those elements not allowed. Note that the blacklist is configurable either in the instance class as a property or in the static method via the string parameter list. Additionally the code goes through each element's attributes and looks for a host of rules gleaned from some of the XSS cheat sheets listed at the end of the post. Clearly there are a lot more XSS vulnerabilities, but a lot of them apply to ancient browsers (IE6 and versions of Netscape) - many of these glaring holes (like CSS expressions - WTF IE?) have been removed in modern browsers. What a Pain To be honest this is NOT a piece of code that I wanted to write. I think building anything related to XSS is better left to people who have far more knowledge of the topic than I do. Unfortunately, I was unable to find a tool that worked even closely for me, or even provided a working base. For the project I was working on I had no choice and I'm sharing the code here merely as a base line to start with and potentially expand on for specific needs. It's sad that Microsoft Web Protection Library is currently such a train wreck - this is really something that should come from Microsoft as the systems vendor or possibly a third party that provides security tools. Luckily for my application we are dealing with a authenticated and validated users so the user base is fairly well known, and relatively small - this is not a wide open Internet application that's directly public facing. As I mentioned earlier in the post, if I had my way I would simply not allow this type of raw HTML input in the first place, and instead rely on a more controlled HTML input mechanism like MarkDown or even a good HTML Edit control that can provide some limits on what types of input are allowed. Alas in this case I was overridden and we had to go forward and allow *any* raw HTML posted. Sometimes I really feel sad that it's come this far - how many good applications and tools have been thwarted by fear of XSS (or worse) attacks? So many things that could be done *if* we had a more secure browser experience and didn't have to deal with every little script twerp trying to hack into Web pages and obscure browser bugs. So much time wasted building secure apps, so much time wasted by others trying to hack apps… We're a funny species - no other species manages to waste as much time, effort and resources as we humans do :-) Resources Code on GitHub Html Agility Pack XSS Cheat Sheet XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet Microsoft Web Protection Library (AntiXss) StackOverflow Links: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/341872/html-sanitizer-for-net http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2008/06/safe-html-and-xss/ http://code.google.com/p/subsonicforums/source/browse/trunk/SubSonic.Forums.Data/HtmlScrubber.cs?r=61© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Security  HTML  ASP.NET  JavaScript   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Using JSON.NET for dynamic JSON parsing

    - by Rick Strahl
    With the release of ASP.NET Web API as part of .NET 4.5 and MVC 4.0, JSON.NET has effectively pushed out the .NET native serializers to become the default serializer for Web API. JSON.NET is vastly more flexible than the built in DataContractJsonSerializer or the older JavaScript serializer. The DataContractSerializer in particular has been very problematic in the past because it can't deal with untyped objects for serialization - like values of type object, or anonymous types which are quite common these days. The JavaScript Serializer that came before it actually does support non-typed objects for serialization but it can't do anything with untyped data coming in from JavaScript and it's overall model of extensibility was pretty limited (JavaScript Serializer is what MVC uses for JSON responses). JSON.NET provides a robust JSON serializer that has both high level and low level components, supports binary JSON, JSON contracts, Xml to JSON conversion, LINQ to JSON and many, many more features than either of the built in serializers. ASP.NET Web API now uses JSON.NET as its default serializer and is now pulled in as a NuGet dependency into Web API projects, which is great. Dynamic JSON Parsing One of the features that I think is getting ever more important is the ability to serialize and deserialize arbitrary JSON content dynamically - that is without mapping the JSON captured directly into a .NET type as DataContractSerializer or the JavaScript Serializers do. Sometimes it isn't possible to map types due to the differences in languages (think collections, dictionaries etc), and other times you simply don't have the structures in place or don't want to create them to actually import the data. If this topic sounds familiar - you're right! I wrote about dynamic JSON parsing a few months back before JSON.NET was added to Web API and when Web API and the System.Net HttpClient libraries included the System.Json classes like JsonObject and JsonArray. With the inclusion of JSON.NET in Web API these classes are now obsolete and didn't ship with Web API or the client libraries. I re-linked my original post to this one. In this post I'll discus JToken, JObject and JArray which are the dynamic JSON objects that make it very easy to create and retrieve JSON content on the fly without underlying types. Why Dynamic JSON? So, why Dynamic JSON parsing rather than strongly typed parsing? Since applications are interacting more and more with third party services it becomes ever more important to have easy access to those services with easy JSON parsing. Sometimes it just makes lot of sense to pull just a small amount of data out of large JSON document received from a service, because the third party service isn't directly related to your application's logic most of the time - and it makes little sense to map the entire service structure in your application. For example, recently I worked with the Google Maps Places API to return information about businesses close to me (or rather the app's) location. The Google API returns a ton of information that my application had no interest in - all I needed was few values out of the data. Dynamic JSON parsing makes it possible to map this data, without having to map the entire API to a C# data structure. Instead I could pull out the three or four values I needed from the API and directly store it on my business entities that needed to receive the data - no need to map the entire Maps API structure. Getting JSON.NET The easiest way to use JSON.NET is to grab it via NuGet and add it as a reference to your project. You can add it to your project with: PM> Install-Package Newtonsoft.Json From the Package Manager Console or by using Manage NuGet Packages in your project References. As mentioned if you're using ASP.NET Web API or MVC 4 JSON.NET will be automatically added to your project. Alternately you can also go to the CodePlex site and download the latest version including source code: http://json.codeplex.com/ Creating JSON on the fly with JObject and JArray Let's start with creating some JSON on the fly. It's super easy to create a dynamic object structure with any of the JToken derived JSON.NET objects. The most common JToken derived classes you are likely to use are JObject and JArray. JToken implements IDynamicMetaProvider and so uses the dynamic  keyword extensively to make it intuitive to create object structures and turn them into JSON via dynamic object syntax. Here's an example of creating a music album structure with child songs using JObject for the base object and songs and JArray for the actual collection of songs:[TestMethod] public void JObjectOutputTest() { // strong typed instance var jsonObject = new JObject(); // you can explicitly add values here using class interface jsonObject.Add("Entered", DateTime.Now); // or cast to dynamic to dynamically add/read properties dynamic album = jsonObject; album.AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; album.Artist = "AC/DC"; album.YearReleased = 1976; album.Songs = new JArray() as dynamic; dynamic song = new JObject(); song.SongName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; song.SongLength = "4:11"; album.Songs.Add(song); song = new JObject(); song.SongName = "Love at First Feel"; song.SongLength = "3:10"; album.Songs.Add(song); Console.WriteLine(album.ToString()); } This produces a complete JSON structure: { "Entered": "2012-08-18T13:26:37.7137482-10:00", "AlbumName": "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", "Artist": "AC/DC", "YearReleased": 1976, "Songs": [ { "SongName": "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", "SongLength": "4:11" }, { "SongName": "Love at First Feel", "SongLength": "3:10" } ] } Notice that JSON.NET does a nice job formatting the JSON, so it's easy to read and paste into blog posts :-). JSON.NET includes a bunch of configuration options that control how JSON is generated. Typically the defaults are just fine, but you can override with the JsonSettings object for most operations. The important thing about this code is that there's no explicit type used for holding the values to serialize to JSON. Rather the JSON.NET objects are the containers that receive the data as I build up my JSON structure dynamically, simply by adding properties. This means this code can be entirely driven at runtime without compile time restraints of structure for the JSON output. Here I use JObject to create a album 'object' and immediately cast it to dynamic. JObject() is kind of similar in behavior to ExpandoObject in that it allows you to add properties by simply assigning to them. Internally, JObject values are stored in pseudo collections of key value pairs that are exposed as properties through the IDynamicMetaObject interface exposed in JSON.NET's JToken base class. For objects the syntax is very clean - you add simple typed values as properties. For objects and arrays you have to explicitly create new JObject or JArray, cast them to dynamic and then add properties and items to them. Always remember though these values are dynamic - which means no Intellisense and no compiler type checking. It's up to you to ensure that the names and values you create are accessed consistently and without typos in your code. Note that you can also access the JObject instance directly (not as dynamic) and get access to the underlying JObject type. This means you can assign properties by string, which can be useful for fully data driven JSON generation from other structures. Below you can see both styles of access next to each other:// strong type instance var jsonObject = new JObject(); // you can explicitly add values here jsonObject.Add("Entered", DateTime.Now); // expando style instance you can just 'use' properties dynamic album = jsonObject; album.AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; JContainer (the base class for JObject and JArray) is a collection so you can also iterate over the properties at runtime easily:foreach (var item in jsonObject) { Console.WriteLine(item.Key + " " + item.Value.ToString()); } The functionality of the JSON objects are very similar to .NET's ExpandObject and if you used it before, you're already familiar with how the dynamic interfaces to the JSON objects works. Importing JSON with JObject.Parse() and JArray.Parse() The JValue structure supports importing JSON via the Parse() and Load() methods which can read JSON data from a string or various streams respectively. Essentially JValue includes the core JSON parsing to turn a JSON string into a collection of JsonValue objects that can be then referenced using familiar dynamic object syntax. Here's a simple example:public void JValueParsingTest() { var jsonString = @"{""Name"":""Rick"",""Company"":""West Wind"", ""Entered"":""2012-03-16T00:03:33.245-10:00""}"; dynamic json = JValue.Parse(jsonString); // values require casting string name = json.Name; string company = json.Company; DateTime entered = json.Entered; Assert.AreEqual(name, "Rick"); Assert.AreEqual(company, "West Wind"); } The JSON string represents an object with three properties which is parsed into a JObject class and cast to dynamic. Once cast to dynamic I can then go ahead and access the object using familiar object syntax. Note that the actual values - json.Name, json.Company, json.Entered - are actually of type JToken and I have to cast them to their appropriate types first before I can do type comparisons as in the Asserts at the end of the test method. This is required because of the way that dynamic types work which can't determine the type based on the method signature of the Assert.AreEqual(object,object) method. I have to either assign the dynamic value to a variable as I did above, or explicitly cast ( (string) json.Name) in the actual method call. The JSON structure can be much more complex than this simple example. Here's another example of an array of albums serialized to JSON and then parsed through with JsonValue():[TestMethod] public void JsonArrayParsingTest() { var jsonString = @"[ { ""Id"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""AlbumName"": ""Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"", ""Artist"": ""AC/DC"", ""YearReleased"": 1976, ""Entered"": ""2012-03-16T00:13:12.2810521-10:00"", ""AlbumImageUrl"": ""http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/61kTaH-uZBL._AA115_.jpg"", ""AmazonUrl"": ""http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/…ASIN=B00008BXJ4"", ""Songs"": [ { ""AlbumId"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""SongName"": ""Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"", ""SongLength"": ""4:11"" }, { ""AlbumId"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""SongName"": ""Love at First Feel"", ""SongLength"": ""3:10"" }, { ""AlbumId"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""SongName"": ""Big Balls"", ""SongLength"": ""2:38"" } ] }, { ""Id"": ""7b919432"", ""AlbumName"": ""End of the Silence"", ""Artist"": ""Henry Rollins Band"", ""YearReleased"": 1992, ""Entered"": ""2012-03-16T00:13:12.2800521-10:00"", ""AlbumImageUrl"": ""http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51FO3rb1tuL._SL160_AA160_.jpg"", ""AmazonUrl"": ""http://www.amazon.com/End-Silence-Rollins-Band/dp/B0000040OX/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&qid=1302232195&sr=8-5"", ""Songs"": [ { ""AlbumId"": ""7b919432"", ""SongName"": ""Low Self Opinion"", ""SongLength"": ""5:24"" }, { ""AlbumId"": ""7b919432"", ""SongName"": ""Grip"", ""SongLength"": ""4:51"" } ] } ]"; JArray jsonVal = JArray.Parse(jsonString) as JArray; dynamic albums = jsonVal; foreach (dynamic album in albums) { Console.WriteLine(album.AlbumName + " (" + album.YearReleased.ToString() + ")"); foreach (dynamic song in album.Songs) { Console.WriteLine("\t" + song.SongName); } } Console.WriteLine(albums[0].AlbumName); Console.WriteLine(albums[0].Songs[1].SongName); } JObject and JArray in ASP.NET Web API Of course these types also work in ASP.NET Web API controller methods. If you want you can accept parameters using these object or return them back to the server. The following contrived example receives dynamic JSON input, and then creates a new dynamic JSON object and returns it based on data from the first:[HttpPost] public JObject PostAlbumJObject(JObject jAlbum) { // dynamic input from inbound JSON dynamic album = jAlbum; // create a new JSON object to write out dynamic newAlbum = new JObject(); // Create properties on the new instance // with values from the first newAlbum.AlbumName = album.AlbumName + " New"; newAlbum.NewProperty = "something new"; newAlbum.Songs = new JArray(); foreach (dynamic song in album.Songs) { song.SongName = song.SongName + " New"; newAlbum.Songs.Add(song); } return newAlbum; } The raw POST request to the server looks something like this: POST http://localhost/aspnetwebapi/samples/PostAlbumJObject HTTP/1.1User-Agent: FiddlerContent-type: application/jsonHost: localhostContent-Length: 88 {AlbumName: "Dirty Deeds",Songs:[ { SongName: "Problem Child"},{ SongName: "Squealer"}]} and the output that comes back looks like this: {  "AlbumName": "Dirty Deeds New",  "NewProperty": "something new",  "Songs": [    {      "SongName": "Problem Child New"    },    {      "SongName": "Squealer New"    }  ]} The original values are echoed back with something extra appended to demonstrate that we're working with a new object. When you receive or return a JObject, JValue, JToken or JArray instance in a Web API method, Web API ignores normal content negotiation and assumes your content is going to be received and returned as JSON, so effectively the parameter and result type explicitly determines the input and output format which is nice. Dynamic to Strong Type Mapping You can also map JObject and JArray instances to a strongly typed object, so you can mix dynamic and static typing in the same piece of code. Using the 2 Album jsonString shown earlier, the code below takes an array of albums and picks out only a single album and casts that album to a static Album instance.[TestMethod] public void JsonParseToStrongTypeTest() { JArray albums = JArray.Parse(jsonString) as JArray; // pick out one album JObject jalbum = albums[0] as JObject; // Copy to a static Album instance Album album = jalbum.ToObject<Album>(); Assert.IsNotNull(album); Assert.AreEqual(album.AlbumName,jalbum.Value<string>("AlbumName")); Assert.IsTrue(album.Songs.Count > 0); } This is pretty damn useful for the scenario I mentioned earlier - you can read a large chunk of JSON and dynamically walk the property hierarchy down to the item you want to access, and then either access the specific item dynamically (as shown earlier) or map a part of the JSON to a strongly typed object. That's very powerful if you think about it - it leaves you in total control to decide what's dynamic and what's static. Strongly typed JSON Parsing With all this talk of dynamic let's not forget that JSON.NET of course also does strongly typed serialization which is drop dead easy. Here's a simple example on how to serialize and deserialize an object with JSON.NET:[TestMethod] public void StronglyTypedSerializationTest() { // Demonstrate deserialization from a raw string var album = new Album() { AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", Artist = "AC/DC", Entered = DateTime.Now, YearReleased = 1976, Songs = new List<Song>() { new Song() { SongName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", SongLength = "4:11" }, new Song() { SongName = "Love at First Feel", SongLength = "3:10" } } }; // serialize to string string json2 = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(album,Formatting.Indented); Console.WriteLine(json2); // make sure we can serialize back var album2 = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Album>(json2); Assert.IsNotNull(album2); Assert.IsTrue(album2.AlbumName == "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"); Assert.IsTrue(album2.Songs.Count == 2); } JsonConvert is a high level static class that wraps lower level functionality, but you can also use the JsonSerializer class, which allows you to serialize/parse to and from streams. It's a little more work, but gives you a bit more control. The functionality available is easy to discover with Intellisense, and that's good because there's not a lot in the way of documentation that's actually useful. Summary JSON.NET is a pretty complete JSON implementation with lots of different choices for JSON parsing from dynamic parsing to static serialization, to complex querying of JSON objects using LINQ. It's good to see this open source library getting integrated into .NET, and pushing out the old and tired stock .NET parsers so that we finally have a bit more flexibility - and extensibility - in our JSON parsing. Good to go! Resources Sample Test Project http://json.codeplex.com/© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in .NET  Web Api  AJAX   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Creating a dynamic, extensible C# Expando Object

    - by Rick Strahl
    I love dynamic functionality in a strongly typed language because it offers us the best of both worlds. In C# (or any of the main .NET languages) we now have the dynamic type that provides a host of dynamic features for the static C# language. One place where I've found dynamic to be incredibly useful is in building extensible types or types that expose traditionally non-object data (like dictionaries) in easier to use and more readable syntax. I wrote about a couple of these for accessing old school ADO.NET DataRows and DataReaders more easily for example. These classes are dynamic wrappers that provide easier syntax and auto-type conversions which greatly simplifies code clutter and increases clarity in existing code. ExpandoObject in .NET 4.0 Another great use case for dynamic objects is the ability to create extensible objects - objects that start out with a set of static members and then can add additional properties and even methods dynamically. The .NET 4.0 framework actually includes an ExpandoObject class which provides a very dynamic object that allows you to add properties and methods on the fly and then access them again. For example with ExpandoObject you can do stuff like this:dynamic expand = new ExpandoObject(); expand.Name = "Rick"; expand.HelloWorld = (Func<string, string>) ((string name) => { return "Hello " + name; }); Console.WriteLine(expand.Name); Console.WriteLine(expand.HelloWorld("Dufus")); Internally ExpandoObject uses a Dictionary like structure and interface to store properties and methods and then allows you to add and access properties and methods easily. As cool as ExpandoObject is it has a few shortcomings too: It's a sealed type so you can't use it as a base class It only works off 'properties' in the internal Dictionary - you can't expose existing type data It doesn't serialize to XML or with DataContractSerializer/DataContractJsonSerializer Expando - A truly extensible Object ExpandoObject is nice if you just need a dynamic container for a dictionary like structure. However, if you want to build an extensible object that starts out with a set of strongly typed properties and then allows you to extend it, ExpandoObject does not work because it's a sealed class that can't be inherited. I started thinking about this very scenario for one of my applications I'm building for a customer. In this system we are connecting to various different user stores. Each user store has the same basic requirements for username, password, name etc. But then each store also has a number of extended properties that is available to each application. In the real world scenario the data is loaded from the database in a data reader and the known properties are assigned from the known fields in the database. All unknown fields are then 'added' to the expando object dynamically. In the past I've done this very thing with a separate property - Properties - just like I do for this class. But the property and dictionary syntax is not ideal and tedious to work with. I started thinking about how to represent these extra property structures. One way certainly would be to add a Dictionary, or an ExpandoObject to hold all those extra properties. But wouldn't it be nice if the application could actually extend an existing object that looks something like this as you can with the Expando object:public class User : Westwind.Utilities.Dynamic.Expando { public string Email { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public bool Active { get; set; } public DateTime? ExpiresOn { get; set; } } and then simply start extending the properties of this object dynamically? Using the Expando object I describe later you can now do the following:[TestMethod] public void UserExampleTest() { var user = new User(); // Set strongly typed properties user.Email = "[email protected]"; user.Password = "nonya123"; user.Name = "Rickochet"; user.Active = true; // Now add dynamic properties dynamic duser = user; duser.Entered = DateTime.Now; duser.Accesses = 1; // you can also add dynamic props via indexer user["NickName"] = "AntiSocialX"; duser["WebSite"] = "http://www.west-wind.com/weblog"; // Access strong type through dynamic ref Assert.AreEqual(user.Name,duser.Name); // Access strong type through indexer Assert.AreEqual(user.Password,user["Password"]); // access dyanmically added value through indexer Assert.AreEqual(duser.Entered,user["Entered"]); // access index added value through dynamic Assert.AreEqual(user["NickName"],duser.NickName); // loop through all properties dynamic AND strong type properties (true) foreach (var prop in user.GetProperties(true)) { object val = prop.Value; if (val == null) val = "null"; Console.WriteLine(prop.Key + ": " + val.ToString()); } } As you can see this code somewhat blurs the line between a static and dynamic type. You start with a strongly typed object that has a fixed set of properties. You can then cast the object to dynamic (as I discussed in my last post) and add additional properties to the object. You can also use an indexer to add dynamic properties to the object. To access the strongly typed properties you can use either the strongly typed instance, the indexer or the dynamic cast of the object. Personally I think it's kinda cool to have an easy way to access strongly typed properties by string which can make some data scenarios much easier. To access the 'dynamically added' properties you can use either the indexer on the strongly typed object, or property syntax on the dynamic cast. Using the dynamic type allows all three modes to work on both strongly typed and dynamic properties. Finally you can iterate over all properties, both dynamic and strongly typed if you chose. Lots of flexibility. Note also that by default the Expando object works against the (this) instance meaning it extends the current object. You can also pass in a separate instance to the constructor in which case that object will be used to iterate over to find properties rather than this. Using this approach provides some really interesting functionality when use the dynamic type. To use this we have to add an explicit constructor to the Expando subclass:public class User : Westwind.Utilities.Dynamic.Expando { public string Email { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public bool Active { get; set; } public DateTime? ExpiresOn { get; set; } public User() : base() { } // only required if you want to mix in seperate instance public User(object instance) : base(instance) { } } to allow the instance to be passed. When you do you can now do:[TestMethod] public void ExpandoMixinTest() { // have Expando work on Addresses var user = new User( new Address() ); // cast to dynamicAccessToPropertyTest dynamic duser = user; // Set strongly typed properties duser.Email = "[email protected]"; user.Password = "nonya123"; // Set properties on address object duser.Address = "32 Kaiea"; //duser.Phone = "808-123-2131"; // set dynamic properties duser.NonExistantProperty = "This works too"; // shows default value Address.Phone value Console.WriteLine(duser.Phone); } Using the dynamic cast in this case allows you to access *three* different 'objects': The strong type properties, the dynamically added properties in the dictionary and the properties of the instance passed in! Effectively this gives you a way to simulate multiple inheritance (which is scary - so be very careful with this, but you can do it). How Expando works Behind the scenes Expando is a DynamicObject subclass as I discussed in my last post. By implementing a few of DynamicObject's methods you can basically create a type that can trap 'property missing' and 'method missing' operations. When you access a non-existant property a known method is fired that our code can intercept and provide a value for. Internally Expando uses a custom dictionary implementation to hold the dynamic properties you might add to your expandable object. Let's look at code first. The code for the Expando type is straight forward and given what it provides relatively short. Here it is.using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Dynamic; using System.Reflection; namespace Westwind.Utilities.Dynamic { /// <summary> /// Class that provides extensible properties and methods. This /// dynamic object stores 'extra' properties in a dictionary or /// checks the actual properties of the instance. /// /// This means you can subclass this expando and retrieve either /// native properties or properties from values in the dictionary. /// /// This type allows you three ways to access its properties: /// /// Directly: any explicitly declared properties are accessible /// Dynamic: dynamic cast allows access to dictionary and native properties/methods /// Dictionary: Any of the extended properties are accessible via IDictionary interface /// </summary> [Serializable] public class Expando : DynamicObject, IDynamicMetaObjectProvider { /// <summary> /// Instance of object passed in /// </summary> object Instance; /// <summary> /// Cached type of the instance /// </summary> Type InstanceType; PropertyInfo[] InstancePropertyInfo { get { if (_InstancePropertyInfo == null && Instance != null) _InstancePropertyInfo = Instance.GetType().GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly); return _InstancePropertyInfo; } } PropertyInfo[] _InstancePropertyInfo; /// <summary> /// String Dictionary that contains the extra dynamic values /// stored on this object/instance /// </summary> /// <remarks>Using PropertyBag to support XML Serialization of the dictionary</remarks> public PropertyBag Properties = new PropertyBag(); //public Dictionary<string,object> Properties = new Dictionary<string, object>(); /// <summary> /// This constructor just works off the internal dictionary and any /// public properties of this object. /// /// Note you can subclass Expando. /// </summary> public Expando() { Initialize(this); } /// <summary> /// Allows passing in an existing instance variable to 'extend'. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// You can pass in null here if you don't want to /// check native properties and only check the Dictionary! /// </remarks> /// <param name="instance"></param> public Expando(object instance) { Initialize(instance); } protected virtual void Initialize(object instance) { Instance = instance; if (instance != null) InstanceType = instance.GetType(); } /// <summary> /// Try to retrieve a member by name first from instance properties /// followed by the collection entries. /// </summary> /// <param name="binder"></param> /// <param name="result"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result) { result = null; // first check the Properties collection for member if (Properties.Keys.Contains(binder.Name)) { result = Properties[binder.Name]; return true; } // Next check for Public properties via Reflection if (Instance != null) { try { return GetProperty(Instance, binder.Name, out result); } catch { } } // failed to retrieve a property result = null; return false; } /// <summary> /// Property setter implementation tries to retrieve value from instance /// first then into this object /// </summary> /// <param name="binder"></param> /// <param name="value"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override bool TrySetMember(SetMemberBinder binder, object value) { // first check to see if there's a native property to set if (Instance != null) { try { bool result = SetProperty(Instance, binder.Name, value); if (result) return true; } catch { } } // no match - set or add to dictionary Properties[binder.Name] = value; return true; } /// <summary> /// Dynamic invocation method. Currently allows only for Reflection based /// operation (no ability to add methods dynamically). /// </summary> /// <param name="binder"></param> /// <param name="args"></param> /// <param name="result"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override bool TryInvokeMember(InvokeMemberBinder binder, object[] args, out object result) { if (Instance != null) { try { // check instance passed in for methods to invoke if (InvokeMethod(Instance, binder.Name, args, out result)) return true; } catch { } } result = null; return false; } /// <summary> /// Reflection Helper method to retrieve a property /// </summary> /// <param name="instance"></param> /// <param name="name"></param> /// <param name="result"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected bool GetProperty(object instance, string name, out object result) { if (instance == null) instance = this; var miArray = InstanceType.GetMember(name, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.GetProperty | BindingFlags.Instance); if (miArray != null && miArray.Length > 0) { var mi = miArray[0]; if (mi.MemberType == MemberTypes.Property) { result = ((PropertyInfo)mi).GetValue(instance,null); return true; } } result = null; return false; } /// <summary> /// Reflection helper method to set a property value /// </summary> /// <param name="instance"></param> /// <param name="name"></param> /// <param name="value"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected bool SetProperty(object instance, string name, object value) { if (instance == null) instance = this; var miArray = InstanceType.GetMember(name, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.SetProperty | BindingFlags.Instance); if (miArray != null && miArray.Length > 0) { var mi = miArray[0]; if (mi.MemberType == MemberTypes.Property) { ((PropertyInfo)mi).SetValue(Instance, value, null); return true; } } return false; } /// <summary> /// Reflection helper method to invoke a method /// </summary> /// <param name="instance"></param> /// <param name="name"></param> /// <param name="args"></param> /// <param name="result"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected bool InvokeMethod(object instance, string name, object[] args, out object result) { if (instance == null) instance = this; // Look at the instanceType var miArray = InstanceType.GetMember(name, BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance); if (miArray != null && miArray.Length > 0) { var mi = miArray[0] as MethodInfo; result = mi.Invoke(Instance, args); return true; } result = null; return false; } /// <summary> /// Convenience method that provides a string Indexer /// to the Properties collection AND the strongly typed /// properties of the object by name. /// /// // dynamic /// exp["Address"] = "112 nowhere lane"; /// // strong /// var name = exp["StronglyTypedProperty"] as string; /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// The getter checks the Properties dictionary first /// then looks in PropertyInfo for properties. /// The setter checks the instance properties before /// checking the Properties dictionary. /// </remarks> /// <param name="key"></param> /// /// <returns></returns> public object this[string key] { get { try { // try to get from properties collection first return Properties[key]; } catch (KeyNotFoundException ex) { // try reflection on instanceType object result = null; if (GetProperty(Instance, key, out result)) return result; // nope doesn't exist throw; } } set { if (Properties.ContainsKey(key)) { Properties[key] = value; return; } // check instance for existance of type first var miArray = InstanceType.GetMember(key, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.GetProperty); if (miArray != null && miArray.Length > 0) SetProperty(Instance, key, value); else Properties[key] = value; } } /// <summary> /// Returns and the properties of /// </summary> /// <param name="includeProperties"></param> /// <returns></returns> public IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string,object>> GetProperties(bool includeInstanceProperties = false) { if (includeInstanceProperties && Instance != null) { foreach (var prop in this.InstancePropertyInfo) yield return new KeyValuePair<string, object>(prop.Name, prop.GetValue(Instance, null)); } foreach (var key in this.Properties.Keys) yield return new KeyValuePair<string, object>(key, this.Properties[key]); } /// <summary> /// Checks whether a property exists in the Property collection /// or as a property on the instance /// </summary> /// <param name="item"></param> /// <returns></returns> public bool Contains(KeyValuePair<string, object> item, bool includeInstanceProperties = false) { bool res = Properties.ContainsKey(item.Key); if (res) return true; if (includeInstanceProperties && Instance != null) { foreach (var prop in this.InstancePropertyInfo) { if (prop.Name == item.Key) return true; } } return false; } } } Although the Expando class supports an indexer, it doesn't actually implement IDictionary or even IEnumerable. It only provides the indexer and Contains() and GetProperties() methods, that work against the Properties dictionary AND the internal instance. The reason for not implementing IDictionary is that a) it doesn't add much value since you can access the Properties dictionary directly and that b) I wanted to keep the interface to class very lean so that it can serve as an entity type if desired. Implementing these IDictionary (or even IEnumerable) causes LINQ extension methods to pop up on the type which obscures the property interface and would only confuse the purpose of the type. IDictionary and IEnumerable are also problematic for XML and JSON Serialization - the XML Serializer doesn't serialize IDictionary<string,object>, nor does the DataContractSerializer. The JavaScriptSerializer does serialize, but it treats the entire object like a dictionary and doesn't serialize the strongly typed properties of the type, only the dictionary values which is also not desirable. Hence the decision to stick with only implementing the indexer to support the user["CustomProperty"] functionality and leaving iteration functions to the publicly exposed Properties dictionary. Note that the Dictionary used here is a custom PropertyBag class I created to allow for serialization to work. One important aspect for my apps is that whatever custom properties get added they have to be accessible to AJAX clients since the particular app I'm working on is a SIngle Page Web app where most of the Web access is through JSON AJAX calls. PropertyBag can serialize to XML and one way serialize to JSON using the JavaScript serializer (not the DCS serializers though). The key components that make Expando work in this code are the Properties Dictionary and the TryGetMember() and TrySetMember() methods. The Properties collection is public so if you choose you can explicitly access the collection to get better performance or to manipulate the members in internal code (like loading up dynamic values form a database). Notice that TryGetMember() and TrySetMember() both work against the dictionary AND the internal instance to retrieve and set properties. This means that user["Name"] works against native properties of the object as does user["Name"] = "RogaDugDog". What's your Use Case? This is still an early prototype but I've plugged it into one of my customer's applications and so far it's working very well. The key features for me were the ability to easily extend the type with values coming from a database and exposing those values in a nice and easy to use manner. I'm also finding that using this type of object for ViewModels works very well to add custom properties to view models. I suspect there will be lots of uses for this - I've been using the extra dictionary approach to extensibility for years - using a dynamic type to make the syntax cleaner is just a bonus here. What can you think of to use this for? Resources Source Code and Tests (GitHub) Also integrated in Westwind.Utilities of the West Wind Web Toolkit West Wind Utilities NuGet© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in CSharp  .NET  Dynamic Types   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • NoSQL with RavenDB and ASP.NET MVC - Part 1

    - by shiju
     A while back, I have blogged NoSQL with MongoDB, NoRM and ASP.NET MVC Part 1 and Part 2 on how to use MongoDB with an ASP.NET MVC application. The NoSQL movement is getting big attention and RavenDB is the latest addition to the NoSQL and document database world. RavenDB is an Open Source (with a commercial option) document database for the .NET/Windows platform developed  by Ayende Rahien.  Raven stores schema-less JSON documents, allow you to define indexes using Linq queries and focus on low latency and high performance. RavenDB is .NET focused document database which comes with a fully functional .NET client API  and supports LINQ. RavenDB comes with two components, a server and a client API. RavenDB is a REST based system, so you can write your own HTTP cleint API. As a .NET developer, RavenDB is becoming my favorite document database. Unlike other document databases, RavenDB is supports transactions using System.Transactions. Also it's supports both embedded and server mode of database. You can access RavenDB site at http://ravendb.netA demo App with ASP.NET MVCLet's create a simple demo app with RavenDB and ASP.NET MVC. To work with RavenDB, do the following steps. Go to http://ravendb.net/download and download the latest build.Unzip the downloaded file.Go to the /Server directory and run the RavenDB.exe. This will start the RavenDB server listening on localhost:8080You can change the port of RavenDB  by modifying the "Raven/Port" appSetting value in the RavenDB.exe.config file.When running the RavenDB, it will automatically create a database in the /Data directory. You can change the directory name data by modifying "Raven/DataDirt" appSetting value in the RavenDB.exe.config file.RavenDB provides a browser based admin tool. When the Raven server is running, You can be access the browser based admin tool and view and edit documents and index using your browser admin tool. The web admin tool available at http://localhost:8080The below is the some screen shots of web admin tool     Working with ASP.NET MVC  To working with RavenDB in our demo ASP.NET MVC application, do the following steps Step 1 - Add reference to Raven Cleint API In our ASP.NET MVC application, Add a reference to the Raven.Client.Lightweight.dll from the Client directory. Step 2 - Create DocumentStoreThe document store would be created once per application. Let's create a DocumentStore on application start-up in the Global.asax.cs. documentStore = new DocumentStore { Url = "http://localhost:8080/" }; documentStore.Initialise(); The above code will create a Raven DB document store and will be listening the server locahost at port 8080    Step 3 - Create DocumentSession on BeginRequest   Let's create a DocumentSession on BeginRequest event in the Global.asax.cs. We are using the document session for every unit of work. In our demo app, every HTTP request would be a single Unit of Work (UoW). BeginRequest += (sender, args) =>   HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey] = documentStore.OpenSession(); Step 4 - Destroy the DocumentSession on EndRequest  EndRequest += (o, eventArgs) => {     var disposable = HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey] as IDisposable;     if (disposable != null)         disposable.Dispose(); };  At the end of HTTP request, we are destroying the DocumentSession  object.The below  code block shown all the code in the Global.asax.cs  private const string RavenSessionKey = "RavenMVC.Session"; private static DocumentStore documentStore;   protected void Application_Start() { //Create a DocumentStore in Application_Start //DocumentStore should be created once per application and stored as a singleton. documentStore = new DocumentStore { Url = "http://localhost:8080/" }; documentStore.Initialise(); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); //DI using Unity 2.0 ConfigureUnity(); }   public MvcApplication() { //Create a DocumentSession on BeginRequest   //create a document session for every unit of work BeginRequest += (sender, args) =>     HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey] = documentStore.OpenSession(); //Destroy the DocumentSession on EndRequest EndRequest += (o, eventArgs) => { var disposable = HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey] as IDisposable; if (disposable != null) disposable.Dispose(); }; }   //Getting the current DocumentSession public static IDocumentSession CurrentSession {   get { return (IDocumentSession)HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey]; } }  We have setup all necessary code in the Global.asax.cs for working with RavenDB. For our demo app, Let’s write a domain class  public class Category {       public string Id { get; set; }       [Required(ErrorMessage = "Name Required")]     [StringLength(25, ErrorMessage = "Must be less than 25 characters")]     public string Name { get; set;}     public string Description { get; set; }   } We have created simple domain entity Category. Let's create repository class for performing CRUD operations against our domain entity Category.  public interface ICategoryRepository {     Category Load(string id);     IEnumerable<Category> GetCategories();     void Save(Category category);     void Delete(string id);       }    public class CategoryRepository : ICategoryRepository {     private IDocumentSession session;     public CategoryRepository()     {             session = MvcApplication.CurrentSession;     }     //Load category based on Id     public Category Load(string id)     {         return session.Load<Category>(id);     }     //Get all categories     public IEnumerable<Category> GetCategories()     {         var categories= session.LuceneQuery<Category>()                 .WaitForNonStaleResults()             .ToArray();         return categories;       }     //Insert/Update category     public void Save(Category category)     {         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(category.Id))         {             //insert new record             session.Store(category);         }         else         {             //edit record             var categoryToEdit = Load(category.Id);             categoryToEdit.Name = category.Name;             categoryToEdit.Description = category.Description;         }         //save the document session         session.SaveChanges();     }     //delete a category     public void Delete(string id)     {         var category = Load(id);         session.Delete<Category>(category);         session.SaveChanges();     }        } For every CRUD operations, we are taking the current document session object from HttpContext object. session = MvcApplication.CurrentSession; We are calling the static method CurrentSession from the Global.asax.cs public static IDocumentSession CurrentSession {     get { return (IDocumentSession)HttpContext.Current.Items[RavenSessionKey]; } }  Retrieve Entities  The Load method get the single Category object based on the Id. RavenDB is working based on the REST principles and the Id would be like categories/1. The Id would be created by automatically when a new object is inserted to the document store. The REST uri categories/1 represents a single category object with Id representation of 1.   public Category Load(string id) {    return session.Load<Category>(id); } The GetCategories method returns all the categories calling the session.LuceneQuery method. RavenDB is using a lucen query syntax for querying. I will explain more details about querying and indexing in my future posts.   public IEnumerable<Category> GetCategories() {     var categories= session.LuceneQuery<Category>()             .WaitForNonStaleResults()         .ToArray();     return categories;   } Insert/Update entityFor insert/Update a Category entity, we have created Save method in repository class. If  the Id property of Category is null, we call Store method of Documentsession for insert a new record. For editing a existing record, we load the Category object and assign the values to the loaded Category object. The session.SaveChanges() will save the changes to document store.  //Insert/Update category public void Save(Category category) {     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(category.Id))     {         //insert new record         session.Store(category);     }     else     {         //edit record         var categoryToEdit = Load(category.Id);         categoryToEdit.Name = category.Name;         categoryToEdit.Description = category.Description;     }     //save the document session     session.SaveChanges(); }  Delete Entity  In the Delete method, we call the document session's delete method and call the SaveChanges method to reflect changes in the document store.  public void Delete(string id) {     var category = Load(id);     session.Delete<Category>(category);     session.SaveChanges(); }  Let’s create ASP.NET MVC controller and controller actions for handling CRUD operations for the domain class Category  public class CategoryController : Controller { private ICategoryRepository categoyRepository; //DI enabled constructor public CategoryController(ICategoryRepository categoyRepository) {     this.categoyRepository = categoyRepository; } public ActionResult Index() {         var categories = categoyRepository.GetCategories();     if (categories == null)         return RedirectToAction("Create");     return View(categories); }   [HttpGet] public ActionResult Edit(string id) {     var category = categoyRepository.Load(id);         return View("Save",category); } // GET: /Category/Create [HttpGet] public ActionResult Create() {     var category = new Category();     return View("Save", category); } [HttpPost] public ActionResult Save(Category category) {     if (!ModelState.IsValid)     {         return View("Save", category);     }           categoyRepository.Save(category);         return RedirectToAction("Index");     }        [HttpPost] public ActionResult Delete(string id) {     categoyRepository.Delete(id);     var categories = categoyRepository.GetCategories();     return PartialView("CategoryList", categories);      }        }  RavenDB is an awesome document database and I hope that it will be the winner in .NET space of document database world.  The source code of demo application available at http://ravenmvc.codeplex.com/

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  • Content Management for WebCenter Installation Guide

    - by Gary Niu
    Overvew As we known, there are two way to install Content Management for WebCenter. One way is install it by WebCenter installer wizard, another way is to install it use their own installer. This guide is for the later one. For SSO purpose, I also mentioned how to config OID identity store for Content Management for WebCenter. Content Management for WebCenter( 10.1.3.5.1) Oracle Enterprise Linux R5U4 Basic Installation -bash-3.2$ ./setup.sh Please select your locale from the list.           1. Chinese-Simplified           2. Chinese-Traditional           3. Deutsch          *4. English-US           5. English-UK           6. Español           7. Français           8. Italiano           9. Japanese          10. Korean          11. Nederlands          12. Português-Brazil Choice? Throughout the install, when entering a text value, you can press Enter to accept the default that appears between square brackets ([]). When selecting from a list, you can select the choice followed by an asterisk by pressing Enter. Select installation type from the list.         *1. Install new server          2. Update a server Choice? Content Server Installation Directory Please enter the full pathname to the installation directory. Content Server Core Folder [/oracle/ucm/server]:/opt/oracle/ucm/server Create Directory         *1. yes          2. no Choice? Java virtual machine         *1. Sun Java 1.5.0_11 JDK          2. Specify a custom Java virtual machine Choice? Installing with Java version 1.5.0_11. Enter the location of the native file repository. This directory contains the native files checked in by contributors. Content Server Native Vault Folder [/opt/oracle/ucm/server/vault/]: Create Directory         *1. yes          2. no Choice? Enter the location of the web-viewable file repository. This directory contains files that can be accessed through the web server. Content Server Weblayout Folder [/opt/oracle/ucm/server/weblayout/]: Create Directory         *1. yes          2. no Choice? This server can be configured to manage its own authentication or to allow another master to act as an authentication proxy. Configure this server as a master or proxied server.         *1. Configure as a master server.          2. Configure as server proxied by a local master server. Choice? During installation, an admin server can be installed and configured to manage this server. If there is already an admin server on this system, you can have the installer configure it to administrate this server instead. Select admin server configuration.         *1. Install an admin server to manage this server.          2. Configure an existing admin server to manage this server.          3. Don't configure an admin server. Choice? Enter the location of an executable to start your web browser. This browser will be used to display the online help. Web Browser Path [/usr/bin/firefox]: Content Server System locale           1. Chinese-Simplified           2. Chinese-Traditional           3. Deutsch          *4. English-US           5. English-UK           6. Español           7. Français           8. Italiano           9. Japanese          10. Korean          11. Nederlands          12. Português-Brazil Choice? Please select the region for your timezone from the list.         *1. Use the timezone setting for your operating system          2. Pacific          3. America          4. Atlantic          5. Europe          6. Africa          7. Asia          8. Indian          9. Australia Choice? Please enter the port number that will be used to connect to the Content Server. This port must be otherwise unused. Content Server Port [4444]: Please enter the port number that will be used to connect to the Admin Server. This port must be otherwise unused. Admin Server Port [4440]: Enter a security filter for the server port. Hosts which are allowed to communicate directly with the server port may access any resources managed by the server. Insure that hosts which need access are included in the filter. See the installation guide for more details. Incoming connection address filter [127.0.0.1]:*.*.*.* *** Content Server URL Prefix The URL prefix specified here is used when generating HTML pages that refer to the contents of the weblayout directory within the installation. This prefix must be mapped in the web server Additional Document Directories section of the Content Management administration menu to the physical location of the weblayout directory. For example, "/idc/" would be used in your installation to refer to the URL http://ucm.company.com/idc which would be mapped in the web server to the physical location /oracle/ucm/server/weblayout. Web Server Relative Root [/idc/]: Enter the name of the local mail server. The server will contact this system to deliver email. Company Mail Server [mail]: Enter the e-mail address for the system administrator. Administrator E-Mail Address [sysadmin@mail]: *** Web Server Address Many generated HTML pages refer to the web server you are using. The address specified here will be used when generating those pages. The address should include the host and domain name in most cases. If your webserver is running on a port other than 80, append a colon and the port number. Examples: www.company.com, ucm.company.com:90 Web Server HTTP Address [yekki]:yekki.cn.oracle.com:7777 Enter the name for this instance. This name should be unique across your entire enterprise. It may not contain characters other than letters, numbers, and underscores. Server Instance Name [idc]: Enter a short label for this instance. This label is used on web pages to identify this instance. It should be less than 12 characters long. Server Instance Label [idc]: Enter a long description for this instance. Server Description [Content Server idc]: Web Server         *1. Apache          2. Sun ONE          3. Configure manually Choice? Please select a database from the list below to use with the Content Server. Content Server Database         *1. Oracle          2. Microsoft SQL Server 2005          3. Microsoft SQL Server 2000          4. Sybase          5. DB2          6. Custom JDBC settings          7. Skip database configuration Choice? Manually configure JDBC settings for this database          1. yes         *2. no Choice? Oracle Server Hostname [localhost]: Oracle Listener Port Number [1521]: *** Database User ID The user name is used to log into the database used by the content server. Oracle User [user]:YEKKI_OCSERVER *** Database Password The password is used to log into the database used by the content server. Oracle Password []:oracle Oracle Instance Name [ORACLE]:orcl Configure the JVM to find the JDBC driver in a specific jar file          1. yes         *2. no Choice? The installer can attempt to create the database tables or you can manually create them. If you choose to manually create the tables, you should create them now. Attempt to create database tables          1. yes         *2. no Choice? Select components to install.          1. ContentFolios: Collect related items in folios          2. Folders_g: Organize content into hierarchical folders          3. LinkManager8: Hypertext link management support          4. OracleTextSearch: External Oracle 11g database as search indexer support          5. ThreadedDiscussions: Threaded discussion management Enter numbers separated by commas to toggle, 0 to unselect all, F to finish: 1,2,3,4,5         *1. ContentFolios: Collect related items in folios         *2. Folders_g: Organize content into hierarchical folders         *3. LinkManager8: Hypertext link management support         *4. OracleTextSearch: External Oracle 11g database as search indexer support         *5. ThreadedDiscussions: Threaded discussion management Enter numbers separated by commas to toggle, 0 to unselect all, F to finish: F Checking configuration. . . Configuration OK. Review install settings. . . Content Server Core Folder: /opt/oracle/ucm/server Java virtual machine: Sun Java 1.5.0_11 JDK Content Server Native Vault Folder: /opt/oracle/ucm/server/vault/ Content Server Weblayout Folder: /opt/oracle/ucm/server/weblayout/ Proxy authentication through another server: no Install admin server: yes Web Browser Path: /usr/bin/firefox Content Server System locale: English-US Content Server Port: 4444 Admin Server Port: 4440 Incoming connection address filter: *.*.*.* Web Server Relative Root: /idc/ Company Mail Server: mail Administrator E-Mail Address: sysadmin@mail Web Server HTTP Address: yekki.cn.oracle.com:7777 Server Instance Name: idc Server Instance Label: idc Server Description: Content Server idc Web Server: Apache Content Server Database: Oracle Manually configure JDBC settings for this database: false Oracle Server Hostname: localhost Oracle Listener Port Number: 1521 Oracle User: YEKKI_OCSERVER Oracle Password: 6GP1gBgzSyKa4JW10U8UqqPznr/lzkNn/Ojf6M8GJ8I= Oracle Instance Name: orcl Configure the JVM to find the JDBC driver in a specific jar file: false Attempt to create database tables: no Components: ContentFolios,Folders_g,LinkManager8,OracleTextSearch,ThreadedDiscussions Proceed with install         *1. Proceed          2. Change configuration          3. Recheck the configuration          4. Abort installation Choice? Finished install type Install with warnings at 4/2/10 12:32 AM. Run Scripts -bash-3.2$ ./wc_contentserverconfig.sh /opt/oracle/ucm/server /mnt/hgfs/SOFTWARE/ofm_ucm_generic_10.1.3.5.1_disk1_1of1/ContentServer/webcenter-conf Installing '/mnt/hgfs/SOFTWARE/ofm_ucm_generic_10.1.3.5.1_disk1_1of1/ContentServer/webcenter-conf/CS10gR35UpdateBundle.zip' Service 'DELETE_DOC' Extended Service 'DELETE_BYREV_REVISION' Extended Installing '/mnt/hgfs/SOFTWARE/ofm_ucm_generic_10.1.3.5.1_disk1_1of1/ContentServer/webcenter-conf/ContentAccess/ContentAccess-linux.zip' (internal)      04.02 00:40:38.019      main    updateDocMetaDefinitionV11: adding decimal column Installing '/opt/oracle/ucm/server/custom/CS10gR35UpdateBundle/extras/Folders_g.zip' Installing '/opt/oracle/ucm/server/custom/CS10gR35UpdateBundle/extras/FusionLibraries.zip' Installing '/opt/oracle/ucm/server/custom/CS10gR35UpdateBundle/extras/JpsUserProvider.zip' Installing '/mnt/hgfs/SOFTWARE/ofm_ucm_generic_10.1.3.5.1_disk1_1of1/ContentServer/webcenter-conf/WcConfigure.zip' Apr 2, 2010 12:41:24 AM oracle.security.jps.internal.core.util.JpsConfigUtil getPasswordCredential WARNING: A password credential is expected; instead found . Apr 2, 2010 12:41:24 AM oracle.security.jps.internal.idstore.util.IdentityStoreUtil getUnamePwdFromCredStore WARNING: The credential with map JPS and key ldap.credential does not exist. Apr 2, 2010 12:41:27 AM oracle.security.jps.internal.core.util.JpsConfigUtil getPasswordCredential WARNING: A password credential is expected; instead found . Apr 2, 2010 12:41:27 AM oracle.security.jps.internal.idstore.util.IdentityStoreUtil getUnamePwdFromCredStore WARNING: The credential with map JPS and key ldap.credential does not exist. Apr 2, 2010 12:41:28 AM oracle.security.jps.internal.core.util.JpsConfigUtil getPasswordCredential WARNING: A password credential is expected; instead found . Apr 2, 2010 12:41:28 AM oracle.security.jps.internal.idstore.util.IdentityStoreUtil getUnamePwdFromCredStore WARNING: The credential with map JPS and key ldap.credential does not exist. Restart Content Server to apply updates. Configuring Apache Web Server append the following lines at httpd.conf: include "/opt/oracle/ucm/server/data/users/apache22/apache.conf" Configuring the Identity Store( Optional ) 1.  Stop Oracle Content Server and the Admin Server 2.  Update the Oracle Content Server's JPS configuration file, jps-config.xml: a. add a service instance <serviceInstance provider="idstore.ldap.provider" name="idstore.oid"> <property name="subscriber.name" value="dc=cn,dc=oracle,dc=com"></property> <property name="idstore.type" value="OID"></property> <property name="security.principal.key" value="ldap.credential"></property> <property name="security.principal.alias" value="JPS"></property> <property name="ldap.url" value="ldap://yekki.cn.oracle.com:3060"></property> <extendedProperty> <name>user.search.bases</name> <values> <value>cn=users,dc=cn,dc=oracle,dc=com</value> </values> </extendedProperty> <extendedProperty> <name>group.search.bases</name> <values> <value>cn=groups,dc=cn,dc=oracle,dc=com</value> </values> </extendedProperty> <property name="username.attr" value="uid"></property> <property name="user.login.attr" value="uid"></property> <property name="groupname.attr" value="cn"></property> </serviceInstance> b. Ensure that the <jpsContext> entry in the jps-config.xml file refers to the new serviceInstance, that is, idstore.oid and not idstore.ldap: <jpsContext name="default"> <serviceInstanceRef ref="idstore.oid"/> 3. Run the new script to setup the credentials for idstore.oid in the credential store: cd CONTENT_SERVER_HOME/custom/FusionLibraries/tools -bash-3.2$ ./run_credtool.sh Buildfile: ./../tools/credtool.xml     [input] skipping input as property action has already been set.     [input] Alias: [JPS]     [input] Key: [ldap.credential]     [input] User Name: cn=orcladmin     [input] Password: welcome1     [input] JPS Config: [/opt/oracle/ucm/server/custom/FusionLibraries/tools/../../../config/jps-config.xml] manage-creds:      [echo] @@@ Help: run 'ant manage-creds' command to see the detailed usage      [java] Using default context in /opt/oracle/ucm/server/custom/FusionLibraries/tools/../../../config/jps-config.xml file for credential store.      [java] Credential store location : /opt/oracle/ucm/server/config      [java] Credential with map JPS key ldap.credential stored successfully!      [java]      [java]      [java]     Credential for map JPS and key ldap.credential is:      [java]             PasswordCredential name : cn=orcladmin      [java]             PasswordCredential password : welcome1 BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 1 minute 27 seconds Testing 1. acces http://yekki.cn.oracle.com:7777/idc 2. login in with OID user, for example: orcladmin/welcome1 3. make sure your JpsUserProvider status is "good"

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  • Announcing release of ASP.NET MVC 3, IIS Express, SQL CE 4, Web Farm Framework, Orchard, WebMatrix

    - by ScottGu
    I’m excited to announce the release today of several products: ASP.NET MVC 3 NuGet IIS Express 7.5 SQL Server Compact Edition 4 Web Deploy and Web Farm Framework 2.0 Orchard 1.0 WebMatrix 1.0 The above products are all free. They build upon the .NET 4 and VS 2010 release, and add a ton of additional value to ASP.NET (both Web Forms and MVC) and the Microsoft Web Server stack. ASP.NET MVC 3 Today we are shipping the final release of ASP.NET MVC 3.  You can download and install ASP.NET MVC 3 here.  The ASP.NET MVC 3 source code (released under an OSI-compliant open source license) can also optionally be downloaded here. ASP.NET MVC 3 is a significant update that brings with it a bunch of great features.  Some of the improvements include: Razor ASP.NET MVC 3 ships with a new view-engine option called “Razor” (in addition to continuing to support/enhance the existing .aspx view engine).  Razor minimizes the number of characters and keystrokes required when writing a view template, and enables a fast, fluid coding workflow. Unlike most template syntaxes, with Razor you do not need to interrupt your coding to explicitly denote the start and end of server blocks within your HTML. The Razor parser is smart enough to infer this from your code. This enables a compact and expressive syntax which is clean, fast and fun to type.  You can learn more about Razor from some of the blog posts I’ve done about it over the last 6 months Introducing Razor New @model keyword in Razor Layouts with Razor Server-Side Comments with Razor Razor’s @: and <text> syntax Implicit and Explicit code nuggets with Razor Layouts and Sections with Razor Today’s release supports full code intellisense support for Razor (both VB and C#) with Visual Studio 2010 and the free Visual Web Developer 2010 Express. JavaScript Improvements ASP.NET MVC 3 enables richer JavaScript scenarios and takes advantage of emerging HTML5 capabilities. The AJAX and Validation helpers in ASP.NET MVC 3 now use an Unobtrusive JavaScript based approach.  Unobtrusive JavaScript avoids injecting inline JavaScript into HTML, and enables cleaner separation of behavior using the new HTML 5 “data-“ attribute convention (which conveniently works on older browsers as well – including IE6). This keeps your HTML tight and clean, and makes it easier to optionally swap out or customize JS libraries.  ASP.NET MVC 3 now includes built-in support for posting JSON-based parameters from client-side JavaScript to action methods on the server.  This makes it easier to exchange data across the client and server, and build rich JavaScript front-ends.  We think this capability will be particularly useful going forward with scenarios involving client templates and data binding (including the jQuery plugins the ASP.NET team recently contributed to the jQuery project).  Previous releases of ASP.NET MVC included the core jQuery library.  ASP.NET MVC 3 also now ships the jQuery Validate plugin (which our validation helpers use for client-side validation scenarios).  We are also now shipping and including jQuery UI by default as well (which provides a rich set of client-side JavaScript UI widgets for you to use within projects). Improved Validation ASP.NET MVC 3 includes a bunch of validation enhancements that make it even easier to work with data. Client-side validation is now enabled by default with ASP.NET MVC 3 (using an onbtrusive javascript implementation).  Today’s release also includes built-in support for Remote Validation - which enables you to annotate a model class with a validation attribute that causes ASP.NET MVC to perform a remote validation call to a server method when validating input on the client. The validation features introduced within .NET 4’s System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace are now supported by ASP.NET MVC 3.  This includes support for the new IValidatableObject interface – which enables you to perform model-level validation, and allows you to provide validation error messages specific to the state of the overall model, or between two properties within the model.  ASP.NET MVC 3 also supports the improvements made to the ValidationAttribute class in .NET 4.  ValidationAttribute now supports a new IsValid overload that provides more information about the current validation context, such as what object is being validated.  This enables richer scenarios where you can validate the current value based on another property of the model.  We’ve shipped a built-in [Compare] validation attribute  with ASP.NET MVC 3 that uses this support and makes it easy out of the box to compare and validate two property values. You can use any data access API or technology with ASP.NET MVC.  This past year, though, we’ve worked closely with the .NET data team to ensure that the new EF Code First library works really well for ASP.NET MVC applications.  These two posts of mine cover the latest EF Code First preview and demonstrates how to use it with ASP.NET MVC 3 to enable easy editing of data (with end to end client+server validation support).  The final release of EF Code First will ship in the next few weeks. Today we are also publishing the first preview of a new MvcScaffolding project.  It enables you to easily scaffold ASP.NET MVC 3 Controllers and Views, and works great with EF Code-First (and is pluggable to support other data providers).  You can learn more about it – and install it via NuGet today - from Steve Sanderson’s MvcScaffolding blog post. Output Caching Previous releases of ASP.NET MVC supported output caching content at a URL or action-method level. With ASP.NET MVC V3 we are also enabling support for partial page output caching – which allows you to easily output cache regions or fragments of a response as opposed to the entire thing.  This ends up being super useful in a lot of scenarios, and enables you to dramatically reduce the work your application does on the server.  The new partial page output caching support in ASP.NET MVC 3 enables you to easily re-use cached sub-regions/fragments of a page across multiple URLs on a site.  It supports the ability to cache the content either on the web-server, or optionally cache it within a distributed cache server like Windows Server AppFabric or memcached. I’ll post some tutorials on my blog that show how to take advantage of ASP.NET MVC 3’s new output caching support for partial page scenarios in the future. Better Dependency Injection ASP.NET MVC 3 provides better support for applying Dependency Injection (DI) and integrating with Dependency Injection/IOC containers. With ASP.NET MVC 3 you no longer need to author custom ControllerFactory classes in order to enable DI with Controllers.  You can instead just register a Dependency Injection framework with ASP.NET MVC 3 and it will resolve dependencies not only for Controllers, but also for Views, Action Filters, Model Binders, Value Providers, Validation Providers, and Model Metadata Providers that you use within your application. This makes it much easier to cleanly integrate dependency injection within your projects. Other Goodies ASP.NET MVC 3 includes dozens of other nice improvements that help to both reduce the amount of code you write, and make the code you do write cleaner.  Here are just a few examples: Improved New Project dialog that makes it easy to start new ASP.NET MVC 3 projects from templates. Improved Add->View Scaffolding support that enables the generation of even cleaner view templates. New ViewBag property that uses .NET 4’s dynamic support to make it easy to pass late-bound data from Controllers to Views. Global Filters support that allows specifying cross-cutting filter attributes (like [HandleError]) across all Controllers within an app. New [AllowHtml] attribute that allows for more granular request validation when binding form posted data to models. Sessionless controller support that allows fine grained control over whether SessionState is enabled on a Controller. New ActionResult types like HttpNotFoundResult and RedirectPermanent for common HTTP scenarios. New Html.Raw() helper to indicate that output should not be HTML encoded. New Crypto helpers for salting and hashing passwords. And much, much more… Learn More about ASP.NET MVC 3 We will be posting lots of tutorials and samples on the http://asp.net/mvc site in the weeks ahead.  Below are two good ASP.NET MVC 3 tutorials available on the site today: Build your First ASP.NET MVC 3 Application: VB and C# Building the ASP.NET MVC 3 Music Store We’ll post additional ASP.NET MVC 3 tutorials and videos on the http://asp.net/mvc site in the future. Visit it regularly to find new tutorials as they are published. How to Upgrade Existing Projects ASP.NET MVC 3 is compatible with ASP.NET MVC 2 – which means it should be easy to update existing MVC projects to ASP.NET MVC 3.  The new features in ASP.NET MVC 3 build on top of the foundational work we’ve already done with the MVC 1 and MVC 2 releases – which means that the skills, knowledge, libraries, and books you’ve acquired are all directly applicable with the MVC 3 release.  MVC 3 adds new features and capabilities – it doesn’t obsolete existing ones. You can upgrade existing ASP.NET MVC 2 projects by following the manual upgrade steps in the release notes.  Alternatively, you can use this automated ASP.NET MVC 3 upgrade tool to easily update your  existing projects. Localized Builds Today’s ASP.NET MVC 3 release is available in English.  We will be releasing localized versions of ASP.NET MVC 3 (in 9 languages) in a few days.  I’ll blog pointers to the localized downloads once they are available. NuGet Today we are also shipping NuGet – a free, open source, package manager that makes it easy for you to find, install, and use open source libraries in your projects. It works with all .NET project types (including ASP.NET Web Forms, ASP.NET MVC, WPF, WinForms, Silverlight, and Class Libraries).  You can download and install it here. NuGet enables developers who maintain open source projects (for example, .NET projects like Moq, NHibernate, Ninject, StructureMap, NUnit, Windsor, Raven, Elmah, etc) to package up their libraries and register them with an online gallery/catalog that is searchable.  The client-side NuGet tools – which include full Visual Studio integration – make it trivial for any .NET developer who wants to use one of these libraries to easily find and install it within the project they are working on. NuGet handles dependency management between libraries (for example: library1 depends on library2). It also makes it easy to update (and optionally remove) libraries from your projects later. It supports updating web.config files (if a package needs configuration settings). It also allows packages to add PowerShell scripts to a project (for example: scaffold commands). Importantly, NuGet is transparent and clean – and does not install anything at the system level. Instead it is focused on making it easy to manage libraries you use with your projects. Our goal with NuGet is to make it as simple as possible to integrate open source libraries within .NET projects.  NuGet Gallery This week we also launched a beta version of the http://nuget.org web-site – which allows anyone to easily search and browse an online gallery of open source packages available via NuGet.  The site also now allows developers to optionally submit new packages that they wish to share with others.  You can learn more about how to create and share a package here. There are hundreds of open-source .NET projects already within the NuGet Gallery today.  We hope to have thousands there in the future. IIS Express 7.5 Today we are also shipping IIS Express 7.5.  IIS Express is a free version of IIS 7.5 that is optimized for developer scenarios.  It works for both ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC project types. We think IIS Express combines the ease of use of the ASP.NET Web Server (aka Cassini) currently built-into Visual Studio today with the full power of IIS.  Specifically: It’s lightweight and easy to install (less than 5Mb download and a quick install) It does not require an administrator account to run/debug applications from Visual Studio It enables a full web-server feature set – including SSL, URL Rewrite, and other IIS 7.x modules It supports and enables the same extensibility model and web.config file settings that IIS 7.x support It can be installed side-by-side with the full IIS web server as well as the ASP.NET Development Server (they do not conflict at all) It works on Windows XP and higher operating systems – giving you a full IIS 7.x developer feature-set on all Windows OS platforms IIS Express (like the ASP.NET Development Server) can be quickly launched to run a site from a directory on disk.  It does not require any registration/configuration steps. This makes it really easy to launch and run for development scenarios.  You can also optionally redistribute IIS Express with your own applications if you want a lightweight web-server.  The standard IIS Express EULA now includes redistributable rights. Visual Studio 2010 SP1 adds support for IIS Express.  Read my VS 2010 SP1 and IIS Express blog post to learn more about what it enables.  SQL Server Compact Edition 4 Today we are also shipping SQL Server Compact Edition 4 (aka SQL CE 4).  SQL CE is a free, embedded, database engine that enables easy database storage. No Database Installation Required SQL CE does not require you to run a setup or install a database server in order to use it.  You can simply copy the SQL CE binaries into the \bin directory of your ASP.NET application, and then your web application can use it as a database engine.  No setup or extra security permissions are required for it to run. You do not need to have an administrator account on the machine. Just copy your web application onto any server and it will work. This is true even of medium-trust applications running in a web hosting environment. SQL CE runs in-memory within your ASP.NET application and will start-up when you first access a SQL CE database, and will automatically shutdown when your application is unloaded.  SQL CE databases are stored as files that live within the \App_Data folder of your ASP.NET Applications. Works with Existing Data APIs SQL CE 4 works with existing .NET-based data APIs, and supports a SQL Server compatible query syntax.  This means you can use existing data APIs like ADO.NET, as well as use higher-level ORMs like Entity Framework and NHibernate with SQL CE.  This enables you to use the same data programming skills and data APIs you know today. Supports Development, Testing and Production Scenarios SQL CE can be used for development scenarios, testing scenarios, and light production usage scenarios.  With the SQL CE 4 release we’ve done the engineering work to ensure that SQL CE won’t crash or deadlock when used in a multi-threaded server scenario (like ASP.NET).  This is a big change from previous releases of SQL CE – which were designed for client-only scenarios and which explicitly blocked running in web-server environments.  Starting with SQL CE 4 you can use it in a web-server as well. There are no license restrictions with SQL CE.  It is also totally free. Tooling Support with VS 2010 SP1 Visual Studio 2010 SP1 adds support for SQL CE 4 and ASP.NET Projects.  Read my VS 2010 SP1 and SQL CE 4 blog post to learn more about what it enables.  Web Deploy and Web Farm Framework 2.0 Today we are also releasing Microsoft Web Deploy V2 and Microsoft Web Farm Framework V2.  These services provide a flexible and powerful way to deploy ASP.NET applications onto either a single server, or across a web farm of machines. You can learn more about these capabilities from my previous blog posts on them: Introducing the Microsoft Web Farm Framework Automating Deployment with Microsoft Web Deploy Visit the http://iis.net website to learn more and install them. Both are free. Orchard 1.0 Today we are also releasing Orchard v1.0.  Orchard is a free, open source, community based project.  It provides Content Management System (CMS) and Blogging System support out of the box, and makes it possible to easily create and manage web-sites without having to write code (site owners can customize a site through the browser-based editing tools built-into Orchard).  Read these tutorials to learn more about how you can setup and manage your own Orchard site. Orchard itself is built as an ASP.NET MVC 3 application using Razor view templates (and by default uses SQL CE 4 for data storage).  Developers wishing to extend an Orchard site with custom functionality can open and edit it as a Visual Studio project – and add new ASP.NET MVC Controllers/Views to it.  WebMatrix 1.0 WebMatrix is a new, free, web development tool from Microsoft that provides a suite of technologies that make it easier to enable website development.  It enables a developer to start a new site by browsing and downloading an app template from an online gallery of web applications (which includes popular apps like Umbraco, DotNetNuke, Orchard, WordPress, Drupal and Joomla).  Alternatively it also enables developers to create and code web sites from scratch. WebMatrix is task focused and helps guide developers as they work on sites.  WebMatrix includes IIS Express, SQL CE 4, and ASP.NET - providing an integrated web-server, database and programming framework combination.  It also includes built-in web publishing support which makes it easy to find and deploy sites to web hosting providers. You can learn more about WebMatrix from my Introducing WebMatrix blog post this summer.  Visit http://microsoft.com/web to download and install it today. Summary I’m really excited about today’s releases – they provide a bunch of additional value that makes web development with ASP.NET, Visual Studio and the Microsoft Web Server a lot better.  A lot of folks worked hard to share this with you today. On behalf of my whole team – we hope you enjoy them! Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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