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  • Hot Off the Presses! Get Your Release of the October Procurement Newsletter!

    - by LuciaC
    Get all the recent news and featured topics for the Procurement modules including Purchasing, iProcurement, Sourcing and iSupplier. Find out what Procurement experts are recommending to prevent and resolve issues.  Important links are also included.  The October newsletter features articles on: The new Procurement Enhancement Request Community Procurement Community Development Corner Updated version of the PO Approvals Analyzer Uploading Files And there is much more….. Access the newsletter now: Doc ID 111111.1

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  • asus n550jv audio problem: no sound from notebook' speakers

    - by skywalker
    Ubuntu 13.10. The problem is: the internal speakers don't work. I have no problem when I'm using the headphones. There is no hardware issue since in windows 8 everything works perfectly(external subwoofer included). I'm trying to modify /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf but I can't find the correct model to put into: options snd-hda-intel model= The file HD-Audio-Models.txt doesn't contain the model for ALC668. Some info: :~sudo aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: MID [HDA Intel MID], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: MID [HDA Intel MID], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: MID [HDA Intel MID], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC668 Analog [ALC668 Analog] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 :~$ sudo lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio" 00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio Controller (rev 06) Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2010 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 52 Memory at f7a14000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit- Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00 Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel -- 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 11cd Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 53 Memory at f7a10000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel PS info :~$ amixer -c 0 Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [on] Simple mixer control 'IEC958',1 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [on] Simple mixer control 'IEC958',2 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [on] :~$ pacmd dump-volumes Welcome to PulseAudio! Use "help" for usage information. Sink 0: reference = 0: 76% 1: 76%, real = 0: 76% 1: 76%, soft = 0: 100% 1: 100%, current_hw = 0: 76% 1: 76%, save = yes Input 8: volume = 0: 100% 1: 100%, reference_ratio = 0: 100% 1: 100%, real_ratio = 0: 100% 1: 100%, soft = 0: 100% 1: 100%, volume_factor = 0: 100% 1: 100%, volume_factor_sink = 0: 100% 1: 100%, save = no Source 0: reference = 0: 100% 1: 100%, real = 0: 100% 1: 100%, soft = 0: 100% 1: 100%, current_hw = 0: 100% 1: 100%, save = no Source 1: reference = 0: 16% 1: 16%, real = 0: 16% 1: 16%, soft = 0: 100% 1: 100%, current_hw = 0: 16% 1: 16%, save = yes

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  • Wireless not working on Dell Inspirion 1501 after upgrading to Ubuntu 12.04 tried steps in other threads

    - by mark burton
    I updated to Ubuntu 12.04 and now my wireless is not working. No icon for it. Tried some of the troubleshooting in other threads but can't get it to work. Would really appreciate any help Thanks! " *-network description: Network controller product: BCM4311 802.11a/b/g vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 version: 01 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=b43-pci-bridge latency=0 resources: irq:18 memory:c0200000-c0203fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:08:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 02 serial: 00:19:b9:5c:d1:52 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=b44 driverversion=2.0 duplex=full ip=10.0.0.6 latency=64 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:21 memory:c0300000-c0301fff " lsub results Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 002: ID 046d:c526 Logitech, Inc. Nano Receiver $ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RS480 Host Bridge (rev 10) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RS480 PCI Bridge 00:05.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RS480 PCI Bridge 00:06.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RS480 PCI Bridge 00:12.0 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SB600 Non-Raid-5 SATA 00:13.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SB600 USB (OHCI0) 00:13.1 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SB600 USB (OHCI1) 00:13.2 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SB600 USB (OHCI2) 00:13.3 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SB600 USB (OHCI3) 00:13.4 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SB600 USB (OHCI4) 00:13.5 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SB600 USB Controller (EHCI) 00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 13) 00:14.1 IDE interface: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SB600 IDE 00:14.2 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SB600 PCI to LPC Bridge 00:14.4 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RS482 [Radeon Xpress 200M] 05:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4311 802.11a/b/g (rev 01) 08:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX (rev 02) 08:01.0 SD Host controller: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C822 SD/SDIO/MMC/MS/MSPro Host Adapter (rev 19) 08:01.1 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C843 MMC Host Controller (rev 01) rfkill list all 0: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no

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  • Livre : Mac OS X Snow Leopard, Précis et concis de Nicoletis Nathalie, critique d'Aurelien Gaymay

    Citation: Domptez votre Leopard ! [IMG]http://digitbooks.fr/catalogue/0-couv/9782815001823.png[/IMG] Parue fin août 2009, la version 10.6 de Mac OS X dite Snow Leopard, a été vite adoptée. encore une fois, le monde des systèmes d'exploitation. Avec cette 6e édition, Mac OS X Snow Leopard Précis et concis permettra aux novices comme aux utilisateurs Mac d'anciennes versions de maîtriser rapidement Snow Leopard et ses nouvelles fonctionnalités. Véritable condensé de tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur Leopard, ce guide de po...

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  • Package dependency errors : libc

    - by piyush
    I was trying to install kde-full when the libc had some unmet dependencies error. When saying sudo apt-get install kde-full the terminal has this in the end libc6 : Depends: libc-bin (= 2.15-0ubuntu10) libc6:i386 : Depends: libc-bin:i386 (= 2.15-0ubuntu10) libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.15-0ubuntu10.3) but 2.15-0ubuntu10 is to be installed libc6-i386 : Depends: libc6 (= 2.15-0ubuntu10.3) but 2.15-0ubuntu10 is to be installed When running sudo apt-get -f install, this shows up at the end De-configuring libc6:i386 ... A copy of the C library was found in an unexpected directory: '/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so' It is not safe to upgrade the C library in this situation; please remove that copy of the C library or get it out of '/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' and try again. dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.15-0ubuntu10.3_amd64.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1 Preparing to replace libc6:i386 2.15-0ubuntu10 (using .../libc6_2.15-0ubuntu10.3_i386.deb) ... De-configuring libc6 ... A copy of the C library was found in an unexpected directory: '/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so' It is not safe to upgrade the C library in this situation; please remove that copy of the C library or get it out of '/lib/i386-linux-gnu' and try again. dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.15-0ubuntu10.3_i386.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.15-0ubuntu10.3_amd64.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.15-0ubuntu10.3_i386.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Any suggestions how to fix this. I don't desire to have kde-full anymore; only that other installations should work. I've done sudo apt-get update several times, so those suggestions can be kept away UPD : here is output of dpkg configure ~$ sudo dpkg --configure -a dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libc6-dev: libc6-dev depends on libc6 (= 2.15-0ubuntu10.3); however: Version of libc6 on system is 2.15-0ubuntu10. dpkg: error processing libc6-dev (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libc6-i386: libc6-i386 depends on libc6 (= 2.15-0ubuntu10.3); however: Version of libc6 on system is 2.15-0ubuntu10. dpkg: error processing libc6-i386 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: libc6-dev libc6-i386 ~$

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  • Webcast : Les nouveautés de Microsoft visual studio 2010, mardi 22 juin

    Les nouveautés de Microsoft visual studio 2010 Venez découvrir les nouveautés de visual studio 2010 le mardi 22 juin 2010, de 11h00 à 12h00 à travers une présentation web. Microsoft vous fera découvrir les évolutions de la nouvelle version Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 grâca à un expert qui sera mis à votre dispostion. Vous aurez la possibilité de vous familiariser avec les fonctionnalités de Test : IntelliTrace, Lab Management? Microsoft visual studio 2010 vous invite aussi à découvrir le Team Foundation Server et la collaboration de vos équipes de développement, y compris le développement Parallèle, Cloud, Sharepoint

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  • Titanium SDK gives a "file too short" error

    - by Dananjaya
    I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 and recently installed Appcelerator Titanium Studio version 1.7 When I load up a demo project to run, I get an error like this, Couldn't load file:/home/dananjaya/.titanium/runtime/linux/1.1.0/libkhost.so, error: /home/dananjaya/.titanium/runtime/linux/1.1.0/libwebkittitanium-1.0.so.2: file too short Am I missing some dependencies here or is it a bug in the application? Thanks in advance.

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  • Bind Ctrl+Right to nextword in nano (as it is in all other apps)

    - by turbo
    And likewise Ctrl+Left to prevword. I read the man page of nanorc and found bind key function menu So the line bind ^Left prevword main would be what I want, the problem is that nano only accepts an alpha character or the word "Space" so Left doesn't exist. Is there a way to accomplish this? Right now I'm on natty (nano 2.2.2) but I will upgrade nano if a later (devel?) version can do this.

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  • Idera SQL Doctor 3.0 and MS SQL Changes

    New features worth mentioning in SQL doctor 3.0 begin with a new server dashboard that not only gives a comprehensive overview of a SQL Server instance's current health, but also several key details to help database administrators. Some of the details include recommendations on how to optimize server configuration, how to fix certain security issues, and how to get rid of performance bottlenecks. The latest version of SQL doctor also supplies users with key server information. The status of system parameters known to affect SQL Server performance, such as processes, disk partitions, cache, m...

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  • PHP mtChart (new pChart): how do i control the angle of x-axis labels?

    - by gsquare567
    i am trying to graph the results of a survey, where the question is multiple choice. eg. How would you describe this website? format: option | number of times selected | percentage of users who selected that option Informative 1 50% All of the above 1 50% Interesting 0 0% Intelligent 0 0% Cool 0 0% Incredible 0 0% Sleek 0 0% Amazing the graph is a bar graph, where each bar represents one of those options, and the height of the bar depends on the number of times selected. however, the labels are slanted at a 45 degree angle and are barely readable! here is my code: <?php require_once ("includes/common.php"); require_once ("graph/mtChart.min.php"); // type must be specified $type = $_GET['type']; if($type == "surveys_report_MC_or_CB") { // PARAMS $surveyID = $_GET['surveyID']; $questionID = $_GET['questionID']; // END PARAMS $question = SurveyQuestions::getSingle($questionID); $answers = SurveyAnswers::getAll($questionID); $options = SurveyQuestionOptions::getAll($question[SurveyQuestions::surveyQuestionID]); $others = SurveyAnswers::setOptionCounts($options, $answers); $printedOthers = false; // set graph $values = array(); $axisLabels = array(); foreach($options as $option) { $values[$option[SurveyQuestionOptions::optionText]] = $option['count']; $axisLabels[] = $option[SurveyQuestionOptions::optionText]; } $graphs = array(); $graphs[0] = $values; $xName = "Option"; $yName = "Number of Times Selected"; $graphTitle = $question[SurveyQuestions::question]; $series = array("Total"); $showLegend = false; $tall = false; } drawGraph($graphs, $axisLabels, $xName, $yName, $graphTitle, $series, $showLegend, $tall); function drawGraph($graphs, $axisLabels, $xName, $yName, $graphTitle, $series, $showLegend, $tall) { $Graph = ($tall) ? new mtChart(575,375) : new mtChart(575,275); // Dataset definition $avg = 0; $i = 0; foreach ($graphs as $key => $value) { $Graph->AddPoint($value,"series" . $key); $Graph->SetSerieName($series[$key],"series" . $key); // Get average $avg += array_sum($value); $size = sizeof($value); $i += $size; // Calculate x-axis tick interval $step = ceil($size / 25); } $Graph->AddPoint($axisLabels,"XLabel"); $Graph->AddAllSeries(); $Graph->RemoveSerie("XLabel"); $Graph->SetAbsciseLabelSerie("XLabel"); $Graph->SetXAxisName($xName); $Graph->SetYAxisName($yName); // Get from cache if it exists $Graph->enableCaching(NULL, 'graph/cache/'); $Graph->GetFromCache(); // Initialize the graph $Graph->setInterval($step); $Graph->setFontProperties("graph/tahoma.ttf",8); ($showLegend) ? $Graph->setGraphArea(45,30,475,200) : $Graph->setGraphArea(75,30,505,200); $Graph->drawGraphArea(255,255,255,TRUE); $Graph->drawScale(SCALE_START0,100,100,100,TRUE,55,1,TRUE); $Graph->drawGrid(4,TRUE,230,230,230,50); // Draw the 0 line $Graph->setFontProperties("graph/tahoma.ttf",6); $Graph->drawTreshold(0,143,55,72,TRUE,TRUE); // Draw the bar graph $Graph->drawBarGraph(); // Draw average line $Graph->drawTreshold($avg/$i, 0, 0, 0, FALSE, FALSE, 5); // Finish the graph $Graph->setFontProperties("graph/tahoma.ttf",8); if ($showLegend) { $Graph->drawLegend(482,30,255,255,255,255,255,255,100,100,100); } $Graph->setFontProperties("graph/tahoma.ttf",10); $Graph->drawTitle(0,22,$graphTitle,100,100,100,555); // Draw Graph $Graph->Stroke(); } and here is where i use it on the page: <div class="graph_container"> <img src="drawGraph.php?type=surveys_report_MC_or_CB&surveyID=<?php echo $survey[Surveys::surveyID] ?>&questionID=<?php echo $question[SurveyQuestions::surveyQuestionID] ?>" /> is there a setting i can apply to the graph which will make the text look nicer, or at least let me set the angle to 90 degrees so people can read it if they cock their head to the left? thanks! btw, mtchart is located here: http://code.google.com/p/mtchart/ and pchart (the original, which has mainly the same code) is here: http://pchart.sourceforge.net/documentation.php

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  • Will Ubuntu work on a Dell Inspiron 15R?

    - by Daniel Davis
    I want to know how to install Ubuntu on a Dell Inspiron 15R with Intel Core i3, 3GB RAM, Intel HD graphics and 320GB HDD. I've heard some people have had issues with the wireless card. Also, I tried a few days ago to install the 64-bit version of Ubuntu 10.10 and the installaten hung on the "Who are you" screen... Can anyone help me, I really want to get into Linux but without having any problems with the laptops drivers.

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  • How to fix 'grub error file not found' when installing 12.04?

    - by Tomasz Grabowski
    i'm trying to install Ubuntu. I don't know if it is important, but i'm trying to install it on external HDD. In the end i have external bootable HDD which only displays: error: file not found grub recovery> From the beginning: I've downloaded ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso I've used LiLi USB Creator (LinuxLive) to create bootable pendrive from that image I've bootet from it, it works I've clicked "Try ubuntu", it works too. I've used GParted to look over drivers (disks) My primary embedded disk is seen as /dev/sda My attached external disk as /dev/sdb My PenDrive as /dev/sdc I've created partitions on /dev/sdb Fist partition for system (over 200GiB) Second was there already (it's xsf, and i don't want to touch it :P) Third is extended partition, with 1 locital partiton (10GiB) for swap I've started installation i've choose "somethin else" in ... i belive secound screeb then is selected /dev/sdb as boot disk for first partiton of /dev/sdb i set i want ext3 file system, i've check "formattin" checkbox, and mount path set to "/" firs logical partiton set as swap partition After installation finished, i restarted my computer. When i boot from my primary disc it's work ok, my previous operating system - vista - works ok. When i set my BIOS to boot from my external disc, i only get that message: error: file not found grub recovery> I've try to reinstall it, but didn't help... In desperation, i've try to read a bit about that "grub recovery" command-line and experiment a bit... I'm not sure if this has had any point, or if it give you some information (notice, that i don't know what i'm doing :P ) when i've type command: insmod (hd1,1)/boot/grub/linux.mod i've get message: unknown filesystem the same with: insmod (hd1,msdos1)/boot/grub/linux.mod the same with: insmod ext3 but i get no message after command: insmod ext2 ... notice that i really don't know what this command exactly do, but than i thought that maybe if i reinstall ubuntu with ext2 filesystem, it will work. I've done that, but symptoms are the same. I've go back to that Live version of ubuntu, filesystem and basics directories seems to be present on /dev/sdb1 ... i'm completely unfamiliar with GRUB. I'm also don't know which wersion of GRUB it is, i hope there is only one version on ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso Any help? Thax

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  • User Group meeting in Copenhagen for #powerpivot

    - by Marco Russo (SQLBI)
    The next Monday, March 21st, I will join a special event organized by the Danish SQL Server User Group , Excelbi.dk and the Swedish SQL Server User Group . The meeting will start at 18:00 at the Radisson Royal Blu in Copenhagen, and this is the topic we will discuss. PowerPivot / BISM and the future of a BI Solution The next version of Analysis Services will offer the BI Semantic Model (BISM) that is based on Vertipaq, the same engine that runs PowerPivot. DAX and PowerPivot have been created as...(read more)

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  • When SQL Server Nonclustered Indexes Are Faster Than Clustered Indexes

    SQL Server Clustered indexes can have enormous implications for performance of operations on a table. But are there times when a SQL Server non-clustered index would perform better than a clustered index for the same operation? Are there any trade-offs to consider? Check out this tip to learn more. Deployment Manager 2 is now free!The new version includes tons of new features and we've launched a completely free Starter Edition! Get Deployment Manager here

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  • Subterranean IL: Volatile

    - by Simon Cooper
    This time, we'll be having a look at the volatile. prefix instruction, and one of the differences between volatile in IL and C#. The volatile. prefix volatile is a tricky one, as there's varying levels of documentation on it. From what I can see, it has two effects: It prevents caching of the load or store value; rather than reading or writing to a cached version of the memory location (say, the processor register or cache), it forces the value to be loaded or stored at the 'actual' memory location, so it is then immediately visible to other threads. It forces a memory barrier at the prefixed instruction. This ensures instructions don't get re-ordered around the volatile instruction. This is slightly more complicated than it first seems, and only seems to matter on certain architectures. For more details, Joe Duffy has a blog post going into the details. For this post, I'll be concentrating on the first aspect of volatile. Caching field accesses To demonstrate this, I created a simple multithreaded IL program. It boils down to the following code: .class public Holder { .field public static class Holder holder .field public bool stop .method public static specialname void .cctor() { newobj instance void Holder::.ctor() stsfld class Holder Holder::holder ret }}.method private static void Main() { .entrypoint // Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DoWork)) // t.Start() // Thread.Sleep(2000) // Console.WriteLine("Stopping thread...") ldsfld class Holder Holder::holder ldc.i4.1 stfld bool Holder::stop call instance void [mscorlib]System.Threading.Thread::Join() ret}.method private static void DoWork() { ldsfld class Holder Holder::holder // while (!Holder.holder.stop) {} DoWork: dup ldfld bool Holder::stop brfalse DoWork pop ret} If you compile and run this code, you'll find that the call to Thread.Join() never returns - the DoWork spinlock is reading a cached version of Holder.stop, which is never being updated with the new value set by the Main method. Adding volatile to the ldfld fixes this: dupvolatile.ldfld bool Holder::stopbrfalse DoWork The volatile ldfld forces the field access to read direct from heap memory, which is then updated by the main thread, rather than using a cached copy. volatile in C# This highlights one of the differences between IL and C#. In IL, volatile only applies to the prefixed instruction, whereas in C#, volatile is specified on a field to indicate that all accesses to that field should be volatile (interestingly, there's no mention of the 'no caching' aspect of volatile in the C# spec; it only focuses on the memory barrier aspect). Furthermore, this information needs to be stored within the assembly somehow, as such a field might be accessed directly from outside the assembly, but there's no concept of a 'volatile field' in IL! How this information is stored with the field will be the subject of my next post.

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  • Saint Louis Days of .NET 2012

    - by James Michael Hare
    Hey all, just a quick note to let you know I'll be one of the speakers at the St. Louis Days of .NET this year.  I'll be giving a revamped version of my Little Wonders (going to add some new ones to keep it fresh) -- and hopefully other presentations as well, the session selection process is ongoing.St. Louis Days of .NET is a wonderful conference in the midwest and a bargain to boot (only $175 if you register before July 1st!  Hope to see you there.For more information, visit: http://www.stlouisdayofdotnet.com/2012

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  • linux thread synchronization

    - by johnnycrash
    I am new to linux and linux threads. I have spent some time googling to try to understand the differences between all the functions available for thread synchronization. I still have some questions. I have found all of these different types of synchronizations, each with a number of functions for locking, unlocking, testing the lock, etc. gcc atomic operations futexes mutexes spinlocks seqlocks rculocks conditions semaphores My current (but probably flawed) understanding is this: semaphores are process wide, involve the filesystem (virtually I assume), and are probably the slowest. Futexes might be the base locking mechanism used by mutexes, spinlocks, seqlocks, and rculocks. Futexes might be faster than the locking mechanisms that are based on them. Spinlocks dont block and thus avoid context swtiches. However they avoid the context switch at the expense of consuming all the cycles on a CPU until the lock is released (spinning). They should only should be used on multi processor systems for obvious reasons. Never sleep in a spinlock. The seq lock just tells you when you finished your work if a writer changed the data the work was based on. You have to go back and repeat the work in this case. Atomic operations are the fastest synch call, and probably are used in all the above locking mechanisms. You do not want to use atomic operations on all the fields in your shared data. You want to use a lock (mutex, futex, spin, seq, rcu) or a single atomic opertation on a lock flag when you are accessing multiple data fields. My questions go like this: Am I right so far with my assumptions? Does anyone know the cpu cycle cost of the various options? I am adding parallelism to the app so we can get better wall time response at the expense of running fewer app instances per box. Performances is the utmost consideration. I don't want to consume cpu with context switching, spinning, or lots of extra cpu cycles to read and write shared memory. I am absolutely concerned with number of cpu cycles consumed. Which (if any) of the locks prevent interruption of a thread by the scheduler or interrupt...or am I just an idiot and all synchonization mechanisms do this. What kinds of interruption are prevented? Can I block all threads or threads just on the locking thread's CPU? This question stems from my fear of interrupting a thread holding a lock for a very commonly used function. I expect that the scheduler might schedule any number of other workers who will likely run into this function and then block because it was locked. A lot of context switching would be wasted until the thread with the lock gets rescheduled and finishes. I can re-write this function to minimize lock time, but still it is so commonly called I would like to use a lock that prevents interruption...across all processors. I am writing user code...so I get software interrupts, not hardware ones...right? I should stay away from any functions (spin/seq locks) that have the word "irq" in them. Which locks are for writing kernel or driver code and which are meant for user mode? Does anyone think using an atomic operation to have multiple threads move through a linked list is nuts? I am thinking to atomicly change the current item pointer to the next item in the list. If the attempt works, then the thread can safely use the data the current item pointed to before it was moved. Other threads would now be moved along the list. futexes? Any reason to use them instead of mutexes? Is there a better way than using a condition to sleep a thread when there is no work? When using gcc atomic ops, specifically the test_and_set, can I get a performance increase by doing a non atomic test first and then using test_and_set to confirm? *I know this will be case specific, so here is the case. There is a large collection of work items, say thousands. Each work item has a flag that is initialized to 0. When a thread has exclusive access to the work item, the flag will be one. There will be lots of worker threads. Any time a thread is looking for work, they can non atomicly test for 1. If they read a 1, we know for certain that the work is unavailable. If they read a zero, they need to perform the atomic test_and_set to confirm. So if the atomic test_and_set is 500 cpu cycles because it is disabling pipelining, causes cpu's to communicate and L2 caches to flush/fill .... and a simple test is 1 cycle .... then as long as I had a better ratio of 500 to 1 when it came to stumbling upon already completed work items....this would be a win.* I hope to use mutexes or spinlocks to sparilngly protect sections of code that I want only one thread on the SYSTEM (not jsut the CPU) to access at a time. I hope to sparingly use gcc atomic ops to select work and minimize use of mutexes and spinlocks. For instance: a flag in a work item can be checked to see if a thread has worked it (0=no, 1=yes or in progress). A simple test_and_set tells the thread if it has work or needs to move on. I hope to use conditions to wake up threads when there is work. Thanks!

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  • PASS: Bylaw Change 2013

    - by Bill Graziano
    PASS launched a Global Growth Initiative in the Summer of 2011 with the appointment of three international Board advisors.  Since then we’ve thought and talked extensively about how we make PASS more relevant to our members outside the US and Canada.  We’ve collected much of that discussion in our Global Growth site.  You can find vision documents, plans, governance proposals, feedback sites, and transcripts of Twitter chats and town hall meetings.  We also address these plans at the Board Q&A during the 2012 Summit. One of the biggest changes coming out of this process is around how we elect Board members.  And that requires a change to the bylaws.  We published the proposed bylaw changes as a red-lined document so you can clearly see the changes.  Our goal in these bylaw changes was to address the changes required by the global growth initiatives, conduct a legal review of the document and address other minor issues in the document.  There are numerous small wording changes throughout the document.  For example, we replaced every reference of “The Corporation” with the word “PASS” so it now reads “PASS is organized…”. Board Composition The biggest change in these bylaw changes is how the Board is composed and elected.  This discussion starts in section VI.2.  This section now says that some elected directors will come from geographic regions.  I think this is the best way to make sure we give all of our members a voice in the leadership of the organization.  The key parts of this section are: The remaining Directors (i.e. the non-Officer Directors and non-Vendor Appointed Directors) shall be elected by the voting membership (“Elected Directors”). Elected Directors shall include representatives of defined PASS regions (“Regions”) as set forth below (“Regional Directors”) and at minimum one (1) additional Director-at-Large whose selection is not limited by region. Regional Directors shall include, but are not limited to, two (2) seats for the Region covering Canada and the United States of America. Additional Regions for the purpose of electing additional Regional Directors and additional Director-at-Large seats for the purpose of expanding the Board shall be defined by a majority vote of the current Board of Directors and must be established prior to the public call for nominations in the general election. Previously defined Regions and seats approved by the Board of Directors shall remain in effect and can only be modified by a 2/3 majority vote by the then current Board of Directors. Currently PASS has six At-Large Directors elected by the members.  These changes allow for a Regional Director position that is elected by the members but must come from a particular region.  It also stipulates that there must always be at least one Director-at-Large who can come from any region. We also understand that PASS is currently a very US-centric organization.  Our Summit is held in America, roughly half our chapters are in the US and Canada and most of the Board members over the last ten years have come from America.  We wanted to reflect that by making sure that our US and Canadian volunteers would continue to play a significant role by ensuring that two Regional seats are reserved specifically for Canada and the US. Other than that, the bylaws don’t create any specific regional seats.  These rules allow us to create Regional Director seats but don’t require it.  We haven’t fully discussed what the criteria will be in order for a region to have a seat designated for it or how many regions there will be.  In our discussions we’ve broadly discussed regions for United States and Canada Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) Australia, New Zealand and Asia (also known as Asia Pacific or APAC) Mexico, South America, and Central America (LATAM) As you can see, our thinking is that there will be a few large regions.  I’ve also considered a non-North America region that we can gradually split into the regions above as our membership grows in those areas.  The regions will be defined by a policy document that will be published prior to the elections. I’m hoping that over the next year we can begin to publish more of what we do as Board-approved policy documents. While the bylaws only require a single non-region specific At-large Director, I would expect we would always have two.  That way we can have one in each election.  I think it’s important that we always have one seat open that anyone who is eligible to run for the Board can contest.  The Board is required to have any regions defined prior to the start of the election process. Board Elections – Regional Seats We spent a lot of time discussing how the elections would work for these Regional Director seats.  Ultimately we decided that the simplest solution is that every PASS member should vote for every open seat.  Section VIII.3 reads: Candidates who are eligible (i.e. eligible to serve in such capacity subject to the criteria set forth herein or adopted by the Board of Directors) shall be designated to fill open Board seats in the following order of priority on the basis of total votes received: (i) full term Regional Director seats, (ii) full term Director-at-Large seats, (iii) not full term (vacated) Regional Director seats, (iv) not full term (vacated) Director-at-Large seats. For the purposes of clarity, because of eligibility requirements, it is contemplated that the candidates designated to the open Board seats may not receive more votes than certain other candidates who are not selected to the Board. We debated whether to have multiple ballots or one single ballot.  Multiple ballot elections get complicated quickly.  Let’s say we have a ballot for US/Canada and one for Region 2.  After that we’d need a mechanism to merge those two together and come up with the winner of the at-large seat or have another election for the at-large position.  We think the best way to do this is a single ballot and putting the highest vote getters into the most restrictive seats.  Let’s look at an example: There are seats open for Region 1, Region 2 and at-large.  The election results are as follows: Candidate A (eligible for Region 1) – 550 votes Candidate B (eligible for Region 1) – 525 votes Candidate C (eligible for Region 1) – 475 votes Candidate D (eligible for Region 2) – 125 votes Candidate E (eligible for Region 2) – 75 votes In this case, Candidate A is the winner for Region 1 and is assigned that seat.  Candidate D is the winner for Region 2 and is assigned that seat.  The at-large seat is filled by the high remaining vote getter which is Candidate B. The key point to understand is that we may have a situation where a person with a lower vote total is elected to a regional seat and a person with a higher vote total is excluded.  This will be true whether we had multiple ballots or a single ballot.  Board Elections – Vacant Seats The other change to the election process is for vacant Board seats.  The actual changes are sprinkled throughout the document. Previously we didn’t have a mechanism that allowed for an election of a Board seat that we knew would be vacant in the future.  The most common case is when a Board members moves to an Officer role in the middle of their term.  One of the key changes is to allow the number of votes members have to match the number of open seats.  This allows each voter to express their preference on all open seats.  This only applies when we know about the opening prior to the call for nominations.  This all means that if there’s a seat will be open at the start of the next Board term, and we know about it prior to the call for nominations, we can include that seat in the elections.  Ultimately, the aim is to have PASS members decide who sits on the Board in as many situations as possible. We discussed the option of changing the bylaws to just take next highest vote-getter in all other cases.  I think that’s wrong for the following reasons: All voters aren’t able to express an opinion on all candidates.  If there are five people running for three seats, you can only vote for three.  You have no way to express your preference between #4 and #5. Different candidates may have different information about the number of seats available.  A person may learn that a Board member plans to resign at the end of the year prior to that information being made public. They may understand that the top four vote getters will end up on the Board while the rest of the members believe there are only three openings.  This may affect someone’s decision to run.  I don’t think this creates a transparent, fair election. Board members may use their knowledge of the election results to decide whether to remain on the Board or not.  Admittedly this one is unlikely but I don’t want to create a situation where this accusation can be leveled. I think the majority of vacancies in the future will be handled through elections.  The bylaw section quoted above also indicates that partial term vacancies will be filled after the full term seats are filled. Removing Directors Section VI.7 on removing directors has always had a clause that allowed members to remove an elected director.  We also had a clause that allowed appointed directors to be removed.  We added a clause that allows the Board to remove for cause any director with a 2/3 majority vote.  The updated text reads: Any Director may be removed for cause by a 2/3 majority vote of the Board of Directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of PASS would be served thereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the authority of any Director to act as in an official capacity as a Director or Officer of PASS may be suspended by the Board of Directors for cause. Cause for suspension or removal of a Director shall include but not be limited to failure to meet any Board-approved performance expectations or the presence of a reason for suspension or dismissal as listed in Addendum B of these Bylaws. The first paragraph is updated and the second and third are unchanged (except cleaning up language).  If you scroll down and look at Addendum B of these bylaws you find the following: Cause for suspension or dismissal of a member of the Board of Directors may include: Inability to attend Board meetings on a regular basis. Inability or unwillingness to act in a capacity designated by the Board of Directors. Failure to fulfill the responsibilities of the office. Inability to represent the Region elected to represent Failure to act in a manner consistent with PASS's Bylaws and/or policies. Misrepresentation of responsibility and/or authority. Misrepresentation of PASS. Unresolved conflict of interests with Board responsibilities. Breach of confidentiality. The bold line about your inability to represent your region is what we added to the bylaws in this revision.  We also added a clause to section VII.3 allowing the Board to remove an officer.  That clause is much less restrictive.  It doesn’t require cause and only requires a simple majority. The Board of Directors may remove any Officer whenever in their judgment the best interests of PASS shall be served by such removal. Other There are numerous other small changes throughout the document. Proxy voting.  The laws around how members and Board members proxy votes are specific in Illinois law.  PASS is an Illinois corporation and is subject to Illinois laws.  We changed section IV.5 to come into compliance with those laws.  Specifically this says you can only vote through a proxy if you have a written proxy through your authorized attorney.  English language proficiency.  As we increase our global footprint we come across more members that aren’t native English speakers.  The business of PASS is conducted in English and it’s important that our Board members speak English.  If we get big enough to afford translators, we may be able to relax this but right now we need English language skills for effective Board members. Committees.  The language around committees in section IX is old and dated.  Our lawyers advised us to clean it up.  This section specifically applies to any committees that the Board may form outside of portfolios.  We removed the term limits, quorum and vacancies clause.  We don’t currently have any committees that this would apply to.  The Nominating Committee is covered elsewhere in the bylaws. Electronic Votes.  The change allows the Board to vote via email but the results must be unanimous.  This is to conform with Illinois state law. Immediate Past President.  There was no mechanism to fill the IPP role if an outgoing President chose not to participate.  We changed section VII.8 to allow the Board to invite any previous President to fill the role by majority vote. Nominations Committee.  We’ve opened the language to allow for the transparent election of the Nominations Committee as outlined by the 2011 Election Review Committee. Revocation of Charters. The language surrounding the revocation of charters for local groups was flagged by the lawyers. We have allowed for the local user group to make all necessary payment before considering returning of items to PASS if required. Bylaw notification. We’ve spent countless meetings working on these bylaws with the intent to not open them again any time in the near future. Should the bylaws be opened again, we have included a clause ensuring that the PASS membership is involved. I’m proud that the Board has remained committed to transparency and accountability to members. This clause will require that same level of commitment in the future even when all the current Board members have rolled off. I think that covers everything.  I’d encourage you to look through the red-line document and see the changes.  It’s helpful to look at the language that’s being removed and the language that’s being added.  I’m happy to answer any questions here or you can email them to [email protected].

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  • Correcting color-shifted mirrored i915 driver in 12.04?

    - by Will Martin
    I was called in to fix a friend's malfunctioning HP Pavilion. She's not sure exactly which model, but the sticker on the bottom says "G60". The problem was a failed upgrade to 12.04. I was able to mostly repair it with sudo apt-get -f install, which ran setup and configuration for several hundred packages. The biggest problem at the moment is Xorg. The login screen (lightdm) loads normally but at a reduced resolution (1024x768 instead of 1366x768). But once you log in, it looks like this: Observe that the colors of the dock on the left and the bar at the top are normal. But the background is filled with bizarro color-skewed ghost images of the desktop. In all cases, the actual contents of any programs you run is a totally illegible mess, except that the bar at the top of any program windows looks and acts normally. And the ghost images are interactive! For example, if you click the icon in the top right corner to get the "shut down" menu, the same menu will appear in the ghost images below. Starting a terminal will start a terminal window in both the real desktop and the ghost images, and moving it around updates both the real and ghost desktops. I suspect Xorg is using some kind of wrong driver and/or parameter for the graphics hardware. Here is the graphics-relevant portion of the lspci -v output: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 09) Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 360b Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Capabilities: [e0] Vendor Specific Information: Len=0a <?> Kernel driver in use: agpgart-intel 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 360b Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 44 Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M] Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] I/O ports at 5110 [size=8] Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled] Capabilities: [90] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit- Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 3 Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 360b Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Memory at d2500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M] Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 3 I'm not sure what to check next. I would ordinarily check xorg.conf to see what it says, but that apparently doesn't exist any more, and my googling has not yielded any useful techniques for getting Xorg to tell me what settings it decided to use. The weird part is that it works fine on the login screen. It's only when you actually log in as a user that the display gets screwed up. Suggestions?

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  • How should I model the database for this problem? And which ORM can handle it?

    - by Kristof Claes
    I need to build some sort of a custom CMS for a client of ours. These are some of the functional requirements: Must be able to manage the list of Pages in the site Each Page can contain a number of ColumnGroups A ColumnGroup is nothing more than a list of Columns in a certain ColumnGroupLayout. For example: "one column taking up the entire width of the page", "two columns each taking up half of the width", ... Each Column can contain a number ContentBlocks Examples of a ContentBlock are: TextBlock, NewsBlock, PictureBlock, ... ContentBlocks can be given a certain sorting within a Column A ContentBlock can be put in different Columns so that content can be reused without having to be duplicated. My first quick draft of how this could look like in C# code (we're using ASP.NET 4.0 to develop the CMS) can be found at the bottom of my question. One of the technical requirements is that it must be as easy as possible to add new types of ContentBlocks to the CMS. So I would like model everything as flexible as possible. Unfortunately, I'm already stuck at trying to figure out how the database should look like. One of the problems I'm having has to do with sorting different types of ContentBlocks in a Column. I guess each type of ContentBlock (like TextBlock, NewsBlock, PictureBlock, ...) should have it's own table in the database because each has it's own different fields. A TextBlock might only have a field called Text whereas a NewsBlock might have fields for the Text, the Summary, the PublicationDate, ... Since one Column can have ContentBlocks located in different tables, I guess I'll have to create a many-to-many association for each type of ContentBlock. For example: ColumnTextBlocks, ColumnNewsBlocks and ColumnPictureBlocks. The problem I have with this setup is the sorting of the different ContentBlocks in a column. This could be something like this: TextBlock NewsBlock TextBlock TextBlock PictureBlock Where do I store the sorting number? If I store them in the associaton tables, I'll have to update a lot of tables when changing the sorting order of ContentBlocks in a Column. Is this a good approach to the problem? Basically, my question is: What is the best way to model this keeping in mind that it should be easy to add new types of ContentBlocks? My next question is: What ORM can deal with that kind of modeling? To be honest, we are ORM-virgins at work. I have been reading a bit about Linq-to-SQL and NHibernate, but we have no experience with them. Because of the IList in the Column class (see code below) I think we can rule out Linq-to-SQL, right? Can NHibernate handle the mapping of data from many different tables to one IList? Also keep in mind that this is just a very small portion of the domain. Other parts are Users belonging to a certain UserGroup having certain Permissions on Pages, ColumnGroups, Columns and ContentBlocks. The code (just a quick first draft): public class Page { public int PageID { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Description { get; set; } public string Keywords { get; set; } public IList<ColumnGroup> ColumnGroups { get; set; } } public class ColumnGroup { public enum ColumnGroupLayout { OneColumn, HalfHalf, NarrowWide, WideNarrow } public int ColumnGroupID { get; set; } public ColumnGroupLayout Layout { get; set; } public IList<Column> Columns { get; set; } } public class Column { public int ColumnID { get; set; } public IList<IContentBlock> ContentBlocks { get; set; } } public interface IContentBlock { string GetSummary(); } public class TextBlock : IContentBlock { public string GetSummary() { return "I am a piece of text."; } } public class NewsBlock : IContentBlock { public string GetSummary() { return "I am a news item."; } }

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