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• SSH attcack CentOS Amazon EC2

  - by user37143

  Hi, I run a few Rightscale CentOS AMI based instances on Amazon EC2. Two months back I found that our SSHD security is compromised( I had added host.allow and host.deny for ssh). So I created new instances and done an IP based ssh that allows only our IPs through AWS Firewall(ec2-authorize) and chnaged the ssh 22 default port to some other port but two days back I found I was not able to login to the server and when I tried on 22 port the ssh got connected and I found that sshd_conf was changed and when I tried to edit sshd_config I found root had no write permission on the file. So I tried a chmod and it said access denied for 'root' user. This is very strange. I checked secure log and history and found nothing informative. I have PHP, Ruby On Rails, Java, Wordpress apps running on these server. This time I did a chkrootkit scan and found nothing. I renamed the /etc/ssh folder and reinstalled openssh through yum. I had faced this on 3 instances on CentOS(5.2, 5.4) I have instances on Debian as well those working fine. Is this a CentOS/Rightscale issue. Guys, what security measures I should take to prevent this. Please support me this is very critical. Thanks

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• Powershell Get-Process cannot connect to remote computer

  - by amandion

  I've been struggling with this for a few hours and can't figure this out. I have two Windows 7 computers. One is my workstation that is using Powershell to do administrative maintenance. The other is the machine I'd like to use Powershell remoting on to execute remote Powershell cmdlets on. On both computers, I've enabled Powershell remoting and added all computers to TrustedHosts with the * value. On the remote computer, I've started the Remote registry service and ensured that the DCOM, Winmgmt and the Winrm services are running. Firewall is disabled on remote machine too. The cmdlet I try to run is: Get-Process -ComputerName $name Where $name is the name of the remote machine. I keep getting an error saying that it could not connect to the remote PC. I've also tried using the IP and I get the same error. These PCs are not in a domain. I am able to do the following successfully: Invoke-Command {get-Process} -ComputerName $name -Credential $creds Where $name is the machine name and $creds is the user name and password for the remote computer's local Admin account. This gives me the same output I would expect. While this is an acceptable workaround, I am curious, why doesn't using get-process with remoting work as it should? I've seen a few articles on the web suggesting people have had success with it on its own. Each time I am using Powershell on my workstation with elevated privileges. Any ideas?

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• Exchange on SBS2003 not receiving mail, but sending via telnet works

  - by YDdraigLas

  Last week we had a problem on our SBS2003 server where our external connection dropped out and I was only able to restore it by running netsh winsock reset catalog and netsh int ip reset. Thinking all was well, I went home for the weekend and came in today to find that we haven't received any external emails since before the original problems occurred. There are plenty of examples of this on the internet, usually to do with a firewall issue, but the odd thing here is that when I connect using telnet I can send an email and it goes straight through and into my inbox. When I send an email from Gmail or Hotmail nothing comes through at all. Internal emails are also unaffected, as are outgoing emails. There have also been a couple of emails that have come through for other users, both out-of-office replies, if that's relevant. I've run the CEICW several times, checked all the NIC settings, but no joy. Before I give up trying to fix this and reinstall the whole server, has anyone come across this problem before? I have only found fleeting references to this in previous searches and no real answers. Any advice gratefully received.

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• Are there any other causes of this error that are NOT related to initial setup?

  - by LordScree

  I'm trying to diagnose an issue at a customer site. They are receiving the following error: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server I've seen this a few times, but only during the initial setup - it's often caused by one of the following: The database server is turned off The network connection between the database server and the application is closed or somehow blocked (e.g. a firewall) The SQL Server instance is not set up to receive remote connections from the application server (e.g. TCP is turned off, remote connections are disabled, or the "SQL Server Browser" service is stopped/disabled) However, if I assume that no configuration changes have been made, I'm trying to postulate on what the reason might be for getting this error at a random point after the initial setup. My initial thought is: SQL Server machine has run out of resources (e.g. RAM) and is unable to accept new requests from the application server Is this a valid theory? What other possible causes are there of this error that are not related to the initial setup of the server / application connection? Or is it simply impossible that this error could occur without a configuration change having been made (either on the SQL Server side, application side, or somewhere in-between (network))? NOTE: I believe this question differs from the plethora of questions related to this error message because the application and server have been talking to each other quite happily until now (most, if not all, other questions seem to relate to initial setup).

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• Windows 2008 R2 DNS cant resolve own SOA

  - by user46742

  We have two Domain Controllers for our network. They both run DHCP, DNS, and ADS. They are both VM's sitting on MS Hyper V Server 2008 on separate physical hosts. We had our primary DC go down a week ago. I upgraded an already existing VM to Primary DC and built a new VM for the secondary. Both DNS servers are running and the SOA is configured correctly for Primary DC 1. However when I run the best practice analyzer it states the server cannot resolve it's own SOA. Check the configuration in the adapter. I checked and they are configured properly. I also went through the DNS entries thoroughly and made sure there was no records of the previous DC that went down. NSLOOKUP resolves the domain and primary dc fine. I also checked the firewalls on the machines and our physical firewall for any deny packets. Any suggestions? I appreciate any help!

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• linux networking: how to redirect incoming connections from old server to new server?

  - by aliz

  hi I'm in the process of moving my old server to a new server, but i will keep the old server running for database replication and load balancing, etc. each server has a separate internet connection with a static ip, and they are connected through a local Ethernet connection. I've got Ubuntu 8.04 32-bit running on old server and Debian 6.0 64-bit on new one. shorewall firewall is installed on both servers. there are some outdoor devices which are periodically sending data to port 43597 for old server IP address. I can run multiple instances of the network service which is responsible for receiving data from devices on a server but on different ports. here's the question: how can I run the service on new server and have connections coming to old server redirected to it, and new devices can still connect to new server's IP address preferably on the same port and same service? until all devices get updated to send to new server. I've tried a shorewall DNAT rule, but seems like new server's default route should be changed to ethernet connection, which breaks other things. I also found about redir utility, but still haven't tried it. is there any best practice or simple solution for such a scenario, i'm not aware of? thanks in advance.

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• Problem creating ODBC connection to SQL Server 2008 with Vista

  - by earlz

  Well, I'm trying to get a database schema thing working, first I tried just doing it in Linux where I'm more comfortable, but ODBC seems to be a hack there and I couldn't get it to work. So I figured it shouldn't be too hard in Windows.. Ok, so I created a SQL Server Client Alias so that I can simply same windowsserver to refer to my SQL server. Then, I went to the ODBC configuration in Control Panel. I clicked Add in the User DSN section. I chose Native SQL Server (10), and then clicked next. Then I typed a short name and a description and gave the servername as windowsserver/SQLEXPRESS Then, I click next, give it my user name and password and click next. Then, after like 2 minutes it says "Login Timeout Expired" What can be wrong here? I know the server is configured cause I have SQL Server Management Studio opened up with that server in it. I'm also just trying to connect over regular TCP/IP and my firewall is disabled.

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• 2 Computers, same network, different outgoing speeds when uploading to internet?

  - by user117339

  I have 2 work machines in my office, a PowerMac G5 and a MacBook Air. Both behind an IPCop firewall. The PowerMac is connected through a gigabit switch, the MacBook Air is connected through a Netgear 802.11g access point that is then plugged into the gigabit switch. There is also a FreeNAS box, both machines are able to read and write files to it at close to their pipe speeds. The main problem is when I am trying to upload files to the internet at large. The G5 is only hitting 0.1 - 0.25 Mbps. The Macbook is able to hit 2-3 Mbps. The setup (G5 / IPCop / Network) has been the same for 5 years. The issues with the internet speed started about 3 months ago. I hadn't tested on the Macbook at this point. I had complained to the ISP, they said their modem needed a firmware update, did that nothing changed. Reset IPCop, turned off squid, etc. No changes. The ISP switched the office over to a better plan with a theoretical 6 Mbps up, still no change. At this point I tried testing the Macbook, and lo and behold there's the speed. But why? I have tried changing out everything, cables, switches, using another ethernet port on the G5, wiping the system, using DHCP, using manual IPs, changing DNS servers, etc. Nothing works. I figured that if there was something horribly wrong with the network, then internally I would find a similar issue, but that is perfect. iperf, ping, etc show no dropped packets and near saturation of the internal network. I'm at a loss as to what the heck is going on. Any ideas would be appreciated! Below are some screenshots of speedtest.net: G5: Macbook Air:

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• 403 Forbiden on Apache (CentOS) Server

  - by pouya

  These are my VM setup: HOST: windows 7 ultimate 32bit GUEST: CentOs 6.3 i386 Virtualization soft: Oracle virtualBox 4.1.22 Networking: NAT -> (PORT FORWARD: HOST:8080 => GUEST:80) Shared Folder: centos all the project files goes into shared folder and for each project file a virtualhost conf file is created in /etc/httpd/conf.d/ like /etc/httpd/conf.d/$domain I wasn't able to see anything in my browser before disabling both windows firewall and iptables in centos after that if i type for example: http://www.$domain:8080/ all i see is: Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at www.$domain.com Port 8080 A sample Virtual Host conf file: <VirtualHost *:80> #General DocumentRoot /media/sf_centos/path/to/public_html ServerAdmin webmaster@$domain ServerName www.$domain ServerAlias $domain *.$domain #Logging ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/$domain-error.log CustomLog /var/log/httpd/$domain-access.log combined #mod rewrite RewriteEngine On RewriteLog /var/log/httpd/$domain-rewrite.log RewriteLogLevel 0 </VirtualHost> centos shared folder is availabe to guest at /media/sf_centos These are file permissons for sf_centos: drwxrwx--- root vboxsf vboxsf group includes: apache and root So these are my questions: 1- How to solve Forbidden Problem? 2- How to setup both host and guest firewalls? 3- How can i improve this developement environment to simulate production environment as much as possible specially security improvements?

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• How to optimize a postgreSQL server for a "write once, read many"-type infrastructure ?

  - by mhu

  Greetings, I am working on a piece of software that logs entries (and related tagging) in a PostgreSQL database for storage and retrieval. We never update any data once it has been inserted; we might remove it when the entry gets too old, but this is done at most once a day. Stored entries can be retrieved by users. The insertion of new entries can happen rather fast and regularly, thus the database will commonly hold several millions elements. The tables used are pretty simple : one table for ids, raw content and insertion date; and one table storing tags and their values associated to an id. User search mostly concern tags values, so SELECTs usually consist of JOIN queries on ids on the two tables. To sum it up : 2 tables Lots of INSERT no UPDATE some DELETE, once a day at most some user-generated SELECT with JOIN huge data set What would an optimal server configuration (software and hardware, I assume for example that RAID10 could help) be for my PostgreSQL server, given these requirements ? By optimal, I mean one that allows SELECT queries taking a reasonably little amount of time. I can provide more information about the current setup (like tables, indexes ...) if needed.

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• MysqlTunner and query_cache_size dilemma

  - by wbad

  On a busy mysql server MySQLTuner 1.2.0 always recommends to add query_cache_size no matter how I increase the value (I tried up to 512MB). On the other hand it warns that : Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance Here are the last results: >> MySQLTuner 1.2.0 - Major Hayden <[email protected]> >> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ >> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.5.25-1~dotdeb.0-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 6G (Tables: 195) [--] Data in PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables: 0B (Tables: 17) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 51 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 1d 19h 17m 8s (254M q [1K qps], 5M conn, TX: 139B, RX: 32B) [--] Reads / Writes: 89% / 11% [--] Total buffers: 24.2G global + 92.2M per thread (1200 max threads) [!!] Maximum possible memory usage: 132.2G (139% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (2K/254M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 32% (391/1200) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 128.0M/92.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (8B cached / 0 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 79.9% (181M cached / 226M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 1033203 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (341 temp sorts / 4M sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 14% (760K on disk / 5M total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (676 created / 5M connections) [OK] Table cache hit rate: 22% (1K open / 8K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 0% (49/13K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (64M immediate / 64M locks) [OK] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 6.1G/19.5G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Reduce your overall MySQL memory footprint for system stability Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance Variables to adjust: *** MySQL's maximum memory usage is dangerously high *** *** Add RAM before increasing MySQL buffer variables *** query_cache_size (> 192M) [see warning above] The server has 76GB ram and dual E5-2650. The load is usually below 2. I appreciate your hints to interpret the recommendation and optimize the database configs.

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• LAN Webserver not accessible through PPTP VPN

  - by Joe

  I have this LAN Network with 10 clients and one server. The server has 4 virtual machines and a BIND DNS Server. When the router assigns an IP through the DHCP , it also gives the ip of the DNS Server, to resolve internal domains. Everything apparently works fine, the clients being able to access the server's vm's resources, but I also have to create the possibility of remote access. I installed the PPTP VPN on the server, and the vpn clients would get the same ip address range as the router's dhcp is assigning. Apparently everything is fine here also, except the fact that when we connect through the vpn , we cannot access the webserver on port 80 ( the webserver being one of the server's VM ). The iptables on the webserver has been turned off for testing purposes and the router's firewall is directing all the external traffic to the server. Can somebody suggest a solution to this? Extra details : VPN Server : PPTP Server Centos 6.3 x64 VPN Client : Windows 7 default PPTP VPN Connection The client is successfully connected to the server, everything works ( FTP/MYSQL/SSH/DNS ) , except the fact that when I try to access the webserver IP on the browser, it won't work.Pinging it works perfectly.

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• Network card shuts down when stressed

  - by user142485

  I have a network card that functions fine with light use, but quits functioning after heavy use. I replaced it with a brand new one and still have the same issue, also updated drivers. It is a wired D-Link card. The Internet seems fine for a small amount of web browsing but when I run a bandwidth test it starts out fast and slows quickly until the card completely quits; I have a constant ping of the gateway going while I run this and it starts timing out after a couple seconds into the speed test. The card will stay on and the data light on it still flashes some but I cannot ping the gateway or anything else until the computer is rebooted. When I boot into safe mode I can browse and run the speed test fine with no problems. I am guessing that this is probably some program that is loading in regular mode but not safe mode that is causing the issue? I have very limited software (turned off av and firewall) on the computer but I am thinking that I'll just have to start eliminating start-up programs and see if that helps. This is on Windows 7 if that makes any difference. Anyone had a similar issue or have any other suggestions/ideas for narrowing down this problem?

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• How to Monitor Network in Medium-Sized Company?

  - by Kyle Lowry

  I work at a medium sized company (100+ employees). An issue that has been cropping up is network performance, internet access in particular. We have about 70 or more computers, a mix of Mac OS X and Windows XP & 7 machines. We have several servers (Exchange server, PC file servers, MS SQL, Blackberry, FTP, Mac server, etc). There are four main switches, a SonicWall firewall, and probably a couple routers in the server room with a dozen or so more scattered around the building. The network structure has grown organically over a number of years; and, as far as I know, there really isn't a monitoring solution in place. When we experience network issues (slow connections, dropped packets, and so on), our general solution is to power cycle some hardware or go around to each employee and ask them if they are uploading/downloading any large files. This is really inefficient and time consuming, and it does not allow us to monitor the network, tackling potential problems proactively. I would like to find a solution that would allow me to monitor network usage company-wide in real time, with detail going down to the individual computer, ideally. Given the hodgepodge of equipment and operating systems, what would be the best way to set up some kind of monitoring solution? Hardware, software, restructuring our network architecture?

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• RAIDs with a lot of spindles - how to safely put to use the "wasted" space

  - by kubanczyk

  I have a fairly large number of RAID arrays (server controllers as well as midrange SAN storage) that all suffer from the same problem: barely enough spindles to keep the peak I/O performance, and tons of unused disk space. I guess it's a universal issue since vendors offer the smallest drives of 300 GB capacity but the random I/O performance hasn't really grown much since the time when the smallest drives were 36 GB. One example is a database that has 300 GB and needs random performance of 3200 IOPS, so it gets 16 disks (4800 GB minus 300 GB and we have 4.5 TB wasted space). Another common example are redo logs for a OLTP database that is sensitive in terms of response time. The redo logs get their own 300 GB mirror, but take 30 GB: 270 GB wasted. What I would like to see is a systematic approach for both Linux and Windows environment. How to set up the space so sysadmin team would be reminded about the risk of hindering the performance of the main db/app? Or, even better, to be protected from that risk? The typical situation that comes to my mind is "oh, I have this very large zip file, where do I uncompress it? Umm let's see the df -h and we figure something out in no time..." I don't put emphasis on strictness of the security (sysadmins are trusted to act in good faith), but on overall simplicity of the approach. For Linux, it would be great to have a filesystem customized to cap I/O rate to a very low level - is this possible?

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• Passive mode FTP file download hangs from specific machine

  - by chiptuned

  I have a server which is an AWS instance that just cannot download files from a specific FTP server. I can connect to the FTP server fine and run some commands, but when I request a file it just hangs. Here is the debug output of the base linux ftp client after login: ---> SYST 215 UNIX Type: Apache FtpServer Remote system type is UNIX. ftp> get outgoing/catalog.gz catalog.gz local: catalog.gz remote: outgoing/catalog.gz ---> PASV 227 Entering Passive Mode (64,156,167,125,135,191) ---> RETR outgoing/catalog.gz 150 File status okay; about to open data connection. Thats it. Then it just sits there and nothing transfers. I have verified that a data connection is made but the client gets no data. ? ss -nt dst 64.156.167.125 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 0 10.185.147.150:41190 64.156.167.125:21 ESTAB 0 0 10.185.147.150:48871 64.156.167.125:48557 The FTP server is not in my control and downloads from other FTP servers in passive mode have worked. Active mode does not work as the system is behind a firewall. Every FTP client I've tried has the same problem. The download works from other systems, even from other AWS instances I have with the same Security Group. Not necessarily the same distro or config though. I understand it may be some issue on the server side, but I want to know what it is about my particular machine where the transfer hangs and where on every other machine I can get my hands on, it works. Please let me know what the culprit on the client side could be or ideas on what else to look at.

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• Why does my ftp(e)s server fails like half of the time

  - by user1092608

  I have this discussion at work regarding our ftp server running via vsftpd. Initially, we have opted to serve ftpes instead of sftp because this seemed the most flexible and straightforward solution for our server to have secure file transmission. Afterwards, our ftp server seems to be a source of issues for our end users. Half of the time, users complain about not working ftp connections. I must say, i tested our FTP trough different infrastructures (=in the field, at random times at random places) and indeed, sometimes behind some configurations (=no idea how they are configured, because the 'field' testing), i recieve errors. Some of the are: Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing (filezilla) Furthermore, behind my basic home configuration, everything seems to be running fine. I (think I) did all the basic configuration checks (passive mode?, firewall for all ports?, ...) and can't seem to find the source. Being a bunch of techies at our small office, yet knowing nothing about infrastructure, some start suggesting that ftps protocol could be the source of issues. ("No, i only knew sftp so far" "Ftps is not widespread"). I, however, strongly doubt this hypothesis, since reading around on the www, asking questions on serverfault, everyone seems to deny this. So, as I would like to avoid reconfiguring, since this involves messing around in our SSH service, our virtual user setup and ftp service, i would need some advice on 1) what could be potentially the general cause? 2) do you have some general tips? 3) would you mind having a look at my configuration file? ----- General Settings ----- write_enable=YES dirmessage_enable=YES nopriv_user=ftpsecure ftpd_banner="Welcome to XXXX FTP!" hide_ids=YES hide_file=.* max_per_ip=10 max_clients=10 local_enable=YES local_umask=022 chroot_local_user=YES secure_chroot_dir=/usr/share/empty userlist_enable=NO userlist_deny=YES userlist_file=/etc/vsftp_deny_users guest_enable=YES guest_username=ftpvirtual virtual_use_local_privs=YES user_sub_token=$USER local_root=/srv/ftp/ftpvirtual/$USER anonymous_enable=NO syslog_enable=NO xferlog_enable=YES xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd_xfer.log connect_from_port_20=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd listen=YES listen_port=21 pasv_enable=YES pasv_min_port=30000 pasv_max_port=30030 pasv_address=foo ssl_enable=YES rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd.pem force_local_data_ssl=YES force_local_logins_ssl=YES ssl_tlsv1=YES ssl_sslv2=YES ssl_sslv3=YES ssl_ciphers=HIGH anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO anon_root=/srv/ftp anon_upload_enable=NO idle_session_timeout=900 log_ftp_protocol=NO dsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd.pem Thanks

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• W2003StdR2 server: DNS dysfunctional!

  - by Tor

  I hate to have to do this, but i feel up that creek with no... well, some of you might know. At the moment my one and only DNS server refuses to do Forwarding. The story is as goes: This site had 2 servers, one W2003SBS and an W2003StdR2. The SBS degraded over a short periode of time, and to not go down with it i decided to move all data over to the other server. This was of course an AD integrated site. Move went ok, the Std server removed from the domain, and the SBS put to rest. For the time being we decided to run the Std as a server only, and no AD. We renamed the internal domain to xxx.local, and set the server up with DNS, DHCP and installed WINS (not activated). Forwarding of DNS is to our ISP through a Netgear Firewall. The same address setup used as before. So - DNS server started and all went ok, clients reconfigured and hooked up and then - after a day's time - internet name resolution stopped working on the server! Nothing had changed, been altered, modified, nothing! What i now get when doing NSLOOKUP is just a 2 sec timeout response! And i have checked and looked, but to no avail. Anybody seen this behaviour before? And yes - ALL servicepacks have been updated on the server. I would be much obliged if anyone in here could lend an ear... and give advice! Thanks.... from Tor in Norway Today is the 14th, and i still have no resolution to this nagging problem. Anybody else got any advice in the matter? Please?

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• Printer deployment via Group Policy not working on a single system

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  One of my coworkers just got a new laptop running Windows 7 Pro x64. We use a GPO to deploy the printers to every system, but for some reason it is not working on this system. I have been breaking my head over this for the past 3 hours now without any result. The strange thing is that gpresult /H seems to indicate that the GPO did run. The hardware: Laptop: Windows 7 Professional x64 Print server: Windows Server 2008 x64 R1 HP Color LaserJet 2605dn HP LaserJet P2015 Driver packages on server: HP universal printer driver PCL5, both X86 as X64 Oddities and other info: GPO working flawlessly on every other system, including my own Windows 7 Ultimate X64 laptop gpresult /H shows the GPO being ran Windows Firewall completely disabled on the new laptop Below is the output for gpresult /H (in Dutch sadly, but I think you'll recognize it): Beleidsregels Windows-instellingen Printerverbindingen Pad Dominerend groepsbeleidsobject \\Server2008\HP Color LaserJet 2605dn Printers \\Server2008\HP LaserJet P2015 Printers Beheersjablonen Beleidsdefinities (ADMX-bestanden) opgehaald van de lokale computer. Configuratiescherm/Printers Beleid Instelling Dominerend groepsbeleidsobject Beperkingen van point-and-print Uitgeschakeld Printers Like I said, I have been trying to figure this out for the past few hours or so without any result, so you are my last hope. Any help is appreciated.

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• Autossh startup on Ubuntu 10.04 - fails after powering off

  - by grant

  I'm using upstart to keep a reverse ssh tunnel alive using auto ssh similar to Using Upstart to Manage AutoSSH Reverse Tunnel. This works fine, except after a manual power down I can no longer connect to the machine through the "central server" using the tunnel. I receive "ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host". The autossh process is running on the client. I can connect again after re-starting networking. I'm trying to figure out why this is failing consistently after a manual shutdown. Is it possible that I need to do some cleanup on startup that would allow the tunnel to work in this situation, or are there some other debugging/troubleshooting steps I can take to determine the problem? Machine A is the client machine, using autossh. This machine sits behind a firewall and uses the following command in upstart to create an ssh tunnel: /usr/bin/autossh -fN -i /keyfile -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -R 20098:localhost:22 user@centralserver Machine B we'll call the "central server", which sits in the cloud and is the host. This machine is "centralserver" in the command above. When Machine A is hard powered off, and back on, I cannot connect to it by SSH'ing from my machine (C) to Machine B in the cloud, then using the following command to get to Machine A: ssh -p 2098 user@localhost Again, after a reboot of the client (A), this works fine. It is only after a hard power down that the problem occurs. There are autossh processes that are running on the client machine (A) after powering down and back up, but they just don't seem to doing their job.

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• How to set up a server without a hosting control panel

  - by A4J

  I have always used a control panel on my dedicated servers - from cPanel to Plesk to Virtualmin, and I am now considering ditching a CP altogether and manually editing config files. My requirements are fairly simple, I will host multiple sites on the server; some Apache with PHP & Mysql and some Passenger with Rails & Postgres. All will require email smtp/pop. FTP/Stats will not be required. Could someone please give me a quick run-down of what I would need to do - in terms of installing software and configuration? My server will come with a base install of CentOS 6.4 minimal. My thoughts so far: Install/update latest versions of MySQL & Postgres (are they 'safe' out of the box? Or do I need to do anything else like set up root passwords etc?) Install Apache & PHP (again, are the base installs good to go or do they require security tweaks?) Set up nameservers/hostnames/reverse DNS etc (Any guides on how to do this please?) Install Rubygems Install and configure Dovecot and Postfix (any tips on doing this? Or links to how-tos that cover it please?) Set up each website - any links to guides on how to do this? Install/configure firewall (or is the default install good to go?) Any other tips or advice would be greatly appreciated, as would links to guides or how-tos.

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• connections in FIN_WAIT and CLOSE_WAIT state

  - by Raj

  I would like to elaborate the setup so You guys can understand the question and answer more accurately. I have HAProxy as load-balancer, 4 webservers (apache 2.2.3) and one database server (MySQL 5). I am monitoring these servers by nagios. I have disabled the keepalive on apache as we have only 8GB of memory. Now what happens whenever I receive alerts for high memory and cpu utilization, I have observed that the connections from apache to database server hang in established mode (keepalive with timeout value of 7200) and at other side means connections between haproxy and apache shows status as FIN_WAIT on haproxy server and CLOSE_WAIT at apache side. I also see the huge memory swapping and apache taking the most of the memory. I did strace on apache process and did not find any information. strace gets attached to apache process but did not produce any output. The processlist on Mysql server show s those processes in sleep mode. The application on webserver is Magento a php application. if you need further information please let me know. Thanks.

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• Transfer iptables rules to another server (almost) real time

  - by MrShunz

  I'm running 2 cPanel servers with ConfigServer Security & Firewall plugin. One of the functions of the plugin is to block via iptables (temporarily and/or permanently) IPs which fail various authentications (POP3/IMAP, SMTP, FTP, webmail, mod_security and such). Now, i'd like to push those IP blocks to the border router to drop packets as soon as possible (and doing so protecting the other machines on the network). Keep in mind that after N failed logins IP is blocked for 5 minutes, then re-allowed. If multiple bans occours in an hour IP is blocked permanently and should be unlocked "by hand". So I need a near realtime solution. What I'm looking for is a better way than firing some cronjobs both on cPanels and border router to: dump the rules to file transfer the file to border router (via scp/sftp) load the rules from the file in the border router I'm aware that I will need some scripts to parse and modify the rules as cPanels have one ethernet interface and some aliases while border router has two ehternet interfaces and some loopbacks. All machines involved use Linux. EDIT as per @pjmorse comment. The plugin consists of a bunch of perl and config files. The part I'm intrested in is a process which scans logfiles (lfd) and installs iptables rules (and sends an alert email). Fact is, it upgrades quite often (one or two times a week) and itself is 7000 lines of perl so I'm not comfortable on tampering with it.

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• One workstation gets slow access to the server, but others are fast

  - by Mike Hanson

  I've just setup a machine with Windows Server 2008. It hosts various services, like IIS, POP3, SMTP, Music for Squeezeboxes, VNC. All was working well for the first week or so. One day I needed to create a mapped drive on the server, so it could access files on my workstation. Windows indicated that Network Discovery was needed, so I turned it on with the "Home / Office" option (rather than "Public"). This may be coincidence, but since that time I've been having troubles accessing various services from my main workstation (running Windows 7/64): POP3 continued working correctly, but SMTP was delayed or failed entirely. (Telnet took 20 seconds to connect, but Outlook would never send messages.) VNC failed entirely. I reinstalled it on the server, and now it works but feels sluggish. The music web server was extremely delayed and usually failed. I tried reinstalling, and now it takes about 30 seconds to show the page name on the browser tab, and another 30 seconds to display any page contents. Other machines on the local network seem fine, as do machines connected via the Internet. I don't believe I changed anything on my own machine that would cause this. I considered the possibility that my anti-virus was involved, so I uninstalled AVG (commercial version), but that didn't help. I installed Norton 360 after that, and it didn't complain of viruses on my machine, and the delays remained. Because only my machine is affect, I'm tempted to blame it, except that reinstalling software on the server improved the situation, so there is almost certainly something going on with the server too. The firewall has all the necessary ports open, and it works fine for the other workstations (including external machines connected via the Internet), which indicates that it should be OK. Any ideas?

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• Issues with returned mail sent to web-based email domains

  - by Beeder

  My company is having issues with returned mail that we send out to external domains. A few weeks ago we replaced a firewall and changed ISP providers and began subsequently having issues RECEIVING emails from external sources because we hadn't updated our new IPs in the DNS records. After making the necessary configuration changes and setting up SMTP forwarding over port 25 to our mail server, everything was working fine up until a few days ago when we started having mail sent out returned to us. We aren't having any trouble communicating internally (to recipients on our domain) but it seems we're having trouble with outbound messages to web-based email recipients. (@hotmail, @live, @yahoo, @gmail...etc) Currently we are running Server 2003 SP2 and exchange 2003. I'm very unfamiliar with configuring Exchange and could really use some help in narrowing down the possibilities. I did some research and am becoming suspicious of Sender ID being the culprit due to our recent IP address change and the likelihood that Sender ID is identifying us as a fake domain. Am I going in entirely the wrong direction? Any input or guidance would be infinitely appreciated. This is the message that is returned when an outbound message fails...this particular one was sent to my @live.com account for testing purposes... Your message did not reach some or all of the intended recipients. The following recipient(s) could not be reached: [email protected] on 5/17/2012 3:02 PM There was a SMTP communication problem with the recipient's email server. Please contact your system administrator. Unfortunately, messages from xx.x.xx.x weren't sent. Please contact your Internet service provider since part of their network is on our block list. I tried a reverse DNS lookup and found that we are set up as a Forward-confirmed reverse DNS. So do I just need to contact my ISP and have them correct their DNS records or is this something I can solve on our end??

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