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  • Configure bash_profile for one single terminal emulator

    - by Hugo
    I'm using a new terminal emulator. Terminology is the E17 default terminal, and it have a great command, $ tyls with is a "graphical" $ ls I want to create an alias just for this terminal, because the command "tyls" don't make sense to konsole, rxvt or other terminals. I'm thinking in some kind of "if" in ~/.bash_profile to test if I'm on terminology and then run the following command: alias ls="tyls" But how can I test if I'm in terminology but not xterm? Can someone help me? Thanks!

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  • My smtp server is spammed?

    - by Milos
    I have a server and the postfix client on it. Since several days, I noticed a lot of processes running there. When checked, there are a lot of emails sent. Here is an example from the mail log: Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: connect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: connect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: 525E7114012D: client=dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 525E7114012D: message-id=<B55835C9027BFA9D16CCBB556DB2F48BB82DF004000480BA-db0c3ce8aa74446411898d0d2feb3001@email.filmforthoughtinc.com> Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: from=<[email protected]>, size=10702, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: EC52711401DC: client=unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: disconnect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[8597]: EC52711401DC: message-id=<4C905D97606B436FE50C6F738DE014D9D84F2185BA815D81-1a4dbe6fc2bfcc8183f5faf901cfa15e@email.manguerasespecializadas.com> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: 525E7114012D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.55/0/0.45/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[10067]: 8B1E11140268: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: 525E7114012D: sender non-delivery notification: 8B1E11140268 Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: from=<>, size=12693, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: removed Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: from=<[email protected]>, size=10978, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: connect to aspmx.l.google.com[2607:f8b0:400d:c03::1b]:25: Network is unreachable Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: disconnect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: 8B1E11140268: to=<[email protected]>, relay=aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26]:25, delay=0.5, delays=0.06/0/0.28/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26] said: 550-5.1.1 The email account that you tried to reach does not exist. Please try 550-5.1.1 double-checking the recipient's email address for typos or 550-5.1.1 unnecessary spaces. Learn more at 550 5.1.1 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=6596 l7si24621420qad.26 - gsmtp (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: removed Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: EC52711401DC: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.66/0/0.44/0.12, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 414361140254: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: EC52711401DC: sender non-delivery notification: 414361140254 Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: from=<>, size=13057, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: removed Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/smtp[10002]: 414361140254: to=<[email protected]>, relay=manguerasespecializadas.com[99.198.96.210]:25, delay=2.9, delays=0.04/0/2.1/0.84, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK id=1XJPGs-0007BE-OI) Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: removed IS my server attacked, spammed? How to check that? Thank you.

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  • How can I copy the output from a remote command into the local clipboard?

    - by cwd
    I use iTerm2 as my terminal client in Mac OS X. On the local system I can use pbcopy and pbpaste to transfer data between the system clipboard and the terminal, but of course this doesn't work when you're ssh'ed to another machine. Is there some way which I can take the result of a command and copy it to the clipboard automatically? Perhaps an applescript to grab the text on the iTerm windows, then get the next to last line? For instance, if I wanted to copy the current working directory: I run pwd, then use the mouse to select the text, and then press command + c. Is there any better / faster / automatic way of doing this? I'm not looking for a bulletproof solution that would work for every command (eg: might not work when there is a huge scrollback) - I'm just looking for something to make this task that I do quite often a little less tedious. Update I'm looking into using screen to do this, but I'm still not sure if it is possible.

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  • Execute encrypted files but don't let anybody read them.

    - by Stebi
    I want to provide a virtual machine image with an installed web application. The user should be able to boot the vm (don't login, just boot) and a webserver should start automatically. The point is I want to hide the (ruby) source code of the web application from everyone as there is no obfuscator for ruby. I thought I could use file system encryption to encrypt the directory with the sourcecode (or even a whole partition). But the webserver user must be able to read it automatically after booting. Nobody is allowed to login as the webserver user (or any other user) so no other can read the contents. My questions are now: Is this possible? Because I give away the whole vm everybody could mount its virtual discs and read them (except the encrypted one). Is it now possible to find the key the webserver user needs to decrypt the files and decrypt them manually? Or is it safe to give such a vm away? The problem is that everything needed to decrypt must be included somewhere in the vm else the webserver cannot start automatically. Maybe I'm completely wrong and you have another tip for me securing the source code.

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  • Killing all processes of current user

    - by Vi
    user@host$ killall -9 -u user Will it definitely kill all processes owned by user (including forkbombs)? No new processes is spawned to user from other users. No user's processes are in D-sleep and unkillable. No processes are trying to detect and ptrace or terminate this started killall. E.g. if killall will finish untampered and successfully is it 100% that no processes are left with this uid?

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  • Can't work with server after modifying /lib/libc.so.6

    - by Afshin
    I have a CentOS server, VPS. After running this command I can't work with server and get the same error in all actions (SSH, Login, ls and ...) The command: ln -s /lib/libc.so.1 /lib/libc.so.6 -f And the error is: /sbin/shutdown: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory I have VNC to server but because I can't login to server, that's unusable. Thanks in advance.

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  • Very high memory usage, but not claimed by any process?

    - by SharkWipf
    While stress-testing LVM on one of our Debian servers, I came across this issue where memory would fill up a lot to the point where it would run the server out of memory, but no process would claim the memory. See http://i.imgur.com/cLn5ZHS.png, and see http://serverfault.com/a/449102/125894 for an explanation on the colors used in htop. Why is this happening? And is there any way to see what process is using the memory? Htop is configured not to hide any processes, so what is it that htop is missing? In this particular case, I can fairly certainly say that it is caused, directly or indirectly, by lvmcreate, lvmremove or dmsetup, as I was stress-testing that. Do note that this question is not about solving the LVM problem, but about why the memory isn't claimed by any process. Stopping all LVM commands does bring the memory back down to <600MB.

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  • How to Configure Sendmail / Webmin for second IP?

    - by user310594
    Hi, LAMP Centos5.4 Webmin Until recently I have had all domains using "server1.example.com" Now I have newdomain.com on second.ip.address.works (works for DNS that is) Please tell me how to setup sendmail so the mail is sent from the second ip address? This is new for me: IF I need to create a second server called "server2.domain2.com", then please tell exactly how since I'm only experienced with one server per VPS. Whether "server2.domain2.com" needs to be created or not, here is exactly what is needed: # Mail being sent from domains using ns1.example.com needs to be sent from that server and that IP. Mail being sent from domains using nsother.example2.com sent from that IP + how to set up the second server / hostname, if needed. Thank you.

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  • Streaming audio/video in a publicly-hosted server increases bandwith usage

    - by Eka
    I have a website hosted in a public server (withoud any streaming content) ,using public hosting instead of private because its cheaper. But in public hosting their are limitations when compared to private hosting such as monthly bandwidth usage (1 GB), disk space, cpu usage etc. I am planning to embedd videos and audios (from other websites like youtube) to my already existing website. My question is if a client streams a embedded video/audio (hosted in another website) from my website any change in bandwidth occurs.

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  • Large file copy from NFS to local disk performance drop

    - by Bernhard
    I'm trying to copy a 200GB file from an NFS mount to a local disk. The local disk is an XFS filesystem on a LVM on top of a RAID 5 system (hardware RAID controler). I'm using rsync to monitor the transfer speed. At the beginning the IO speed is about 200MB/s, stable for the first 18GB. But then the performance drops by a factor of 10-20 and never recovers to the initial rate. Sometimes it reaches about 50-100MB/s but just for a few seconds and then the process seems to hang for a bit. At the same time all file-stat operations on the target filesystem are blocking for a long time (minutes). Also interrupting the copy process blocks for several minutes, a sub-sequent delete of the partly copied file takes also several minutes. Any ideas what could be causing this?

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  • How to understand cpu family/model/stepping fields in /proc/cpuinfo

    - by Victor Sorokin
    I have following in cpuinfo: processor : 0 vendor_id : AuthenticAMD cpu family : 15 model : 107 model name : AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 5600+ stepping : 2 According to Wikipedia page there are two kinds of 5600+ -- one of 90nm technology, another of 65nm. How can I understand which one I have? There seem to be no direct correspondence between contents of cpuinfo and info on Wikipedia page. AMD site seems to use some other naming scheme for processors too. How can I map values of family, model and stepping from cpuinfo to the data available on Wikipedia/AMD?

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  • mount multiple folders with nfs4 on centos

    - by microchasm
    I'm trying to get nfs4 working here. Machine 1 (server) I have a folder and in it 2 other folders I'm trying to share independently. /shared/folder1 /shared/folder2 Problem is, I can't seem to figure out how to mount the folders independently on the client. (Machine 1 - server) /etc/exports: /var/shared/folder1 192.168.200.101(rw,fsid=0,sync) /var/shared/folder2 192.168.200.101(rw,fsid=0,sync) ... exportfs -ra (Machine 2 - client) /etc/fstab: 192.168.200.201:/folder1/ /home/nfsmnt/folder1 nfs4 rw 0 0 ... mount /home/nfsmnt/folder1 mount.nfs4: 192.168.200.201:/folder1/ failed, reason given by server: No such file or directory The folder is there. I'm positive. I think there is something simple I'm missing, but I'm totally missing it. It seems like there should be a way in fstab to tell nfs which folder on the server I want to mount. But I can only find references to what looks like a root mount point (e.g. 192.168.1.1:/) which I assume is handled by exports on the server. But even with the folders set up in exports, there doesn't seem to be an apparent way to pich and choose which gets mounted. Is it not possible to mount separate folders from the same server to different mount points on the client? Any help appreciated.

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  • How can I recover an ext4 filesystem corrupted after a fsck?

    - by Regan
    I have an ext4 filesystem on luks over software raid5. The filesystem was operating "just fine" for several years when I was beginning to run out of space. I had a 9T volume on 6x2T drives. I began upgrading to 3T drives by doing the mdadm fail, remove, add, rebuild, repeat process until I had a larger array. I then grew the luks container, and then when I unmounted and tried to resize2fs I was given the message the filesystem was dirty and needed e2fsck. Without thinking I just did e2fsck -y /dev/mapper/candybox and it began spewing all kinds of inode being removed type messages (can't remember exactly) I killed e2fsck and tried to remount the filesystem to backup data I was concerned about. When trying to mount at this point I get: # mount /dev/mapper/candybox /candybox mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/candybox, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Looking back at my older logs I noticed the filesystem was giving this error each time the machine booted: kernel: [79137.275531] EXT4-fs (dm-2): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended So shame on me for not paying attention :( I then tried to mount using every backup superblock (one after another) and each attempt left this in my log: EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (26534!=65440) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 1 failed (38021!=36729) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 2 failed (18336!=39845) ... EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 11911 failed (28743!=44098) BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 23s! [mount:2939] Attempts to restart e2fsck results in: # e2fsck /dev/mapper/candybox e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) e2fsck: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... candy: recovering journal e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on candy At this point, I decided it best to order some more drives and make an image using ddrescue Now two weeks later I have an image of the luks partition in a .img file. # ls -lh total 14T -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14T Oct 25 01:57 candybox.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 Oct 20 14:32 candybox.logfile After numerous attempts using everything I could find online I could not coerce e2fsck to do anything on the image, so I used mkfs.ext4 -L candy candybox.img -m 0 -S and I was able to mount the dirty filesystem readonly without the journal and recover 960G of data. It gave all kinds of errors of various directories not existing and so forth but I was able to get some stuff. Which gave me some hope! I then ran e2fsck again and it had to recreate the root inode and gave a massive list of correcting group counts, I accepted the root inode creation and said no to everything else, leaving a completely empty filesystem. Re-ran again and said yes to all questions with the same result but now a "clean" but empty filesystem. extundelete gives me 0 recoverable inodes found. And now I'm stuck again, I can't come up with any other methods other than dropping to something like photorec which will give me an absolute mess with how large the filesystem was. I'm willing to re-copy the image from the original array and start over, if I can get any suggestions or ideas on a way to get more of my files back. I wish I could give more detailed logs of the commands that have run, but the output is long scrolled passed except for what gets logged to syslog and my memory is not as detailed due to the timeframe this has occurred over. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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  • kill a hung mount process

    - by John P
    I have a virtual machine drive that ran out of space, so I shutdown the VM, extended the volume using lvextend. After resizing the partition (ext3), I ran e2fsck on it, and it found and corrected errors. Unfortunately, when I ran efsck one more time, there were more errors that had to be fixed. I went through 3 rounds of e2fsck before I decided to try mounting it to clean up some space manually. I tried mounting it, but the mount process hung. I tried to "kill -9" the mount process, but that did not kill it. I killed the parent process, but that did not kill it either. Any ideas on how to kill a rogue mount process? Some evidence: ps -l 13292 F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD 4 R 0 13292 1 99 85 0 - 17964 - ? 11:27 mount /dev/mapper/xen7-123p3 /tmp/p3/ lsof -p 13292 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mount 13292 root cwd DIR 9,2 4096 25264129 /root mount 13292 root rtd DIR 9,2 4096 2 / mount 13292 root txt REG 9,2 61656 2916434 /bin/mount mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 144776 31457282 /lib64/ld-2.5.so mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 1718232 31457284 /lib64/libc-2.5.so mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 23360 31457291 /lib64/libdl-2.5.so mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 43808 31457783 /lib64/libblkid.so.1.0 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 247496 31457331 /lib64/libsepol.so.1 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 95464 31457337 /lib64/libselinux.so.1 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 154640 31457491 /lib64/libdevmapper.so.1.02 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 17936 31457472 /lib64/libuuid.so.1.2 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 56438208 12684878 /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive mount 13292 root 0u CHR 136,11 0t0 13 /dev/pts/11 (deleted) mount 13292 root 1u CHR 136,11 0t0 13 /dev/pts/11 (deleted) mount 13292 root 2u CHR 136,11 0t0 13 /dev/pts/11 (deleted) umount -f /tmp/p3/ umount2: Invalid argument umount: /tmp/p3/: not mounted

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  • Anyone know a good web-based file upload package?

    - by Ted Wexler
    Basically, what I'm looking for is a place for either one of our end users to be able to upload a file to this package, after either receiving a code from one of our support engineers or vice-versa(our engineers upload a file and send a code/link/something to end user) I've spent a bunch of time googling this, I found this: http://turin.nss.udel.edu/programming/dropbox2/, but the code there scares me, and it also doesn't render properly using PHP 5.3(uses short tags, who knows what else.) Does anyone have any recommendations?

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  • Easier way to create floppy disk images?

    - by Bryan
    I'm using Vyatta routers with KVM and want to attach a floppy drive with a config file for Vyatta when I boot the image. I'll be doing this over and over again, and as such am looking for an automated way of creating the floppy images. Right now, I'm doing the following: Create floppy image with qemu-img create Format floppy image with mkdosfs Mount floppy image with mount -t fat /tmp/floppy.img /media/floppy Populate floppy image with cp -r /tmp/configs/ /media/floppy/ Unmount floppy image with umount /media/floppy Save floppy image with mv /tmp/floppy.img ~/floppies/ Any chance there's an easier way to do this?! Perhaps a shortcut application that I can give a directory to and it will do all this for me w/out having to mount the image?

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  • USB forwarding from dom0 to domU

    - by Karolis T.
    What are my options to forward two USB connected phones to xen guest? I've read about PCI-passthrough http://www.wlug.org.nz/XenPciPassthrough, but I'm sure usb controller in the server isn't a pci card. There's device level forwarding, but I need to forward two devices, this here doesn't say how to do it: http://www.olivetalks.com/2008/02/03/usb-forwarding-on-xen-it-just-does-not-work/ Would something as simple as: usbdevice = [ 'host:xxx', 'host:yyy', ] work? EDIT: I'm now starting a bounty. This is really important for me and for other people also, hoping someone who have this resolved will be able to help.

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  • One NIC going to sleep on Centos system

    - by sbleon
    I have two Dell boxes with two ethernet ports a piece. I have a cable directly connecting two of these ports, creating a tiny LAN with 10.3.3.x addresses. The other port on each box is hooked up to a switch and has a DHCP-supplied address to talk to the outside world. I've noticed that when scp'ing large files from one box to the other over the private LAN, the transfers sometimes stall. It appears that any other network activity on either box will cause the transfer to resume. Wake-on-LAN is disabled on all interfaces according to ethtool. What else could be causing these stalled transfers?

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  • how're routing tables populated?

    - by Robbie Mckennie
    i've been reading "tcp/ip illustrated" and i started reading about ip forwarding. all about how you can receive a datagram and work out where to send it next based on the desination ip and your routing table. but what confused me is how (in a home network setting) the table itself is populated. is there a lower layer protocol at work here? does it come along with dhcp? or is it simply based on the ip address and netmask of each interface? i do know (from other books) that in the early days of ethernet one had to set up routing tables by hand, but i know i didn't do that.

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  • ffmpeg: video file played OK on Ubuntu, but no sound on XP

    - by Andy Le
    I created a video clip using ffmpeg (vcodec: mpeg2video, acodec: AC3 5.1). The file can be played normally on Ubuntu, but when I play it on an XP machine, there is no sound. I can play AC3 files and other movies with AC3 sound. I already tried many codec packs and many players. When I compare the MediaInfo tab of the Properties window of the file with another playable movie, I see that the Audio Identifier of the audio stream in my file is 0x80 while it is 0x02 in the other movie. So I guess that's why players on XP can't recognize the audio codec. When I use an MKV container instead of MPEG (still mpeg2video codec), then the result is OK on both Ubuntu and XP (with the correct Audio ID). I really need MPEG though. Any idea? This is the command I used: ~/ffmpeg/ffmpeg/ffmpeg -loop_input \ -t 97 -r 30000/1001 -i v%4d.tga -i final.ac3 \ -vcodec mpeg2video -qscale 1 -s 400x400 -r 30000/1001 \ -acodec copy -y out6.mpeg 2 This is the output of mediainfo (on Ubuntu): General Complete name : out6.mpeg Format : MPEG-PS File size : 6.86 MiB Duration : 1mn 37s Overall bit rate : 593 Kbps Video ID : 224 (0xE0) Format : MPEG Video Format version : Version 2 Format profile : Main@Main Format settings, BVOP : No Format settings, Matrix : Default Format_Settings_GOP : M=1, N=12 Duration : 1mn 37s Bit rate mode : Variable Bit rate : 122 Kbps Width : 400 pixels Height : 400 pixels Display aspect ratio : 1.000 Frame rate : 29.970 fps Resolution : 8 bits Colorimetry : 4:2:0 Scan type : Progressive Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.025 Stream size : 1.41 MiB (21%) Audio ID : 128 (0x80) Format : AC-3 Format/Info : Audio Coding 3 Duration : 1mn 36s Bit rate mode : Constant Bit rate : 448 Kbps Channel(s) : 6 channels Channel positions : Front: L C R, Side: L R, LFE Sampling rate : 44.1 KHz Stream size : 5.18 MiB (75%)

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  • Using MongoDB + Redis + Apache on the same server in production?

    - by Dayson
    I intend to launch my web app using a 8 GB VPS. It uses MongoDB + Redis for storage/caching and Apache + PHP-FPM for serving requests. Could there be any issues with running Mongo + Redis + Apache on the same server? Would it make more sense to setup 2 x 4 GB VPS servers and keep Mongo on one and Redis + Apache on another? Should I just start with one server and worry about scaling horizontally later by delegating the existing server to Mongo in the future (due to its large RAM) and moving the web servers on to multiple smaller VPS'?

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