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  • Linux - Help, I'm running out of inodes!

    - by Rory McCann
    I have a filesystem that has lots of small files. Currently about 80% of inodes are used (I checked with df -i), however only 60% of disk space is used. How can I 'increase' the number of inodes? If it was just disk space, I know that I could just increase the size of the disk (this disk is on LVM). If I increase the size of the disk, will that make me have more inodes? I'm willing to grow the filesystem this disk is on, if that'd help.

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  • Lazy umount or Unmounting a busy disk in Linux

    - by deed02392
    I have read that it is possible to 'umount' a disk that is otherwise busy by using the 'lazy' option. The manpage has this to say about it: umount - unmount file systems -l Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. This option allows a "busy" filesystem to be unmounted. (Requires kernel 2.4.11 or later.) But what would be the point in that? I considered why we dismount partitions at all: To remove the hardware To perform operations on the filesystem that would be unsafe to do while mounted In either of these cases, all a 'lazy' unmount serves IMHO is to make it more difficult to determine if the disk really is dismounted and you can actually proceed with these actions. The only application for umount -l seems to be for inexperienced users to 'feel' like they've achieved something they haven't. Why would you use a lazy unmount?

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  • Routing data through VPN in linux

    - by Shadyabhi
    I think its a silly question but still here it goes.. Terminal Output: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1c:c0:37:5e:25 inet addr:10.100.98.51 Bcast:10.100.98.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21c:c0ff:fe37:5e25/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:29677 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5209 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:3179007 (3.1 MB) TX bytes:610142 (610.1 KB) Memory:e0380000-e03a0000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:76 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:76 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:9555 (9.5 KB) TX bytes:9555 (9.5 KB) vpn_0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:ac:39:95:a1:16 inet6 addr: fe80::2ac:39ff:fe95:a116/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1786 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:128597 (128.5 KB) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Actually, I followed this tutorial to setup the PacketiX VPN on ubuntu. Now, how do I actually use this VPN? Terminal Output: shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$ route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.100.98.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 default 10.100.98.4 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$ As told in tutorial, if I do route del default route add default dev vpn_0 I am not able to surf the internet. And I get the route command output as: root@shadyabhi-desktop:/home/shadyabhi# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.100.98.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 default * 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 vpn_0 root@shadyabhi-desktop:/home/shadyabhi# I know I am not able to route the traffic properly. How do i do that?

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  • find command in Linux

    - by Martin
    My goal is to find all pdf files on a remote machine, so I resort to the useful command find. So I type find ~ *.pdf or find ~ "*.pdf" and I get nothing. I do the same on my machine and I get nothing. I do a regular search from the menu on my machine and I find quite a few pdf files. Would somebody please tell me what am I doing wrong?

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  • cpu load measure with hyperthreading on linux

    - by dronus
    How can I get the true usage of a multicore hyperthreading enabled cpu? For example lets consider a 2 core CPU, expressing 4 virtual cores. A single threaded workload would now show up as 100% in top, as one core of the virtual cores is completely used. The CPU and top work as expected, like there would be 4 real cores. With two threads however, the things get arkward: If all works well, they are balanced to the two real cores, so we got 200% usage: Two times 100% and two idle virtual cores, and are using all of the available CPU power. Seems ok to me. However, if the two threads would run on a single real core, they would show up as using two times 100%, that makes 200% virtual core usage. But on the real side, that would be one core sharing its power on the two threads, which are then using only one half of the total CPU power. So the usage numbers shown by top can not be used to measure the total CPU workload. I also wonder how hyperthreading balances two virtual on a real core. If two threads take a different amount of cycles, would the virtual cores 'adapt' so that both show a 100% load even if the real load differ?

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  • Linux Scheduler (not using all cores on multi-core machine) RHEL6

    - by User512
    I'm seeing strange behavior on one of my servers (running RHEL 6). There seems to be something wrong with the scheduler. Here's the test program I'm using: #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> void RunClient(int i) { printf("Starting client %d\n", i); while (true) { } } int main(int argc, char** argv) { for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { pid_t p_id = fork(); if (p_id == -1) { perror("fork"); } else if (p_id == 0) { RunClient(i); exit(0); } } return 0; } This machine has a lot more than 4 cores so we'd expect all processes to be running at 100%. When I check on top, the cpu usage varies. Sometimes it's split (100%, 33%, 33%, 33%), other times it's split (100%, 100%, 50%, 50%). When I try this test on another server of ours (running RHEL 5), there are no issues (it's 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%) as expected. What's causing this and how can I fix it? Thanks

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  • Linux (Kubuntu 9.10): Strange DNS problem [seems to be IPv6 issue]

    - by Homer J. Simpson
    Hi, I'm experiencing strange problems with my Kubuntu 9.10 when doing DNS requests from various applications. The requests are extremely slow, so loading any pages in Firefox or Konqueror, doing package installations in Kpackagemanager and other apps is really painful, while for example Opera doesnt have any problems, and ping is normally fast as well for DNS pings. I checked the proxy settings of both the used applications as well as of the general system and there are none, so to me it doesn't seem as there was something inbetween.. Does anybody have an idea on what to check for possible problem sources or how to solve this ? I'm behind a DSL home router which does the DHCP (and works well with my other computer). Any kind of advice would be really helpful. Edit: It seems to be some kind of IPv6 problem, as I could get it to work by disabling IPv6 explicitly in Firefox. Is there a general solution to this ?

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  • Looking for Linux text editor

    - by Daniel
    I'm looking for VIM replacement. My key points are: Extensible in sane language (such as Python, Ruby, or even Lua, after vimscript everything will do). Also GUI part should be extensible too, so no SublimeText2. GUI. Preferrably GTK+. Lightweight. I don't understand IDEs like Eclipse/NetBeans consuming up to 1G of RAM. File browser panel. Splits, tabs and windows. There should be ability to split views tabs infinite number of times (or while they fit to screen). VCS support (optional: especially Git) Snippets & autocompletion (not mandatory, but I would very love to have those) Any ideas?

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  • linux need to discover local sata mirror before hba attached scsi

    - by Ryan
    (none of the machines mentioned are in production) Hello, I'm trying to install Centos 5.4, which wants to put the boot loader on either the boot sector of the boot drive (a local SATA mirror, recognized second as sdb) or the mba of a hba-attached SCSI array (recognized first as sda). There's a LILO install already on the mba of sdb, which keeps trying to boot first. If I zero out the MBA of sdb, would the boot loader at sdb1 be found and booted? I was thinking of that as a plan B, as I was mostly thinking of coaxing CentOS to find the local mirror first and bring that up as sda, but I haven't found info on how to do this anywhere.

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  • How to force a resolution in linux?

    - by hi
    I have a HP LP3065 that requires a dual link dvi cable to go up to 2560x1600 resolution. However, I do not have that cable, but I want to use 1920x1200 resolution. However, my nVidia Display Settings (also system display settings) will only go up to 1280x1024, which looks horribly pixelated on the 30". How do I force the 1920x1200 resolution? I tried adding the mode into my xorg.conf file, but it still would not take it. I know my vid card can do 1920x1200 since it works on the 24" monitor with the same dvi cable. Here are my specs: Fedora 12 Nvidia Quadro NVS 420 Intel Xenon E5530 cpu 6gig memory Thanks

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  • Krusader on Linux

    - by Guus
    In Krusader you can create a New Network Connection (CTRL-N) How can I save those connections? Now I have to enter all details every time.

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  • Conditional dev|nfs mount in Linux

    - by o_O Tync
    I have a mount point — let it be /media/question — and two possible devices: a physical HDD and a remote NFS folder. Sometimes I plug the device in physically, in other cases I mount it via NFS. Is there a way to specify both of them in fstab so that executing mount /media/question will preferably choose physical volume, and when it's not available — NFS?

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  • Monitoring and terminating a hanged process in Linux

    - by Yoav
    Hi, I'm writing a script that runs many simultaneous processes that run the "dig" command. Once in a while (relatively rare, but happens in every run since I run dig many times) the dig command hangs with 0% CPU. Therefore, my script never terminates. I've created a monitor process for each dig command I run, which terminates it after a while, but I was wondering if there isn't a simpler and more efficient way to run a process with a pre-determined "expiration date", i.e. if the process runs more then X seconds it gets a signal that terminates it. Thanks!

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  • linux audit - exclude a process that updates the time

    - by user185704
    I have set my auditd rules to log when the system time is changed However, our servers are VMs and thus have problems with the time drifting out. We needed to solve this issue so we used a VMware tool to regularly synchronize the time. My problem now is that my audit logs are overwhelmed with time change entries like this: Jun 1 15:08:39 ***** audispd: node=****** type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1338559719.053:344291): arch=c000003e syscall=159 success=yes exit=5 a0=7ffff2084050 a1=0 a2=144b a3=485449575f4c4c55 items=0 ppid=1 pid=1348 auid=4294967295 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=(none) ses=4294967295 comm="vmtoolsd" exe="/usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin64/appLoader" key="time_change" How can I exclude this vmware tool from the audit, but still capture a user changing the time? Here are my current audit rules to capture time changes: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k time_change -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -k time_change

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  • Linux cron spamming me then stops about php/suhosin

    - by acidzombie24
    My server emails me when any messages goes to root. cron sends me messages. Today I got over 300 emails from my server all of which are PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/suhosin.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/suhosin.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 I have no idea why. I went to debug it however 5hours ago it stopped so theres nothing i could look at except maybe logs. Why did this maybe happen? Disk isn't full and I have enough ram available.

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  • Linux Bluetooth [closed]

    - by Chris
    Not sure if this is the proper forum; please forgive me if it's not... I have a Lenovo S10 'netbook' that I've installed Fedora 17 ("LXDE spin") on. So far pretty much everything works great, except, the on-board Bluetooth. lsusb shows the controller present (0a5c:2101 Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth Controller), hcitool dev shows hci0 present, but when I put my mouse ("Lenovo Bluetooth Laser Mouse," which works perfectly paired with a MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, Mac mini, and Lenovo SL500 (with a USB dongle; running Windows 7)) into pairing mode and run either hcitool scan (reports "Scanning ..." and, without further information or error message, returns to the shell prompt) or bluetooth-wizard (from the gnome-bluetooth package) and try to detect the mouse, I get nothing... Frustrating! Thanks anyone who can point me in the right direction!

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  • Run Linux command as predefined user

    - by vijay.shad
    Hi all, I have created a shell script to start a server program. startup.sh start When above command will executes, it will try starts the server as adminuser. To achieve this my script has written like this. SUBIT="su - adminuser -c " SERVER_BOX_COMMAND_A="Server" ############## # Function to start cluster function start(){ $SUBIT "$SERVER_BOX_COMMAND_A" } When i execute the command it asks for password. Is there any other way to do this so, it will not ask for password. I have seen this behavior in Jboss startup script provided on jboss. That script changes the user to jboss and then starts the jboss server. I wanted my script to behave same way.

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  • What linux permissions are need for www?

    - by Xeoncross
    I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Normal users in a group like "websites" or added to "www-data" Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www. Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be.

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  • Neighbour table overflow on Linux hosts related to bridging and ipv6

    - by tim
    Note: I already have a workaround for this problem (as described below) so this is only a "want-to-know" question. I have a productive setup with around 50 hosts including blades running xen 4 and equallogics providing iscsi. All xen dom0s are almost plain Debian 5. The setup includes several bridges on every dom0 to support xen bridged networking. In total there are between 5 and 12 bridges on each dom0 servicing one vlan each. None of the hosts has routing enabled. At one point in time we moved one of the machines to a new hardware including a raid controller and so we installed an upstream 3.0.22/x86_64 kernel with xen patches. All other machines run debian xen-dom0-kernel. Since then we noticed on all hosts in the setup the following errors every ~2 minutes: [55888.881994] __ratelimit: 908 callbacks suppressed [55888.882221] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.882476] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.882732] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.883050] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.883307] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.883562] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.883859] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.884118] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.884373] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.884666] Neighbour table overflow. The arp table (arp -n) never showed more than around 20 entries on every machine. We tried the obvious tweaks and raised the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/default/gc_thresh* values. FInally to 16384 entries but no effect. Not even the interval of ~2 minutes changed which lead me to the conclusion that this is totally unrelated. tcpdump showed no uncommon ipv4 traffic on any interface. The only interesting finding from tcpdump were ipv6 packets bursting in like: 14:33:13.137668 IP6 fe80::216:3eff:fe1d:9d01 > ff02::1:ff1d:9d01: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff1d:9d01, length 24 14:33:13.138061 IP6 fe80::216:3eff:fe1d:a8c1 > ff02::1:ff1d:a8c1: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff1d:a8c1, length 24 14:33:13.138619 IP6 fe80::216:3eff:fe1d:bf81 > ff02::1:ff1d:bf81: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff1d:bf81, length 24 14:33:13.138974 IP6 fe80::216:3eff:fe1d:eb41 > ff02::1:ff1d:eb41: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff1d:eb41, length 24 which placed the idea in my mind that the problem maybe related to ipv6, since we have no ipv6 services in this setup. The only other hint was the coincidence of the host upgrade with the beginning of the problems. I powered down the host in question and the errors were gone. Then I subsequently took down the bridges on the host and when i took down (ifconfig down) one particularly bridge: br-vlan2159 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:b9:fb:16:2c inet6 addr: fe80::226:b9ff:fefb:162c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:120 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:5286 (5.1 KiB) TX bytes:726 (726.0 B) eth0.2159 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:b9:fb:16:2c inet6 addr: fe80::226:b9ff:fefb:162c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1801 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:126228 (123.2 KiB) TX bytes:1464 (1.4 KiB) bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces ... br-vlan2158 8000.0026b9fb162c no eth0.2158 br-vlan2159 8000.0026b9fb162c no eth0.2159 The errors went away again. As you can see the bridge holds no ipv4 address and it's only member is eth0.2159 so no traffic should cross it. Bridge and interface .2159 / .2157 / .2158 which are in all aspects identical apart from the vlan they are connected to had no effect when taken down. Now I disabled ipv6 on the entire host via sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 and rebooted. After this even with bridge br-vlan2159 enabled no errors occur. Any ideas are welcome.

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  • What are the best options for a root filesystem hosted on SSD under Linux

    - by stsquad
    I'm working on an embedded system which is going to be booting and hosting it's rootfs on an SSD disk. We are currently looking at using Intel X-18M SSDs. The file system structure will have a fairly static /usr section (modulo software upgrades) and an active /var and /var/log for maintaining state and logging. Given the wear-levelling done by the underlying flash does having separate partitions help or hinder? As modern SSDs appear as straight block devices and hide their mapping magic behind their firmware is there any point trying to optimise the choice of file-system that sits on-top of the SSD? Finally does enable SMART monitoring make any sense in this context or are their SSD specific ways of determining the underlying health of the storage hardware?

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  • RTL8168B/8111B Lan card is not detected in RHEL5.1..Not finding Linux software that

    - by Deepak Narwal
    Hello friends... In My computer Lan card model is Realtek RTL8168B/8111B PCI-E GIGABIT ETHERNET NIC (NDIS 6.20) My system is dual boot windows 7 and redhat 5.1 Now windows 7 automatically detected this lan card but in redhat lan card is not detected.I have tried to through evrywhere like network or through neat-tui but it is not showing lan card.. I tried google also but all of them providing windows software for this lan card . So please anyone can tell me the link so that i can download drivers for this and can use internet there.. Thanks a lot in advance Deepak Narwal

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