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• vSphere - datastore falling off a host

  - by Chadddada

  Recently we have been running the vCheck powershell script daily in order to help in monitoring our vSphere ESX 4.0 environment. One of the oddities that we have been seeing is that some of the datastores on the SAN don't always show up on every host. Our hosts are connected redundantly, via FC, to some brocade FC switches, which then connect via fiber to our EMC Ax4 SAN. While all the datastores are presented to each host we have, and they see them initially, they sometimes seem to fall off and are no longer visible. It easy enough to rescan for datastores and add them back to the hosts the hosts but this seems to be an error. Has anyone else seen this or know why it may be happening? Responses to questions: 1. Is it always the same ESX servers that lose their connection? – Scott Warren No this happens randomly on random hosts. If a VM is running on a particular host, of which the VM's disks are on a SAN datastore, then that datastore won't disappear. It seems to happen if a host doesn't touch a datastore for a bit and it just forgets about it.

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• apache virtualhost: Auto subdomain with exception

  - by Ineentho

  I've been searching for a way to automatically redirect domains to a specific folder, and fond a good answer here on serverfault: Apache2 VirtualHost auto subdomain. (The accepted answer) So far everything works good, however now I need to add an exception to this. The result I want is this: http://localhost/ --> E:/websites/ http://specialDomain2/ --> E:/websites/ http://normal1.com/ --> E:/websites/normal1.com/ http://normalDomain.com/ --> E:/websites/normal2.com/ I get the expceted result for the two last domains, but the localhost doesn't work. I copied the script from the question aboved, and tried to add something like <VirtualHost *:80> RewriteEngine On RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower # if already rewitten and we have the right path, stop right here RewriteRule ^(E:/websites/[^/]+/.*)$ $1 [L] RewriteRule ^localhost/(.*)$ E:/websites/$1 [L] # <-- Added this row RewriteRule ^(.+) ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}$1 [C] RewriteRule ^(www\.)?([^/]+)/(.*)$ E:/websites/$2/$3 [L,E=VHOST_ROOT:E:/websites/$2/] </VirtualHost> I thought this would make sense, since I would translate this to if URL = localhost/* Do nothing (because of the [L] flag), and use the default document root specified earlier else continue What's wrong with this? Thanks for any help!

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• Exchange 2010 certificate errors

  - by Frederik Nielsen

  I have a problem with my newly setup Exchange environment for our hosted customers. First off, when configuring the outlook client, it gives a certificate warning although the certificate has been bought and setup. I am using a setup like this: autodiscover.CUSTOMERDOMAIN.TLD CNAME autodiscover.exchange.COMPANYDOMAIN.TLD (Companydomain is our company that hosts the exchange servers, customerdomain being the customers domain) Shouldn't that work? I know that Microsoft does something like that for Office365, but I really don't think they buy a certificate for every customer.. So I guess some redirection should be setup somehow - any guidance? Next thing: When we accept that error, and move on to actually starting Outlook, it states that the certificate is not valid for the RPC proxy server exchange.COMPANYDOMAIN.TLD - this domain is not right, as that domain is not included in the certificate. I would instead like this domain to be mail.exchange.COMPANYDOMAIN.TLD I tried to run this script setting both internal and external URL's to be the same, with no luck. Any guidance on this one? I am running Exchange 2010 SP2, with CAS, HT and MBX split up on 3 different servers.

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• VPN sharing on Mac OS X 10.5 machine

  - by Jens

  I have a rather weird problem. I want to share a VPN connection that has been established by my Mac OS X 10.5 computer with another machine in my network. This is what I did: In the /etc/hostcongig file on the main computer I added the line: IPFORWARDING=-YES- I assigned a fixed IP address to my computer (192.168.178.30), a fixed one to the other machine (192.168.178.60) and my computer's IP address as gateway on the other machine. I connected to my VPN using the internal Mac OS X VPN client (PPTP connection) I run this script: #!/bin/sh natd -same_ports -use_sockets -unregistered_only -dynamic -interface ppp0 -clamp_mss ipfw -f flush ipfw add divert natd ip from any to any via ppp0 ipfw add pass all from any to any sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 Source: Using (and sharing) a VPN connection on your Mac Now everthing works smootly, however speed is an issue. I get 1,8 MBit/s on my main machine and only 0,3 - 0,6 MBit/s on the other one. My question: What could possibly be wrong? Do I have to tweak MTU settings, is there any packet inspection ongoing that needs time....? Any help appreciated!

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• Synchronize Active Directory to Database

  - by Tommy Jakobsen

  We are in a situation where we would like to offer our customers to be able to manage their users themselves. It is around 300 customers with up to a total of 10.000 users. Besides creating, updating and removing users, they will very often read information about users for statics and other useful informations available. All this functionality, should be available from an Intranet web page (.NET Framework 4) that the users will access through Citrix or similar. Now the problem is that we would really like the users not to query AD directly for each request, but rather make them hit a database that is synchronized with AD. It would be sufficient to run this synchronization a few time each day (maybe every 5. hour). When they create a user, it should not be available right away, but reviewed and then created within two days (the next step would be to remove this manual review, but that's out of scope for this question). What do you think about this synchronization of AD? Does anyone have any experience with it and is it something that is done in other organizations, where you will have lots of requests which is better handled by a database than AD (I presume)? Are there any techniques out there for writing such a script that synchronizes AD with database tables? My primary concern is the groups/members relations which can be rather complicated. Or are there software that synchronizes AD with a database? Any comments will be much appreciated. Thank you.

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• Varnish does not start properly (crashes after startup) with no error messages

  - by Matthew Savage

  I am running Varnish (2.0.4 from the Ubuntu unstable apt repository, though I have also used the standard repository) in a test environment (Virtual Machines) on Ubuntu 9.10, soon to be 10.04. When I have a working configuration and the server starts successfully it seems like everything is fine, however if, for whatever reason, I stop and then restart the varnish daemon it doesn't always startup properly, and there are no errors going into syslog or messages to indicate what might be wrong. If I run varnish in debug mode (-d) and issue start when prompted then 7 times out of time it will run, but occasionally it will just shut down 'silently'. My startup command is (the $1 allows for me to pass -d to the script this lives in): varnishd -a :80 $1 \ -T 127.0.0.1:6082 \ -s malloc,1GB \ -f /home/deploy/mysite.vcl \ -u deploy \ -g deploy \ -p obj_workspace=4096 \ -p sess_workspace=262144 \ -p listen_depth=2048 \ -p overflow_max=2000 \ -p ping_interval=2 \ -p log_hashstring=off \ -h classic,5000009 \ -p thread_pool_max=1000 \ -p lru_interval=60 \ -p esi_syntax=0x00000003 \ -p sess_timeout=10 \ -p thread_pools=1 \ -p thread_pool_min=100 \ -p shm_workspace=32768 \ -p thread_pool_add_delay=1 and the VCL looks like this: # nginx/passenger server, HTTP:81 backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "81"; } sub vcl_recv { # Don't cache the /useradmin or /admin path if (req.url ~ "^/(useradmin|admin|session|sessions|login|members|logout|forgot_password)") { pipe; } # If cache is 'regenerating' then allow for old cache to be served set req.grace = 2m; # Forward to cache lookup lookup; } # This should be obvious sub vcl_hit { deliver; } sub vcl_fetch { # See link #16, allow for old cache serving set obj.grace = 2m; if (req.url ~ "\.(png|gif|jpg|swf|css|js)$") { deliver; } remove obj.http.Set-Cookie; remove obj.http.Etag; set obj.http.Cache-Control = "no-cache"; set obj.ttl = 7d; deliver; } Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated, this is driving me absolutely crazy, especially because its such an inconsistent behaviour.

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• Can Dovecot IMAP automatically create Maildir folders for new (virtual) users?

  - by user233441

  everyone. I am learning to set up a dovecot home IMAP server using a virtual Ubuntu 12.04 machine. My intention is eventually to have a home server that uses POP3 to take email from several addresses and remove them from my ISP's servers, while making them accessible through a home IMAP server (this is similar to the setup described at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/POP3Aggregator, which explains how to set up the system with dovecot version 1, and is thus outdated). I intend to use the ISP's server directly when sending messages, and to BCC all sent messages to myself. I've completed the basic set up of the test server: getmail uses POP3 to fetch messages from two test email accounts, and successfully delivers them to the respective Maildir-style new folders on the virtual machine. Dovecot then successfully sees these messages. I have two questions: 1) I had to set up new, cur, and tmp folders for both of the test accounts manually to get this setup to work. Is there a way to get dovecot to create these Maildir folders automatically when I create a new virtual user account (e.g., when I add a user and password combination to my dovecot password file), or is it expected that I write a bash script to automate that task? 2) I would welcome any comments you have on how this approach could be improved as I learn to set it up. My motivations with this approach are 1) to enable archiving/storing emails from several hosting providers that impose a cap on server storage, and 2) to give me somewhat greater control over email storage without requiring that I set up and administrate a mail server from scratch (which I'm not yet prepared to do) (this follows the recommendations at https://ssd.eff.org/tech/email). Thank you!

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• Windows Small Business System 2003. SQL timeout in Server Performance Report

  - by tetranz

  I'm the volunteer IT admin at a small school. We have SBS 2003 with about ten desktops. The server performance report is emailed to me daily. It is setup with a wizard in the Monitoring and Performance part of the "Server Management" console. It often fails with a "The page cannot be displayed" error. The event log shows Event Type: Error Event Source: ServerStatusReports Event Category: None Event ID: 1 Date: 1/16/2011 Time: 6:03:14 AM User: N/A Computer: ALPHA Description: Server Status Report: URL: http://localhost/monitoring/perf.aspx?reportMode=1&allHours=1 Error Message: Timeout expired. The timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding. Stack Trace: at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, TdsParserState state) at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, TdsParserState state) at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning() at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ReadNetlib(Int32 bytesExpected) [plus lots more stack trace] This has been happening for years :) I've never really solved it. It seems to be related to WSUS. When it happens, I run the Update Services "Server Cleanup Wizard". That takes a long time to run. If I haven't run it for a while it can take 10 hours. I also run the WsusDBMaintenance.sql script (from TechNet I think) which reindexes the database etc. Those two things seem to get it working again for a while. Recently the "while" has become a couple of weeks. My searching online has revealed lots of people having this problem but no real solution. Does anyone have any good ideas about this? I have to wonder if something in the WSUS SQL schema is not indexed properly. The time that the server cleanup wizard takes seems ridiculous. Thanks

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• Fast extraction of a time range from syslog logfile?

  - by mike

  I've got a logfile in the standard syslog format. It looks like this, except with hundreds of lines per second: Jan 11 07:48:46 blahblahblah... Jan 11 07:49:00 blahblahblah... Jan 11 07:50:13 blahblahblah... Jan 11 07:51:22 blahblahblah... Jan 11 07:58:04 blahblahblah... It doesn't roll at exactly midnight, but it'll never have more than two days in it. I often have to extract a timeslice from this file. I'd like to write a general-purpose script for this, that I can call like: $ timegrep 22:30-02:00 /logs/something.log ...and have it pull out the lines from 22:30, onward across the midnight boundary, until 2am the next day. There are a few caveats: I don't want to have to bother typing the date(s) on the command line, just the times. The program should be smart enough to figure them out. The log date format doesn't include the year, so it should guess based on the current year, but nonetheless do the right thing around New Year's Day. I want it to be fast -- it should use the fact that the lines are in order to seek around in the file and use a binary search. Before I spend a bunch of time writing this, does it already exist?

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• Measuring performance indicators on a cluster

  - by Aditya Singh

  My architecture is based on Amazon. A ELB load balancer balances POST requests among m1.large instances. Every instance has a nginx server on port 80 which distributes the requests to 4 python-tornado servers on backend which handle the request. These tornado servers are taking about 5 - 10ms to respond to one request but this is the internal compute time of every request. I want to put this thing on test and i want to measure the response time from ELB to upstream and back and how does it vary when the QPS throughput is increased and plot a graph of Time vs. QPS vs. Latency and other factors like CPU and Memory. Is there a software to do that or should i log everything somewhere with latency checks and then analyze the whole log to get the stuff out. I would also need to write a self-monitor which keeps checking the whole response time. Is it possible to do it with a script from within the server. If so, will it be accurate ?

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• VMWare web UI intermittent access on CentOS

  - by PeteWilliams

  Hiya, I've got a CentOS 5.2 server that I'm trying to get set up as a development environment. As part of this, I planned to install VMWare Server 2 and set up several virtual development servers. I've got as far as installing VMWare Server 2 but access to the remote control panel is only working intermittently. If I access it through Firefox at https://127.0.0.1:8333/ui/# it usually says either: "Connection intterupted: connection was reset before the page loaded" Or "Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at 127.0.0.1" But every now and then it lets me in and I'll manage a few clicks in the web UI before it kicks me out with the following error: "The server could not complete a request (HTTP 0 ). The server encountered an unexpected condition that prevented it from fulfilling the request. If this problem persists, please contact your system administrator." I've done all the updates available in CentOS except one OpenOffice one that is causing a conflict, and I re-ran wmware-config.pl after updating the kernel. Though I went with all the defaults as I don't really know what I'm doing! I've since rebooted and nothing changed. I've also tried accessing the control panel remotely from another machine in the network and the results are the same. Does anyone have any ideas what might be causing this and how I can resolve it? I'm afraid I'm a developer playing at sys-admin, so I may be missing something obvious! Many thanks Pete Update I have now reinstalled both the operating system and VMWare and I'm still getting the same issue. I wonder if it's a result of the settings I'm putting in on the config.pl script..?

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• WAMP Installation - Multiple PHP Version Issues

  - by Pete171

  I have installed WAMP because I am attempting to modify an an application which uses Zend Optimizer (I cannot use Z.O. with PHP5.3+, which is why I decided to install WAMP). I downloaded the latest version - Wamp Server 2.1 - which comes bundled with PHP5.3.5. I then downloaded a PHP version that would be compatible with Z.O. - 5.2.9. - and a compatible Apache version, 2.0.63. My problem: PHP scripts run fine, but anything with MySQL does not work. Running the testmysql.php script returns the fatal error: Fatal error: Call to undefined function mysql_connect() in C:\wamp\www\testmysql.php on line 2". I have looked in the PHP INI files inside both PHP versions, and I'm fairly sure the relevant information is there. At least, there are parts inside that mention MySQL! Perhaps somebody could clarify exactly what information should be present? Also, when visiting a page that called phpinfo(), I noticed that the 'Loaded Configuration File' was pointing to C:\wamp\bin\php\php5.3.5\php.ini, even though I have enabled the older PHP version. I've stopped and started Apache, too, and that hasn't made a difference. Is anybody able to offer any assistance? Anything at all would be great; I'm not very good at messing around with Apache/

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• Help, my CentOS servers keep going down , No route to host after a random uptime

  - by user249071

  Hello , I have a couple of Centos linux servers, that have a very simple task, they run nginx + fastcgi for php , and some NFS mounts between them, readonly They have some RPC commands to start some downloading processes with wget, nothing fancy , from a main server, but their behavior is very unstable, they simply go down, we tried to monitor ram , processor usage, even network connections, they don't load up so much, max network connections up to... 250 max, 15% processor usage and memory , well, doesn't even fill up, 2.5GB from 8GB max , I have no ideea why can a linux server go down like that, they aren't even public servers, no domain names installed no public serving, for sites. The only thing that I've discovered was that if i didn't restart the network service every couple of hours or so... the servers were becoming very slow, starting apps very slow, but not repoting a high usage of resources...Maybe Centos doesn't free the timeout connections, or something like that...It's based on Red Hat right? I'm not a linux expert , but I'm sure that there are a few guys out there that can easily have an answer to this , or even have some leads to what i can do ... I haven't installed snort, or other things to view if we have some DOS attacks, still the scheduled script that restarts the network each hour should put the system back online, and it doesn't.... Thank you in advance

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• Microsoft Office 2003 applications crash on 'Save As' to a network mapped drive

  - by Archit Baweja

  Hey guys, so I'm not sure if it belongs on ServerFault forums so figured I'd ask here first because its a workstation/client side issue. I have a client where we have windows server 2003 setup, with windows xp professional setup on all the workstations. We've setup a 'domain' and all workstations logon to the domain (authenticated by the Windows Domain Controller), and in the logon script we map drives on to each workstation. Everything is working peachy except for one workstation, where when I open a file in excel from a mapped drive, it opens fine, but when I go to hit Save As, the Save As dialog pops and hangs up. I cannot perform any other action in excel. When I try cancel the Save As dialog, excel crashes. The mapped drive opens up fine in Windows Explorer. To further investigate this issue, I created a new blank text document on the network drive in Windows Explorer. I then opened it. Then hit save as, and the Save As dialog opened up fine and it would let me save the document. I repeated the above steps for a word document. However this time the Save As dialog hung/froze again. So I'd imagine its a Microsoft Office Issue. Any ideas?

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• Ubuntu 13.10 - How to disable LVM and cryptsetup? cryptsetup: evms_activate is not available

  - by NeverEndingQueue

  I am trying to remove whole drive encryption from my Ubuntu installation. I've run Ubuntu from Live CD, mounted crypt partition and copied it to another partition /dev/sda3. sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 crypt1 sudo dd if=/dev/ubuntu-vg/root of=/dev/sda3 bs=1M After that I've run boot-repair: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair Added entry to /etc/fstab: UUID=<uuid> / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 Of course I've replaced with blkid result of my /dev/sda3. I've also deleted overlayfs and tmpfs lines from /etc/fstab. (I've just compared it to content of /etc/fstab in non-encrypted Ubuntu installation and could not find overlayfs and tmpfs). I've chrooted from LiveCD into my system and rebuilt initramfs: http://blog.leenix.co.uk/2012/07/evmsactivate-is-not-available-on-boot.html I've also removed cryptsetup using apt-get remove. Basically I can easily mount my system partition from Live CD (without setting up the encryption and LVM stuff), but can not boot from it. Instead I see: cryptsetup: evms_activate is not available When I've chosen the Recovery mode I've seen this: Begin: Mounting root file system ... Begin: Running /script/local-top ... Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while ... No volume groups found cryptsetup: evms_activate is not available Begin: Waiting for encrytpted source device ... My /etc/crypttab is empty. I am pretty sure that system tries to find encrypted partition, search for LVMs etc. Do you have ideas what could be the problem or how can I fix it? Thanks

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• iTunes copy just metadata (song and album ratings, playlists) from iPod

  - by Jared Updike

  I have an iPod touch that I synched with my Windows computer (iTunes 9.0 I think) until my harddrive failed and I lost my entire library. I rebuilt the library (songs) from a year old backup (and various other source for songs) but my playlists and ratings are of course a year old. My iPod itself has most of the playlists and ratings I care most about (favorite songs and albums, rated 4 and 5, for example). I have a catch 22 situation where I feel nervous that I haven't backed up my iPod in around 4 months (when my drive failed) so I'd like to back it up as soon as possible... but if I back it up I have to clear all the songs and playlists and copy them back, which I can't really do since I need to rebuild my playlists on my computer first (using the data only available on my iPod!) The question: is there a better way to READ the information off my iPod than doing it manually, song by song and album by album and playlist by playlist (XML, text dump, database, spreadsheet, anything). In other words, mostly I want the information (metadata like ratings and playlists, not songs) copied off the iPod so I can more quickly get my iTunes library ratings and playlists re-built (manually) so I can finally wipe the music and back up my apps, etc. Then I'd like to copy the music back immediately. The part I'd like to avoid is manually navigating everything on my iPod to read through all the playlists and ratings (50 GB, 6,000+ songs) as I re-enter all of that data by hand. I've done a few dozen albums and it's pretty time consuming having to tap around on the iPod. Reading from a spreadsheet (for example, or XML which I could write a script to get into spreadsheet form) would probably help tremendously, plus then I'd have a backup of that information somewhere besides just my iPod.

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• Adding file to /etc/cron.d doesn't make it run (ubuntu 10.04)

  - by tom

  If I scp a cron file into /etc/cron.d it doesn't run unless I edit the file and change the command. Then crond seems to pick up the cron file. How can I make cron reload its cron files in ubuntu 10.04? 'touch'ing the file doesn't work nor does 'restart cron' or 'reload cron'. My cron file is set to run every minute and logs to a file. Nothing ends up in the log file until I edit the command, and there's no entry for it in /var/log/syslog I'm stumped. Here's my cron file saved to /etc/cron.d/runscript # Runs the script every minute. This is safe because it will exit with success if it's already running * * * * * www-data if [ -f /usr/local/bin/thing ]; then exec /usr/bin/php /usr/local/bin/thing mode:prod -a 14 -d >> /var/log/thing/mything.log 2>&1; else echo `date +'[%D %T]'` "Thing not deployed. Command not run\n" >> /var/log/thing/mything.log; fi &

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• WAN Optimization for Small Office/Home Office

  - by TiernanO

  I have been reading up on WAN optimization for the last while, mostly out of interest of speeding up my own internet connections, but also to speed up the office internet connection. At home, I have 2 cable modems plugged into a RouterBoard RB750, which load balances the connections. In the office, we have a single connection into a NetGear router. Most of the WAN Optimization products I have seen, seem to be prohibitively expensive, but also seem to be based on the idea of having multiple branches around the world. What I am looking for, ideally, is as follows: software install: I am "guessing" I need to install it in 2 places: one in the office or house, and one in "the cloud". any connections going to, say, The US (we are in Europe, but our backup's live in the US currently, which would be something important to speed up) would be "tunnelled" though the Optimizer. If downloading or uploading large files, open multiple connections between both "the cloud" and the optimizer... This is where a lot of speed could be gained. finally, for items not compressed, they would be compressed on the cloud side of things, also items that are already on the optimizer could be not sent again. kind of like RSync or Proxy servers... So, is there something that can be done? Is it available using off the shelf components (some magic script with SSH, Squid, Linux and duct tape) or is it something that needs to be purchased? or even an Open Source Project that does 90% of what i am asking?

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• Remove an apache alias subdirectory

  - by Hippyjim

  I'm using Apache 2 on Ubuntu 12.04. I added an alias for a subdirectory, to point to gitweb. I realised I should probably make it accessible only on https - so I removed the alias and restarted Apache. I can still navigate to http://xyz/gitweb - even with no alias in any of my config files. How do I remove it? EDIT The config file looked like this before: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /home/administrator/webroot <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /home/administrator/webroot/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> Alias /gitweb/ /usr/share/gitweb/ <Directory /usr/share/gitweb/> Options ExecCGI +FollowSymLinks +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch AllowOverride All order allow,deny Allow from all AddHandler cgi-script cgiDirectory Index gitweb.cgi </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost> And this after: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /home/administrator/webroot <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /home/administrator/webroot/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost>

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• Why dd finishes instantly when pipelining to cat?

  - by agsamek

  I start bash on Cygwin and type: dd if=/dev/zero | cat /dev/null It finishes instantly. When I type: dd if=/dev/zero > /dev/null it runs as expected and I can issue killall -USR1 dd to see the progress. Why does the former invocation finishes instantly? Is it the same on a Linux box? * Explanation why I asked such stupid question and possibly not so stupid question I was compressing hdd images and some were compressed incorrectly. I ended up with the following script showing the problem: while sleep 1 ; do killall -v -USR1 dd ; done & dd if=/dev/zero bs=5000000 count=200 | gzip -c | gzip -cd | wc -c Wc should write 1000000000 at the end. The problem is that it does not on my machine: bash-3.2$ dd if=/dev/zero bs=5000000 count=200 | gzip -c | gzip -cd | wc -c 13+0 records in 12+0 records out 60000000 bytes (60 MB) copied, 0.834 s, 71.9 MB/s 27+0 records in 26+0 records out 130000000 bytes (130 MB) copied, 1.822 s, 71.4 MB/s 200+0 records in 200+0 records out 1000000000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 13.231 s, 75.6 MB/s 1005856128 Is it a bug or am I doing something wrong once again?

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• SPF for two different outgoing servers?

  - by Marcus

  I have ran into a problem that I think someone should have a really clever answer for. Today we have our own mailserver that looks like "mail.domain.com" – which we use to send out mail to our customers (with a modified PHPMailer script). Usually around 5000 mails every day. Everything from customer support to invoices goes through there. The from-header is set to "[email protected]". We are now thinking of migrating to Google Apps for internal use (with 70+ users). However, we cannot use Gmails SMTP for sending "bulk" mails (they have a limit of 500 outgoing mails per day) so we really want to keep using our current system for sending automated mail to our customers – and using gmails SMTP for our internal use. So, how do we set up our SPF-records (Sender Policy Framework) for this? We do not want to get stuck in any filters for "spoofing" the sender from either type of account (the ones sent from our own server, and through Gmails). In short: we want to be able to use the same e-mail adress (for sending) on two different SMTP servers (and therefore two different IP-adresses). Anyone with a good knowledge off SPF who knows how to go about? Or if it is even possible? Anything else I should think of when switching to Google Apps?

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• Why not block ICMP?

  - by Agvorth

  I think I almost have my iptables setup complete on my CentOS 5.3 system. Here is my script... # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP For context, this machine is a Virtual Private Server Web app host. In a previous question, Lee B said that I should "lock down ICMP a bit more." Why not just block it altogether? What would happen if I did that (what bad thing would happen)? If I need to not block ICMP, how could I go about locking it down more?

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• Debian Wheezy IPv6 isn't configured with ifup post-up hook

  - by aef

  We recently set up a server on Debian Wheezy Beta 3 (x86_64) which has a native IPv6 connection. We configured the eth0 interface to get the IPv6 configuration through some post-up hook commands in /etc/network/interfaces. The result is, that after the booting the system up, there is only IPv4 and an auto-configured link-local IPv6 address configured on the interface, as if the command has never been executed. When we additionally place the commands after the call to ifup -a inside the /etc/init.d/networking init script, everything works as expected and we have a fully configured interface after booting up. This is quite an ugly way to configure the interface. What are we doing wrong with the ifup post-up hooks? Or is this a bug? The section from /etc/network/interfaces looks like this (IP-addresses changed): allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 1.2.3.1 netmask 255.255.255.192 network 1.2.3.0 broadcast 1.2.3.63 gateway 1.2.3.62 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 dns-search mydomain.tld post-up ip -6 addr add 2001:db8:100:3022::2 dev eth0 post-up ip -6 route add fe80::1 dev eth0 post-up ip -6 route add default via fe80::1 dev eth0 I also tried it in this alternative way: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 1.2.3.1 netmask 255.255.255.192 network 1.2.3.0 broadcast 1.2.3.63 gateway 1.2.3.62 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 dns-search mydomain.tld iface eth0 inet6 static address 2001:db8:100:3022::2 netmask 64 gateway fe80::1 What we added to /etc/init.d/networking: … case "$1" in start) process_options check_ifstate if [ "$CONFIGURE_INTERFACES" = no ] then log_action_msg "Not configuring network interfaces, see /etc/default/networking" exit 0 fi set -f exclusions=$(process_exclusions) log_action_begin_msg "Configuring network interfaces" if ifup -a $exclusions $verbose && ifup_hotplug $exclusions $verbose # Our additions ip -6 addr add 2001:db8:100:3022::2 dev eth0 ip -6 route add fe80::1 dev eth0 ip -6 route add default via fe80::1 dev eth0 then log_action_end_msg $? else log_action_end_msg $? fi ;; …

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• How to restore Active Desktop if Themes is locked via GPO?

  - by pepoluan

  My company forces Active Desktop upon everybody so that it can display a (monthly-rotated) corporate wallpaper.jpg. Problem is, some computers (including my laptop) somehow experienced some errors resulting in the dreaded "Active Desktop Recovery" screen to show up... and clicking the "Restore My Active Desktop" button always resulted in "Internet Explorer Script Error". Various workarounds I found in the Internet either does not work or requires me to change the theme first to something else... and the latter I can't do because the Desktop Settings screen is locked via GPO. As it happens, due to the nature of the programs I use, I'm granted Administrator-level access on my computer. The question is: How do I fix my situation? Note: I don't need to put on my own wallpaper, but watching the "Active Desktop Recovery" screen (with its BLANK WHITE!!1! OH MY EYES!1!!one!eleven!! background) gets tiresome. I'm quite happy with the corporate wallpaper. I just need to somehow 'recover' my Active Desktop. More information: OS: Windows XP Professional SP3 (yeah, company's too afraid to even experiment with Windows 7) Antivirus: Symantec Endpoint Protection If you need any additional information, feel free to ask.

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• SamFS performance problem on file creation

  - by Gregor Longariva

  I have two samfs filesystems (samfs1 and samfs2), both on the same 6130, both with the same config/watermarks/timeouts etc. creating a file on samfs2 works as it should, on samfs1 not. A little simple script shows up, that every while and then the file creation needs between 11 and 28 seconds: stan 12:32 [scratch]# while ( 1 ) while? echo - while? time echo test file while? time mv file file2 while? echo + while? sleep 1 while? end 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.01 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.03 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:23.71 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.14 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.18 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.13 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.05 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.06 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.05 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.05 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.05 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.04 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.04 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.05 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.01 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:26.05 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.50 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.06 0.0% + 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.00 0.0% 0.00u 0.00s 0:00.12 0.0% + Any idea where the problem could be?

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