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• How expensive is a hostname in htaccess? Other solutions possible?

  - by Nanne

  For easy allow or disallowing of dynamic IP-adresses you can add them as a hostname in a .htaccess file. As I have read from: .htaccess allow from hostname? it does a reverse lookup on the connecting ip address, seeing if the response matches the allowed name. (Well, actually Apache is doing a double lookup, first a reverse lookup and then a forward lookup on the result of the reverse.) This is the reason we are currently not using dynamic-ip hostnames in the .htaccess: this "sounds" quite heavy: 2 extra lookups for every request. Is this indeed quite heavy, and would a reasonably busy server that is rather looking for less then more load get away with this :)? (e.g.: how does this 'load' compare to the rest? If a request is 1000 times more expensive then the lookups it might be negligible. otoh, it could be that final straw :) ) Are there other solutions? I can write a script that does a lookup of the hostname and put it in .htaccess files ofcourse, but this feels a bit like a hack.

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• Ubuntu Launcher Items Don't Have Correct Environment Vars under NX

  - by ivarley

  I've got an environment variable issue I'm having trouble resolving. I'm running Ubuntu (Karmic, 9.10) and coming in via NX (NoMachine) on a Mac. I've added several environment variables in my .bashrc file, e.g.: export JAVA_HOME=$HOME/dev/tools/Linux/jdk/jdk1.6.0_16/ Sitting at the machine, this environment variable is available on the command line, as well as for apps I launch from the Main Menu. Coming in over NX, however, the environment variable shows up correctly on the command line, but NOT when I launch things via the launcher. As an example, I created a simple shell script called testpath in my home folder: #!/bin/sh echo $PATH && sleep 5 quit I gave it execute privileges: chmod +x testpath And then I created a launcher item in my Main Menu that simply runs: ./testpath When I'm sitting at the computer, this launcher runs and shows all the stuff I put into the $PATH variable in my .bashrc file (e.g. $JAVA_HOME, etc). But when I come in over NX, it shows a totally different value for the $PATH variable, despite the fact that if I launch a terminal window (still in NX), and type export $PATH, it shows up correctly. I assume this has to do with which files are getting loaded by the windowing system over NX, and that it's some other file. But I have no idea how to fix it. For the record, I also have a .profile file with the following in it: # if running bash if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then # include .bashrc if it exists if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then . "$HOME/.bashrc" fi fi

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• screen scraper templates for various websites

  - by intuited

  I'm looking specifically for a convenient way to locally archive posts from this and other similar sites. I'd like to separate the question itself from the answers, or maybe crop the question and store it, keeping the page title. Obviously I don't need to store the menu or the various other site interface chrome. The best way to do this would seem to be to associate an XSLT template with a match on the URL and use that template to pull the various relevant informations and format them. My two-part question: Is there a tool specifically built for this task? I.E. something that takes a URL and checks it against a map of path-matching expressions to templates, and outputs the result of applying the template to that resource? xmlto seems to be most of the way there, and could probably just be called from a script that does the pattern-matching, but something already integrated would be more convenient. Is such a URL_pattern-to-XSLT_template map publicly available somewhere? Question 2.5: Is it legal to do this with sites like this one that have public licenses on their content?

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• crontab not running on VirtualBox unless I'm logged in

  - by Mike

  I am running Ubuntu Server 9.04 in VirtualBox on my work PC as a development environment. I have some scripts that I've put in my user's crontab that run throughout the day while I'm SSHed into the VM. Last night, I closed PuTTy and all of my other running applications (except for VirtualBox and the VM) and went home. I came back this morning to discover that my cron jobs didn't run at all, yet when I SSHed into the VM, the next scheduled job ran. I set the schedule to 5min to test, disconnected again, and the jobs stopped running on schedule. They seem to only run if I'm logged in to the machine. Obviously, I want them to run on schedule even if I'm not logged in to the VM, otherwise there's no point. Is there something I've failed to configure correctly? New Information: There are now 3 entries in /var/log/cron.log saying the following "Mount of private directory return code [256]"... the entries correspond to when the cron job is supposed to run. I thought they are supposed to run as my userid? Why would my own userid be unable to run a script in my home directory?

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• hi, beginner issue with socat [closed]

  - by ams

  the main question is how to begin sending request to server with some data(send request with number) and get data from server?? and second question is how can i solve this simple question (author said) ? In this part, you should write a simple Shell script which receives URL of a website by sending your student number to a server and after creating and sending HTTP request for this URL, receives the desired content. Finally the content should be saved in an HTML file. Steps 1. Connect to port 4000 of the server and send the massage which includes your student number (e.g. 89207704) to the server. Receive the URL in the form of http://www.example.com. Create the HTTP request and send it to the website's server. Receive the content of the URL from the website. Save the content in the HTML file. what i can do? how i begin? thank u all the topology that exercise is speaking about is here Topology is here Is there any easy way to do this?

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• Apache2 doesn't serve PHP-scripts correctly [closed]

  - by cmbrnt

  I've run into a problem with my Apache 2.2.16 configuration, running on Debian Squeeze. The problem is that it stopped serving PHP5-scripts completely. When I try to access the sites with Google Chrome, it instead downloads a file called "download", which contains the contents of the script. This is of course not a good thing. It does serve common html-files perfectly... I've been at this for quite a while now, and after all the googling and troubleshooting, I thought it would be a good time to ask you guys. Here's what I've got: The php5 and libapache2-mod-php5 packages are installed /etc/apache2/mods-available contains both php5.load and php5.conf, and these are symlinked from the mods-enabled directory The /etc/php5/ directory is left untouched since the installation. Here's the contents of /etc/apache2/mods-available/php.load: LoadModule php5_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/libphp5.so And /etc/apache2/mods-available/php.conf: <IfModule mod_php5.c> <FilesMatch "\.ph(p3?|tml)$"> SetHandler application/x-httpd-php </FilesMatch> <FilesMatch "\.phps$"> SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source </FilesMatch> <IfModule mod_userdir.c> <Directory /home/*/public_html> php_admin_value engine Off </Directory> </IfModule> </IfModule> What am I missing? This is a server with modified virtual hosts and the like, so I might have changed some settings which causes this problem, but simply purging and reinstalling is not an option so far, since the configuration is quite extensive. Any help would be great. Thanks.

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• Secure NAT setup with iptables

  - by TheBigB

  I have Debian running device that needs to act as an internet-gateway. On top of that I want to provide a firewall that not only blocks inbound traffic, but also outbound traffic. And I figured iptables should be able to do the job. The problem: I've configured NAT properly (I think?), but once I set the default policy to DROP and add rules to for instance allow HTTP traffic from inside the LAN, HTTP is not going through. So basically my rules don't seem to work. Below is the initialization script that I use for iptables. The device has two NICs, respectively eth0 (the WAN interface) and eth1 (the LAN interface). echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # Flush tables iptables -F iptables -t nat -F # Set policies iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # NAT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow outbound HTTP from LAN? iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT Can anyone shed some light on this?

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• nginx + IIS + GET

  - by Eralde

  I have nginx on pc "A" & IIS with ASP.NET on pc "B". nginx is configured like this: ... location ~ ((Web|Script)Resource.*)$ { proxy_pass "B"/$1; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REQUEST_URI $request_uri; proxy_set_header HTTP_REFERER $http_referer; #proxy_set_header REQUEST_URI $request_uri; proxy_set_header QUERY_STRING $query_string; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; }... but requests to "B"/WebScript?a=b&c=d aren't able to deliver GET data (a=b&c=d) to IIS part. Could anyone help with this? Edit: There's some additional info: nginx is also configured to proxy other data to Apache, running on "A" everything is fine there (at least GET is OK). configuration is the same as above, but for different location

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• How to automatically start VM created by virt-manager?

  - by Jeff Shattock

  I have created a virtual machine with virt-manager that runs on kvm/qemu. The machine works well when started through virt-manager. However, I would like to be able to start and stop the VM through a script in init.d, so that it comes up and down along with the host. I need to have virt-manager show that the machine is running, and to be able to connect to its console through there. When I use the command line that is produced by running ps -eaf | grep kvm after starting the vm through virt-manager, I get some console messages about redirected character devices, but the machine does start and runs properly. However, I do not get any indication from virt-manager that it has started. How can I modify the command line to get virt-manager to pick up the running VM? Is there anything else about the command line that should change when starting outside of virt-manager? Command line is (slightly reformatted for readability): /usr/bin/kvm -S -M pc-0.12 -enable-kvm -m 512 -smp 1 -name BORON \ -uuid fa7e5fbd-7d8e-43c4-ebd9-1504a4383eb1 \ -chardev socket,id=monitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/BORON.monitor,server,nowait \ -monitor chardev:monitor -localtime -boot c \ -drive file=/dev/FS1/BORON,if=ide,index=0,boot=on,format=raw \ -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:20:0b:fd,vlan=0,name=nic.0 \ -net tap,fd=41,vlan=0,name=tap.0 -chardev pty,id=serial0 -serial chardev:serial0 \ -parallel none -usb -usbdevice tablet -vnc 127.0.0.1:1 -k en-us -vga cirrus

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• Enabling `mod_rewrite` apache, permissions issues

  - by rudolph9

  In attempting to enable mod_rewrite on the Apache2 web server installed with Mac OSX 10.7.4. Following these instruction, ultimately using the configuration to host CakePHP applications, I run into permissions issues accessing the site via a web browser when I set the directory block associated with cakephp site /etc/apache2/users/username.conf from: <Directory "/Users/username/Sites/"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride none Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> /etc/apache2/users/username.conf to: <Directory "/Users/username/Sites/"> Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride none Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <Directory "/Users/username/Sites/cakephp_app/"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride all Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> The .htaccess files are the CakePHP 2.2.2 default as follows: /Users/username/Sites/cakephp_app/.htaccess <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^$ app/webroot/ [L] RewriteRule (.*) app/webroot/$1 [L] </IfModule> /Users/username/Sites/cakephp_app/app/.htaccess <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^$ webroot/ [L] RewriteRule (.*) webroot/$1 [L] </IfModule> /Users/username/Sites/cakephp_app/app/webroot/.htaccess <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [QSA,L] </IfModule> When performing the request via a web browser at to http://0.0.0.0/~username/cakephp_app/index.php the content of the response is Not Found The requested URL /Users/username/Sites/cakephp_app/app/webroot/ was not found on this server. Apache/2.2.21 (Unix) DAV/2 PHP/5.3.10 with Suhosin-Patch Server at 0.0.0.0 Port 80 Upon a request to http://0.0.0.0/~username/ and http://0.0.0.0/~username/cakephp_app/, added to /var/log/apache2/error_log accordingly are the following: [Tue Sep 04 22:53:26 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /Library/WebServer/Documents/Users, referer: http://0.0.0.0/~username/ [Tue Sep 04 22:53:26 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /Library/WebServer/Documents/favicon.ico What is causing the issue? Is there server program, ideally available via a homebrew script, which would make hosting CakePHP applications for testing purposes more effective and efficient?

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• Repeated installation of malicious software to do outbound DDOS attack [duplicate]

  - by user224294

  This question already has an answer here: How do I deal with a compromised server? 12 answers We have a Ubuntu Vitual Private Server hosted by a Canadian company. Out VPS was affected to do "outbound DDOS attack" as reported by server security team. There are 4 files in /boot looks like iptable, please note that the capital letter "I","L". VPS:/boot# ls -lha total 1.8M drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Jun 3 09:25 . drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4.0K Jun 3 09:25 .. -r----x--x 1 root root 1.1M Jun 3 09:25 .IptabLes -r----x--x 1 root root 706K Jun 3 09:23 .IptabLex -r----x--x 1 root root 33 Jun 3 09:25 IptabLes -r----x--x 1 root root 33 Jun 3 09:23 IptabLex We deleted them. But after a few hours, they appeared again and the attack resumed. We deleted them again. They resurfaced again. So on and so forth. So finally we have to disable our VPS. Please let us know how can we find the malicious script somewhere in the VPS, which can automatically install such attcking software? Thanks.

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• Debian 100% cpu every 30 minutes but not loggable?

  - by user654123

  I have a Debian 7 x64 machine running with Digital Ocean that has every 30 Minutes a 100% cpu usage for about 1 minute. A couple of days ago it stayed there for a couple of hours so the server finally crashed and I had to repair my Mysql databases. The server is a pure webserver running apache2 and Mysql. I tried tracing which processes use the cpu but with no luck. The script I used: #!/bin/sh while true; do ps -A -eo pcpu,pid,user,args | sort -k 1 -r | head -3 >> proclog.txt; echo "\n" >> proclog.txt; sleep 2; done I was monitoring htop as well while this was happening, but the top processess' cpu usage didn't add up to ~15% even though htop's cpu meter showed constant 100%. htop was configured to show all users' processess, user- and kernel-threads. Edit: By stopping Apache2 & Mysql prior to the expected 100% usage I can tell both are not responsible for it. The 100% usage occurred anyway. This is what the graph looked like the past hours:

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• Locate devices within a building

  - by ams0

  The situation: Our company is spread between two floors in a building. Every employee has a laptop (macbook Air or MacbookPro) and an iPhone. We have static DHCP mappings and DNS resolution so every mobile gets a name like employeeiphone.example.com, every macbook air gets a employeelaptop.example.com and every macbook pro gets a employeelaptop.example.com on the Ethernet interface (the wifi gets a dynamic IP from a small range dedicated for the purpose). We know each and every MAC address of phones and laptops, since we do DHCP static mapping (ISC DHCP server runs on linux). At each floor we have a Netgear stack of two switches, connected via 10GB fiber to each other. No VLANs so far. At every floor there are 4 Airport Extreme making a single SSID network with WPA2 authentication. The request: Our CTO wants to know who is present at which floor. My solution (so far): Every switch contains an table listing MAC address and originating port. On each switch stack, all the MAC addresses coming from the other floor are listed as coming on port 48 (the fiber link). So I came up with: 1) Get the table from each switch via SNMP 2) Filter out the ones associated with port 48 3) Grep dhcpd.conf, removing all entries not *laptop and not *iphone 4) Match the two lists for each switch, output in JSON or XML 5) present the results on a dashboard for all to see I wrote it in bash with a lot of awk and sed, it kinda works but I always have for some reason stale entries in the switch lookup tables, making it unreliable; some people may have put their laptop to sleep, their iphones drop connections after a while, if not woken up and so on..I searched left and right, we are prepared to spend a little on the project too (RFIDs?), does anybody do something similar? I can provide with the script if needed (although it's really specific to our switches and naming scheme). Thanks! p.s. perhaps is this a question for stackoverflow? please move if it so.

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• Automatically reconnect to VPN when it drops

  - by IAmAI

  I use OpenVPN to connect to a VPN service. I will often use it unattended and on occasion I have come back to find the service disconnected and GUI asking for login credentials. If the connection is disconnected by the service, and not me, I'd like it to attempt to reconnect automatically with no intervention from me, and ideally, if the reconnection attempt initially fails, keep attempting to do so at regular intervals until a connection is successfully. Is there anyway to configure OpenVPN to do this? If not, can someone suggest a way of doing it with scripting (I use Windows)? Failing that, can anyone suggest a VPN solution that does this? The VPN provider supports PPTP as well as OpenVPN. I have configured OpenVPN to read login credentials from a file. Below is my config script. I have censored any details specific to the VPN provider. client dev tun proto tcp remote ???.???.??? 0000 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ???.???.??? verb 3 mute-replay-warnings float reneg-sec 0 auth-user-pass auth.conf auth-nocache Thanks for your help.

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• Why is /dev/urandom only readable by root since Ubuntu 12.04 and how can I "fix" it?

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I used to work with Ubuntu 10.04 templates on a lot of servers. Since changing to 12.04 I have problems that I've now isolated. The /dev/urandom device is only accessible to root. This caused SSL engines, at least in PHP, for example file_get_contents(https://... to fail. It also broke redmine. After a chmod 644 it works fine, but that doesnt stay upon reboot. So my question. why is this? I see no security risk because... i mean.. wanna steal some random data? How can I "fix" it? The servers are isolated and used by only one application, thats why I use openvz. I think about something like a runlevel script or so... but how do I do it efficiently? Maby with dpkg or apt? The same goes vor /dev/shm. in this case i totally understand why its not accessible, but I assume I can "fix" it the same way to fix /dev/urandom

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• Unexpected behaviour in a Lotus Notes programmable table

  - by Mark B

  I'm designing a workflow database in Lotus Notes 6.0.3 (soon upgrading to 8.5), and my OS is Windows XP. I have recently tried converting a tabbed table into a programmable one. This was so that I could control which tab was displayed to the user when it was opened, so that they were presented with the most appropriate one for that document's progress through the workflow. That part of it works! One of the tabs features a radio button that controls visibility of the next tab, and a pair of cascading dialogue boxes. One contains the static list "Person":"Team", and the other has a formula based on the first: view:=@If(PeerReview = "Team"; "GroupNames"; "GroupMembers"); @Unique(@DbColumn(""; ""; view; 1)) The dialogue boxes have the property "Refresh fields on keyword change" selected. The behaviour that I wasn't expecting is this. If the radio button is set to "Yes" and a value is selected in one of the dialogue boxes, the table opens the next tab. If the radio button is set to "No" and a value is selected in one of the dialogue boxes, the entire table is hidden. I can duplicate the latter by switching off the "Refresh fields on keyword change" property on the dialogue boxes and instead pressing F9 after selecting a value. I have no idea why the former occurs, though. The table is called "RFCInfo", and I have a field on the form called "$RFCInfo" which is editable, hidden from all users who aren't me and initially set by a Postopen script, which I can post if necessary - it's essentially a Select Case statement that looks at a particular item value and returns the name of the table row relating to that value. Can anyone offer any pointers?

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• Clean installation of RHEL 5.5 claims package "desktops" is missing

  - by TKguru42

  Hi all, I'm a student worker in the CS department of my university, so please forgive me for any unprofessional descriptions. Simplified explanations are appreciated. I recently replaced some bad graphics cards in a few public workstations. The machines are all the same model. Before putting them back on the network I did fresh installs of RHEL---first I tried 5.4, but yum update ran into all sorts of ugly dependency errors and if I tried to remove any of the problematic packages, the whole operating system FUBAR'd. Using RHEL 5.5 gave me the same errors during install saying that "java.1.5.1-sun*" and "desktops" were missing, but yum update didn't have any dependency problems. Now that I tried logging in through the GUI, I encounter no GUI past the standard RHEL login page. The desktop is a uniform light teal and there's no system tray. An xclock window and an xterm window are open, and Firefox opens automatically, but that's it. Nothing else. What's REALLY confusing is that the computer claims that gnome is already installed, except it clearly isn't working. Any help or advice is greatly appreciated. If it helps, our department uses kickstart to run our standard Linux installs. I can try to get the script if that would be of use. Thank you!

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• Can I set up arbitrary filesystem redirection in Windows?

  - by Jon

  I am sitting in front of a Windows 7 machine that has no drive Q:. Is it possible to arrange for accesses to Q:\somedir to be redirected to an arbitrary location on the existing filesystems (for example, C:\Windows)? I would especially like a "set it and forget it" option, if one exists. I am assuming (although I have not tried it) that it is possible to use SUBST to mount an existing (empty, created for this purpose) folder as drive Q: and then MKLINK /J to create a directory symbolic link from Q:\somedir to wherever I want. However, this approach has a couple of drawbacks that I would like to avoid if possible: The drive Q: will be visible in the system. It is not as clean as I would like (removing the mounted folder will break it; a batch script needs to be manually added to the system startup). Is there a better option? If there is none and I am forced to make compromises, what is the closest I could get to the ideal solution? Assume anything is up for discussion.

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• ImageMagick installation confusion

  - by Codemonkey

  Well this is turning out to be a pain. I'm on CentOS 6.5. I saw on the PECL ImageMagick changelog that they added a load of constants for new filters, such as LANCZOS2SHARP. Some testing I did earlier suggested that PhotoShop 6.5 was able to downsize photos with better clarity than my current ImageMagick's best effort of LANCZOS, so I thought I'd try to upgrade to test out the newer filters. So, first port of call - get source from pecl for 3.2.0RC1. Installed with no problems. But, ah-ha. Although it says it only requires IM 6.2.4, the filters I'm after don't work unless you have 6.6.6+ So I go http://www.imagemagick.org/script/install-source.php to install the newest version. This is the bit that's puzzled me. It all appears to have installed fined. The tests work fine, passing 40 out of 40. If I run identify -version on the command line it outputs 6.8.9 But if I echo Imagick::getVersion() in PHP it shows 6.5.4, even after restarting php-fpm. rpm -qa | grep ImageMagick shows that I still have 6.5.4 installed locate ImageMagic also only seems to show the 6.5.4 one I feel that the missing link here is ImageMagick-devel, do I need to install that too? How do I go about doing that? Or do I just need to reinstall the pecl-imagemagick 3.2.0RC1 now that I have the latest IM installed?

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• environment variables generated by at command

  - by Jordan Arseno

  I'm inspecting /var/spool/cron/atjobs/a001cf01570e44 with cat, after running the at command from PHP using exec(). It looks like at has prepended the script with lots of APACHE environment variables. #!/bin/sh # atrun uid=33 gid=33 # mail www-data 0 umask 22 APACHE_RUN_DIR=/var/run/apache2; export APACHE_RUN_DIR APACHE_PID_FILE=/var/run/apache2.pid; export APACHE_PID_FILE PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin; export PATH APACHE_LOCK_DIR=/var/lock/apache2; export APACHE_LOCK_DIR LANG=C; export LANG APACHE_RUN_USER=www-data; export APACHE_RUN_USER APACHE_RUN_GROUP=www-data; export APACHE_RUN_GROUP APACHE_LOG_DIR=/var/log/apache2; export APACHE_LOG_DIR PWD=/home/jordanarseno/webroot/public_html/myapp; export PWD cd /home/jordanarseno/webroot/public\_html/myapp || { echo 'Execution directory inaccessible' >&2 exit 1 } curl -k http://localhost/myapp/crons/this_action/3 The last line is the only real command I sent along with at via stdin. What is the purpose of these variables? Where is this procedure stored?

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• How should an experienced Windows SysAdmin learn Linux? [closed]

  - by Systemspoet

  I have a new hire starting in a few weeks who is an experienced Windows SysAdmin. I think he's fairly senior on the Windows side, with a pretty deep AD understanding and experience with Exchange 2007, 2010, and exchange migrations. He's done a little PowerShell but I suspect more of the "run this command to do this" variety then "write a script to do this" sort. However, we are a mixed shop and (he knows this) I expect him to become a reasonably competent Linux SysAdmin over time. I'm looking for good starting points to bring him along. I have over ten years of Linux/UNIX experience, so it all sort of seems intuitive to me, but I've been thinking about the toolkit you actually need to be productive in the Linux CLI world. Just to be able to use the machines at all, off the top of my head... vi Basic CLI stuff -- move around, rename files, copy files, tar, gzip, changing passwords, finding relevant manpages, keep track of where you are, find things in your history, etc, etc. More advanced things that I take for granted but are actually pretty hard -- doing things with 'find', extracting relevant text via 'awk' and/or 'cut', knowing when to use 'grep' and when to use 'grep -e' or 'egrep'. Distribution specific stuff... compiling software, rpm, yum, apt-get, you name it. This all seems pretty basic to me, but when I think back to 1995 when I was first learning my way, some of those things took me years to master. So my question is -- where should I send him to pick up those skills? I'm not just thinking of classes, but rather also websites and books? Where do you all suggest as a starting point for picking up Linux skills?

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• Prevent rmdir -p from traversing above a certain directory

  - by thepurplepixel

  I hacked together this script to rsync some files over ssh. The --remove-source-files option of rsync seems to remove the files it transfers, which is what I want. However, I also want the directories those files are placed in to be gone as well. The current part of the find command, -exec rmdir -p {} ; tries to remove the parent directory (in this case, /srv/torrents), but fails because it doesn't have the right permissions. What I'd like to do is stop rmdir from traversing above the directory find is run in, or find another solution to get rid of all the empty folders. I've thought of using some kind of loop with find and running rmdir without the -p switch, but I thought it wouldn't work out. Essentially, is there an alternative way to remove all the empty directories under the parent directory? Thanks in advance! #!/bin/bash HOST='<hostname>' USER='<username>' DIR='<destination directory>' SOURCE='/srv/torrents/' rsync -e "ssh -l $USER" --remove-source-files -h -4 -r --stats -m --progress -i $SOURCE $HOST:$DIR find $SOURCE -mindepth 1 -type d -empty -prune -exec rmdir -p \{\} \;

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• Explain why .bash_logout won't run commands?

  - by Droogans

  So I've been wondering how to run these two lines of code everytime I close an open instance of Terminal: history -c cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history I export HISTFILE=5 on startup, but still want to flush that out when I'm done. I've tried looking around a bit in a couple of places, and haven't had much luck. I run Linux Mint, and would also note here that I ran into a similar issue with .bash_profile; eventually, I discovered I needed to place all start up code in .bashrc, so maybe that has something to do with it. Here's my .bash_logout file: #!/bin/bash # ~/.bash_logout: executed by bash(1) when login shell exits. # when leaving the console clear the screen to increase privacy if [ "$SHLVL" = 1 ]; then history -c cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history [ -x /usr/bin/clear_console ] && /usr/bin/clear_console -q fi #this does nothing on exit... echo 'logout'; sleep 2s I've tried re-arranging this script many ways, I'm not sure if I don't understand how bash works, and if any of this is running in the first place. Does the fact that I run Xserver make bash consider Terminal something that isn't a log-out on exit?

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• Weblogic WLST classpath

  - by user43736

  When I run the WLST .sh script to set the env as follows why can't I see the updated path when I do echo? [linbox2 bin]$ ./setWLSEnv.sh CLASSPATH=/directory/ols_wls/patch_wlss1032/profiles/default/sys_manifest_classpath/weblogic_patch.jar: /directory/ols_wls/patch_wls1032/profiles/default/sys_manifest_classpath/weblogic_patch.jar: /directory/ols_wls/patch_oepe1032/profiles/default/sys_manifest_classpath/weblogic_patch.jar: /directory/ols_wls/patch_ocm1031/profiles/default/sys_manifest_classpath/weblogic_patch.jar: /directory/ols_wls/jrockit_160_14_R27.6.5-32/lib/tools.jar: /directory/ols_wls/utils/config/10.3/config-launch.jar: /directory/ols_wls/wlserver_10.3/server/lib/weblogic_sp.jar: /directory/ols_wls/wlserver_10.3/server/lib/weblogic.jar: /directory/ols_wls/modules/features/weblogic.server.modules_10.3.2.0.jar: /directory/ols_wls/wlserver_10.3/server/lib/webservices.jar: /directory/ols_wls/modules/org.apache.ant_1.7.0/lib/ant-all.jar: /directory/ols_wls/modules/net.sf.antcontrib_1.0.0.0_1-0b2/lib/ant-contrib.jar: PATH=/directory/ols_wls/wlserver_10.3/server/bin: /directory/ols_wls/modules/org.apache.ant_1.7.0/bin: /directory/ols_wls/jrockit_160_14_R27.6.5-32/jre/bin: /directory/ols_wls/jrockit_160_14_R27.6.5-32/bin: /usr/kerberos/bin: /usr/local/bin: /bin: /usr/bin: /usr/X11R6/bin: /usr/java/j2sdk1.4.2_11/bin/bin: /home/oracle/bin: /directory/wls_olwcs/jdk160_14_R27.6.5-32/bin: /directory/ccanywhere81/bin:/directory/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/client_1/bin Your environment has been set. [linbox2 bin]$ export CLASSPATH [linbox2 bin]$ export PATH [linbox2 bin]$ echo $PATH /usr/kerberos/bin: /usr/local/bin: /bin: /usr/bin: /usr/X11R6/bin: /usr/java/j2sdk1.4.2_11/bin/bin: /home/oracle/bin: /directory/wls_olwcs/jdk160_14_R27.6.5-32/bin: /directory/ccanywhere81/bin: /directory/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/client_1/bin [linbox2 bin]$

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• Can't upgrade MySQL Server on new Ubuntu 12.04 install

  - by user179627

  After freshly installing Ubuntu server 12.04, I did the usual apt-get update / apt-get upgrade, which failed for mysql-server-5.5: Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.31-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ... start: Job failed to start invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed. dpkg: error processing mysql-server-5.5 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server: mysql-server depends on mysql-server-5.5; however: Package mysql-server-5.5 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing mysql-server (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured I tried a wide variety a approaches suggested by googling, which involved various combinations of apt-get remove/purge/install -f/reinstall, etc., with no luck. I also tried downloading the package directly from launchpad.net and running dpkg -i on it (this had worked for a similar issue with a kernel upgrade), but to no avail. I'm not actually particularly interested in what's going on with mysql, per se (though I will need to figure it out at some time); at this point, my primary concern is that I am unable to apt-get install other packages! What to do?

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