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  • Modify columns in a data frame in R more cleanly - maybe using with() or apply()?

    - by Mittenchops
    I understand the answer in R to repetitive things is usually "apply()" rather than loop. Is there a better R-design pattern for a nasty bit of code I create frequently? So, pulling tabular data from HTML, I usually need to change the data type, and end up running something like this, to convert the first column to date format (from decimal), and columns 2-4 from character strings with comma thousand separators like "2,400,000" to numeric "2400000." X[,1] <- decYY2YY(as.numeric(X[,1])) X[,2] <- as.numeric(gsub(",", "", X[,2])) X[,3] <- as.numeric(gsub(",", "", X[,3])) X[,4] <- as.numeric(gsub(",", "", X[,4])) I don't like that I have X[,number] repeated on both the left and ride sides here, or that I have basically the same statement repeated for 2-4. Is there a very R-style way of making X[,2] less repetitive but still loop-free? Something that sort of says "apply this to columns 2,3,4---a function that reassigns the current column to a modified version in place?" I don't want to create a whole, repeatable cleaning function, really, just a quick anonymous function that does this with less repetition.

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  • typeof === "undefined" vs. != null

    - by Thor Thurn
    I often see JavaScript code which checks for undefined parameters etc. this way: if (typeof input !== "undefined") { // do stuff } This seems kind of wasteful, since it involves both a type lookup and a string comparison, not to mention its verbosity. It's needed because 'undefined' could be renamed, though. My question is: How is that code any better than this approach: if (input != null) { // do stuff } As far as I know, you can't redefine null, so it's not going to break unexpectedly. And, because of the type-coercion of the != operator, this checks for both undefined and null... which is often exactly what you want (e.g. for optional function parameters). Yet this form does not seem widespread, and it even causes JSLint to yell at you for using the evil != operator. Why is this considered bad style?

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  • Should developers *really* have private offices?

    - by Aron Rotteveel
    We will probably be moving within a year, so we have to make some decisions regarding office layout. At the moment, our company is basically one big office. When our developers can't bother to be disturbed at all, we all have our own headphones to mute the outside world. Still, it seems a lot of people feel that private offices are no doubt the way to go. From Joel's article Private Offices Redux: Not every programmer in the world wants to work in a private office. In fact quite a few would tell you unequivocally that they prefer the camaradarie and easy information sharing of an open space. Don't fall for it. They also want M&Ms for breakfast and a pony. Open space is fun but not productive. Even though I can understand the benefit on productivity, does having a private office really result in more net productivity? There seem to be plenty of companies that create wide open spaces and still maintain good productivity. Or so it seems. (I should mention many of them use cubicles, though) What is your opinion on this? What does your company do? Is there some middle ground in this? Some more related information on this matter: Private Offices Redux The new Fog Creek office A Field Guide to Developers Gmail recruitment page. Found this last one somewhat remarkable since the Gmail recruitment page promotes the "wide open space" idea.

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  • Resharper: how to force introducing new private fields at the bottom of the class?

    - by Igor Brejc
    Resharper offers a very useful introduce and initialize field xxx action when you specify a new parameter in a constructor like: Constructor (int parameter) The only (minor) nuisance is that it puts the new field at the beginning of the class - and I'm a fan of putting private parts as far away as possible from the prying eyes of strangers ;). If, however, you already have some private fields in the class, Resharper will put the new field "correctly" (note the quotes, I don't want to start a flame war over this issue) next to those, even if they are at the end of the class. Is there a way to force Resharper to always put new fields at the end of the class? UPDATE: OK, I forgot to mention I know about the "Type Members Layout in Options" feature, but some concrete help on how to modify the template to achieve fields placement would be nice.

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  • which file stored os.environ,and store where , disk c: or disk d:

    - by zjm1126
    my code is : os.environ['ss']='ssss' print os.environ and it show : {'TMP': 'C:\\DOCUME~1\\ADMINI~1\\LOCALS~1\\Temp', 'COMPUTERNAME': 'PC-200908062210', 'USERDOMAIN': 'PC-200908062210', 'COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files', 'PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'x86 Family 6 Model 15 Stepping 2, GenuineIntel', 'PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files', 'PROCESSOR_REVISION': '0f02', 'SYSTEMROOT': 'C:\\WINDOWS', 'PATH': 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Program Files\\Hewlett-Packard\\IAM\\bin;C:\\Program Files\\Common Files\\Thunder Network\\KanKan\\Codecs;D:\\Program Files\\TortoiseSVN\\bin;d:\\Program Files\\Mercurial\\;D:\\Program Files\\Graphviz2.26.3\\bin;D:\\TDDOWNLOAD\\ok\\gettext\\bin;D:\\Python25;C:\\Program Files\\StormII\\Codec;C:\\Program Files\\StormII;D:\\zjm_code\\;D:\\Python25\\Scripts;D:\\MinGW\\bin;d:\\Program Files\\Google\\google_appengine\\', 'TEMP': 'C:\\DOCUME~1\\ADMINI~1\\LOCALS~1\\Temp', 'BID': '56727834-D5C3-4EBF-BFAA-FA0933E4E721', 'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'x86', 'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\All Users', 'SESSIONNAME': 'Console', 'HOMEPATH': '\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator', 'USERNAME': 'Administrator', 'LOGONSERVER': '\\\\PC-200908062210', 'COMSPEC': 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\cmd.exe', 'PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH', 'CLIENTNAME': 'Console', 'FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO', 'WINDIR': 'C:\\WINDOWS', 'APPDATA': 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator\\Application Data', 'HOMEDRIVE': 'C:', 'SS': 'ssss', 'SYSTEMDRIVE': 'C:', 'NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '2', 'PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '6', 'OS': 'Windows_NT', 'USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator'} i find google-app-engine set user_id in os.version not in session,look here at line 96-100 and line 257 , and aeoid at line 177 , and i want to know : which file stored os.environ ,and store where , disk c: ,or disk d: ? thanks

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  • C++ IDE on Linux

    - by idimba
    Hi, We trying to choose an IDE for C++ development on Linux. The proposed options are KDevelop and Eclipse. Eclipse is highly customizable, but Java centric and heavy. KDevelop is bounded to particular KDE (I believe because KDE API) and can not be replaced if required. What you use and why? Thanks Dima

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  • What application you recommend to start peeking to learn Python style?

    - by voyager
    Do you know any application, the more interesting/useful the better, to introduce a new person to Python language and the Python code style, but not necessarily to OO programing, so as to learn the subtleties and idioms of the language and surrounding community? I'm thinking along the lines of people that has worked with JavaScript, Java or .NET, and already have a strong hold of OO concepts.

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  • Nice way to break a reply up into pieces in ruby

    - by ChaosR
    Hello, I'm writing an IRCd. For this topic it doesn't really matter if you know much about IRC. Its a simple code style problem. Quick overview of the problem: No message may be longer than 512 characters If the message is more, it must be broken into pieces The NAMES reply sends all the nicknames of users on a channel, and quickly grows beyond 512 characters. I currently concocted this marvelous piece of code, it works perfectly. However, its just not "ruby-like". This piece of code is more what you expect in some piece of C code. # 11 is the number of all fixed characters combined in the reply pre_length = 11 + servername.length + mynick.length + channel.name.length list = [""] i = 0 channel.nicks.each do |nick, client| list[i+=1] = "" if list[i].length + nick.length + pre_length > 500 list[i] << "#{channel.mode_char(client)}#{client.nick} " end list.each { |l| send_numeric(RPL_NAMREPLY, channel.name, l.strip) } send_numeric(RPL_ENDOFNAMES, channel.name) So my question is, any ideas to do this more nicely? PS. code has been slightly modified to make it easier to understand out-of-context

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  • Where to Declare Structures, etc?

    - by cam
    Should all structs and classes be declared in the header file? If I declare a struct/class in a source file, what do I need to put in the header file so that it can be used in other files? Also, are there any resources that show some standard practices of C++ out there?

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  • Is concatenating with an empty string to do a string conversion really that bad?

    - by polygenelubricants
    Let's say I have two char variables, and later on I want to concatenate them into a string. This is how I would do it: char c1, c2; // ... String s = "" + c1 + c2; I've seen people who say that the "" + "trick" is "ugly", etc, and that you should use String.valueOf or Character.toString instead. I prefer this construct because: I prefer using language feature instead of API call if possible In general, isn't the language usually more stable than the API? If language feature only hides API call, then even stronger reason to prefer it! More abstract! Hiding is good! I like that the c1 and c2 are visually on the same level String.valueOf(c1) + c2 suggests something is special about c1 It's shorter. Is there really a good argument why String.valueOf or Character.toString is preferrable to "" +? Trivia: in java.lang.AssertionError, the following line appears 7 times, each with a different type: this("" + detailMessage);

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  • Using typedefs (or #defines) on built in types - any sensible reason?

    - by jb
    Well I'm doing some Java - C integration, and throught C library werid type mappings are used (theres more of them;)): #define CHAR char /* 8 bit signed int */ #define SHORT short /* 16 bit signed int */ #define INT int /* "natural" length signed int */ #define LONG long /* 32 bit signed int */ typedef unsigned char BYTE; /* 8 bit unsigned int */ typedef unsigned char UCHAR; /* 8 bit unsigned int */ typedef unsigned short USHORT; /* 16 bit unsigned int */ typedef unsigned int UINT; /* "natural" length unsigned int*/ Is there any legitimate reason not to use them? It's not like char is going to be redefined anytime soon. I can think of: Writing platform/compiler portable code (size of type is underspecified in C/C++) Saving space and time on embedded systems - if you loop over array shorter than 255 on 8bit microprocessor writing: for(uint8_t ii = 0; ii < len; ii++) will give meaureable speedup.

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  • Unexpected variable update when using bash's $(( )) operator for arithmetic

    - by philo
    I'm trying to trim a few lines from a file. I know exactly how many lines to remove (say, 2 from the top), but not how many total lines are in the file. So I tried this straightforward solution: $ wc -l $FILENAME 119559 my_filename.txt $ LINES=$(wc -l $FILENAME | awk '{print $1}') $ tail -n $(($LINES - 2)) $FILENAME > $OUTPUT_FILE The output is fine, but what happened to LINES?? $ wc -l $OUTPUT_FILE 119557 my_output_file.txt $ echo $LINES 107 Hoping someone can help me understand what's going on.

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  • config.cache_classes = true in production mode has problems in IE

    - by techno_log
    Hi Dears, In my rails app. I am using link_to_function to bring an ajax tabs in one page.Everything works fine in Moazilla and other browsers. But in IE the tabs are not loading only when the server is started in production mode(doesn't matter whether its webrick or mongrel). In development mode everything is fine. So I figured out that the issue was with one line config.cache_classes = true in app/config/environments/production.rb when i changed the above code to config.cache_classes = false everything works fine. So I assume caching causes problem in rails. When I Googled about this I found many have the issues with caching. So my question is 1) is there any other fix for this? 2) Does this fix (config.cache_classes = false) causes any performance issues. If then how to overcome that? Any comments and suggestions are welcome. Techno_log

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  • Is there a downside to adding an anonymous empty delegate on event declaration?

    - by serg10
    I have seen a few mentions of this idiom (including on SO): // Deliberately empty subscriber public event EventHandler AskQuestion = delegate {}; The upside is clear - it avoids the need to check for null before raising the event. However, I am keen to understand if there are any downsides. For example, is it something that is in widespread use and is transparent enough that it won't cause a maintenance headache? Is there any appreciable performance hit of the empty event subscriber call?

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  • Programming logic best practice - redundant checks

    - by eldblz
    I'm creating a large PHP project and I've a trivial doubt about how to proceed. Assume we got a class books, in this class I've the method ReturnInfo: function ReturnInfo($id) { if( is_numeric($id) ) { $query = "SELECT * FROM books WHERE id='" . $id . "' LIMIT 1;"; if( $row = $this->DBDrive->ExecuteQuery($query, $FetchResults=TRUE) ) { return $row; } else { return FALSE; } } else { throw new Exception('Books - ReturnInfo - id not valid.'); } } Then i have another method PrintInfo function PrintInfo($id) { print_r( $this->ReturnInfo($id) ); } Obviously the code sample are just for example and not actual production code. In the second method should I check (again) if id is numeric ? Or can I skip it because is already taken care in the first method and if it's not an exception will be thrown? Till now I always wrote code with redundant checks (no matter if already checked elsewhere i'll check it also here) Is there a best practice? Is just common sense? Thank you in advance for your kind replies.

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  • Python Etiquette: Importing Modules

    - by F3AR3DLEGEND
    Say I have two Python modules: module1.py: import module2 def myFunct(): print "called from module1" module2.py: def myFunct(): print "called from module2" def someFunct(): print "also called from module2" If I import module1, is it better etiquette to re-import module2, or just refer to it as module1.module2? For example (someotherfile.py): import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module1.module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" I can also do this: module2 = module1.module2. Now, I can directly call module2.myFunct(). However, I can change module1.py to: from module2 import * def myFunct(): print "called from module1" Now, in someotherfile.py, I can do this: import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1"; overrides module2 module1.someFunct() # prints "also called from module2" Also, by importing *, help('module1') shows all of the functions from module2. On the other hand, (assuming module1.py uses import module2), I can do: someotherfile.py: import module1, module2 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" Again, which is better etiquette and practice? To import module2 again, or to just refer to module1's importation?

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  • How can I configure Xcode to put '{' where I want it in generated files

    - by djhworld
    I know this is a fairly contentious issue amongst programmers, but when developing I like my IDE to position the opening curly bracket underneath the method/interface/control declaration, for illustrative purposes: - This is how Xcode automatically generates skeleton methods with the { at the end: - -(void) isTrue:(BOOL)input { if(input) { return YES; } else { return NO; } } This is how I like to lay out my code (which I believe is called the Allman style): - -(void) isTrue:(BOOL)input { if(input) { return YES; } else { return NO; } } I'm just wondering if there's any configuration switch in Xcode to enable this style of development? It's really annoying when typing out if/else statements as it tends to auto-complete the else clause with the { at the end of the line which just looks silly if you like developing with them underneath. Or am I being unreasonable? Is Objective-C supposed to adhere to a standard defined by Apple?

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  • How can I set the Rails environment for my somewhat stand alone Ruby script?

    - by Nick
    I have a Ruby script in my Rails app that I use to load some data from Twitter. In the future I will make it an automatic background process, but for now I run it manually like: ruby /lib/twitter/twitterLoad.rb In order to use the Rails model classes and such, I have the following as the top line of the script: require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/../../config/environment.rb" By default, the development environment is used. But, I'd like to be able to choose the production environment at some point. Update #1: The RAILS_ENV constant is getting set in the environment.rb file. So, I was able to put ENV['RAILS_ENV'] = 'production' at the very top (before the environment.rb) line and solve my problem somewhat. So, my new question is, can do pass in env vars through the command line?

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  • A good way to implement useable Callbacks in C++

    - by Marcel J.
    I have a custom Menu class written in C++. To seperate the code into easy-to-read functions I am using Callbacks. Since I don't want to use Singletons for the Host of the Menu I provide another parameter (target) which will be given to the callback as the first parameter (some kind of workaround for the missing "this" reference). Registration-Signature AddItem(string s, void(*callback)(void*,MenuItem*), void* target = NULL) Example of a Registration menu->AddItem(TRANSLATE, "translate", &MyApp::OnModeSelected); Example of a Handler /* static */ void MyApp::OnModeSelected(void* that, MenuItem* item) { MyApp *self = (MyApp*)that; self->activeMode = item->text; } Is there anything one could consider dirty with this approach? Are there maybe better ones?

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  • Python: When passing variables between methods, is it necessary to assign it a new name?

    - by Anthony
    I'm thinking that the answer is probably 'no' if the program is small and there are a lot of methods, but what about in a larger program? If I am going to be using one variable in multiple methods throughout the program, is it smarter to: Come up with a different phrasing for each method (to eliminate naming conflicts). Use the same name for each method (to eliminate confusion) Just use a global variable (to eliminate both) This is more of a stylistic question than anything else. What naming convention do YOU use when passing variables?

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  • Pyjamas import statements

    - by Gordon Worley
    I'm starting to use Pyjamas and I'm running into some annoyances. I have to import a lot of stuff to make a script work well. For example, to make a button I need to first from pyjamas.ui.Button import Button and then I can use Button. Note that import pyjamas.ui.Button and then using Button.Button doesn't work (results in errors when you build to JavaScript, at least in 0.7pre1). Does anyone have a better example of a good way to do the import statements in Pyjamas than what the Pyjamas folks have on their site? Doing things their way is possible, but ugly and overly complicated from my perspective, especially when you want to use a dozen or more ui components.

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  • Perform separate compilation of Latex documents

    - by ancechu
    When compiling latex documents the compiler emits a lot of "object" files. This clutters the directories I'm working on and it difficults the use of VCS like SVN. When I work with C++ code I have separate directories for the code and the objects, I can run make on the source directory but the .o files go to the build directory. Is there a proper way to perform this separate compilation with Latex documents? Can it be done by using Makefiles or by passing options to the latex compiler? Thanks

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  • Is GOTO really as evil as we are led to believe?

    - by RoboShop
    I'm a young programmer, so all my working life I've been told GOTO is evil, don't use it, if you do, your first born son will die. Recently, I've realized that GOTO actually still exists in .NET and I was wondering, is GOTO really as bad as they say, or is it just because everyone says you shouldn't use it, so that's why you don't. I know GOTO can be used badly, but are there any legit situations where you may possibly use it. The only thing I can think of is maybe to use GOTO to break out of a bunch of nested loops. I reckon that might be better then having to "break" out of each of them but because GOTO is supposedly always bad, I would never use it and it would probably never pass a peer review. What are your views? Is GOTO always bad? Can it sometimes be good? Has anyone here actually been gutsy enough to use GOTO for a real life system?

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