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  • Cisco ASA user authentication options - OpenID, public RSA sig, others?

    - by Ryan
    My organization has a Cisco ASA 5510 which I have made act as a firewall/gateway for one of our offices. Most resources a remote user would come looking for exist inside. I've implemented the usual deal - basic inside networks with outbound NAT, one primary outside interface with some secondary public IPs in the PAT pool for public-facing services, a couple site-to-site IPSec links to other branches, etc. - and I'm working now on VPN. I have the WebVPN (clientless SSL VPN) working and even traversing the site-to-site links. At the moment I'm leaving a legacy OpenVPN AS in place for thick client VPN. What I would like to do is standardize on an authentication method for all VPN then switch to the Cisco's IPSec thick VPN server. I'm trying to figure out what's really possible for authentication for these VPN users (thick client and clientless). My organization uses Google Apps and we already use dotnetopenauth to authenticate users for a couple internal services. I'd like to be able to do the same thing for thin and thick VPN. Alternatively a signature-based solution using RSA public keypairs (ssh-keygen type) would be useful to identify user@hardware. I'm trying to get away from legacy username/password auth especially if it's internal to the Cisco (just another password set to manage and for users to forget). I know I can map against an existing LDAP server but we have LDAP accounts created for only about 10% of the user base (mostly developers for Linux shell access). I guess what I'm looking for is a piece of middleware which appears to the Cisco as an LDAP server but will interface with the user's existing OpenID identity. Nothing I've seen in the Cisco suggests it can do this natively. But RSA public keys would be a runner-up, and much much better than standalone or even LDAP auth. What's really practical here?

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  • Four disks - RAID 10 or two mirrored pairs?

    - by ewwhite
    I have this discussion with developers quite often. The context is an application running in Linux that has a medium amount of disk I/O. The servers are HP ProLiant DL3x0 G6 with four disks of equal size @ 15k rpm, backed with a P410 controller and 512MB of battery or flash-based cache. There are two schools of thought here, and I wanted some feedback... 1). I'm of the mind that it makes sense to create an array containing all four disks set up in a RAID 10 (1+0) and partition as necessary. This gives the greatest headroom for growth, has the benefit of leveraging the higher spindle count and better fault-tolerance without degradation. 2). The developers think that it's better to have multiple RAID 1 pairs. One for the OS and one for the application data, citing that the spindle separation would reduce resource contention. However, this limits throughput by halving the number of drives and in this case, the OS doesn't really do much other than regular system logging. Additionally, the fact that we have the battery RAID cache and substantial RAM seems to negate the impact of disk latency... What are your thoughts?

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  • Domain names timing out after VPS IP change

    - by Fourjays
    I rent a CentOS 5 VPS from a UK-based provider, with DirectAdmin also installed. On Thursday night, they carried out planned maintenance to changed the two IPs I had been assigned to two new ones. On Friday, after the change had taken place, I updated my domain name records to reflect the IP change. Since then, all of the domains pointing to the VPS are timing out. Additionally, DirectAdmin was also not responding, but was was resolved by running the ipswap scripts as found in the DirectAdmin knowledgebase. It did not fix my domains though. I have contacted the VPS provider but I have been waiting for a response for some time now. I have checked again, and again, and all the IPs referenced in DirectAdmin are correct. If I go to the server IP in my browser it responds with "Apache is functioning normally." Email accounts on the server are also functioning correctly. But if I access a domain itself, it times out. Running a ping and a DNS look-up, I can confirm the nameserver IPs are correct. If I run a trace route it reaches an IP that is similar to my VPS IPs (last 2 blocks are different) before timing out (it never shows my server IP). I am relatively new to VPS management so don't have a vast wealth of experience with troubleshooting problems on them. I have checked all of the httpd configuration files, which don't seem to have any IP references in them at all. Looking in the Apache error logs, what errors there are do not coincide with times I have tried to access the site. Is this issue at my provider's end? Is there anything else I can check or test, to rule out post-IP-change problems with my server configuration? It was all running fine prior to the IP change.

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  • Transparent proxying in MacOS X 10.6 Snow Leopard (and maybe FreeBSD)

    - by apenwarr
    I'm trying to create a transparent proxy on my MacOS machine in order to port the sshuttle ssh-based transproxy VPN from Linux. I think I almost have it working, but sadly, almost is not 100%. Short version is this. In one window, start something that listens on port 12300: $ while :; do nc -l 12300; done Now enable proxying: # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 # sysctl -w net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1 # ipfw add 1000 fwd 127.0.0.1,12300 log tcp from any to any And now test it out: $ telnet localhost 9999 # any port number will do # this works; type stuff and you'll see it in the nc window $ telnet google.com 80 # any host/port will do # this *doesn't* work! After the latter experiment, I see lines like this in netstat: $ netstat -tn | grep ^tcp4 tcp4 0 0 66.249.91.104.80 192.168.1.130.61072 SYN_RCVD tcp4 0 0 192.168.1.130.61072 66.249.91.104.80 SYN_SENT The second socket belongs to my telnet program; the first is more suspicious. SYN_RCVD implies that my SYN packet was correctly captured by the firewall and taken in by the kernel, but apparently the SYNACK was never sent back to telnet, because it's still in SYN_SENT. On the other hand, if I kill the nc server, I get this: $ telnet google.com 80 Trying 66.249.81.104... telnet: connect to address 66.249.81.104: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host ...which is as expected: my proxy server isn't running, so ipfw redirects my connection to port 12300, which has nobody listening on it, ie. connection refused. My uname says this: $ uname -a Darwin mean.local 10.2.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.2.0: Tue Nov 3 10:37:10 PST 2009; root:xnu-1486.2.11~1/RELEASE_I386 i386 Does anybody see any different results? (I'm especially interested in Snow Leopard vs Leopard results, as there seem to be some internet rumours that transproxy is broken in Snow Leopard version) Any advice for how to fix?

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  • Per connection bandwidth limit

    - by Kyr
    Apparently, our server box running Windows Server 2008 R2 has a per connection bandwidth limit of 0.2 MB/s. Meaning, while one TCP connection can pull at max 0.2 MB/s, 60 parallel connections can pull 12 MB/s. We first noticed this when trying to checkout large SVN repository from this server. I used a simple Java application to test this, transferring data from server to workstation using variable number of threads (one connection per thread). Server part of the application simply writes 1 MB memory buffer to socket 100 times, so there is no disk involvement. Each connection topped at 0.2 MB/s. Same per connection limit was for only one as was for 60 parallel connections. The problem is that I have no idea from where this limit comes from. I have very little experience administrating Windows Server, so I was mostly trying to find something by googling. I have checked the following: Local Computer Policy QoS Packet Scheduler Limit reservable bandwidth: it's Not configured; Group Policy Management Console: we have two GOPs, but neiher has any Policy-based QoS defined; There isn't any bandwidth limiter program installed, as far as I can tell. We're using standard Windows Firewall. I can update this question with any additional information if needed.

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  • computer build for extreme tabbed browsing

    - by David Berger
    I'm interested in building or buying a task-specific computer for my brother. His requirements are ridiculously simple: the machine has to be able to wait in hundreds of web-based virtual waiting rooms at once and not crash. To be competitive, he needs to be able to enter the waiting rooms an dauto-refresh them faster. My question is, what priority do I give the different specs? My initial surmise is this: Connection speed (nothing to do with my build, but I kind of think this will be more beneficial than anything I build for him) Memory size -- I don't usually see firefox taking up more than a gig, even when heavily tabbed, but I think one gig for the operating system and two gigs for the browser are necessary. Processor speed -- I think the processor will affect performance, but even something out of date will do what he needs Memory speed/RAM bus -- I doubt this will matter much, but it seems just on this side of irrelevant. Everything else is a non-issue for him. Does this seem to stack up correctly? Also, since he's looking to stay on the cheaper side, and I might end up recommending a refurb to him, is there anything particularly egregious that Vista would do if it came pre-installed? If I build it myself, I'll give him linux, but if I have it shipped to him, I'm not sure I could walk him through the install process for linux, but I probably could walk him through the process to upgrade to Windows 7, if it were somehow worth it.

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  • Access keystore on Sun ONE Webserver 6.1 for 2048 bit key length SSL

    - by George Bailey
    We want to get 2048 bit key length CSR requests. The browser based GUI provides us with a 1024 bit CSR and I don't know how to change that. It seems that 1024 bit key lengths will no longer supported by SSL companies. (Lower cost options only support 2048 bit. Thawte who is much more expensive say they accept 1024 for only one or two year certificates, but not 3). The legacy systems in question are running Sun ONE Webserver 6.1. Upgrading would be time consuming and we would rather not have to do that right now. We will be phasing these out but it will take awhile, so... Got it!! http://middlewarekb.wordpress.com/2010/06/30/how-to-generate-2048-bit-keypair-using-sun-one-or-iplanet-6-1-servers/ It is for the same version webserver I am using. /opt/SUNWwbsvr/bin/https/admin/bin/certutil -R -s "CN=sub.domain.ext,OU=org unit,O=company name,L=city,ST=spelled state,C=US,E=email" -a -k rsa -g 2048 -v 12 -d /opt/SUNWwbsvr/alias -P https-sub.domain.ext-hostname- -Z SHA1 Previous efforts edited out.

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  • Remote desktop type software that the client need not install anything...

    - by allentown
    I am primarily a Macintosh user, and can usually walk a client though any troubles they may have because I have a Macintosh in front of me. If they are on a different OS, things are close enough, or I cam remember, that I can get by. When trying to help clients on Windows, I get stuck. I do not have access to windows, and even if I did, there are far too many versions of Outlook, all with their various esoteric settings and checkboxes, that I could never see exactly what they are seeing. I mostly need to just help them with email setup. Something like copilot.com may do the trick. What is the simplest remote control software out there, ideally, it would accomplish these: No software needed on remote end, or, a single .exe that they can toss when done. I need Mac based software on my end. I do have ARD, which support VNC Free :) If possible, it would be really nice Needs a port forwarding proxy run by the company. There is no way I can get the user to alter their router, or to even plug directly into their WAN for a short time. On the Mac, I just have them open iChat, and this is all built in, proxying through AIM, looking for the same for Windows and Mac.

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  • Possible to host CentOS netinstall files on a local HTTP/FTP?

    - by garlicman
    I'm running XenServer on an Dell R610 and am running into a catch-22. During install from DVD, CentOS can't find the DVD package catalogue. It's a reported error for some, XenServer + CentOS6 + DVD install in some hardware configurations = failed install. Yes, I checked the MD5 and let the disc test pass. In every reported case, the netinstall was the solution. The issue is my net access is required to go through a web proxy that prompts before you can download a file. This naturally breaks any download automation. I've been waiting on our IT to put in an exception rule to allow my lab to bypass the prompt, but it's been over 3 weeks now and they don't seem responsive. (I've been working on this a day or two a week) I want to try and host the netinstall files local in my Xen network. Right now I only have a bunch of Windows based VMs, CentOS won't install so I don't have any Linux tools. I had tried simply hosting all the DVD contents off one of the Windows servers using Mongoose. (I didn't want to setup IIS) I copied them to a hosted sub-directory similar to all the mirrors out there (e.g. http:///centos/6.2/os/i386/) with no auth or anything. Then in the netinstall I correctly pointed to it. I now realize just copying the DVD files over won't work. The repodata will point to a local device, not the site I'm hosting. (e.g. the DVD repodata includes xml that points to where the packages are) Clearly I'm hosting them over HTTP, not from a DVD. Is there an easy way to sort this out? I'm just trying to install CentOS6 on Xen. If there's a turnkey downloadable Xen image with CentOS 6.2 on it, or a downloadable repo image, I'll take that too! Thank you in advance!

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  • Mac updated just now, postgres now broken

    - by Dave
    I run postgres 9.1 / ruby 1.9.2 / rails 3.1.0 on a maxbook air for local dev. It's all been running smoothly for months, (though this is the first time I've done development on a mac.) It's a macbook air from last year, and today I got the mac osx software update message as I have a few times before, and my system downloaded approx 450mb of updates and restarted. It now says it's on OSX 10.7.3. Point is, postgres has stopped working, when I start my thin server (mirror heroku cedar) as normal, and then browse to my rails app I get: PG::Error could not connect to server: Permission denied Is the server running locally and accepting connections on Unix domain socket "/var/pgsql_socket/.s.PGSQL.5432"? What happened? After browsing around a few questions I'm still confused, but here's some extra info: Running psql from command line gives same error I can run pgadmin 3 and connect via it and run SQL no problems Running which psql shows the version as /usr/bin/psql I created a PostgreSQL user back when I got the mac (it's always been on lion) I've no idea why, almost certainly I was following a tutorial which I neglected to store in my notes. Point is I am aware there is a _postgres user as well. I know it's rubbish, but apart from a note on passwords, I don't have any extra info on how I configured postgres - though the obvious implication is that I did not use the _postgres user. Anyone have suggestions or information on what might have changed / what I can try to debug and fix? Thanks. Edit: Playing around based on this question and answer: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7975414/check-status-of-postgresql-server-mac-os-x, see this string of commands: $ sudo su postgreSQL bash-3.2$ /Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/bin/pg_ctl start -D /Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/data pg_ctl: another server might be running; trying to start server anyway server starting bash-3.2$ 2012-04-08 19:03:39 GMT FATAL: lock file "postmaster.pid" already exists 2012-04-08 19:03:39 GMT HINT: Is another postmaster (PID 68) running in data directory "/Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/data"? bash-3.2$ exit

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  • Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs'......... need help!!!

    - by vikramtheone
    Hi Guys, I have a Ubuntu 9.04 Linux running on Freescale's i.MX515(ARM Cortex based) board with me. There were about 250 updates pending and I did that today, well some of the updates failed because of the infamous errors: E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem. E: Couldn't rebuild package cache E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem. So, when I do the 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' I get new errors related to FIS partition: Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs' User postinst hook script [/usr/sbin/flash-kernel] exited with value 1 dpkg: error processing linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51 (--configure): subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-imx51: linux-image-imx51 depends on linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51; however: Package linux-image-2.6.28-18-imx51 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-imx51 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-imx51: linux-imx51 depends on linux-image-imx51 (= 2.6.28.18.23); however: Package linux-image-imx51 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-imx51 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.28-18-imx51 Cannot find FIS partition 'initramfs' dpkg: subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Whats going wrong here, need help!!! I'm a newbie. Regards Vikram

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  • Home Server: cpu virtualisation, what to choose?

    - by Huygens
    I'm looking for virtualisation solutions for storage and OS for a home server. A sort of private cloud where I manage the storage space independently of the VM one. This question focus on VM (or compute instance) management and what would best suit my needs. (I have another question related to the storage management). My use cases are: A backup server: rsync and other services running. A personal cloud server: a kind of owned dropbox system, à la ownCloud. " users foreseen. A media server: streaming videos and displaying photos. Here my environement and wishes: Server: HP Proliant MicroServer with 8 GB RAM (AMD Turion dual core with AMD-V technology) OS types: only Linux (perhaps a *BSD VM in the future) Linux distributions do not matter, I'm familiar with RHEL, Fedora, Suse, Ubuntu, but any other recommandation will be fine 2-3 VMs foreseen: backup server, owncloud server and media server (optional). Those are only servers, so no graphical console needed (I don't need VirtualBox) By VM I mean a virtualised environment like KVM, Xen, etc. or a compute instance like with OpenStack storage should be "virtualised/cloudified" see my other question. VM should be able to be migrated to another server in the future if performance cannot be fullfilled anymore by the current server It does not matter if installation of such setup is complicated as long as management tools allow for easy maintenance I don't have Windows at home, so solution should be Linux friendly and would be nice to be web based. But native apps are OK too. System should be easy to enhance: by adding a new server to migate some of the VMs to it. So it's really a kind of private cloud on which I could run some Linux OS. I would prefer free (libre, as in a free speach) and open source tools. But it does not have to be free as in a free beer. So Xen, KVM, VitualBox or OpenStack? What would you recommend?

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  • Backing up SQL NetApp Snapshots using TSM

    - by WerkkreW
    In our environment we have a 3 node SQL 2005 Cluster which is on NetApp storage. We are currently using SMSQL (NetApp SnapManager for SQL) to take Snapshot backups of the data. This works great, but due to some audit requirements we are also forced to maintain some copies on tape. We have used NDMP in other places across the enterprise but we do not want to use it in this specific instance. Basically what I need to do is, get the most recent snapshot copy of the databases on tape, via Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM). What I have done is, obtained a basic Windows Server 2003 VM with SnapDrive installed, which is SAN attached and zoned to the NetApp, and I have written a batch file to do the following: Mount the latest __RECENT snapshot lun to the host, using a specific drive letter Perform a TSM based incremental backup Dis-mount the LUN This seems to work fine, except sometimes the LUN's do not mount due to some sort of timeout. Also, due to my limited knowledge of windows batch scripting, I have no way to monitor the success or failure of these backups since I do not know how to send a valid return code back to the TSM scheduling service. Is there a more efficient/elegant way to accomplish this without NDMP?

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  • Setting Outlook Web Access as default mail client in Firefox

    - by Barton Chittenden
    The company that I work for is nice enough to let me use Linux for work, but they use Outlook. I've been using Outlook Web Access (OWA) as my mail client, which is more or less acceptable. The only problem is that whenever I click on a mailto link or use the "Send Link" menu option in firefox, I'm prompted to use evolution. Since connecting to an exchange server through evolution seems to be sketchy at best, I would like to set OWA as my default mail client. I'm using Firefox 3.6.13 Here's what I've found so far: Default mail client can be found at Edit Menu -> Preferences -> Applications Tab -> mailto When I click on the drop down menu, one of the options is "Application Details" This shows two options by default: Google Yahoo! Mail Each of these shows how to launch that service. For Gmail: https://mail.google.com/mail/?extsrc=mailto&url=%s For Yahoo!: http://compose.mail.yahoo.com/?To=%s I presume that Outlook Web Access has something similar. Based on the googling that I've done so far, I think that this should look something like this: https://<server name>/owa/?cmd=compose... A little experimentation on my part shows that the following will compose a message: https://<email server>/owa/?ae=Item&a=New&t=IPM.Note but I still don't know how to specify recipient, subject or body of the email to be composed... What I want to know is a) does anyone know the URL parameters to compose a mailto in Outlook Web Access, including subject, recipient and body? else b) can someone give me a decent pointer for where to get this information?

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  • HTTP Error: 413 Request Entity Too Large

    - by Torben Gundtofte-Bruun
    What I have: I have an iPhone app that sends HTTP POST requests (XML format) to a web service written in PHP. This is on a hosted virtual private server so I can edit httpd.conf and other files on the server, and restart Apache. The problem: The web service works perfectly as long as the request is not too large, but around 1MB is the limit. After that, the server responds with: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>413 Request Entity Too Large</title> </head><body> <h1>Request Entity Too Large</h1> The requested resource<br />/<br /> does not allow request data with POST requests, or the amount of data provided in the request exceeds the capacity limit. </body></html> The web service writes its own log file, and I can see that small messages are processed fine. Larger messages are not logged at all so I guess that something in Apache rejects them before they even reach the web service? Things I've tried without success: (I've restarted Apache after every change. These steps are incremental.) hosting provider's web-based configuration panel: disable mod_security httpd.conf: LimitXMLRequestBody 0 and LimitRequestBody 0 httpd.conf: LimitXMLRequestBody 100000000 and LimitRequestBody 100000000 httpd.conf: SecRequestBodyLimit 100000000 At this stage, Apache's error.log contains a message: ModSecurity: Request body no files data length is larger than the configured limit (1048576) It looks like my step #4 didn't really take, which is consistent with step #1 but does not explain why mod_security appears to be active after all. What more can I try, to get the web service to receive large messages?

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  • Fully FOSS EMail solution

    - by Ravi
    I am looking at various FOSS options to build a robust EMail solution for a government funded university. Commercial options are to be chosen only in the worst case scenario. Here are the requirements: Approx 1000-1500 users - Postfix or Exim? (Sendmail is out;-)) Mailing lists for different groups/Need web based archive - Mailman? Sympa? Centralised identity store - OpenLDAP? Fedora 389DS? Secure IMAP only - no POP3 required - Courier? Dovecot? Cyrus?? Anti Spam - SpamAssasin? what else? Calendaring - ?? webmail - good to have, not mandatory - needs to be very secure...so squirrelmail is out;-)? Other questions: What mailbox storage format to use? where to store? database/file system? Simple and effective HA options? Is there a web proxy equivalent to squid in the mail server world? software load balancers?CARP? Monitoring and alert? Backup? The govt wants to stimulate the local economy by buying hardware locally from whitebox vendors. Also local consultants and university students will do the integration. We looked at out-of-the-box integrated solutions like Axigen, Zimbra and GMail but each was ruled out in favour of a DIY approach in the hopes of full control over the data and avoiding vendor lockin - which i though was a smart thing to do. I wish more provincial governments in the developing world think of these sort of initiatives As for OS - Debian, FreeBSD would be first preference. Commercial OS's need not apply. CentOS as second tier option...

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  • Installing Joomla on Windows Server 2008 with IIS 7.0

    - by Greg Zwaagstra
    Hi, I have been spending the past while trying to install Joomla on a server running Windows Server 2008. I have successfully installed PHP (using Microsoft's web tool for installing PHP with IIS) and MySQL and am now trying to run the browser-based installation. Everything comes up green, I fill in the appropriate information regarding the site name, MySQL information, etc. and no errors are thrown. However, when I get to the step that asks me to remove the installation directory, I am unable to do so as Windows states it is in use by another program (I cannot fathom how this is true). Also, there is no configuration.php file that is created so if I were to manage to delete this folder I have a feeling that there would be problems. I was thinking there was some kind of a permissions issue and have set the permissions for IIS_IUSRS to have read, write, and execute permissions for the entire folder that Joomla resides in but this has not helped. Any help in this matter is greatly appreciated. ;) Greg EDIT: I decided to try and manually install Joomla by manually editing the configuration.php file. This has worked great and now I am certain there is some kind of a permissions issue going on because I am able to do everything that involves the MySQL database (create an article, edit menu items, etc.), but anything that involves making changes to Joomla installation's directory does not work (install plugins, edit configuration settings using the Global Configuration menu within Joomla, etc.) I have granted IIS_IUSRS every permission except Full Control (reading on the Joomla! forums shows that this should be enough for everything to work). This is confusing to me and I am quite stuck on this problem. EDIT 2: The bizarre thing is that in the System Info under Directory Permissions, everything turns up as Writable but then whenever I try to actually use Joomla to, for example, edit the configuration.php file using the interface, it says it is unable to edit the file.

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  • PHP Output buffer flush issue on Apache/Linux

    - by Iiro Vaahtojärvi
    Hi, I'm running into issues with the PHP output buffer flushing on my Linux web server. The output buffer is maintained correctly and all the right data is pushed to it in my code, but the usual flushing mechanisms won't flush it to the browser. I have tried everything posted here: http://php.net/manual/en/function.flush.php but no success so far. I got a small script from php.net to test it: <?php ob_start(); for($i=0;$i<70;$i++) { echo 'printing...<br />'; ob_get_flush(); flush(); usleep(300000); } ?> This should print "printing..." to the browser 70 times, one line every three seconds. This works fine on my other testing environment which is based on Windows (still using apache, XAMPP package), but on my Linux server it doesn't. It waits for the script to finish before giving anything to the browser, basically ignoring the whole flush command. If anyone has experienced this before or knows of anything that could help (be it server configuration or adjustment to code) it would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Postfix spool on ext3 optimiziations in >=linux-2.6.34 days

    - by Luke404
    Given the very specific nature of the subject (we're not talking about mailboxes, just the spool; we're not talking about other filesystems, just ext3; and so on...) and the maturity of the softwares involved (linux kernel, ext3fs, postfix) I'd think there should be a more or less agreed on set of best practices to filesystem related tuning. I'm trying to get a roundup of them: data=journal became the default in recent kernels (somewhere around 2.6.30 IIRC) so we should be ok with that Wietse Venema says atime must be on, but Postfix documentation recommendsnoatime while talking about the Incoming Queue. Does that mean that postfix needs atime on just for some queue directories and will benefit from noatime on the others? can we use noatime if we just don't use ETRN? filesystem can be mounted nodev,noexec,nosuid - no* won't prevent you from setting attributes (postfix uses exec attr) they just won't have any effect (we don't run anything from the spool) the fsync() issue cited by Wietse and/or the chattr -S are probably linked to sync/async options of ext3fs but I do not understand them enough. Mouting the filesystem with async option is equivalent to chattr -R -S the whole fs? Seems like it will increase performance, but will that pose a risk of "loss of mail after a system crash" or is it really "safe on /var/spool/postfix" ? would you tune anything else on postfix-2.6.x to work better on ext3 or do you leave defaults everywhere? is there a "best" linux I/O scheduler for this kind of workload (namely CFQ or deadline?) or that's something that will vary too much based on hardware configuration? would you tune anything else in the filesystem or in the kernel? anything else? References: Postfix Performance here on SF Postfix documentation about the Incoming Queue Wietse Venema in Best file system on [email protected] here Postfix and ext3 on [email protected] here and there

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  • DNS Round-robin, Load Balancing, Load sharing, and failover in 2012

    - by user1089770
    I have been reading many posts on serverfault as well as on other sites regarding all these. What I understand is, Multiple A records(round-robin dns) can be used for both : Load sharing (round-robin, but NOT load-balancing). Many people say that “Load Balancing” but I think there will be no load-balancing because “Balance” means (literally) “compare two(or more) and adjust” (and that is what Real s/w or h/w Load balancers do) but Browsers never do this, instead they randomly select and IP and connect to it. It doesn't have any knowledge about the current load of that server (probably, the IP it picked had the highest load!). Automatic failover (latest browsers only). Yes, I think DNS can be used as a simple failover system (at least in 2012, I dont know when it actually "came in effect"). please refer to : http://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/10927/using-multiple-a-records-for-my-domain-do-web-browsers-ever-try-more-than-one and Browser-based DNS failover using multiple A records and http://www.nber.org/sys-admin/dns-failover.html I would like to make sure my assumptions/findings are right. So let me know please.....

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  • How do I specify the emergency location in CDP?

    - by chrish
    In the LLDP-MED and Cisco Discovery Protocol whitepaper, it compares LLDP-MED and CDP. The part I am interested in is emergency location configuration. In LLDP-MED, I can specify the Emergency Line Indentification Number (ELIN) and that number will be used by some IP Phones (e.g. Aastra) when placing emergency calls. The whitepaper states: Location Identification Discovery This capability is important because it normally provides location information from the switch to the phone. (If the phone is configured with location information or can determine its location, then it may send this information to the switch. However, the real value is getting this information from the switch to the phone for phones that cannot determine their own location.) Location identification discovery allows the phone to be aware of its location-information that can be used for location-based applications on the phone. More importantly, this capability can be used to provide location information when making emergency calls. Both Cisco Discovery Protocol and LLDP-MED support the transportation of location information. However, LLDP-MED has more supported data formats than Cisco Discovery Protocol. I have found the documentation on how to set the location and associate the location to the interfaces for LLDP-MED. How is this done for CDP? Is ELIN supported for CDP?

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  • OpenVPN IPV6 Tunnel Radvd

    - by Arenstar
    Hello.. I have an interesting question regarding ipv6 + openvpn.. My Version is OpenVPN 2.1.1 i have been given a native /64 ipv6 network ( for this example 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 ) The plan was/is, route this block through openvpn and into an office ( for testing purposes ) Soo to explain.. I have a Centos Box as the first linux "router" in a datacenter & a Ubuntu box as the second linux "router" in the office I have created a simple point-to-point tunnel using tun ( based off ipv4 address to start the tunnel ) I have assigned to Centos /sbin/ip addr add fed1::1/128 dev eth0 /sbin/ip addr add fed2::2/128 dev tun0 /sbin/ip route add 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 dev tun0 ## ipv6 Block down the tunnel /sbin/ip route add ::/0 dev eth0 ## Default out to Gateway I have assigned to Ubuntu /sbin/ip addr add fed1::3/128 dev tun0 /sbin/ip addr add fed1::4/128 dev eth0 /sbin/ip route add 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 dev eth0 ## ipv6 Block down to eth0 /sbin/ip route add ::/0 dev tun0 ## Default up the tunnel I have also included on both servers.. sysctl -w net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1 Looks Good... right??? Wrong.. :( I am not able to ping fed1::1 from fed1::4 (Ubuntu) (can ping :4,:3,:2) However, i can ping fed1::1 fed1::2 from :3 ?????? ( very strange ) I am able to access the internet from any ipv6 interface on the Centos Box but clearly not from the Ubuntu box.. Further, i will eventually run radvd on the Ubuntu box eth0, and autoconf the network with ipv6 address's Anyone with some advice / tips to help me out.. ??? Cheers

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  • Google Chrome warning that Javascript is disabled

    - by kirchoffs415
    I hope somebody can help. I keep getting the following message when I log on: Your Javascript is disabled. Limited functionality is available. It will stay for maybe a day sometimes two. I have uninstalled javascript and reinstalled but still the same. I am using chrome. Any help would be grateful many thanks Dominic My system spec is as follows System InformationOS Name Microsoft® Windows Vista™ Home Premium Version 6.0.6002 Service Pack 2 Build 6002 Other OS Description Not Available OS Manufacturer Microsoft Corporation System Name DOM-PC System Manufacturer Dell Inc. System Model Inspiron 1545 System Type X86-based PC Processor Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU T4200 @ 2.00GHz, 2000 Mhz, 2 Core(s), 2 Logical Processor(s) BIOS Version/Date Dell Inc. A05, 25/02/2009 SMBIOS Version 2.4 Windows Directory C:\Windows System Directory C:\Windows\system32 Boot Device \Device\HarddiskVolume3 Locale United Kingdom Hardware Abstraction Layer Version = "6.0.6002.18005" User Name DOM-PC\DOM Time Zone GMT Standard Time Installed Physical Memory (RAM) 3.00 GB Total Physical Memory 2.96 GB Available Physical Memory 1.38 GB Total Virtual Memory 5.89 GB Available Virtual Memory 4.25 GB Page File Space 3.00 GB Page File C:\pagefile.sys My System Specs

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  • Using OSX home directories from linux

    - by Steffen
    I'm running an OSX (Snow Leopard) Server with OpenDirectory, which is nothing else than a modified OpenLDAP with some Apple-specific schemas. However, I want to reuse this directory on some of my Linux (Debian Squeeze) boxes. It's no problem to authenticate against OSXs LDAP Server, this works fine already. What I struggle with is the way the home folders are specified in OSX. If I query the passwd config on one of my linux machines, the OSX imported entries are looking like this myaccount:x:1034:1026:Firstname Lastname:/Network/Servers/hostname.example.com/Volumes/MyShare/Users/myaccount:/bin/bash While those network home folders might be fine for OSX-Clients, I don't want those server based paths on my linux machines. I saw that there is an NFSHomeDirectory Attribute in the OSX User inspector, but if I change this the whole user home path gets changed. Since my users should be able to login on both systems, OSX and Linux, this is not what I want. Does anyone have an idea how I must configure OSX to make my linux machines use home folders like /net/myaccount and leave the configuration for OSX clients untouched?

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  • Visual Studio 2010 Beta 2, built-in font smoothing

    - by L. Shaydariv
    I've just installed Visual Studio 2010 Beta 2 onto my Windows XP to evaluate it and check whether it meets my preferences the way it did before. Okay, I've temporary defeated an urgent bug with a strange workaround (I could not open any file from the Solution Explorer), and it left bad memories to me. But however, it's okay. The first thing I've seen just opening the code editor was ClearType font rendering. Wow, so unexpectedly. I must note that I do not use standard Windows rendering techniques, but I still prefer GDI++, a font renderer developed by Japanese developers. (GDI++ allows to render the fonts in Mac/Win-Safari style over entire Windows.) Personally for me, GDI++ reaches the great font-rendering results allowing me to use the Dejavu Sans Mono font with really nice smoothing in Visual Studio 2008 (VS 2005 too, though VS 2005 crashes in this case). But GDI++ cannot affect Visual Studio 2010 Beta 2 text editor - it uses ClearType (right?), and it does not care about the system font smoothing settings. It could be an editor based on WPF, right? So as far as I can see, I can't use GDI++ anymore because it uses Windows GDI(+) but no WPF? So I've got several questions: Is it possible to disable VS 2010 b2 built-in ClearType or override it with another font smoother? Is it possible to install a Safari-like font renderer for Visual Studio 2010 [betas]? Thanks a lot.

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