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• Ubuntu installation accuses false RAID

  - by rOim

  I'm trying to install a Ubuntu 12.04/Win7 dual boot on my machine (with 2 750GB HDs). Problem is, during the partitioning, the installation says I'm using RAID, and shows only one HD, with 1.5TB. I have, however, disabled raid on the setup, and installed Windows 7 only on HD 1, and want to keep Ubuntu to HD 2. I'm afraid to "resize" the partitions using the installer since that could mess my win7 installation. I did try to use the alternate installer, but had the same results.

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• Can I create a hybrid software-RAID array with disks of different sizes?

  - by stueng

  Products such as Synology offer something called Synology Hybrid RAID http://www.synology.com/us/products/features/RAID.php This RAID type allows you to make best use of your disks available by using all the disk space available as long as at least two disks share the same increased size where a typical RAID setup would simply "throw away" the extra space I would like to build a NAS with 4 disks available. I will begin by populating it with 3 X 3TB to give me 6TB usable. By the time I have filled this 6TB I imagine that 4TB disks will have come down in price, so at this stage I would add a 4th 4TB disk to give me an additional 3TB of space. When I next run out of space I will change one of the original 3TB disks with a 4TB disk giving me an additional 1TB of space. This is not possible with a typical RAID configuration, only with these "hybrid RAID" types I am wondering if I can acheive a similar "hybrid RAID" with Ubuntu? or another linux distro?

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• Not enough components to start the RAID array?

  - by urig

  I'm trying to retrieve data from a "Western Digital MyBook World Edition (white light)" NAS device. This is basically an embedded Linux box with a 1TB HDD in it formatted in ext3. It stopped booting one day for no apparent reason. I have extracted the HDD from the NAS device and installed it in a desktop machine running Ubuntu 10.10 in the hope of accessing the files on the drive. Unfortunately, Ubuntu has not been able to mount the drive automatically. Having started up Disk Utility I see the drive as a multi disk device called "Array (Array)" showing Metadata Version 0.90.0. The device state is: "Not Running, not enough components to start". When I click the "Start RAID Array" button I get an error saying: "Not enough components to start the RAID array". Can you please tell me which components are missing and how to install them to get access to the drive's filesystem?

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• Well supported Hardware Raid Controller

  - by ftiaronsem

  I am currently planning to buy a hardware-raid controller. This became necessary since I am running Linux and Windows in parallel and now need the redundancy for both OS (Im am going to use RAID1 / Mirroring). Therefore I am searching for a hardware raid controller which is well supported by linux / ubuntu (reporting smart values, stats for the harddrives, etc...). This controller should have four sata ports and if possible it should fit in a PCIE-1x Slot. I would greatly appreciate, if you could suggest some devices. Thanks in advance

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• Ubuntu 14.04 install on hardware with RAID

  - by nolak

  I've just built a new machine using an ASUS Mobo with 8GB of RAM and set up RAID 10 with 4 new HDD. I want to install Ubuntu 14.04 on it and so far have tried to do so 3 times with no luck. The installation seems to work fine but after it has finished it restarts and all I get is a black screen. Is there something I am missing? I've completed the install on other machines before without issue I just never tried it on a machine with RAID set up.

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• Red Hat 5.3 on HP Proliant DL380 G5 and failed drive on RAID controller

  - by thinkdreams

  I have a development ERP server here in my office that I assist with support on, and originally the DBA requested a single drive setup for some of the drives on the server. Thus the hardware RAID controller (an HP embedded controller) looks like: c0d0 (2 drive) RAID-1 c0d1 (2 drive) RAID-1 c0d2 (1 drive) No RAID <-- Failed c0d3 (1 drive) No RAID c0d4 (1 drive) No RAID c0d5 (1 drive) No RAID c0d2 has failed. I replaced the drive immediately with a spare using the hot-swap, but the c0d2 continues to mark itself as failed, even when I umount the partition. I'm loathe to reboot the server since I'm concerned about the server coming back up in rescue mode but I'm afraid that's the only way to get the system to re-read the drive. I assumed there was some sort of auto-detection routine for this, but I haven't been able to figure out the proper procedure. I have installed the HP ACU CLI utilties, so I can see the hardware RAID setup. I'd really like to find out what the proper procedure should have been, where I went wrong, and how to correct it now. Obviously this goes without saying I should NOT have listened to the DBA and set the drives up as RAID-1 throughout as was my first instinct. He wasn't worried about data loss, but it sure would have been easier to replace the failed drive. :)

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• software to manage applications within business.

  - by Richard Friend

  Hi I have been tasked to either find an off the shelf solution or to build inhouse some software that can maintain a list of all of the applications within our business, assign them to the different business areas that use them and list all the servers, documents, knowledge base etc that relate to the app in question. Does anyone know of any existing software that can do this ? Regards

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• What software development model I should use to developing software?

  - by Atom Skaa ska Hic

  I have my 3 friends and we want to develop some software. I want to know which model we should use, and which software we should use for collaboration. Thank you,

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• What are some “must have” Ubuntu programs? [closed]

  - by Benjamin

  What essential software do you have on a Ubuntu Desktop machine? One per answer please, and if you can, provide the official site link if they have it. Before adding an another answer, please search for it first and upvote the existing answer rather than adding it again. To search, use the search box in the upper-right corner. To search the answers of the current question, use inquestion:this. For example: inquestion:this "7-zip" P.S Inspired by this question. I think the question was very useful for Windows users. I don't mind if the moderators change this question to community wiki.

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• Analysing Group & Individual Member Performance -RUP

  - by user23871

  I am writing a report which requires the analysis of performance of each individual team member. This is for a software development project developed using the Unified Process (UP). I was just wondering if there are any existing group & individual appraisal metrics used so I don't have to reinvent the wheel... EDIT This is by no means correct but something like: Individual Contribution (IC) = time spent (individual) / time spent (total) = Performance = ? (should use individual contribution (IC) combined with something to gain a measure of overall performance).... Maybe I am talking complete hash and I know generally its really difficult to analyse performance with numbers but any mathematicians out there that can lend a hand or know a somewhat more accurate method of analysing performance than arbitrary marking (e.g. 8 out 10)

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• How do I explain the importance of NUNIT Test cases to my Colleagues [duplicate]

  - by JNL

  This question already has an answer here: How to explain the value of unit testing 6 answers I am currently working in Software Development for applications including lot of Mathematical Calculations. As a result there are lot of test cases that we need to consider. We donot have any NUNIT Test case system, I am wonderring how should I get the advantages of implementing the NUNIT testing in front of my colleagues and my boss. I am pretty sure, it would be of great help for our team. Any help regarding the same, will be higly appreciated.

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• What effect does RAID stripe size have on read-ahead settings?

  - by stbrody

  I'm trying to figure out the correct read-ahead values to set on a RAID10 array, and I'm wondering if the RAID stripe size should factor into my considerations. I've heard conflicting information about this in the past. I once heard that you should always set your read-ahead value to a multiple of the RAID stripe size, and never below the stripe size, because that is the minimum amount of data the RAID controller will ever try to read at once. Someone else told me, however, that setting read-ahead below the stripe size is fine, and can, in fact, increase the amount of parallel reads you can do across devices in the array, increasing performance and decreasing load on the array. So which is it? Do read-ahead settings that aren't multiples of the stripe size make sense or not?

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• 2 drives, slow software RAID1 (md)

  - by bart613

  Hello, I've got a server from hetzner.de (EQ4) with 2* SAMSUNG HD753LJ drives (750G 32MB cache). OS is CentOS 5 (x86_64). Drives are combined together into two RAID1 partitions: /dev/md0 which is 512MB big and has only /boot partitions /dev/md1 which is over 700GB big and is one big LVM which hosts other partitions Now, I've been running some benchmarks and it seems like even though exactly the same drives, speed differs a bit on each of them. # hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 25612 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12860.70 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 352 MB in 3.01 seconds = 116.80 MB/sec # hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 25524 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12815.99 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 342 MB in 3.01 seconds = 113.64 MB/sec Also, when I run eg. pgbench which is stressing IO quite heavily, I can see following from iostat output: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sdb 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.60 0.00 9692.80 18.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 4.80 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.00 0.00 9688.00 18.31 24.51 49.91 1.81 95.92 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sdb 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 30.19 56.92 2.05 99.04 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sdb 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 28.77 62.15 1.96 99.00 And this is completely getting me confused. How come two exactly the same specced drives have such a difference in write speed (see util%)? I haven't really paid attention to those speeds before, so perhaps that something normal -- if someone could confirm I would be really grateful. Otherwise, if someone have seen such behavior again or knows what is causing such behavior I would really appreciate answer. I'll also add that both "smartctl -a" and "hdparm -I" output are exactly the same and are not indicating any hardware problems. The slower drive was changed already two times (to new ones). Also I asked to change the drives with places, and then sda were slower and sdb quicker (so the slow one was the same drive). SATA cables were changed two times already.

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• Recover Intel Matrix Raid Configuration

  - by Catalin DICU

  Hello, I had 2 HDDs in Intel Matrix Raid configuration on a motherboard with intel ICH9R. I had some RAID 0 partitions and one RAID 1 partition. Somehow when replacing my videocard I partially unpulugged the power connector from one of the HDD. I booted and only one disk was showing. So I turned off the PC and correctly plugged the power connector and how both HDDs are showing as "Non-Raid Disk" Is there a way to restore the raid configuration from before ? In fact I don't really remember how my partitions where configured, I had 2x100Gb + 1x296Gb in RAID 0 and one 50Gb in RAID 1 (using 2x320Gb HDDs) but I'm not sure how many volumes and how the partitions where allocated on the volumes. Is there a tool to find that ? Thanks

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• Linux Software RAID: How to fsck on hard drive?

  - by Rick-Rainer Ludwig

  We have a Linux server running with Software RAID1. We see some issues in /var/log/messages like: unreadable sector. I want to perform a complete fsck on the drive to get some more information, but a fsck /dev/md0 brings a clean due to the Software RAID layer in between. How can I check the real hard drive? Do I need to disassemble the whole RAID? How do I deal with the inconsistency in the partition due to the additional Software RAID header? Does anyone have a good idea for this?

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• Looking for an actual experience of RAID 5 2 drive failure?

  - by Brian

  I'm wondering if anyone has any personal experience of RAID 5 2 drive failure with large drives? As I understand it, the theory is that with large 1-2TB drives, if one drive fails in the raid set, it needs to rebuild everything so is thus hitting all the other drives very hard, and the chance of another failure goes up, especially if the drives were from the same manufacturing batch. And if you lose another drive, you lose all the data. This is usually explained after the statement "RAID is not backup" which I agree with. The theory of this makes sense, and I understand it, but does it really happen?

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• Raid 5 with 4 disks on Debian automatically creates a spare drive

  - by Razer

  I'm trying to to create a RAID 5 with 4x 2TB disks on Debian 6. I followed the instructions from: http://zackreed.me/articles/38-software-raid-5-in-debian-with-mdadm I created the raid with following command: sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --auto=yes --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 After creating the RAID mdadm --detail /dev/md0 shows me: /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Mon Jun 11 18:14:26 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 5860535808 (5589.04 GiB 6001.19 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953511936 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 11 18:14:26 2012 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : rsserver:0 (local to host rsserver) UUID : a68c3c99:1ef865e9:5a8a7bdc:64710ed8 Events : 0 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 3 0 0 3 removed 4 8 65 - spare /dev/sde1 Why is there a spare drive? I didn't create one. I don't want to use a spare drive.

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• How to move a windows machine properly from RAID 1 to raid 10? [migrated]

  - by goober

  Goal I would like to add two more hard drives to my current RAID 1 setup and create a RAID 0 setup on top of the two RAID 1 setups (which I believe is referred to as "RAID 10"). Components Involved Intel P68 Chipset Motherboard 4 SATA ports that can be configured for Raid An intel SSD cache that sits in front of the RAID, and a 64 GB SSD configured in that manner Two 1TB HDDs configured in RAID 1 OS: Windows 7 Professional Resources Consulted so far I found a great resource on LinuxQuestions.org for a good "best practices" process for Linux machines, but I'd like to develop a similar process that I know works on Windows Machines.

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• Linux/OS X dualboot on a Macbook Pro with RAID

  - by GaretJax

  I'd like to install Gentoo Linux on my Macbook Pro by keeping my current OS X installation. I currently have OS X installed on a RAID 0 on two 160GB Intel SSDs and I'd like to create a new partition for Gentoo alongside OS X without losing the RAID setup but, from what I read on the net, Apple's software RAID is poorly (read "not at all") supported: BootCamp refuses to create a windows partition on a RAID volume rEFIt is not able to boot an OS from a software RAID even Apple's recovery partition for Lion can't be created on a RAID volume Is there a way to dual boot my Macbook while keeping the RAID solution?

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• What the best way to recover from when your RAID H/W incorrectly thinks a disk is missing

  - by Software Monkey

  I have a Windows 7 system with an MSI motherboard (running the latest AMD BIOS) and two of my four disks (not the system boot disk) configured via the Mobo as RAID-1. After a normal system restart today, the RAID BIOS reports that one of the two drives has been disconnected or has failed. It's not really failed; via recovery tools I can verify that if I take the BIOS out of RAID mode. But I can find no way to re-add the second hard disk to the array and rebuild via the BIOS - the only option seems be to delete the array and recreate it, but I've done that once before and it blows away the disk. It's done this once before, however on a subsequent reboot after double-checking the drive cabling (but not changing anything) and it boot up fine. So I think the mobo RAID is a little bit flaky. At this point I would like to remove the RAID drivers, change to AHCI mode and switch over to using a Windows 7 dynamic mirror disk. But the RAID drivers seem somehow deeply bound into the Windows startup - I can't find anything like the good ol' safe-mode in Windows 7. If I boot from the Win 7 install disk in ACHI mode I can use recovery tools to log in to the Windows 7 installation, so the boot drive it seems fine with ACHI mode. Additionally, I can see all my other disks, run chkdsk on them and they seem to be fine. If I try to boot from the HDD in AHCI mode, it just reboots part way through, presumably because the RAID drivers load and conflict with the BIOS being set to AHCI. So: How do I strip the RAID drivers from my Win 7 installation? If I delete the RAID logical disk, will it really delete partitioning information, or is that just a poorly worded message when it says the data on the disk will be deleted? If I disconnect the 2 disks in a RAID array, then delete the logical disk array, and then reconnect and reboot still in RAID mode, will the disks simply revert to RAID single-disks like my other 2 and then maybe I can leave windows with RAID drivers by operate the disks as singles with 2 of them in a Windows dynamic disk mirrored setup? Does Windows 7 have anything like the Windows XP Repair Install, where it will reinstall the O/S binaries from CD, but leave apps and setup alone. I am really hoping I don't have to do a complete reinstall of Windows 7 - the last one, when I upgraded from XP, took me two days to get everything set up and installed.

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• RAID controller dropping the wrong drive

  - by bramp

  I've been having an issue with 3ware 9500S-8 RAID 10, and I have contracted their tech support, but I wanted to hear the serverfault community's recommendations. Firstly, all my data is backuped and secure, so I don't mind blowing my RAID away if I have to. But let me describe the problem I've been seeing. A month ago, disk 6 dropped out of the RAID. It is mirrored with disk 7, so I wasn't that bothered. I went to the data centre and replaced it. When I got back to the office, I noticed that disk 6 will still not in the RAID, and in fact the controller was show the name of the old drive still. A week later I went back and replace the drive again, thinking I might have swapped in a bad drive. Still the same problem. I decided to reboot the machine, to see if that would "force" the controller into seeing the new drive. It did, and a rebuild started to happen (from disk 7). Eventually both drives were showing as good. A week later, the MySQL database has flagged the database is corrupt, and is unable to repair it. I don't know what has gone wrong, but I suspected this 6-7 pair. At this point I noticed that the RAID had constantly been verifying itself, over and over. Regardless of this I began to rebuild the database, which took about 19 hours. It's a big database. Near the end of the repair, the RAID controller told me it had dropped disk 7, and that some data was most likely corrupted. I contacted LSI tech support, and they very promptly started to help me. I mentioned that drive 7 had been dropped. They suspect that drive 7 was always at fault, and drive 6 had always been good. I want to know how often a RAID controller would drop the wrong drive (in this case dropping drive 6 a month ago, instead of 7). I foolishly didn't run smartctl on the drives before I started swapping them out. I just assumed the RAID controller knew what it was talking about. I think my plan of action is to replace drive 7, rebuild the array from scratch, double check smartctl on ALL the disks, and then start restoring my data again. I would appreciate anyone's input on what the correct procedure for swapping drives is, and how often failures like this happen. If anyone would like more information then I'd be happy to provide it. thanks in advance. Oh some more information. I'm running CentOS 5.3, with two RAID arrays, a simple RAID 1 for the OS, and RAID 10 for the database. Both arrays are on different controllers. The RAID 10 is made of 10 identical ST3640323AS drives, until I swapped in a SAMSUNG HD103SJ last month.

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• Linux software raid robustness

  - by Waxhead

  I have a 4 disk 5TB raid5 setup where a disk is showing signs of going down the drain. It is reporting media errors and from dmesg I can see that several read errors are corrected. smartctl does report "notifications" but no panic so far. Since new disks are rather expensive at the moment I am starting to pondering exactly how robust the linux md layer is. I would appreciate if someone could shed some light on how md actually deals with disk errors. For example how does md deal with write and read errors - what does it (really) take for disk to be rejected from an array. I also read that recently md got support for mapping out bad blocks. Does this mean that the read errors I've had would have been mapped out if I where running kernel 3.1 or would md still try to "work on them" to make them usable.

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• mdadm software RAID doesn't load at boot

  - by martinald

  Hi there, I'm using mdadm to create a raid1 mirror across two disks. I can create my /dev/md5 array perfectly using the tools, but it does not automatically reload my /dev/md5 when I restart, I need to manually recreate the array. Am I missing something obvious here?

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• Expanding RAID-5

  - by Garry

  I'm new to RAID and trying to get my head around things. I have owned a Drobo in the past (which I liked) but it failed. Here's a hypothetical scenario: Assume I set up a RAID-5 array consisting of four 1TB hot-swappable 2.5" SATA drives. I name this volume 'My Data'. By my calculations, that would give me 2.7TB of usable space and the ability to recover if a single drive fails. I have a few questions: What happens if I pull out a single 1TB drive and replace it with a 2TB drive? Would the array automatically rebuild itself with no issues? Would the maximum capacity remain 2.7TB? If number (1) above is true and the array rebuilds itself with three 1TB drives one 2TB drive what would happen if I then pulled another 1TB drive out and stuck in a 2TB drive (you can see where I'm going here can't you). Would I eventually be able to gain more storage by gradually adding bigger drives? From a practical point of view, how much input is required from me as the end user whilst these drives are being pulled out and put in? On the Drobo, the storage space just automagically handles itself. Would I have to be actively involved in telling Ubuntu what was going on or would any of it be automated? Thanks in advance,

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• howto plan RAID for ESX

  - by maruti

  eight 300GB SAS drives are available. Can ESX be put on one disk as RAID-0 and others as RAID-5 ? so that in the event of disk failure data (VMs) are safe. if os disk RAID-0 fails could that be installed on replacement disk and still be able to keep VMs running? if not RAID-1 for OS is only option for OS disk? please suggest any other RAID options.

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