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• No Telnet login prompt when used over SSH tunnel

  - by SCO

  Hi there ! I have a device, let's call it d1, runnning a lightweight Linux. This device is NATed by my internet box/router, hence not reachable from the Internet. That device runs a telnet daemon on it, and only has root as user (no pwd). Its ip address is 192.168.0.126 on the private network. From the private network (let's say 192.168.0.x), I can do: telnet 192.168.0.126 Where 192.168.0.126 is the IP address in the private network. This works correctly. However, to allow administration, I'd need to access that device from outside of that private network. Hence, I created an SSH tunnel like this on d1 : ssh -R 4455:localhost:23 ussh@s1 s1 is a server somewhere in the private network (but this is for testing purposes only, it will endup somewhere in the Internet), running a standard Linux distro and on which I created a user called 'ussh'. s1 IP address is 192.168.0.48. When I 'telnet' with the following, let's say from c1, 192.168.0.19 : telnet -l root s1 4455 I get : Trying 192.168.0.48... Connected to 192.168.0.48. Escape character is '^]'. Connection closed by foreign host . The connection is closed after roughly 30 seconds, and I didn't log. I tried without the -l switch, without any success. I tried to 'telnet' with IP addresses instead of names to avoid reverse DNS issues (although I added to d1 /etc/hosts a line refering to s1 IP/name, just in case), no success. I tried on another port than 4455, no success. I gathered Wireshark logs from s1. I can see : s1 sends SSH data to c1, c1 ACK s1 performs an AAAA DNS request for c1, gets only the Authoritave nameservers. s1 performs an A DNS request, then gets c1's IP address s1 sends a SYN packet to c1, c1 replies with a RST/ACK s1 sends a SYN to c1, C1 RST/ACK (?) After 0.8 seconds, c1 sends a SYN to s1, s1 SYN/ACK and then c1 ACK s1 sends SSH content to d1, d1 sends an ACK back to s1 s1 retries AAAA and A DNS requests After 5 seconds, s1 retries a SYN to c1, once again it is RST/ACKed by c1. This is repeated 3 more times. The last five packets : d1 sends SSH content to s1, s1 sends ACK and FIN/ACK to c1, c1 replies with FIN/ACK, s1 sends ACK to c1. The connection seems to be closed by the telnet daemon after 22 seconds. AFAIK, there is no way to decode the SSH stream, so I'm really stuck here ... Any ideas ? Thank you !

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• Write STDOUT & STDERR to a logfile, also write STDERR to screen

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I would like to run several commands, and capture all output to a logfile. I also want to print any errors to the screen (or optionally mail the output to someone). Here's an example. The following command will run three commands, and will write all output (STDOUT and STDERR) into a single logfile. { command1 && command2 && command3 ; } > logfile.log 2>&1 Here is what I want to do with the output of these commands: STDERR and STDOUT for all commands goes to a logfile, in case I need it later--- I usually won't look in here unless there are problems. Print STDERR to the screen (or optionally, pipe to /bin/mail), so that any error stands out and doesn't get ignored. It would be nice if the return codes were still usable, so that I could do some error handling. Maybe I want to send email if there was an error, like this: { command1 && command2 && command3 ; } logfile.log 2&1 || mailx -s "There was an error" [email protected] The problem I run into is that STDERR loses context during I/O redirection. A '2&1' will convert STDERR into STDOUT, and therefore I cannot view errors if I do 2 error.log Here are a couple juicier examples. Let's pretend that I am running some familiar build commands, but I don't want the entire build to stop just because of one error so I use the '--keep-going' flag. { ./configure && make --keep-going && make install ; } > build.log 2>&1 Or, here's a simple (And perhaps sloppy) build and deploy script, which will keep going in the event of an error. { ./configure && make --keep-going && make install && rsync -av --keep-going /foo devhost:/foo} > build-and-deploy.log 2>&1 I think what I want involves some sort of Bash I/O Redirection, but I can't figure this out.

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• apcupsd on Linux does not report on APC BackUPS Pro 900

  - by lserni

  From what documentation I could find, the UPS should be (is!) supported by Linux and ought to work with apcupsd. I looked for specific problems such as the infamous Microlink protocol, and found none. I have found a feedback from a guy in UK that reports using this very model on a not-too-different OS version (his OpenSuSE 12.1, mine 12.3 x86_64). The USB port is detected, lsusb reports Bus 002 Device 003: ID 051d:0002 American Power Conversion Uninterruptible Power Supply and lsusb -v -s002:003 confirms and expands: Bus 002 Device 003: ID 051d:0002 American Power Conversion Uninterruptible Power Supply Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x051d American Power Conversion idProduct 0x0002 Uninterruptible Power Supply bcdDevice 0.90 iManufacturer 1 American Power Conversion iProduct 2 Back-UPS RS 900G FW:879.L4 .I USB FW:L4 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: [...] Interface Descriptor: [...] bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 0 No Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 0 None iInterface 0 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.00 bCountryCode 33 US bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 1134 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0008 1x 8 bytes bInterval 100 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) The kernel recognizes this and duly sets up crw------- 1 root root 180, 96 Nov 4 16:11 /dev/usb/hiddev0 As far as I know, everything is as it should be. I have put the standard configuration in /etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf (which is Unix-terminated, ASCII-only, no BOM (just in case)) UPSCABLE usb UPSTYPE usb DEVICE (I have also tried commenting out DEVICE, and setting a device of /dev/puppa results in an access attempt to /dev/puppa, not some /var/lib/dev/puppa or /dev/puppa\r\n). Yet, what apcaccess tells me is VERSION : 3.14.10 (13 September 2011) suse CABLE : USB Cable DRIVER : USB UPS Driver UPSMODE : Stand Alone STARTTIME: 2013-11-04 16:24:22 +0100 MODEL : STATUS : NOBATT LINEV : 000.0 Volts LOADPCT : 0.0 Percent Load Capacity BCHARGE : 000.0 Percent TIMELEFT : 0.0 Minutes MBATTCHG : 5 Percent MINTIMEL : 3 Minutes MAXTIME : 0 Seconds SENSE : Low LOTRANS : 000.0 Volts HITRANS : 000.0 Volts It doesn't recognize the model, and reports no battery (and no voltage). This confirms that it's not the Microlink problem, or it would report the battery status, if precious little else. If I disconnect the USB cable, I get an apcupsd message to the effect that communications have been lost; and I get the "communication restored" broadcast too, if I reconnect the cable. apcupsd is monitoring. So everything tells me that it should work -- only it doesn't. Does anyone spot what I'm missing?

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• Why apcupsd won't see the UPS connected to the USB posrt on FreeBSD 8.0 amd64

  - by Max Kosyakov

  Hello, Recently I installed an apcusbd on a FreeBSD 8.0 amd64 box via ports system. It installed perfectly but it won't run. Here what is says in the log: FATAL ERROR in generic-usb.c at line 636 Cannot find UPS device It appeared that HID driver picked the /dev/ugen4.2 which could cause the apcusb being unable to find the device. After I had discovered this, I rebuilt the kernel and removed the hid driver. Now it just shows "ugen4.2: <Tripp Lite> at usbus4" and no uhid0 device appears. Nevertheless the problem persisted. I tried to leave the DEVICE config setting blank --- won't help. Then I specified the particular device in the config, but it did not help either. Below you is the output of several commands that can provide some useful information on my case. server# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/apcupsd start Starting apcupsd. server# tail /var/log/messages | grep apcupsd Jun 17 22:30:00 server apcupsd[1520]: apcupsd FATAL ERROR in generic-usb.c at line 636 Cannot find UPS device -- For a link to detailed USB trouble shooting information, please see . Jun 17 22:30:00 server apcupsd[1520]: apcupsd error shutdown completed server# cat /usr/local/etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf ## apcupsd.conf v1.1 ## UPSCABLE usb UPSTYPE usb DEVICE /dev/ugen4.2 LOCKFILE /var/lock UPSCLASS standalone UPSMODE disable server# dmesg | grep '^u' uhci0: port 0xa800-0xa81f irq 16 at device 26.0 on pci0 uhci0: [ITHREAD] uhci0: LegSup = 0x0f00 usbus0: on uhci0 uhci1: port 0xa880-0xa89f irq 21 at device 26.1 on pci0 uhci1: [ITHREAD] uhci1: LegSup = 0x0f00 usbus1: on uhci1 uhci2: port 0xac00-0xac1f irq 18 at device 26.2 on pci0 uhci2: [ITHREAD] uhci2: LegSup = 0x0f00 usbus2: on uhci2 usbus3: EHCI version 1.0 usbus3: on ehci0 uhci3: port 0xa080-0xa09f irq 23 at device 29.0 on pci0 uhci3: [ITHREAD] uhci3: LegSup = 0x0f00 usbus4: on uhci3 uhci4: port 0xa400-0xa41f irq 19 at device 29.1 on pci0 uhci4: [ITHREAD] uhci4: LegSup = 0x0f00 usbus5: on uhci4 uhci5: port 0xa480-0xa49f irq 18 at device 29.2 on pci0 uhci5: [ITHREAD] uhci5: LegSup = 0x0f00 usbus6: on uhci5 usbus7: EHCI version 1.0 usbus7: on ehci1 uart0: port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0 uart0: [FILTER] usbus0: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0 usbus1: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0 usbus2: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0 usbus3: 480Mbps High Speed USB v2.0 usbus4: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0 usbus5: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0 usbus6: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0 usbus7: 480Mbps High Speed USB v2.0 ugen0.1: at usbus0 uhub0: on usbus0 ugen1.1: at usbus1 uhub1: on usbus1 ugen2.1: at usbus2 uhub2: on usbus2 ugen3.1: at usbus3 uhub3: on usbus3 ugen4.1: at usbus4 uhub4: on usbus4 ugen5.1: at usbus5 uhub5: on usbus5 ugen6.1: at usbus6 uhub6: on usbus6 ugen7.1: at usbus7 uhub7: on usbus7 uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered uhub4: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered uhub5: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered uhub6: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered uhub3: 6 ports with 6 removable, self powered uhub7: 6 ports with 6 removable, self powered ugen4.2: at usbus4 server#

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• How to know the source of certain TCP traffic on AIX

  - by A.Rashad

  We have two AIX boxes, one for production system and another for testing. both systems are running ATM machine switches, where the ATM device is connected via TCP socket. we had an issue on production system where the machine would power off or get disconnected but the netstat -na | grep <IP of machine > would still mention that the socket is up when simulated that case on the UAT environment, the problem did not happen, where the socket would terminate in 3 to 5 minutes. when sniffed on the traffic between the machine and ATM we found that no traffic takes place on production while there is some sort of heartbeat on UAT. but it is not initiated by the application. $>tcpdump | grep -v "10.2.2.71" | grep -v "HSRP" | grep "10.3.1.30" tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on en6, link-type 1, capture size 96 bytes 09:08:13.323421 IP server073.afs3-callback > 10.3.1.30.impera: . 278204201:278204202(1) ack 3307884029 win 164 09:08:13.335334 IP 10.3.1.30.impera > server073.afs3-callback: . ack 1 win 64180 09:08:23.425771 IP 10.3.1.30.impera > server073.afs3-callback: . 1:2(1) ack 1 win 64180 09:08:23.425789 IP server073.afs3-callback > 10.3.1.30.impera: . ack 2 win 65535 09:09:13.628985 IP server073.afs3-callback > 10.3.1.30.impera: . 0:1(1) ack 1 win 164 09:09:13.633900 IP 10.3.1.30.impera > server073.afs3-callback: . ack 1 win 64180 09:09:23.373634 IP 10.3.1.30.impera > server073.afs3-callback: . 1:2(1) ack 1 win 64180 09:09:23.373647 IP server073.afs3-callback > 10.3.1.30.impera: . ack 2 win 65535 while on production, that traffic is not there. we want to know where this traffic is initiated from to implement on production to sense disconnection our comms parameters are: tcp_keepcnt = 2 tcp_keepidle = 100 tcp_keepinit = 150 tcp_keepintvl = 150 tcp_finwait2 = 1200 can anyone help?

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• Specifying prerequisites for Puppet custom facts?

  - by larsks

  I have written a custom Puppet fact that requires the biosdevname tool to be installed. I'm not sure how to set things up correctly such that this tool will be installed before facter tries to instantiate the custom fact. Facts are loaded early on in the process, so I can't simply put a package { biosdevname: ensure => installed } in the manifest, since by the time Puppet gets this far the custom fact has already failed. I was curious if I could resolve this through Puppet's run stages. I tried: stage { pre: before => Stage[main] } class { biosdevname: stage => pre } And: class biosdevname { package { biosdevname: ensure => installed } } But this doesn't work...Puppet loads facts before entering the pre stage: info: Loading facts in physical_network_config ./physical_network_config.rb:33: command not found: biosdevname -i eth0 info: Applying configuration version '1320248045' notice: /Stage[pre]/Biosdevname/Package[biosdevname]/ensure: created Etc. Is there any way to make this work? EDIT: I should make it clear that I understand, given a suitable package declaration, that the fact will run correctly on subsequent runs. The difficulty here is that this is part of our initial configuration process. We're running Puppet out of kickstart and want the network configuration to be in place before the first reboot. It sounds like the only workable solution is to simply run Puppet twice during the initial system configuration, which will ensure that the necessary packages are in place. Also, for Zoredache: # This produces a fact called physical_network_config that describes # the number of NICs available on the motherboard, on PCI bus 1, and on # PCI bus 2. The fact value is of the form <x>-<y>-<z>, where <x> # is the number of embedded interfaces, <y> is the number of interfaces # on PCI bus 1, and <z> is the number of interfaces on PCI bus 2. em = 0 pci1 = 0 pci2 = 0 Dir['/sys/class/net/*'].each { |file| devname=File.basename(file) biosname=%x[biosdevname -i #{devname}] case when biosname.match('^pci1') pci1 += 1 when biosname.match('^pci2') pci2 += 1 when biosname.match('^em[0-9]') em += 1 end } Facter.add(:physical_network_config) do setcode do "#{em}-#{pci1}-#{pci2}" end end

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• Apache Alias subfolder and starting with dot

  - by MauricioOtta

  I have a multi purpose server running ArchLinux that currently serves multiple virtual hosts from /var/www/domains/EXAMPLE.COM/html /var/www/domains/EXAMPLE2.COM/html I deploy those websites (mostly using Kohana framework) using a Jenkins job by checking out the project, removes the .git folder and ssh-copy the tar.gz to /var/www/domains/ on the server and untars it. Since I don't want to have to re-install phpMyAdmin after each deploy, I decided to use an alias. I would like the alias to be something like /.tools/phpMyAdmin/ so I could have more "tools" later if I wanted to. I have tried just changing the default httpd-phpmyadmin.conf that was installed by following the official WIKI: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Phpmyadmin Alias /.tools/phpMyAdmin/ "/usr/share/webapps/phpMyAdmin" <Directory "/usr/share/webapps/phpMyAdmin"> AllowOverride All Options FollowSymlinks Order allow,deny Allow from all php_admin_value open_basedir "/var/www/:/tmp/:/usr/share/webapps/:/etc/webapps:/usr/share/pear/" </Directory> Changing only that, doesn't seem to work with my current setup on the server, and apache forwards the request to the framework which 404s (as there's no route to handle /.tools/phpAdmin). I have Mass Virtual hosting enable and setup like this: # # Use name-based virtual hosting. # NameVirtualHost *:8000 # get the server name from the Host: header UseCanonicalName On # splittable logs LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon <Directory /var/www/domains> # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> RewriteEngine On # a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower ## deal with normal documents first: # allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/ # allow CGIs to work RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/ # do the magic RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} ^(www\.|)(.*) RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /var/www/domains/${lowercase:%2}/html/$1 ## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a MIME type RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/ RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /var/www/domains/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [T=application/x-httpd-cgi] There is also nginx running on this server on port 80 as a reverse proxy for Apache: location ~ \.php$ { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000; } Everything else was setup by following the official WIKI so I don't think those would cause trouble. Do I need to have the alias for phpMyAdmin setup along the mass virtual hosting or can it be in a separate include file for that alias to work?

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• Building an SSL server farm

  - by dan

  I'm interested in building the the architecture in the article referenced below. I currently have a modestly-priced layer-4 load balancer and my application servers are the SSL endpoints. I want to put an SSL server farm in between my load balancer and my app servers. Then I will put another inexpensive load balancer between the SSL farm and my app servers, to do layer-7 routing. My web application has a fairly high amount of consumer traffic, that 6 servers can handle at about 50% capacity. Additionally, I have infrastructure traffic that is several orders of magnitude heavier than my consumer traffic. This is data coming in from all over the world that must integrate with my web application in real time. In total I have 18 app servers to handle all the traffic, plus 6 database servers. I will be adding 6 more app servers over the next 2 weeks and another 6 the 2 weeks after that. Conservatively, I estimate I will need to scale to 120 servers by the end of the year. My motivation right now is to separate the consumer traffic from the infrastructure traffic. The consumer traffic is higher priority than the infrastructure traffic and I cannot allow a stampede on the infrastructure side to take down my consumer-facing servers. Having a website that is always up is the top priority. However if there is a failure in one of the consumer app servers, I want to route that traffic to the servers designated for infrastructure traffic. The complication is that all the traffic is addressed using the same hostname and is nearly 100% https. The only way in my case to distinguish infrastructure from consumer traffic is by URL (poor architecture I inherited), so I need a layer 7 load balancer to be able to route. However for that to work I need either a fancy hardware-based SSL terminator or an SSL server farm as described above. Because my user base is rapidly scaling, I worry that if I go down the hardware path it will become very expensive very fast, especially since I will need 4 of everything for high availability (2 identical setups in 2 facilities). Meanwhile, the above diagram seems very flexible and more horizontally scalable. Has anyone built this before? Are there pre-built configurations? What considerations should I make and what software should I use (I've heard of people using apache with mod-ssl, nginx, and stunnel)? Also, when does it make sense to buy an expensive load balancer vs building an SSL server farm? http://1wt.eu/articles/2006_lb/index_05.html

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• Explanation of the init.d/scripts Fedora

  - by Shahmir Javaid

  Below is a copy of vsftpd, i need some explanations of some of the scripts mentioned below in this script: #!/bin/bash # ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: vsftpd # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Short-Description: Very Secure Ftp Daemon # Description: vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from # scratch ### END INIT INFO # vsftpd This shell script takes care of starting and stopping # standalone vsftpd. # # chkconfig: - 60 50 # description: Vsftpd is a ftp daemon, which is the program \ # that answers incoming ftp service requests. # processname: vsftpd # config: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network RETVAL=0 prog="vsftpd" start() { # Start daemons. # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 if [ -d /etc/vsftpd ] ; then CONFS=`ls /etc/vsftpd/*.conf 2>/dev/null` [ -z "$CONFS" ] && exit 6 for i in $CONFS; do site=`basename $i .conf` echo -n $"Starting $prog for $site: " daemon /usr/sbin/vsftpd $i RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog break else if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then RETVAL=0 break fi fi done else RETVAL=1 fi return $RETVAL } stop() { # Stop daemons. echo -n $"Shutting down $prog: " killproc $prog RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog return $RETVAL } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart|reload) stop start RETVAL=$? ;; condrestart|try-restart|force-reload) if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then stop start RETVAL=$? fi ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|try-restart|force-reload|status}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL Question I What the hell is the difference between the && and || signs in the below commands, and is it just an easy way to do a simple if check or is it completely different to a if[..something..]; then ..something.. fi: # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 Question II i get what -eq and -gt is (equal to, greater than) but is there a simple website that explains what -x, -d and -f are? Any help would be apreciated Running Fedora 12 on my OS. Script copied from /etc/init.d/vsftpd Question III It says required starts are $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog but i cant see any where it checks for those.

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• Routing RFC1918 addresses through dd-wrt via a switch

  - by espenfjo

  I am a bit stuck with an experiment of mine. I have a network looking somewhat like this. | Internet | | ---- |Switch| ---- | | Server w/pub IP | DD-WRT router 192.168.1.1 | | RFC1918 clients 192.168.1.0/24 What I want is for the RFC1918 clients to speak directly with each others. On the server with the public IP I have this route: 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 scope link and can see that packets are infact reaching the dd-wrt router for 192.168.1.1, even though if I get no answer. Trying to reach one of the RFC1918 clients from the public IP server will get no result, as the dd-wrt router is not announcing that network on to its external interface (arp who-has 192.168.1.107 tell xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, but no answer). The router being an WLAN dd-wrt router has of course a load of routes, VLANs and interfaces: xxx.xxx.xxx.1 dev vlan2 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.244 84.215.64.0/18 dev vlan2 proto kernel scope link src xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 169.254.0.0/16 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 169.254.255.1 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo scope link 0.0.0.0 via xxx.xxx.xxx.1 dev vlan2 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx being the public IP, and xxx.xxx.xxx.1 being the default route for the public IP. I am not sure where to continue with this. I would recon that I both need routing on the dd-wrt router, as well as some iptables magic? Why do something this complex? Why not ;) Also, do not mind that "Internet" can get RFC1918 traffic, it wont go outside of the walls. EDIT 1: Following the tip from stew I do indeed get the correct ARP flowing. And adding an iptables rule for allowing traffic from that specific public IPd machine I get traffic between the systems! Oddly enough though, the speed I get from Server w/pub IP - RFC1918 clients are the same as if the traffic were routed out onto the Internet and back. Edit 2: Ok, disconnecting the external Internet connection will still give the same, crappy transfer speed. So it has to be something else. Edit 3: Ok, I guess there are other reasons for this crappy speed. Case closed. :)

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• Command-line connect to wired network for Ubuntu

  - by Tim

  I like to know how to use command-line to connect to a wired network in general for Ubuntu 8.10? In my case, I connect a cable to my laptop but it doesn't work with my WICD. So I like to try command-line method. Here is the ifconfig of my network adapters: $ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:c0:9f:8d:23:74 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:19 Base address:0x1800 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:4457 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4457 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:493002 (493.0 KB) TX bytes:493002 (493.0 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0e:9b:ab:56:19 UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS PROMISC ALLMULTI MTU:576 Metric:1 RX packets:1508929 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:768144 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:806027375 (806.0 MB) TX bytes:78834873 (78.8 MB) wlan0:avahi Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0e:9b:ab:56:19 inet addr:169.254.5.92 Bcast:169.254.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS PROMISC ALLMULTI MTU:576 Metric:1 wmaster0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-0E-9B-AB-56-19-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Thanks and regards! UPDATE: Tried what oyvindio suggested. Here is the failing message: $ sudo dhclient3 eth0 There is already a pid file /var/run/dhclient.pid with pid 18279 killed old client process, removed PID file Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.1 Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/ mon0: unknown hardware address type 803 wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 mon0: unknown hardware address type 803 wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 Listening on LPF/eth0/00:c0:9f:8d:23:74 Sending on LPF/eth0/00:c0:9f:8d:23:74 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 5 DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 10 DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 12 DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15 DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 11 DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8 No DHCPOFFERS received. No working leases in persistent database - sleeping.

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• Our VPS is being used as a Warez mule

  - by Mikuso

  The company I work for runs a series of ecommerce stores on a VPS. It's a WAMP stack, 50gb storage. We use an archaic piece of ecommerce software which operates almost entirely client-side. When an order is taken, it writes it to disk and then we schedule a task to download the orders once every 10 minutes. A few days ago, we ran out of disk space, which caused orders to fail to be written. I quickly hopped on to delete some old logs from the mailserver and freed up a couple of GB pretty quickly, but I wondered how we could fill up 50gb will nothing much more than logs. Turns out, we didn't. Hidden deep within the c:\System Volume Information directory, we have a stack of pirated videos, which seem to have appeared (looking at the timestamps) over the past three weeks. Porn, American Sports, Australian cooking shows. A very odd collection. Doesn't look like an individual's personal tastes - more like the VPS is being used as a mule. We have a 5-attempts and you're blocked policy on our FTP server (plus, there is no FTP account with access to that directory), and the windows user account has had it's password changed recently. The main avenues are sealed - and logs can verify that. I thought I'd watch and see if it happened again, and yes, another cooking show has appeared this morning. I am the only one to know of this problem at my company, and only one of two with access to the VPS (the other being my boss, but no - it's not him). So how is this happening? Is there a vulnerability in some of the software on the VPS? Are the VPS owners peddling warez across our rented space? (can they do this?) I don't want to delete the warez in case it is seen as a hostile action against this outside force, and they choose to retaliate. What should I do? How do I troubleshoot this? Has this happened to anyone else before?

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• What's the best way to do user profile/folder redirect/home directory archiving?

  - by tpederson

  My company is in dire need of a redesign around how we handle user account administration. I've been tasked with automating the process. The end goal is to have the whole works triggered by the business, and IT only looking in when there's an error reported. The interim phase is going to be semi-manual. That is a level 2 tech inputs the user's info and supervises the process. The current hurdle I'm facing is user profile archiving. Our security team requires us to archive the profile directories for any terminated user for 60 days in case the legal team requires access to their files. Our AD is as much a mess as everything else, so there are some users with home directories and some with profiles. Anyone who has a profile dir in AD also has a good deal of their profile redirected to our file servers over DFS. In order to complete the process manually you find the user in AD, disable them, find their home/profile dir, go there and take ownership, create an archive folder, move all their files over, then delete the old dir. Some users have many many gigs of nonsense and this can take quite some time. Even automated the process would not be a quick one. I'm thinking that I need to have a client side C# GUI for the quick stuff and some server side batch script or console app to offload this long running process. I have a batch script that works decently using takeown and robocopy, but I wonder if a C# console app would do a better job. So, my question at long last is, what do you think is the best way to handle this? I can't imagine this is a unique problem, how do other admins get this done? The last place I worked was easily 10x larger than the place I'm in now. If we would have been doing this manual crap there, they'd have needed a team of at least 30 full time workers to keep up. I have decent skills in C#.net and batch scripting, but am a quick study and I have used most every language once or twice. Thank you for reading this and I look forward to seeing what imaginative solutions you all can come up with.

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• Pinning based on origin of a reprepro repository.

  - by Shtééf

  I'm on Ubuntu 10.04, and trying to set up a repository using reprepro. I'd also like the pin everything in that repository to be preferred over anything else, even if packages are older versions. (It will only contain a select set of packages.) However, I cannot seem to get the pinning to work, and believe it has something to do with the repository side of things, rather than the apt configuration on the client. I've taken the following steps to set up my repository Installed a web server (my personal choice here is Cherokee), Created the directory /var/www/apt/, Created the file conf/distributions, like so: Origin: Shteef Label: Shteef Suite: lucid Version: 10.04 Codename: lucid Architectures: i386 amd64 source Components: main Description: My personal repository Ran reprepro export from the /var/www/apt/ directory. Now on any other machine, I can add this (empty) repository over HTTP to my /etc/apt/sources.list, and run apt-get update without any errors: Ign http://archive.lan lucid Release.gpg Ign http://archive.lan/apt/ lucid/main Translation-en_US Get:1 http://archive.lan lucid Release [2,244B] Ign http://archive.lan lucid/main Packages Ign http://archive.lan lucid/main Sources Ign http://archive.lan lucid/main Packages Ign http://archive.lan lucid/main Sources Hit http://archive.lan lucid/main Packages Hit http://archive.lan lucid/main Sources In my case, now I want to use an old version of Asterisk, namely Asterisk 1.4. I rebuilt the asterisk-1:1.4.21.2~dfsg-3ubuntu2.1 package from Ubuntu 9.04 (with some small changes to fix dependencies) and uploaded it to my repository. At this point I can see the new package in aptitude, but it naturally prefers the newer Asterisk 1.6 currently in the Ubuntu 10.04 repositories. To try and fix that, I have created /etc/apt/preferences.d/personal like so: Package: * Pin: release o=Shteef Pin-Priority: 1000 But when I try to install the asterisk package, it will still prefer the 1.6 version over my own 1.4 version. This is what apt-cache policy asterisk shows: asterisk: Installed: (none) Candidate: 1:1.6.2.5-0ubuntu1 Version table: 1:1.6.2.5-0ubuntu1 0 500 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/universe Packages 1:1.4.21.2~dfsg-3ubuntu2.1shteef1 0 500 http://archive.lan/apt/ lucid/main Packages Clearly, it is not picking up my pin. In fact, when I run just apt-cache policy, I get the following: Package files: 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status release a=now 500 http://archive.lan/apt/ lucid/main Packages origin archive.lan 500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security/multiverse Packages release v=10.04,o=Ubuntu,a=lucid-security,n=lucid,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse origin security.ubuntu.com [...] Unlike Ubuntu's repository, apt doesn't seem to pick up a release-line at all for my own repository. I'm suspecting this is the cause why I can't pin on release o=Shteef in my preferences file. But I can't find any noticable difference between my repository's Release files and Ubuntu's that would cause this. Is there a step I've missed or mistake I've made in setting up my repository?

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• UAE and the mysteries of unreachable websites

  - by 0plus1

  I write here because I'm really lost, please stay with me because it's not easy to explain. A company asked me to set-up a private server, now I'm a programmer so I got a solution with technical support and cpanel which helped me to setup everything and it's working smoothless. I'm by no means a professional sysadmin, but I have a fair knowledge of server configurations, but this problem is way over my knowledge, and apparently way over the knowledge of most sysadmins, I really hope that here I'll find someone with enough experience to help me or at least give me more insight. Now this company for which I'm consulting operates in the UAE (United Arab Emirates) and from there the server is almost unreachable. It started with ns not registering in the UAE, after a week that sorted itself out and now the site is indeed reachable, but it takes almost 2 minutes to load a webpage with one line of text. Emails go in timeout. The domain currently parked there has been bought appositely for tests, the main one that was supposed to go there, after a catastrophic week has been transferred to a shared hosting solution in the UK, and from there it works like a charme. Now after doing some research I discovered that I'm not alone in this, there are several reports of webmasters discovering that their website is not reachable inside the UAE, and mind this has nothing to do with the state-wide block of questionable sites, because in that case an error message appears, this seems to be related to the infrastructure of the UAE, which apparently reroutes everything through their own "fake" internet. Apparently new servers with their own IP are not recognized (yet?) by the UAE infrastructure, while shared hosting solutions seeing that they operates tons of other websites are more likely to be part of the UAE network. Now my questions are: 1) Has someone a real explanation for this? The only thing I can think of is that the server is on a new IP that is not yet recognized by the UAE, but that doesn't explain why it loads (even if after 2 minutes). I don't have any help from within the UAE as the only people that are "experts" are questionable companies that simply try to sell their own services. 2) If there is really some kind of block of new servers, is it possible to know before if a server is reachable from within the UAE, currently this is not a ns problem as even accessing the server with its IP result in a 2 minute wait. 3) Can it be that the problem lies somewhere else? There are some tests that I can perform? I'm not physically in the UAE, but I can ask the people there, or use teamviewer. Could it be some misconfiguration on the server (mind that the site works EVERYWHERE else in the world). Thank you for ANY kind of help

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• Looking for a NTP Server Software for Windows

  - by Simon

  I'm looking for a, preferably free, NTP Server for Windows Server 2003/2008. We have already tried the built in Windows Time Server, but our tests did show that it is not very accurate, we see time differences up to 500ms. The max time difference we can allow for our application is ~100ms. Now we have already used the Meinberg NTPd for Windows. It works great except we have one big issue with it: If there is a network connection problem between the client and server, the ntp server is in a panic state It won't give the client a new time until we restart the ntp service. This is a big issue which has caused us some trouble. It was working fine for months until there was a network problem we didn't notice, we only noticed it after a week when the time difference was already 30 sec. on the clients. So please suggest some alternative NTP Server for windows. I did Google but I get a lot of unrelated search results. Edit: So far the ntpd windows version was very accurate and I'd like to stick with it. The only problem is the "panic state" after a network disconnect. Maybe some knows here what the cause of this is and how to fix it. Also, I forgot to mention that we have a server/client setup like this: Server1 -- Server2 -- Server3 -- Client1 -- Client2 -- Client3 So Server2 gets its time from Server1, Server3 gets its time from Server2, and the Clients get their time from Server3. Also, there are clients connected directly to Server2. It is important that all Servers and Clients have the exact same time (within ~100ms) Now there was a network problem with Server3 and its clients. The servers run the ntpd port for Windows, which acts as NTP server and client. The clients have Dimension4 as NTP client. After the network problem, the error message in D4 was something like this (out the top of my head, don't have the exact error message): Server response: The server is in a panic state (could not sync clock) I read through the ntpd docs, and the only mention of "panic" is when the time difference is 10000 seconds which will cause to exit the ntpd server but this was not the case. Also there is a "-g" command line switch to disable the panic exit, but it is already set by default. Any ideas what could cause the panic state and how to get rid of it next time?

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• When running a shell script, how can you protect it from overwriting or truncating files?

  - by Joseph Garvin

  If while an application is running one of the shared libraries it uses is written to or truncated, then the application will crash. Moving the file or removing it wholesale with 'rm' will not cause a crash, because the OS (Solaris in this case but I assume this is true on Linux and other *nix as well) is smart enough to not delete the inode associated with the file while any process has it open. I have a shell script that performs installation of shared libraries. Sometimes, it may be used to reinstall versions of shared libraries that were already installed, without an uninstall first. Because applications may be using the already installed shared libraries, it's important the the script is smart enough to rm the files or move them out of the way (e.g. to a 'deleted' folder that cron could empty at a time when we know no applications will be running) before installing the new ones so that they're not overwritten or truncated. Unfortunately, recently an application crashed just after an install. Coincidence? It's difficult to tell. The real solution here is to switch over to a more robust installation method than an old gigantic shell script, but it'd be nice to have some extra protection until the switch is made. Is there any way to wrap a shell script to protect it from overwriting or truncating files (and ideally failing loudly), but still allowing them to be moved or rm'd? Standard UNIX file permissions won't do the trick because you can't distinguish moving/removing from overwriting/truncating. Aliases could work but I'm not sure what entirety of commands need to be aliased. I imagine something like truss/strace except before each action it checks against a filter whether to actually do it. I don't need a perfect solution that would work even against an intentionally malicious script. Ideas I have so far: Alias cp to GNU cp (not the default since I'm on Solaris) and use the --remove-destination option. Alias install to GNU install and use the --backup option. It might be smart enough to move the existing file to the backup file name rather than making a copy, thus preserving the inode. "set noclobber" in ~/.bashrc so that I/O redirection won't overwrite files

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• Possible capacitor plague - need help identifying

  - by cornjuliox

  I've been having some PC power issues lately, and I think I've tracked it down to a bad power supply. Lately, when I'm on my PC it will often restart without warning, displaying "Hypertransport sync flood error occurred last boot." once POST finishes. I've googled the error, but can't come to a definitive conclusion as to what's causing it. I've seen posts suggesting that it might be a power supply issue, but nothing conclusive. Here's what I've done so far: -I haven't installed anything suspect within the last 3 months. -I do overclock just a tiny bit, so I tried raising the voltages a little. That didn't work so I brought both CPU multiplier and voltages all back to their default settings, but that didn't solve the problem either. The problem still occurs. -AV scanned the whole system, nothing suspect. -I suspected that it might be a bad power supply so I cracked that open and found the following: I think it might be cap plague, but I'm not sure. It looks more like glue TBH. Could someone help me figure out what might be wrong with this PC? EDIT: Sometimes, after these restarts, I noticed that the GPU fan doesn't spin up, and the single rear case fan that just happens to be connected to the same molex Y-cable as the GFX card doesn't spin up either. Anything to that? EDIT 2: I do use the system quite heavily, but I don't know how that will factor into this. I often play Diablo 3 and EVE Online at the same time, frequently alt-tabbing between the two. I also have Firefox open in the background, sometimes with several tabs, and if I feel like it, I'll mute the in-game sound and open foobar2000 for better music. Could it be that I'm just pushing this thing too hard? EDIT 3: I also noticed something odd. Right before I experience these restarts, my monitor would suffer from very faint lines of static moving across the screen. The monitor is still very much useable, but it is very annoying. Following the restart it disappears, and then would gradually re-appear over the next few days, and then restarts again. I find it to be very odd. System specs for good measure: Orion 600 W PSU AMD Athlon II X3 440 (overclocked to 3.14 ghZ, raised the CPU multiplier to x13 from x10) MSI G40-775 motherboard 1 GB inno3D GTX 550 ti 4 GB DDR3 RAM 500 GB Samsung SATA HD

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• SQL Server database filled the hard drive and freeing up space isn't possible

  - by Jon

  I have a database in SQL Server 2008 on a 1Tb hard drive and it filled the drive, there is only 4Kb free. The MDF file is 323Gb and the LDF is 653Gb. The hard disk this DB is on has no other files on it other than the MDF and LDF so it's impossible to free up any space on the drive. The main hard disk is smaller but there is enough room to transfer the MDF to that drive, in case that helps. This server is overseas at a customer site and it's not possible at the moment to add more disk space to the server. It's also not possible to delete any records because the DB is in a failed mode (due to no disk space) and it doesn't respond to most commands. The Db is currently in full recovery mode which is why the LDF file is so large. This DB really doesn't need to be in full recovery so going forward we plan on switching it to simple mode which will save us a lot of space. I also don't care about losing the LDF file, but I need all of the data. I've spent a lot of time looking for a way out of this problem but everything I've found first involves either freeing up disk space or adding more disk space, neither of which is an option at this time. I'm stuck and any help would be greatly appreciated. I get the following log when trying to switch the DB to online mode. Msg 945, Level 14, State 2, Line 3 Database 'DBNAME' cannot be opened due to inaccessible files or insufficient memory or disk space. See the SQL Server errorlog for details. Msg 5069, Level 16, State 1, Line 3 ALTER DATABASE statement failed. Msg 1101, Level 17, State 12, Line 3 Could not allocate a new page for database 'DBNAME' because of insufficient disk space in filegroup 'DEFAULT'. Create the necessary space by dropping objects in the filegroup, adding additional files to the filegroup, or setting autogrowth on for existing files in the filegroup. I've found the following solutions but none work due to having no disk space on that drive, and since the DB is in a failed state I can't run most commmands. - DBCC SHRINKFILE - can't be run because doing a 'use DBNAME' fails - Detaching the DB and then changing the location of the MDF/LDF files, this fails because the DB is in an offline mode so you can't run detach. I'm at a loss about what else to try. Thanks.

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• Lag spikes at full CPU usage, maybe video card

  - by Roberts

  I am posting this thread in hurry so few things may be missed (I will update tomorrow). My PC specs: Motherboard Name - Gigabyte GA-945PL-S3 CPU Type - DualCore Intel Core 2 Duo E4300, 1800 MHz (9 x 200) OS - Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate OS Kernel Type - 32-bit OS Version - 6.1.7601 I bougth a new video card one month ago. GeForce 210. I didn't have any problems. I wanted to overclock it, in other words: "Play with it". So I installed Gigabyte EasyBoost from CD and overclocked the GPU 590 + 110 mhz, memory to max to 960mhz from 800mhz. Benchmarks showed a little bit bigger score. Then I overclocked shader clock from 1405 to [..] (don't remeber really). So I was playing Modern Warfare 2 when off sudden computer froze when I wanted to select team, I was afk before that. I had to reset CMOS. After that I had problems with Skype: unread messages and no sound. Then I figured it out that when ever I open EasyBoost - Skype starts to glitch again. Now I use EVGA Precission X. Now after a month, I cleaned computer and closed the case, it was open all the time. I started to overclock GPU clock only (just a bit) because there was no problems that would stop me. So sometimes on heavy CPU load graphics starts to lag. Dragging a window is painful to watch too. Sometimes the screen freezes for 5 to 10 seconds (I can see that hard disk activity is maximal). You may say that CPU fault it is, isn't it? But sometimes lag spikes starts randomly when CPU load is at maximum. All 3 benchmark softwares (PerformanceTest, NovaBench and MSI Kombustor) shows that performance of my video card has dropped about 25%. BUT! CPU score is lower too. I ignored these problems but when I refreshed Windows Experience Index I was shocked. Month before (in latvian language but not so hard to understand): Now (upgraded RAM): This happened when I tried to capture Minecraft with Fraps on underclocked GPU to 580mhz (def: 590mhz): All drivers are up to date. Average CPU temperature from 55°C to 75°C (at 70°C sometimes starts these lag spikes). Video card's tempratures are from 45°C to 60°C (very hard to reach 60°C). So my hope is that the video card is fine, cause this card is very new and I want to upgrade CPU anyways. Aplogies for my mistakes in vocabulary (I am trying to type this as fast I can).

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• How to convert an MKV to AVI with minimal loss

  - by OSX NINJA

  To convert an MKV to AVI, I do two things. The first thing I do is this: ffmpeg -i filename.mkv -vcodec copy -acodec copy output.avi or this: ffmpeg -i filename.mkv -sameq -acodec copy output.avi Either of these will convert the MKV to an AVI, but the problem is that the video does not play smoothly for some reason. That's fine though, because if I do one more thing it gets fixed: ffmpeg -i output.avi -vcodec mpeg4 -b 4000k -acodec mp2 -ab 320k converted.avi After I do this then the file plays without problem. I had success doing it this way for one file, but then I tried it on another file, and there is a slight, but noticeable loss in video quality. This is the output I get when doing the second step: FFmpeg version 0.6.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2010 the FFmpeg developers built on Dec 29 2010 18:02:10 with gcc 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5664) configuration: libavutil 50.15. 1 / 50.15. 1 libavcodec 52.72. 2 / 52.72. 2 libavformat 52.64. 2 / 52.64. 2 libavdevice 52. 2. 0 / 52. 2. 0 libswscale 0.11. 0 / 0.11. 0 Seems stream 0 codec frame rate differs from container frame rate: 359.00 (359/1) -> 29.92 (359/12) Input #0, avi, from 'output.avi': Metadata: ISFT : Lavf52.64.2 Duration: 00:04:17.21, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 3074 kb/s Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 704x480 [PAR 229:189 DAR 5038:2835], 29.92 fps, 29.92 tbr, 29.92 tbn, 359 tbc Stream #0.1: Audio: vorbis, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16 Output #0, avi, to 'converted.avi': Metadata: ISFT : Lavf52.64.2 Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 704x480 [PAR 229:189 DAR 5038:2835], q=2-31, 4000 kb/s, 29.92 tbn, 29.92 tbc Stream #0.1: Audio: mp2, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 320 kb/s Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Stream #0.1 -> #0.1 I just used arbitrarily large settings on the second step and it worked nicely before but not in this case. What settings should I use?

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• Linux filesystem with inodes close on the disk

  - by pts

  I'd like to make the ls -laR /media/myfs on Linux as fast as possible. I'll have 1 million files on the filesystem, 2TB of total file size, and some directories containing as much as 10000 files. Which filesystem should I use and how should I configure it? As far as I understand, the reason why ls -laR is slow because it has to stat(2) each inode (i.e. 1 million stat(2)s), and since inodes are distributed randomly on the disk, each stat(2) needs one disk seek. Here are some solutions I had in mind, none of which I am satisfied with: Create the filesystem on an SSD, because the seek operations on SSDs are fast. This wouldn't work, because a 2TB SSD doesn't exist, or it's prohibitively expensive. Create a filesystem which spans on two block devices: an SSD and a disk; the disk contains file data, and the SSD contains all the metadata (including directory entries, inodes and POSIX extended attributes). Is there a filesystem which supports this? Would it survive a system crash (power outage)? Use find /media/myfs on ext2, ext3 or ext4, instead of ls -laR /media/myfs, because the former can the advantage of the d_type field (see in the getdents(2) man page), so it doesn't have to stat. Unfortunately, this doesn't meet my requirements, because I need all file sizes as well, which find /media/myfs doesn't print. Use a filesystem, such as VFAT, which stores inodes in the directory entries. I'd love this one, but VFAT is not reliable and flexible enough for me, and I don't know of any other filesystem which does that. Do you? Of course, storing inodes in the directory entries wouldn't work for files with a link count more than 1, but that's not a problem since I have only a few dozen such files in my use case. Adjust some settings in /proc or sysctl so that inodes are locked to system memory forever. This would not speed up the first ls -laR /media/myfs, but it would make all subsequent invocations amazingly fast. How can I do this? I don't like this idea, because it doesn't speed up the first invocation, which currently takes 30 minutes. Also I'd like to lock the POSIX extended attributes in memory as well. What do I have to do for that? Use a filesystem which has an online defragmentation tool, which can be instructed to relocate inodes to the the beginning of the block device. Once the relocation is done, I can run dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1M count=256 to get the beginning of the block device fetched to the kernel in-memory cache without seeking, and then the stat(2) operations would be fast, because they read from the cache. Is there a way to lock those inodes and/or blocks into memory once they have been read? Which filesystem has such a defragmentation tool?

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• Apache refusing to change DocumentRoot

  - by mingos

  I've installed Zend Server CE 5.1.0 on Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit in its default location, meaning the path to my htdocs is C:\Program Files (x86)\Zend\Apache2\htdocs. Not something that I would like to type each time I check out a project from SVN in Eclipse or something. I'd like to set the DocumentRoot to a different folder, namely D:\www. What I've done I edited conf/httpd.conf, with the significant lines being: DocumentRoot "D:\www" <Directory "D:\www"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf I edited conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf to add a virtual host: NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot D:\www ServerName localhost ServerAlias localhost SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development SetEnv APPLICATION_DOMAIN localhost </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot D:\www\UmbraCMS ServerName umbracms.local ServerAlias umbracms.local SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development SetEnv APPLICATION_DOMAIN umbracms.local </VirtualHost> I edited C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts to add this line: 127.0.0.1 umbracms.local And I also added a PHP project to D:\www\UmbraCMS. And restarted Apache. Actually, I restarted the computer, too, just in case. What's supposed to happen After typing http://umbracms.local/ in the browser's address bar, I want to see my PHP project launch, obviously. What's actually happening No matter whether whether I type http://umbracms.local/ or http://localhost/, I'm taken to the test zend page, located in C:\Program Files (x86)\Zend\Apache2\htdocs\index.html, as if neither DocumentRoot was changed nor name-based virtual hosting worked. Interestingly, when I put another project in C:\Program Files (x86)\Zend\Apache2\htdocs\bugraid\ and then, in the browser, typed http://localhost/bugraid, the project actually opened, or at least tried to, as it completely ignored the project's .htaccess file. Extra considerations Zend Server's Apache version is 2.2.16, PHP version is 5.3.0 I've installed MySQL CE 5.5.13 separately, and it works, both from command line and via MySQL Workbench. I have XAMPP installed, but none of its components are started up. It's got its own install of Apache 2.2.17 and MySQL 5.5.1. PHP version is 5.3.5 (I think). Question Have you had a similar situation before? What else might need taking care of in order to have Zend Server's Apache use D:\www as document root for my PHP projects?

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• VirtualBox - multiple guests, each with a single bridged adapter?

  - by Martin

  I am running a dedicated server (located at Hetzner, Germany) that runs VirtualBox in order to virtualize several services accross multiple virtual guests. Those guests are supposed to communicate with each other (for instance, a virtual web server has to access a virtual database server); to be reachable from the dedicated server (for instance, SSH access); and to access the Internet via the dedicated server (for instance, to download security updates) Currently, this is achieved by having host-only adapter vboxnet0 on the dedicated server and two virtual interfaces on each guest. There, virtual adapter eth0 is attached to vboxnet0 (to achieve (1) and (2)), virtual adapter eth1 is attached to VirtualBox' NAT (to achieve (3)). Via eth0, the guests have access to a DHCP and a DNS server, both running on the dedicated server (there, bound to vboxnet0). This allows me to assign custom IP addresses and names. Via eth1, VirtualBox pushes a proper route that enables each guest to access the Internet (via eth0 on the dedicated server). This setup with two virtual adapters frequently leads to problems and at leasts complicates many things. For instance, on the dedicated server there is OpenVPN which allows to access the virtual machines via the Internet; futhermore, there is Shorwall that controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic between the Internet, the dedicated server, and the individual virtual machines. Not to mention automatic installation of servers via PXE... Therefore, I would prefer to have only one single virtual adapter on each guest which would be used for both incoming and outgoing connections. As far as I understand, one would basically use a bridged interface for that very purpose. Now the question arises: Which interface on the dedicated server would the bridge use? eth0 on the host server is not an option, as this is prohibited by the provider. A virtual interface eth0:0 would not make any sense, as a bridge always uses a physical interface (eth0 in this case). Would it be possible to create a bridged interface in each virtual machine that would "dangle in the air"? Thus, without a complement on the dedicated server? How would I have to set up the routing on the host server? Please note that the host / dedicated server has only one network adapter (eth0) which is connected to the provider's network. Regards, Martin

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• Google Chrome issues

  - by Ben Hooper

  I'm an avid user of Chrome and would defend it to the death but there is no denying that it has issues, and I've been experiencing a lot of them recently. Issues Stuck tabs Issue: Around 60% of the time (higher when the system has just started), when Chrome is launched, some or all of the pinned tabs and startup pages will get stuck in the counter-clockwise-rotating "contacting server" mode and never snap out of it. Fix: Quit and launch Chrome until they load properly (this really isn't good, as quitting and launching Chrome can and has cleared all pinned tabs). Extra Information: If you stop the loading and re-enter the URL then the page will load perfectly. The amount of pinned tabs or startup pages seems to be irrelevant, but I could be wrong.   "Downloaded/out of" Issue: Each item in the download bar has a downloaded status section, formatted as "downloaded/out of". Sometimes Chrome doesn't display the "out of" part.   Collapsed settings windows Issue: In Chrome version 19(ish)+, settings are configured via overlayed / popup windows. Sometimes, the window will open fully collapsed. Fix: Resize Chrome's window or open the developer tools. "Network Error" with large downloads Issue: Sometimes, when downloading large files (500MB+) Chrome will download the entire file, the download status will freeze (for example, "1 GB/1 GB") for a few minutes, report "Network error", and delete the .crdownload file. Extra Information: The same file from the same website on the same computer downloads perfectly in other browsers. The website and file type seem to be irrelevant.   Information: I've experienced some of these issues on my home PC and some on my work PC, both of which are Windows 7 Ultimate x64. The only things that link them are my Google account (all settings are synced). Updating Chrome hasn't worked. Most of these issues presented themselves around about version 17 and have continued right through to 21 (current). Uninstalling Chrome, deleting all data in %programFiles(x86)%\Google and %localAppData%\Google, and reinstalling hasn't worked. I have yet to see whether disabling all extensions would make a difference, but it's hard to diagnose as these issues don't occur 100% of the time.   In my case, I don't know if there's an actual solution. I'm just curious as to whether anyone else is having similar issues to those that I'm experiencing. At least then I'll know it's an issue with Chrome itself.

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