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  • C++ Vector vs Array (Time)

    - by vsha041
    I have got here two programs with me, both are doing exactly the same task. They are just setting an boolean array / vector to the value true. The program using vector takes 27 seconds to run whereas the program involving array with 5 times greater size takes less than 1 s. I would like to know the exact reason as to why there is such a major difference ? Are vectors really that inefficient ? Program using vectors #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <ctime> using namespace std; int main(){ const int size = 2000; time_t start, end; time(&start); vector<bool> v(size); for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < size; j++){ v[i] = true; } } time(&end); cout<<difftime(end, start)<<" seconds."<<endl; } Runtime - 27 seconds Program using Array #include <iostream> #include <ctime> using namespace std; int main(){ const int size = 10000; // 5 times more size time_t start, end; time(&start); bool v[size]; for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < size; j++){ v[i] = true; } } time(&end); cout<<difftime(end, start)<<" seconds."<<endl; } Runtime - < 1 seconds Platform - Visual Studio 2008 OS - Windows Vista 32 bit SP 1 Processor Intel(R) Pentium(R) Dual CPU T2370 @ 1.73GHz Memory (RAM) 1.00 GB Thanks Amare

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  • C++ error message output format

    - by sub
    If I want to trigger an error in my interpreter I call this function: Error( ErrorType type, ErrorSeverity severity, const char* msg, int line ); However, with that I can only output Name error: Undefined variable in line 1 instead of Name error: Undefined variable 'someVariableName' in line 1 I'm working entirely with strings (except for the error messages as they all are constant at the moment), so sprintf won't work. What is the best way to create an efficient error function that can output a constant message combined with a string that describes which object, e.g.: a non-existing variable, triggered the error?

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  • Derived template override return type of member function C++

    - by Ruud v A
    I am writing matrix classes. Take a look at this definition: template <typename T, unsigned int dimension_x, unsigned int dimension_y> class generic_matrix { ... generic_matrix<T, dimension_x - 1, dimension_y - 1> minor(unsigned int x, unsigned int y) const { ... } ... } template <typename T, unsigned int dimension> class generic_square_matrix : public generic_matrix<T, dimension, dimension> { ... generic_square_matrix(const generic_matrix<T, dimension, dimension>& other) { ... } ... void foo(); } The generic_square_matrix class provides additional functions like matrix multiplication. Doing this is no problem: generic_square_matrix<T, 4> m = generic_matrix<T, 4, 4>(); It is possible to assign any square matrix to M, even though the type is not generic_square_matrix, due to the constructor. This is possible because the data does not change across children, only the supported functions. This is also possible: generic_square_matrix<T, 4> m = generic_square_matrix<T, 5>().minor(1,1); Same conversion applies here. But now comes the problem: generic_square_matrix<T, 4>().minor(1,1).foo(); //problem, foo is not in generic_matrix<T, 3, 3> To solve this I would like generic_square_matrix::minor to return a generic_square_matrix instead of a generic_matrix. The only possible way to do this, I think is to use template specialisation. But since a specialisation is basically treated like a separate class, I have to redefine all functions. I cannot call the function of the non-specialised class as you would do with a derived class, so I have to copy the entire function. This is not a very nice generic-programming solution, and a lot of work. C++ almost has a solution for my problem: a virtual function of a derived class, can return a pointer or reference to a different class than the base class returns, if this class is derived from the class that the base class returns. generic_square_matrix is derived from generic_matrix, but the function does not return a pointer nor reference, so this doesn't apply here. Is there a solution to this problem (possibly involving an entirely other structure; my only requirements are that the dimensions are a template parameter and that square matrices can have additional functionality). Thanks in advance, Ruud

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  • g++ compiler complains about conversions between relative types (from int to enum, from void* to cla

    - by Slav
    g++ compiler complains about conversions between relative types (from int to enum, from void* to class*, from const char* to unsigned char*, etc.). Compiler handles such convertions as errors and won't compile furthermore. It occurs only when I compile using Dev-C++ IDE, but when I compile the same code (using the compiler which Dev-C++ uses) such errors (even warnings) do not appears. How to mute errors of such types?

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  • I am getting the below mentioned error in my program. what will be the solution?

    - by suvirai
    // Finaldesktop.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // include include include include include using namespace std; int SearchDirectory(vector &refvecFiles, const string &refcstrRootDirectory, const string &refcstrExtension, bool bSearchSubdirectories = true) { string strFilePath; // Filepath string strPattern; // Pattern string strExtension; // Extension HANDLE hFile; // Handle to file WIN32_FIND_DATA FileInformation; // File information strPattern = refcstrRootDirectory + "\."; hFile = FindFirstFile(strPattern.c_str(), &FileInformation); if(hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { do { if(FileInformation.cFileName[0] != '.') { strFilePath.erase(); strFilePath = refcstrRootDirectory + "\" + FileInformation.cFileName; if(FileInformation.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) { if(bSearchSubdirectories) { // Search subdirectory int iRC = SearchDirectory(refvecFiles, strFilePath, refcstrExtension, bSearchSubdirectories); if(iRC) return iRC; } } else { // Check extension strExtension = FileInformation.cFileName; strExtension = strExtension.substr(strExtension.rfind(".") + 1); if(strExtension == refcstrExtension) { // Save filename refvecFiles.push_back(strFilePath); } } } } while(FindNextFile(hFile, &FileInformation) == TRUE); // Close handle FindClose(hFile); DWORD dwError = GetLastError(); if(dwError != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES) return dwError; } return 0; } int main() { int iRC = 0; vector vecAviFiles; vector vecTxtFiles; // Search 'c:' for '.avi' files including subdirectories iRC = SearchDirectory(vecAviFiles, "c:", "avi"); if(iRC) { cout << "Error " << iRC << endl; return -1; } // Print results for(vector::iterator iterAvi = vecAviFiles.begin(); iterAvi != vecAviFiles.end(); ++iterAvi) cout << *iterAvi << endl; // Search 'c:\textfiles' for '.txt' files excluding subdirectories iRC = SearchDirectory(vecTxtFiles, "c:\textfiles", "txt", false); if(iRC) { cout << "Error " << iRC << endl; return -1; } // Print results for(vector::iterator iterTxt = vecTxtFiles.begin(); iterTxt != vecTxtFiles.end(); ++iterTxt) cout << *iterTxt << endl; // Wait for keystroke _getch(); return 0; }

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  • Collision Detection probelm (intersection with plane)

    - by Demi
    I'm doing a scene using openGL (a house). I want to do some collision detection, mainly with the walls in the house. I have tried the following code: // a plane is represented with a normal and a position in space Vector planeNor(0,0,1); Vector position(0,0,-10); Plane p(planeNor,position); Vector vel(0,0,-1); double lamda; // this is the intersection point Vector pNormal; // the normal of the intersection // this method is from Nehe's Lesson 30 coll= p.TestIntersionPlane(vel,Z,lamda,pNormal); glPushMatrix(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); if(coll) glColor3f(1,0,0); else glColor3f(1,1,1); glVertex3d(0,0,-10); glVertex3d(3,0,-10); glVertex3d(3,3,-10); glVertex3d(0,3,-10); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); Nehe's method: #define EPSILON 1.0e-8 #define ZERO EPSILON bool Plane::TestIntersionPlane(const Vector3 & position,const Vector3 & direction, double& lamda, Vector3 & pNormal) { double DotProduct=direction.scalarProduct(normal); // Dot Product Between Plane Normal And Ray Direction double l2; // Determine If Ray Parallel To Plane if ((DotProduct<ZERO)&&(DotProduct>-ZERO)) return false; l2=(normal.scalarProduct(position))/DotProduct; // Find Distance To Collision Point if (l2<-ZERO) // Test If Collision Behind Start return false; pNormal= normal; lamda=l2; return true; } Z is initially (0,0,0) and every time I move the camera towards the plane, I reduce its z component by 0.1 (i.e. Z.z-=0.1 ). I know that the problem is with the vel vector, but I can't figure out what the right value should be. Can anyone please help me?

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  • avoiding enums as interface identifiers c++ OOP

    - by AlasdairC
    Hi I'm working on a plugin framework using dynamic loaded shared libraries which is based on Eclipse's (and probally other's) extension-point model. All plugins share similar properties (name, id, version etc) and each plugin could in theory satisfy any extension-point. The actual plugin (ie Dll) handling is managed by another library, all I am doing really is managing collections of interfaces for the application. I started by using an enum PluginType to distinguish the different interfaces, but I have quickly realised that using template functions made the code far cleaner and would leave the grunt work up to the compiler, rather than forcing me to use lots of switch {...} statements. The only issue is where I need to specify like functionality for class members - most obvious example is the default plugin which provides a particular interface. A Settings class handles all settings, including the default plugin for an interface. ie Skin newSkin = settings.GetDefault<ISkin>(); How do I store the default ISkin in a container without resorting to some other means of identifying the interface? As I mentioned above, I currently use a std::map<PluginType, IPlugin> Settings::defaults member to achieve this (where IPlugin is an abstract base class which all plugins derive from. I can then dynamic_cast to the desired interface when required, but this really smells of bad design to me and introduces more harm than good I think. would welcome any tips edit: here's an example of the current use of default plugins typedef boost::shared_ptr<ISkin> Skin; typedef boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> Plugin; enum PluginType { skin, ..., ... } class Settings { public: void SetDefault(const PluginType type, boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> plugin) { m_default[type] = plugin; } boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> GetDefault(const PluginType type) { return m_default[type]; } private: std::map<PluginType, boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> m_default; }; SkinManager::Initialize() { Plugin thedefault = g_settings.GetDefault(skinplugin); Skin defaultskin = boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<ISkin>(theskin); defaultskin->Initialize(); } I would much rather call the getdefault as the following, with automatic casting to the derived class. However I need to specialize for every class type. template<> Skin Settings::GetDefault<ISkin>() { return boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<ISkin>(m_default(skin)); }

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  • How can I pass a C++ member function to a C API as a parameter

    - by michael
    Hi, In my C++ program, I need to call this c API: GConn* gnet_conn_new (const gchar *hostname, gint port, GConnFunc func); where GConnFunc is defined as: void (*GConnFunc) (GConn *conn); My question is if I have a C++ class and have a member function like Class A { public: A(); void my_func (GConn* conn); } In my A::A() Constructor, how can I pass this-myfunc to gnet_conn_new as the GConnFunc parameter? Thank you.

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  • Get rid of Trailing Numbers in C

    - by Tech163
    For example, #include <stdio.h> int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { char out = printf("teststring"); printf("%d\n", out); return 0; } will return teststring10. Anyone has an idea how to get rid of the 10? Thanks in advance.

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  • Annonymous functions accessing local variables [ActionScript - Flex 3.5]

    - by Ali
    Hi All, I am having a situation with my actionscript/flex front end. for each (var sym:String in ["A","B","C"]) { const handler = function (data:Object):void { Alert.show(sym); } asyncCallback(handler); } I am expecting to have 3 Alert windows containing A, B and C. But the actual result is 3 alert windows all showing C ! I appreciate your comments. -A

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  • Refactor the following two C++ methods to move out duplicate code

    - by ossandcad
    I have the following two methods that (as you can see) are similar in most of its statements except for one (see below for details) unsigned int CSWX::getLineParameters(const SURFACE & surface, vector<double> & params) { VARIANT varParams; surface->getPlaneParams(varParams); // this is the line of code that is different SafeDoubleArray sdParams(varParams); for( int i = 0 ; i < sdParams.getSize() ; ++i ) { params.push_back(sdParams[i]); } if( params.size() > 0 ) return 0; return 1; } unsigned int CSWX::getPlaneParameters(const CURVE & curve, vector<double> & params) { VARIANT varParams; curve->get_LineParams(varParams); // this is the line of code that is different SafeDoubleArray sdParams(varParams); for( int i = 0 ; i < sdParams.getSize() ; ++i ) { params.push_back(sdParams[i]); } if( params.size() > 0 ) return 0; return 1; } Is there any technique that I can use to move the common lines of code of the two methods out to a separate method, that could be called from the two variations - OR - possibly combine the two methods to a single method? The following are the restrictions: The classes SURFACE and CURVE are from 3rd party libraries and hence unmodifiable. (If it helps they are both derived from IDispatch) There are even more similar classes (e.g. FACE) that could fit into this "template" (not C++ template, just the flow of lines of code) I know the following could (possibly?) be implemented as solutions but am really hoping there is a better solution: I could add a 3rd parameter to the 2 methods - e.g. an enum - that identifies the 1st parameter (e.g. enum::input_type_surface, enum::input_type_curve) I could pass in an IDispatch and try dynamic_cast< and test which cast is NON_NULL and do an if-else to call the right method (e.g. getPlaneParams() vs. get_LineParams()) The following is not a restriction but would be a requirement because of my teammates resistance: Not implement a new class that inherits from SURFACE/CURVE etc. (They would much prefer to solve it using the enum solution I stated above)

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  • C# DateTime, is this method regional setting safe?

    - by JL
    I am using the following method to serialize a date as a string private const string DateFormatString = "dd.MM.yyyy HH:mm:ss"; string LastsuccessfuldownloadDateTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-91).ToString(DateFormatString); Is this the safest way to ensure that the string always gets serialized in this format?

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  • PHP constants declaration based on condition

    - by CM
    I am using one separate file for all constants of my PHP application. class constants { const USERNAME = 'abc'; ........ ........ } For lets say USERNAME constant, value can be either xyz or abc based on file exists check. if xyz file exists USERNAME value would be xyz. How can I do this check in my constants class? Thanks in advance.

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  • 'Good' programming form in maintaining / updating / accessing files by entry

    - by zhermes
    Basic Question: If I'm storying/modifying data, should I access elements of a file by index hard-coded index, i.e. targetFile.getElement(5); via a hardcoded identifier (internally translated into index), i.e. target.getElementWithID("Desired Element"), or with some intermediate DESIRED_ELEMENT = 5; ... target.getElement(DESIRED_ELEMENT), etc. Background: My program (c++) stores data in lots of different 'dataFile's. I also keep a list of all of the data-files in another file---a 'listFile'---which also stores some of each one's properties (see below, but i.e. what it's name is, how many lines of information it has etc.). There is an object which manages the data files and the list file, call it a 'fileKeeper'. The entries of a listFile look something like: filename , contents name , number of lines , some more numbers ... Its definitely possible that I may add / remove fields from this list --- but in general, they'll stay static. Right now, I have a constant string array which holds the identification of each element in each entry, something like: const string fileKeeper::idKeys[] = { "FileName" , "Contents" , "NumLines" ... }; const int fileKeeper::idKeysNum = 6; // 6 - for example I'm trying to manage this stuff in 'good' programatic form. Thus, when I want to retrieve the number of lines in a file (for example), instead of having a method which just retrieves the '3'rd element... Instead I do something like: string desiredID = "NumLines"; int desiredIndex = indexForID(desiredID); string desiredElement = elementForIndex(desiredIndex); where the function indexForID() goes through the entries of idKeys until it finds desiredID then returns the index it corresponds to. And elementForIndex(index) actually goes into the listFile to retrieve the index'th element of the comma-delimited string. Problem: This still seems pretty ugly / poor-form. Is there a way I should be doing this? If not, what are some general ways in which this is usually done? Thanks!

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  • Why are member constants available even if there are no instances of a its class?

    - by flockofcode
    1) Why are member constants available even if there are no instances of a its class? 2) Is the only reason why constant expressions need to be fully evaluated at compile time due to compiler replacing constant variable with literal value? 3) Since string is also an object, I would think the following would produce an error, but it doesn’t. Why? class A { const string b = “it works”; } thank you

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  • windows keydown listeners in C

    - by numerical25
    I am having a very hard time finding resources that talk about the windows message system. Mainly the keydown constant variables. I need to know what const varibles I need to listen for all keypress especially the arrow keys for C

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  • fill an array with Int like a Char; C++, cin object

    - by Duknov007
    This is a pretty simple question; first time poster and long time looker. Here is my binary to decimal converter I wrote: #include <iostream> #include <cmath> using namespace std; const int MAX = 6; int conv(int z[MAX], int l[6], int MAX); int main() { int zelda[MAX]; const int d = 6; int link[d]; cout << "Enter a binary number: \n"; int i = 0; while (i < MAX && (cin >> zelda[i]).get()) //input loop { ++i; } cout << conv(zelda, link, MAX); cin.get(); return 0; } int conv(int zelda[MAX], int link[6], int MAX) { int sum = 0; for (int t = 0; t < MAX; t++) { long int h, i; for (int h = 5, i = 0; h >= 0; --h, ++i) if (zelda[t] == 1) link[h] = pow(2.0, i); else link[h] = 0; sum += link[t]; } return sum; } With the way the input loop is being handled, I have to press enter after each input of a number. I haven't added any error correction yet either (and some of my variables are vague), but would like to enter a binary say 111111 instead of 1 enter, 1 enter, 1 enter, etc to fill the array. I am open to any technique and other suggestions. Maybe input it as a string and convert it to an int? I will keep researching. Thanks.

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  • PHP: constant as variable in function

    - by m4recek
    I'm trying to use constant as a function paramter, is it possible to check type of this constant. Example of what I want: class ApiError { const INVALID_REQUEST = 200; } class Response { public function status(ApiError $status) { //function code here } } USE: $response = new Response(); $response->status(ApiError::INVALID_REQUEST); This shoud check that given $status is constant of class ApiError. Is something like this possible?

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  • Use the keyword class as a variable name in C++

    - by Leif Andersen
    I am having trouble writing C++ code that uses a header file designed for a C file. In particular, the header file used a variable name called class: int BPY_class_validate(const char *class_type, PyObject *class, PyObject *base_class, BPY_class_attr_check* class_attrs, PyObject **py_class_attrs); This works in C as class isn't taken as a keyword, but in C++, class is. So is there anyway I can #include this header file into a c++ file, or am I out of luck? Thank you.

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  • Execution issue with PyModule_AddIntConstant function

    - by karnol
    I m learning python c api functions and keen to learn python 3.1 stable version. Found an unresolved issue recently and tried PyModule_AddIntConstant(PyObject *module, const char *name, long value) Runtime error occurred for this function call. Is there something wrong with the function in python 3.1?

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