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  • Explaining training method for AdaBoost algorithm

    - by konzti8
    Hi, I'm trying to understand the Haar feature method used for the training step in the AdaBoost algorithm. I don't understand the math that well so I'd appreciate more of a conceptual answer (as much as possible, anyway). Basically, what does it do? How do you choose positive and negative sets for what you want to select? Can it be generalized? What I mean by that is, can you choose it to find any kind of feature that you want no matter what the background is? So, for example, if I want to find some kind of circular blob - can I do that? I've also read that it is used on small patches for the images around the possible feature - does that mean you have to manually select that image patch or can it be automated to process the entire image? Is there matlab code for the training step? Thanks for any help...

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  • Graphing a line and scatter points using Matplotlib?

    - by Patrick O'Doherty
    Hi guys I'm using matplotlib at the moment to try and visualise some data I am working on. I'm trying to plot around 6500 points and the line y = x on the same graph but am having some trouble in doing so. I can only seem to get the points to render and not the line itself. I know matplotlib doesn't plot equations as such rather just a set of points so I'm trying to use and identical set of points for x and y co-ordinates to produce the line. The following is my code from matplotlib import pyplot import numpy from pymongo import * class Store(object): """docstring for Store""" def __init__(self): super(Store, self).__init__() c = Connection() ucd = c.ucd self.tweets = ucd.tweets def fetch(self): x = [] y = [] for t in self.tweets.find(): x.append(t['positive']) y.append(t['negative']) return [x,y] if __name__ == '__main__': c = Store() array = c.fetch() t = numpy.arange(0., 0.03, 1) pyplot.plot(array[0], array[1], 'ro', t, t, 'b--') pyplot.show() Any suggestions would be appreciated, Patrick

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  • Does JUnit4 testclasses require a public no arg constructor?

    - by Thomas Baun
    I have a test class, written in JUnit4 syntax, that can be run in eclipse with the "run as junit test" option without failing. When I run the same test via an ant target I get this error: java.lang.Exception: Test class should have public zero-argument constructor at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodValidator.validateNoArgConstructor(MethodValidator.java:54) at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodValidator.validateAllMethods(MethodValidator.java:39) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassRunner.validate(TestClassRunner.java:33) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassRunner.<init>(TestClassRunner.java:27) at org.junit.internal.runners.TestClassRunner.<init>(TestClassRunner.java:20) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:26) at junit.framework.JUnit4TestAdapter.<init>(JUnit4TestAdapter.java:24) at junit.framework.JUnit4TestAdapter.<init>(JUnit4TestAdapter.java:17) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.run(JUnitTestRunner.java:386) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.launch(JUnitTestRunner.java:911) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.main(JUnitTestRunner.java:768) Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: dk.gensam.gaia.business.bonusregulering.TestBonusregulerAftale$Test1Reader.<init>() at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Class.java:2706) at java.lang.Class.getConstructor(Class.java:1657) at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodValidator.validateNoArgConstructor(MethodValidator.java:52) I have no public no arg constructor in the class, but is this really necessary? This is my ant target <target name="junit" description="Execute unit tests" depends="compile, jar-test"> <delete dir="tmp/rawtestoutput"/> <delete dir="test-reports"/> <mkdir dir="tmp/rawtestoutput"/> <junit printsummary="true" failureproperty="junit.failure" fork="true"> <classpath refid="class.path.test"/> <classpath refid="class.path.model"/> <classpath refid="class.path.gui"/> <classpath refid="class.path.jfreereport"/> <classpath path="tmp/${test.jar}"></classpath> <batchtest todir="tmp/rawtestoutput"> <fileset dir="${build}/test"> <include name="**/*Test.class" /> <include name="**/Test*.class" /> </fileset> </batchtest> </junit> <junitreport todir="tmp"> <fileset dir="tmp/rawtestoutput"/> <report todir="test-reports"/> </junitreport> <fail if="junit. failure" message="Unit test(s) failed. See reports!"/> </target> The test class have no constructors, but it has an inner class with default modifier. It also have an anonymouse inner class. Both inner classes gives the "Test class should have public zero-argument constructor error". I am using Ant version 1.7.1 and JUnit 4.7

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  • Problem with truncation of floating point values in DBSlayer.

    - by chrisdew
    When I run a query through DBslayer http://code.nytimes.com/projects/dbslayer the floating point results are truncated to a total of six digits (plus decimal point and negative sign when needed). { ... "lat":52.2228,"lng":-2.19906, ... } When I run the same query in MySQL, the results are as expected. | 52.22280884 | -2.19906425 | Firstly, am I correct in identifying DBSlayer as the cause of this effect? (Or the JSON library it uses, etc.) Secondly, is this floating point precision configurable within DBSlayer? Thanks, Chris. P.S. Ubuntu 9.10, x86_64 Path: . URL: http://dbslayer.googlecode.com/svn/trunk Repository Root: http://dbslayer.googlecode.com/svn Repository UUID: 5df2be84-4748-0410-afd4-f777a056bd0c Revision: 65 Node Kind: directory Schedule: normal Last Changed Author: dgottfrid Last Changed Rev: 65 Last Changed Date: 2008-03-28 22:52:46 +0000 (Fri, 28 Mar 2008)

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  • Simple but efficient way to store a series of small changes to an image?

    - by finnw
    I have a series of images. Each one is typically (but not always) similar to the previous one, with 3 or 4 small rectangular regions updated. I need to record these changes using a minimum of disk space. The source images are not compressed, but I would like the deltas to be compressed. I need to be able to recreate the images exactly as input (so a lossy video codec is not appropriate.) I am thinking of something along the lines of: Composite the new image with a negative of the old image Save the composited image in any common format that can compress using RLE (probably PNG.) Recreate the second image by compositing the previous image with the delta. Although the images have an alpha channel, I can ignore it for the purposes of this function. Is there an easy-to-implement algorithm or free Java library with this capability?

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  • Compact a given array problem

    - by Bragaadeesh
    Dont know whether this is a duplicate, but this was an interview question asked to me. Given an array of random numbers and -1 placed inbetween, I have to compact the array meaning all the -1s are to be replaced and the final output should be the last valid index with the fresh array. For example. Input: 3 4 -1 -1 -1 5 8 -1 8 Output: 3 4 5 8 8 5 8 -1 8 and last valid index is 4 Input: -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 2 Output: 2 -1 -1 -1 -1 2 and last valid index is 0 Input: -1 -1 -1 3 3 3 Output: 3 3 3 3 3 3 and last valid index is 2 You should not swap the values just the last valid index along with the array is enough to decipher the non negative values.

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  • A specific string format with a number and character together represeting a certain item

    - by sil3nt
    Hello there, I have a string which looks like this "a 3e,6s,1d,3g,22r,7c 3g,5r,9c 19.3", how do I go through it and extract the integers and assign them to its corresponding letter variable?. (i have integer variables d,r,e,g,s and c). The first letter in the string represents a function, "3e,6s,1d,3g,22r,7c" and "3g,5r,9c" are two separate containers . And the last decimal value represents a number which needs to be broken down into those variable numbers. my problem is extracting those integers with the letters after it and assigning them into there corresponding letter. and any number with a negative sign or a space in between the number and the letter is invalid. How on earth do i do this?

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  • Graphics/Bitmap Limits?

    - by Dean
    Im having some weird problems with Graphics and Bitmap. I have a Graphics Object that is displayed on a PictureBox and im capturing the MouseMove and MouseClick Events that give X and Y Position of the Mouse on the Image but if the Y Position goes Bigger then 32775 it then goes into Negatives which means everything breaks. And if the Image is Bigger then 65535 it then stops displaying the Image. Any Ideas how these problems can be fixed? Thanks Example Code: http://pastebin.com/YEX0XD1q Just Click Make 10,000 Bigger about 4 times then scroll down and on the right it will show the mouse X and Y position and as you move down through the image and hover over the Red Area if you go down enough it will go into Negative Y.

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  • Strange padding in Safari when using SVG images

    - by Naman Goel
    I thought I was having issues with margins but then on a closer look I found that SVGs are acting funky in Safari 6. I am building a simple Hexagon based website. Of course I used negative vertical margins to for a little overlap to 'inter-lock' the hexagons. And to save space I was using SVG images for the hexagons. It works great in chrome and firefox, but in Safari, there is a strange padding in the SVG images. I'm using simple img tags for the svg images. Everything works when I switch to PNG, but I'd prefer to stick to SVGs. Any insight? Can I perhaps delve into the SVG code and somehow fix the SVG problem in Safari? or is it some sort of bug, that I can do nothing about without browser sniffing?

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  • Overwriting arguments object for a Javascript function

    - by Ian Storm Taylor
    If I have the following: // Clean input. $.each(arguments, function(index, value) { arguments[index] = value.replace(/[\W\s]+/g, '').toLowerCase(); }); Would that be a bad thing to do? I have no further use for the uncleaned arguments in the function, and it would be nice not to create a useless copy of arguments just to use them, but are there any negative effects to doing this? Ideally I would have done this, but I'm guessing this runs into problems since arguments isn't really an Array: arguments = $.map(arguments, function(value) { return value.replace(/[\W\s]+/g, '').toLowerCase(); }); Thanks for any input. EDIT: I've just realized that both of these are now inside their own functions, so the arguments object has changed. Any way to do this without creating an unnecessary variable?

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  • Faith and Godaddy [closed]

    - by yuval
    Let's remove the capitalizations from the name GoDaddy - the hosting company: godaddy. Now let's look at the spacing a little differently: god addy, and capitalize: God Addy: God Addy: The address of God Did anybody notice this? How many negative votes will this question get? How long until someone closes the discussion on this question? All of this and more... NOW! Someone favorited this! woo! In addition to my serious and intelligent previous question: Who came first, the chicken or the egg?

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  • Accelerometer Values from Android/iPhone device

    - by mrlinx
    I'm trying to map my movements with a android device into an OpenGL scene. I've recorded accelerometer values for a simples movement: Moving the phone (lies flat on a table) 10cm forward (+x), and then 10cm backward (-x). The problem is that this values when used to calculate velocity and position, makes only the opengl cube go forward. Seems like the negative acceleration recorded was not enough to reduce the speed and invert its movement. What can be the problem? This is my function that updates the velocity and position every time new data comes in: void updatePosition(double T2) { double T = 0.005; Vec3 old_pos = position.clone(), old_vel = velocity.clone(); velocity = old_vel.plus(acceleration.times(T)); position = old_pos.plus(old_vel.times(T).plus(acceleration.times(0.5 * Math.pow(T, 2)))); } This is the X,Y,Z accelerometer values over the entire captured time:

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  • How do I apply css for textboxes only but not for all the <input> types like CheckBoxes, etc.?

    - by George
    If all browsers supported attribute selectors, we could easily do the following: input[type='text'] { font:bold 0.8em 'courier new',courier,monospace; } input[type='radio'] { margin:0 20px; } input[type='checkbox'] { border:2px solid red; But I don't think all IE versions of ^ and greater support this. I think I'd like to avoid skins. Not sure why, other than I tried them and I recall having a negative experience. It was probably my lack of knowledge. Are there any issues in using and CSS, external or otherwise? What's the best way to handle this? Currently I am assigning separate classes to each control type.

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  • Caption in longtable

    - by Tim
    Hi, I find that the caption in my longtable takes two lines but it seems that it can fit in one line. See the figure below: http://i42.tinypic.com/96dqms.jpg My code is: \begin{longtable}{|c|c|c|c||c|c|c|} \caption{Testing error for training size 100000 and 8000 random counts\label{tab:1}}\\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Concept} & \multicolumn{2}{c||}{Negative Class} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Positive Class} & Error rate \\ \hline ... \end{longtable} How to make the caption fit into a single line? Thanks and regards!

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  • How does c# type safety affect the garbage collection?

    - by Indeera
    I'm dealing with code that handles large buffers ( 100MB) and manipulation of these is done in unsafe blocks. I'd like to refactor these to avoid unsafe code. I'm wondering about the likely memory performance gains (positive/negative/neutral) before I embark on that. I assert that if the compiler can verify types, it could possibly generate better code and that could also mean good GC performance. Is this a valid assertion? What is your experience? Thanks.

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  • Sorting an array in descending order in Ruby.

    - by Waseem
    Hi, I have an array of hashes like following [ { :foo => 'foo', :bar => 2 }, { :foo => 'foo', :bar => 3 }, { :foo => 'foo', :bar => 5 }, ] I am trying to sort above array in descending order according to the value of :bar in each hash. I am using sort_by like following to sort above array. a.sort_by { |h| h[:bar] } However above sorts the array in ascending order. How do I make it sort in descending order? One solution was to do following: a.sort_by { |h| -h[:bar] } But that negative sign does not seem appropriate. Any views?

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  • Difference of two 'uint'

    - by vanslly
    When you attempt to declare an unsigned variable in C#.NET with a value outside its value range it is flagged as a compiler error, but if you produce a negative value at runtime and assign it to that variable at runtime the value wraps. uint z = -1; // Will not compile uint a = 5; uint b = 6; uint c = a - b; // Will result in uint.MaxValue Is there a good reason why unsigned variables wrap in such a situation instead of throwing an exception? Thanks.

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  • Back Orders for ERP: data model references ?

    - by Patrick Honorez
    I have built an ERP using Sql Server as a back-end. These are the different types of Client documents (there are also Supplier Docs): Order -- impact: BO Delivery Note (also used for returns, with negative quantity) --impact: BO, Stock Invoice --impact: accounting only Credit Note --impact: accounting, BO I use a complex system of self joins (at detail level) to find out the quantities in each OrderDetail that still have a backorder (BO). It'd like to simplify this using a [group] field that could be used through all detail line related to an original order. There are many difficult things to trace: a Return of a product may be due to a defect and thus increase the BO, or it can be just a return, joined with a Credit Note, and then has no impact on BO. My question is: do you know of any real good reference (book, web) for this matter ?

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  • C#. Whats the fastest way to make an integer positive

    - by maxima120
    I asked wrong question previously and was swamped with negative votes... Let me try again... What is absolutely fastest way to make an int positive (given 50/50 distribution of pos/neg over time). To be nominated for an answer I will require MSIL analysis and not a guess or measuring of time with granny's watch... P.S. as one of variations I proposed i * i not because I wanted to do Sqrt(i * i) afterwards but because i will be used only once to be compared to a const. And if i * i will win competition I simply multiply the const.. Hence the following solution is valid: int trigger = realTrigger * realTrigger; i = SomeCalcs(); i = i * i; if(i < trigger) DoSomething(); P.P.S. pointless rant is not acceptable.. like: why do you need this, its BS! C# cannot tolerate developers like you!

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  • Is -1 a magic number? An anti-pattern? A code smell? Quotes and guidelines from authorities

    - by polygenelubricants
    I've seen -1 used in various APIs, most commonly when searching into a "collection" with zero-based indices, usually to indicate the "not found" index. This "works" because -1 is never a legal index to begin with. It seems that any negative number should work, but I think -1 is almost always used, as some sort of (unwritten?) convention. I would like to limit the scope to Java at least for now. My questions are: What are the official words from Sun regarding using -1 as a "special" return value like this? What quotes are there regarding this issue, from e.g. James Gosling, Josh Bloch, or even other authoritative figures outside of Java? What were some of the notable discussions regarding this issue in the past?

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  • minimum enclosing rectangle of fixed aspect ratio

    - by Ramya Narasimha
    I have an Image with many rectangles at different positions in the image and of different sizes (both overlapping and non-overlapping). I also have a non-negative scores associated with each of these rectangles. My problem now is to find one larger rectangle *of a fixed (given) aspect ratio* that encloses as many of these rectangles as possible. I am looking for an algorithm to do this, if anyone has a solution, even a partial one it would be helpful. Please note that the positions of the rectangles in the image is fixed and cannot be moved around and there is no orientation issue as all of them are upright.

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  • Continuous output in Neural Networks

    - by devoured elysium
    How can I set Neural Networks so they accept and output a continuous range of values instead of a discrete ones? From what I recall from doing a Neural Network class a couple of years ago, the activation function would be a sigmoid, which yields a value between 0 and 1. If I want my neural network to yield a real valued scalar, what should I do? I thought maybe if I wanted a value between 0 and 10 I could just multiply the value by 10? What if I have negative values? Is this what people usually do or is there any other way? What about the input? Thanks

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  • Create a color generator in matplotlib

    - by Brendan
    I have a series of lines that each need to be plotted with a separate colour. Each line is actually made up of several data sets (positive, negative regions etc.) and so I'd like to be able to create a generator that will feed one colour at a time across a spectrum, for example the gist_rainbow map shown here. I have found the following works but it seems very complicated and more importantly difficult to remember, from pylab import * NUM_COLORS = 22 mp = cm.datad['gist_rainbow'] get_color = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list(mp, colors=['r', 'b'], N=NUM_COLORS) ... # Then in a for loop this_color = get_color(float(i)/NUM_COLORS) Moreover, it does not cover the range of colours in the gist_rainbow map, I have to redefine a map. Maybe a generator is not the best way to do this, if so what is the accepted way?

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  • crazy things with PHP array...

    - by user296516
    Hi, A very strange thing, I have an array where element 7 is '[1000137d]', but when I try to compare it by using if ( $array[7] == '[1000137d]' ) it will return a negative. echo $array[7]; echo '<br>'; echo '[1000137d]'; echo '<br>'; echo md5($array[7]); echo '<br>'; echo md5('[1000137d]'); this code would echo out: [1000137d] [1000137d] ca9983334e720042e3a6cbb1dd6b7fd2 3b1c21e661bd7d38deda1f4a45eaa23b as you can see $array[7] is identical to [1000137d], yet their md5's differ. what do you think might be the problem? Thanks!

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  • Regex pattern for searches with include and exclude

    - by alex-kravchenko-zmeyp
    I am working on a Regex pattern for searches that should allow optional '+' sign to include in the search and '-' sign to exclude from the search. For example: +apple orange -peach should search for apples and oranges and not for peaches. Also the pattern should allow for phrases in double quotes mixed with single words, for example: "red apple" -"black grape" +orange - you get the idea, same as most of the internet searches. So I am running 2 regular expressions, first to pick all the negatives, which is simple because '-' is required: (?<=[\-]"?)((?<=")(?<exclude>[^"]+)|(?<exclude>[^\s,\+\-"]+)) And second to pick positives, and it is a little more complex because '+' is optional: ((?<=[\+\s]")(?<include>[^\s"\+\-][^"]+))|(?<include>(?<![\-\w]"?)([\w][^,\s\-\+]+))(?<!") Positive search is where I am having a problem, it works fine when I run it in RegexBuddy but when I try in .Net the pattern picks up second word from negative criteria, for example in -"black grape" it picks up word 'grape' even though it ends with double quote. Any suggestions?

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