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  • assignment vs std::swap and merging and keeping duplicates in seperate object

    - by rubenvb
    Say I have two std::set<std::string>s. The first one, old_options, needs to be merged with additional options, contained in new_options. I can't just use std::merge (well, I do, but not only that) because I also check for doubles and warn the user about this accordingly. To this effect, I have void merge_options( set<string> &old_options, const set<string> &new_options ) { // find duplicates and create merged_options, a stringset containing the merged options // handle duplicated the way I want to // ... old_options = merged_options; } Is it better to use std::swap( merged_options, old_options ); or the assignment I have? Is there a better way to filter duplicates and return the merged set than consecutive calls to std::set_intersection and std::set_union to detect dupes and merge the sets? I know it's slower than one traversal and doing both at once, but these sets are small (performance is not critical) and I trust the Standard more than I trust myself.

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  • How to determine item at a index in pattern

    - by el.gringogrande
    I have the following elements in a list/array a1,a2,a3 and these elements are used to build another list in a predictable pattern example a1,a1,a2,a2,a3,a3,a1,a1,a2,a2,a3,a3... The pattern may change but I will always know how many times each element repeats and all elements repeats the same number of times. And the elements always show up in the same order. so another pattern might be a1,a1,a1,a2,a2,a2,a3,a3,a3,a1,a1,a1,a2,a2,a2,a3,a3,a3... or a1,a2,a3,a1,a2,a3 it will never be a2,a2,a1,a1,a3,a3... or a1,a2,a3,a2,a3,a1 etc How I determine what element is at any index in the list?

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  • in-place permutation of a array follows this rule

    - by Mgccl
    Suppose there is an array, we want to find everything in the odd index, and move it to the end. Everything in the even index move it to the beginning. The relative order of all odd index items and all even index items are preserved. Suppose the values of the array, a[i] = i, n is even. Then we have. 0,1,2,3,4,5,...,n-1 after the operation 0,2,4,6,...,n-2,1,3,5,7,...,n-1 Can this be done in-place and in O(n) time?

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  • Finding patterns in Puzzle games.

    - by José Joel.
    I was wondering, which are the most commonly used algorithms applied to finding patterns in puzzle games conformed by grids of cells. I know that depends of many factors, like the kind of patterns You want to detect, or the rules of the game...but I wanted to know which are the most commonly used algorithms in that kind of problems... For example, games like columns, bejeweled, even tetris. I also want to know if detecting patterns by "brute force" ( like , scanning all the grid trying to find three adyacent cells of the same color ) is significantly worst that using particular algorithms in very small grids, like 4 X 4 for example ( and again, I know that depends of the kind of game and rules ...) Which structures are commonly used in this kind of games ?

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  • What is the best way to find the digit at n position in a decimal number?

    - by Elijah
    Background I'm working on a symmetric rounding class and I find that I'm stuck with regards to how to best find the number at position x that I will be rounding. I'm sure there is an efficient mathematical way to find the single digit and return it without having to resort to string parsing. Problem Suppose, I have the following (C#) psuedo-code: var position = 3; var value = 102.43587m; // I want this no ? (that is 5) protected static int FindNDigit(decimal value, int position) { // This snippet is what I am searching for } Also, it is worth noting that if my value is a whole number, I will need to return a zero for the result of FindNDigit. Does anyone have any hints on how I should approach this problem? Is this something that is blaringly obvious that I'm missing?

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  • Find the set of largest contiguous rectangles to cover multiple areas

    - by joelpt
    I'm working on a tool called Quickfort for the game Dwarf Fortress. Quickfort turns spreadsheets in csv/xls format into a series of commands for Dwarf Fortress to carry out in order to plot a "blueprint" within the game. I am currently trying to optimally solve an area-plotting problem for the 2.0 release of this tool. Consider the following "blueprint" which defines plotting commands for a 2-dimensional grid. Each cell in the grid should either be dug out ("d"), channeled ("c"), or left unplotted ("."). Any number of distinct plotting commands might be present in actual usage. . d . d c c d d d d c c . d d d . c d d d d d c . d . d d c To minimize the number of instructions that need to be sent to Dwarf Fortress, I would like to find the set of largest contiguous rectangles that can be formed to completely cover, or "plot", all of the plottable cells. To be valid, all of a given rectangle's cells must contain the same command. This is a faster approach than Quickfort 1.0 took: plotting every cell individually as a 1x1 rectangle. This video shows the performance difference between the two versions. For the above blueprint, the solution looks like this: . 9 . 0 3 2 8 1 1 1 3 2 . 1 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 1 4 2 . 6 . 5 4 2 Each same-numbered rectangle above denotes a contiguous rectangle. The largest rectangles take precedence over smaller rectangles that could also be formed in their areas. The order of the numbering/rectangles is unimportant. My current approach is iterative. In each iteration, I build a list of the largest rectangles that could be formed from each of the grid's plottable cells by extending in all 4 directions from the cell. After sorting the list largest first, I begin with the largest rectangle found, mark its underlying cells as "plotted", and record the rectangle in a list. Before plotting each rectangle, its underlying cells are checked to ensure they are not yet plotted (overlapping a previous plot). We then start again, finding the largest remaining rectangles that can be formed and plotting them until all cells have been plotted as part of some rectangle. I consider this approach slightly more optimized than a dumb brute-force search, but I am wasting a lot of cycles (re)calculating cells' largest rectangles and checking underlying cells' states. Currently, this rectangle-discovery routine takes the lion's share of the total runtime of the tool, especially for large blueprints. I have sacrificed some accuracy for the sake of speed by only considering rectangles from cells which appear to form a rectangle's corner (determined using some neighboring-cell heuristics which aren't always correct). As a result of this 'optimization', my current code doesn't actually generate the above solution correctly, but it's close enough. More broadly, I consider the goal of largest-rectangles-first to be a "good enough" approach for this application. However I observe that if the goal is instead to find the minimum set (fewest number) of rectangles to completely cover multiple areas, the solution would look like this instead: . 3 . 5 6 8 1 3 4 5 6 8 . 3 4 5 . 8 2 3 4 5 7 8 . 3 . 5 7 8 This second goal actually represents a more optimal solution to the problem, as fewer rectangles usually means fewer commands sent to Dwarf Fortress. However, this approach strikes me as closer to NP-Hard, based on my limited math knowledge. Watch the video if you'd like to better understand the overall strategy; I have not addressed other aspects of Quickfort's process, such as finding the shortest cursor-path that plots all rectangles. Possibly there is a solution to this problem that coherently combines these multiple strategies. Help of any form would be appreciated.

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  • Google Jam 2009. C. Welcome to Code Jam. Can't understand Dynamic programming

    - by vibneiro
    The original link of the problem is here: https://code.google.com/codejam/contest/90101/dashboard#s=p2&a=2 In simple words we need to find how many times the string S="welcome to code jam" appears as a sub-sequence of given string S, e.g. S="welcome to code jam" T="wweellccoommee to code qps jam" I know the theory but not good at DP in practice. Would you please explain step-by-step process to solve this DP problem on example and why it works?

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  • [C++] std::string manipulation: whitespace, "newline escapes '\'" and comments #

    - by rubenvb
    Kind of looking for affirmation here. I have some hand-written code, which I'm not shy to say I'm proud of, which reads a file, removes leading whitespace, processes newline escapes '\' and removes comments starting with #. It also removes all empty lines (also whitespace-only ones). Any thoughts/recommendations? I could probably replace some std::cout's with std::runtime_errors... but that's not a priority here :) const int RecipeReader::readRecipe() { ifstream is_recipe(s_buffer.c_str()); if (!is_recipe) cout << "unable to open file" << endl; while (getline(is_recipe, s_buffer)) { // whitespace+comment removeLeadingWhitespace(s_buffer); processComment(s_buffer); // newline escapes + append all subsequent lines with '\' processNewlineEscapes(s_buffer, is_recipe); // store the real text line if (!s_buffer.empty()) v_s_recipe.push_back(s_buffer); s_buffer.clear(); } is_recipe.close(); return 0; } void RecipeReader::processNewlineEscapes(string &s_string, ifstream &is_stream) { string s_temp; size_t sz_index = s_string.find_first_of("\\"); while (sz_index <= s_string.length()) { if (getline(is_stream,s_temp)) { removeLeadingWhitespace(s_temp); processComment(s_temp); s_string = s_string.substr(0,sz_index-1) + " " + s_temp; } else cout << "Error: newline escape '\' found at EOF" << endl; sz_index = s_string.find_first_of("\\"); } } void RecipeReader::processComment(string &s_string) { size_t sz_index = s_string.find_first_of("#"); s_string = s_string.substr(0,sz_index); } void RecipeReader::removeLeadingWhitespace(string &s_string) { const size_t sz_length = s_string.size(); size_t sz_index = s_string.find_first_not_of(" \t"); if (sz_index <= sz_length) s_string = s_string.substr(sz_index); else if ((sz_index > sz_length) && (sz_length != 0)) // "empty" lines with only whitespace s_string.clear(); } Some extra info: the first s_buffer passed to the ifstream contains the filename, std::string s_buffer is a class data member, so is std::vector v_s_recipe. Any comment is welcome :)

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  • Get `n` random values between 2 numbers having average `x`

    - by Somnath Muluk
    I want to get n random numbers(e.g n=16)(whole numbers) between 1 to 5(including both) so that average is x. x can be any value between (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5). I am using PHP. e.g. Suppose I have average x= 3. Then required 16 whole numbers between 1 to 5(including both). like (1,5,3,3,3,3,2,4,2,4,1,5,1,5,3,3) Update: if x=3.5 means average of 16 numbers should be between 3.5 to 4. and if x=4 means average of 16 numbers should be between 4 to 4.5 and if x=5 means all numbers are 5

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  • Determine coordinates of rotated rectangle

    - by MathieuK
    I'm creating an utility application that should detect and report the coordinates of the corners of a transparent rectangle (alpha=0) within an image. So far, I've set up a system with Javascript + Canvas that displays the image and starts a floodfill-like operation when I click inside the transparent rectangle in the image. It correctly determines the bounding box of the floodfill operation and as such can provide me the correct coordinates. Here's my implementation so-far: http://www.scriptorama.nl/image/ (works in recent Firefox / Safari ). However, the bounding box approach breaks down then the transparent rectangle is rotated (CW or CCW) as the resulting bounding box no longer properly represents the proper width and height. I've tried to come up with a few alternatives to detect to corners, but have not been able to think up a proper solution. So, does anyone have any suggestions on how I might approach this so I can properly detect the coordinates of 4 corners of the rotated rectangle?

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  • Need help with basic optimization problem

    - by ??iu
    I know little of optimization problems, so hopefully this will be didactic for me: rotors = [1, 2, 3, 4...] widgets = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd' ...] assert len(rotors) == len(widgets) part_values = [ (1, 'a', 34), (1, 'b', 26), (1, 'c', 11), (1, 'd', 8), (2, 'a', 5), (2, 'b', 17), .... ] Given a fixed number of widgets and a fixed number of rotors, how can you get a series of widget-rotor pairs that maximizes the total value where each widget and rotor can only be used once?

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  • Compact data structure for storing a large set of integral values

    - by Odrade
    I'm working on an application that needs to pass around large sets of Int32 values. The sets are expected to contain ~1,000,000-50,000,000 items, where each item is a database key in the range 0-50,000,000. I expect distribution of ids in any given set to be effectively random over this range. The operations I need on the set are dirt simple: Add a new value Iterate over all of the values. There is a serious concern about the memory usage of these sets, so I'm looking for a data structure that can store the ids more efficiently than a simple List<int>or HashSet<int>. I've looked at BitArray, but that can be wasteful depending on how sparse the ids are. I've also considered a bitwise trie, but I'm unsure how to calculate the space efficiency of that solution for the expected data. A Bloom Filter would be great, if only I could tolerate the false negatives. I would appreciate any suggestions of data structures suitable for this purpose. I'm interested in both out-of-the-box and custom solutions. EDIT: To answer your questions: No, the items don't need to be sorted By "pass around" I mean both pass between methods and serialize and send over the wire. I clearly should have mentioned this. There could be a decent number of these sets in memory at once (~100).

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  • Finding cities close to one another using longitude and latitude

    - by Jamie
    Each user in my db is associated to a city (with it's longitude and latitude) How would I go about finding out which cities are close to one another? i.e. in England, Cambridge is fairly close to London. So If I have a user who lives in Cambridge. Users close to them would be users living in close surrounding cities, such as London, Hertford etc. Any ideas how I could go about this? And also, how would I define what is close? i.e. in the UK close would be much closer than if it were in the US as the US is far more spread out. Ideas and suggestions. Also, do you know any services that provide this sort of functionality? Thanks

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  • Generate encoding String according to creation order.

    - by Tony
    I need to generate encoding String for each item I inserted into the database. for example: x00001 for the first item x00002 for the sencond item x00003 for the third item The way I chose to do this is counting the rows. Before I insert the third item, I count against the database, I know there're already 2 rows, so the next encoding is ended with 3. But there is a problem. If I delete the second item, the forth item will not be the x00004,but x00003. I can add additional columns to table, to store the next encoding, I don't know if there's other better solutions ?

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  • generic binary Search in c#

    - by Pro_Zeck
    Below is my Generic Binary Search it works ok with the intgers type array it finds all the elements in it . But the Problem Arises when i use a string array to find any string data. It runs ok for the first index and last index elements but i cant find the middle elements. Stringarray = new string[] { "b", "a", "ab", "abc", "c" }; public static void BinarySearch<T>(T[] array, T searchFor, Comparer<T> comparer) { int high, low, mid; high = array.Length - 1; low = 0; if (array[0].Equals(searchFor)) Console.WriteLine("Value {0} Found At Index {1}",array[0],0); else if (array[high].Equals(searchFor)) Console.WriteLine("Value {0} Found At Index {1}", array[high], high); else { while (low <= high) { mid = (high + low) / 2; if (comparer.Compare(array[mid], searchFor) == 0) { Console.WriteLine("Value {0} Found At Index {1}", array[mid], mid); break; } else { if (comparer.Compare(searchFor, array[mid]) > 0) high = mid + 1; else low = mid + 1; } } if (low > high) { Console.WriteLine("Value Not Found In the Collection"); } } }

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  • Given a few strings, how many strings can be lexicographically least by modifying the alphabet?

    - by Jackson W
    Number of strings can be huge as in 30000. Given N strings, output which ones can be lexicographically least after modifying the english alphabet. e.g. acdbe...... for example if the strings were: omm moo mom ommnom "mom" is already lexicographically least with the original english alphabet. we can make the word "omm" least by switching "m" and "o" in the alphabet ("abcdefghijklonmpqrstuvwxyz"). the other ones you cant make lexicographically last, no matter what you do. any fast way to do this? I have no ways to approach this except try every single possible alphabet

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  • Another Nim's Game Variant

    - by Terry Smith
    Given N binary sequence Example : given one sequence 101001 means player 0 can only choose a position with 0 element and cut the sequence from that position {1,101,1010} player 1 can only choose a position with 1 element ans cut the sequence from that position {null,10,101000} now player 0 and player 1 take turn cutting the sequence, on each turn they can cut any one non-null sequence, if a player k can't make a move because there's no more k element on any sequence, he lose. Assume both player play optimally, who will win ? I tried to solve this problem with grundy but i'm unable to reduce the sequence to a grundy number because it both player don't have the same option to move. Can anyone give me a hint to solve this problem ?

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  • What Software Engineering Areas should be stressed upon while Interviewing Candidate for Fulltime So

    - by Rachel
    Hi, This question is somewhat related to other posts which I found on Stackoverflow but not exactly and so am prompted to ask about it. I know we must ask for Data-Structures and Algorithms but what specific data-structures or Algorithms or other CS Concepts should be asked while interviewing Sr. Software Engineering Fulltime Position as compared with Software Engineering Position. Thanks.

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  • Tracking/Counting Word Frequency

    - by Joel Martinez
    I'd like to get some community consensus on a good design to be able to store and query word frequency counts. I'm building an application in which I have to parse text inputs and store how many times a word has appeared (over time). So given the following inputs: "To Kill a Mocking Bird" "Mocking a piano player" Would store the following values: Word Count ------------- To 1 Kill 1 A 2 Mocking 2 Bird 1 Piano 1 Player 1 And later be able to quickly query for the count value of a given arbitrary word. My current plan is to simply store the words and counts in a database, and rely on caching word count values ... But I suspect that I won't get enough cache hits to make this a viable solution long term. Can anyone suggest algorithms, or data structures, or any other idea that might make this a well-performing solution?

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  • An O(1) Sort ~~~

    - by FlySwat
    Before you stone me for being a heretic, There is a sort that proclaims to be O(1), called "Bead Sort" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bead_sort) , however that is pure theory, when actually applied I found that it was actually O(N * M), which is pretty pathetic. That said, Lets list out some of the fastest sorts, and their best case and worst case speed in Big O notation. ~~ FlySwat ~~

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  • Generating different randoms valid for a day on different independent devices?

    - by Pentium10
    Let me describe the system. There are several mobile devices, each independent from each other, and they are generating content for the same record id. I want to avoid generating the same content for the same record on different devices, for this I though I would use a random and make it so too cluster the content pool based on these randoms. Suppose you have choices from 1 to 100. Day 1 Device#1 will choose for the record#33 between 1-10 Device#2 will choose for the record#33 between 40-50 Device#3 will choose for the record#33 between 50-60 Device#1 will choose for the record#55 between 40-50 Device#2 will choose for the record#55 between 1-10 Device#3 will choose for the record#55 between 10-20 Device#1 will choose for the record#11 between 1-10 Device#2 will choose for the record#22 between 1-10 Device#3 will choose for the record#99 between 1-10 Day 2 Device#1 will choose for the record#33 between 90-100 Device#2 will choose for the record#33 between 1-10 Device#3 will choose for the record#33 between 50-60 They don't have access to a central server. Data available for each of them: IMEI (unique per mobile) Date of today (same on all devices) Record id (same on all devices) What do you think, how is it possible? ps. tags can be edited

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  • Given a number N, find the number of ways to write it as a sum of two or more consecutive integers

    - by hilal
    Here is the problem (Given a number N, find the number of ways to write it as a sum of two or more consecutive integers) and example 15 = 7+8, 1+2+3+4+5, 4+5+6 I solved with math like that : a + (a + 1) + (a + 2) + (a + 3) + ... + (a + k) = N (k + 1)*a + (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k) = N (k + 1)a + k(k+1)/2 = N (k + 1)*(2*a + k)/2 = N Then check that if N divisible by (k+1) and (2*a+k) then I can find answer in O(N) time Here is my question how can you solve this by dynamic-programming ? and what is the complexity (O) ? P.S : excuse me, if it is a duplicate question. I searched but I can find

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  • Can my tortoise vs. hare race be improved?

    - by FredOverflow
    Here is my code for detecting cycles in a linked list: do { hare = hare.next(); if (hare == back) return; hare = hare.next(); if (hare == back) return; tortoise = tortoise.next(); } while (tortoise != hare); throw new AssertionError("cyclic linkage"); Is there a way to get rid of the code duplication inside the loop? Am I right in assuming that I don't need a check after making the tortoise take a step forward? As I see it, the tortoise can never reach the end of the list before the hare (contrary to the fable). Any other ways to simplify/beautify this code?

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