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  • How should I declare default values for instance variables in Python?

    - by int3
    Should I give my class members default values like this: class Foo: num = 1 or like this? class Foo: def __init__(self): self.num = 1 In this question I discovered that in both cases, bar = Foo() bar.num += 1 is a well-defined operation. I understand that the first method will give me a class variable while the second one will not. However, if I do not require a class variable, but only need to set a default value for my instance variables, are both methods equally good? Or one of them more 'pythonic' than the other? One thing I've noticed is that in the Django tutorial, they use the second method to declare Models. Personally I think the second method is more elegant, but I'd like to know what the 'standard' way is.

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  • Google App Engine - Dealing with concurrency issues of storing an object

    - by Spines
    My User object that I want to create and store in the datastore has an email, and a username. How do I make sure when creating my User object that another User object doesn't also have either the same email or the same username? If I just do a query to see if any other users have already used the username or the email, then there could be a race condition. UPDATE: The solution I'm currently considering is to use the MemCache to implement a locking mechanism. I would acquire 2 locks before trying to store the User object in the datastore. First a lock that locks based on email, then another that locks based on username. Since creating new User objects only happens at user registration time, and it's even rarer that two people try to use either the same username or the same email, I think it's okay to take the performance hit of locking. I'm thinking of using the MemCache locking code that is here: http://appengine-cookbook.appspot.com/recipe/mutex-using-memcache-api/ What do you guys think?

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  • populate object graph from database

    - by Rama
    Hi, I would like to know the best way to populate an object that has a collection of child objects and each child object may inturn have a collection of objects, from database without making multiple calls to the database to get child objects for each object. basically in hierarchical format something like for example a customer has orders and each order has order items. is it best to retrieve the data in xml format (SQL server 2005), or retrieve a dataset by joining the related tables together and then map that the data to the object? thanks in advance for your help.

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  • Rails ActiveRecord- has_many through and belongs_to a related model

    - by Nick
    I have 3 models sites, user_favorites and users. Relevant relationships: class Site < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :users, :through => :user_favorites class UserFavorite < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user, :counter_cache => true belongs_to :site end class User < ActiveRecord:Base has_many :user_favorites has_many :sites, :through => :user_favorites All of that works just fine. I'd like to add a new attribute to the Site model to indicate which user created it. I don't believe this constitutes a has_and_belongs_to_many scenario. A site has many users through user_favorites but I want it to belong to a single user reflecting the owner/creator. I'm wondering what the ORM best practice is for this. SQL wise I'd just use different joins depending on what I was trying to query with a created_by FK in Site. Sorry if I'm missing something basic here. Thanks

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  • c# - Object reference not set to an instance of an object.

    - by tom
    Line 30: sUsername.Trim(); Line 31: sPassword.Trim(); Line 32: string ConnectionString = WebConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["dbnameConnectionString"].ConnectionString; Line 33: SqlConnection myConnection = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString); Line 34: try Object reference not set to an instance of an object. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. Any ideas? I don't understand the error.

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  • How to access parent window variables from object

    - by Pickle
    I've got an XHTML 1.1 Strict document that is loading another XHTML 1.1 document in an <object> element (as <iframe> isn't part of the XHTML 1.1 spec). I'm having trouble in IE8 (don't care about 6 or 7) with accessing a javascript variable, Lightbox, in the parent window, from the document loaded in the <object>. In Firefox and everywhere I've seen online, I can just use window.parent.Lightbox. In IE8 however, I get it being undefined. window.parent does give me an object but it doesn't have my Lightbox variable. I've also tried window.Lightbox, window.top.Lightbox, and window.top.document.Lightbox, but all return undefined. I should mention I'm using Javascript to set the data property of the <object> - but I don't see how that could affect anything relevant. What Javascript Fu do I need to do to be able to access my Lightbox variable?

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  • Using enums or a set of classes when I know I have a finite set of different options?

    - by devoured elysium
    Let's say I have defined the following class: public abstract class Event { public DateTime Time { get; protected set; } protected Event(DateTime time) { Time = time; } } What would you prefer between this: public class AsleepEvent : Event { public AsleepEvent(DateTime time) : base(time) { } } public class AwakeEvent : Event { public AwakeEvent(DateTime time) : base(time) { } } and this: public enum StateEventType { NowAwake, NowAsleep } public class StateEvent : Event { protected StateEventType stateType; public MealEvent(DateTime time, StateEventType stateType) : base(time) { stateType = stateType; } } and why? I am generally more inclined to the first option, but I can't explain why. Is it totally the same or are any advantages in using one instead of the other? Maybe with the first method its easier to add more "states", altough in this case I am 100% sure I will only want two states: now awake, and now asleep (they signal the moments when one awakes and one falls asleep).

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  • Accessing property of object vs variable in javascript

    - by Samuel
    Why when I try to access a variable that don't exist, javascript throw an exception but when I try to access a property that don't exist in an object, javascript returns an undefined object? For example, this case returns an undefined object: function Foo(){ console.log(this.bar); } Foo(); But, in this other example, javascript throw an exception: function Foo(){ console.log(bar); } Foo(); ReferenceError: bar is not defined

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  • How can I define an empty array in a Perl construtor?

    - by Laimoncijus
    I am just beginner with Perl, so if it sounds stupid - sorry for that :) My problem is - I am trying to write a class, which has an empty array, defined in constructor of a class. So I am doing this like this: package MyClass; use strict; sub new { my ($C) = @_; my $self = { items => () }; bless $self, ref $C || $C; } sub get { return $_[0]->{items}; } 1; Later I am testing my class with simple script: use strict; use Data::Dumper; use MyClass; my $o = MyClass->new(); my @items = $o->get(); print "length = ", scalar(@items), "\n", Dumper(@items); And while running the script I get following: $ perl my_test.pl length = 1 $VAR1 = undef; Why am I doing wrong what causes that I get my items array filled with undef? Maybe someone could show me example how the class would need to be defined so I would not get any default values in my array?

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  • jQuery find events handlers registered with an object

    - by ages04
    I need to find which event handlers an object has registered. eg. $("#el").click(function(){...}); $("#el").mouseover(function(){...}); Is there anyway I can use a function to find out that- $("#el") has click and mouseover registered and possibly iterate over the event handlers. If not a jQuery Object can we find this on a plain DOM object?

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  • Hibernate Updating an existing entity with a new object

    - by DD
    Hi, Assume I have an entity Foo in the DB. I am parsing some files and creating new Foo objects and would like to check if the parsed Foo object exists in the DB (using a unique attribute). If it exists already update it otherwise save as a new object. What is the best approach? Could I simply set the id and version in the new Foo object? Or would I be better off loading the Foo object from the DB and copying over the properties from the parsed file? Thanks.

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  • vs2003 : assign datarow object

    - by dotnet-practitioner
    currently I am doing this... object s = new object(); ... s = mydatarow["mycolumn"]; What I would like to do is... DataRow r = null; ... r = mydatarow["mycolumn"]; and I get an error saying that can not covert from object to DataRow.. is there a better way of doing this?

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  • C#: why have all static methods/variables in a non-static class?

    - by Craig Johnston
    I have come across a class which is non-static, but all the methods and variables are static. Eg: public class Class1 { private static string String1 = "one"; private static string String2 = "two"; public static void PrintStrings(string str1, string str2) { ... All the variables are static across all instances, so there is no point having separate instances of the class. Is there any reason to create a class such as this?

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  • Observer pattern and violation of Single Responsibility Principle

    - by Devil Jin
    I have an applet which repaints itself once the text has changed Design 1: //MyApplet.java public class MyApplet extends Applet implements Listener{ private DynamicText text = null; public void init(){ text = new DynamicText("Welcome"); } public void paint(Graphics g){ g.drawString(text.getText(), 50, 30); } //implement Listener update() method public void update(){ repaint(); } } //DynamicText.java public class DynamicText implements Publisher{ // implements Publisher interface methods //notify listeners whenever text changes } Isn't this a violation of Single Responsibility Principle where my Applet not only acts as Applet but also has to do Listener job. Same way DynamicText class not only generates the dynamic text but updates the registered listeners. Design 2: //MyApplet.java public class MyApplet extends Applet{ private AppletListener appLstnr = null; public void init(){ appLstnr = new AppletListener(this); // applet stuff } } // AppletListener.java public class AppletListener implements Listener{ private Applet applet = null; public AppletListener(Applet applet){ this.applet = applet; } public void update(){ this.applet.repaint(); } } // DynamicText public class DynamicText{ private TextPublisher textPblshr = null; public DynamicText(TextPublisher txtPblshr){ this.textPblshr = txtPblshr; } // call textPblshr.notifyListeners whenever text changes } public class TextPublisher implments Publisher{ // implements publisher interface methods } Q1. Is design 1 a SPR violation? Q2. Is composition a better choice here to remove SPR violation as in design 2.

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  • Events in Classes (VB.NET)

    - by Otaku
    I find that I write a lot of code within my classes to keep properties in sync with each other. I've read about Events in Classes, but have not been able to wrap my head around how to make them work for what I'm looking for. I could use some advice here. For example, in this one I always want to keep myColor up to date with any change whatsoever in any or all of the Red, Green or Blue properties. Class myColors Private Property Red As Byte Private Property Green As Byte Private Property Blue As Byte Private Property myColor As Color Sub New() myColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0) End Sub Sub ChangeRed(ByVal r As Byte) Red = r myColor = Color.FromArgb(Red, Green, Blue) End Sub Sub ChangeBlue(ByVal b As Byte) Blue = b myColor = Color.FromArgb(Red, Green, Blue) End Sub End Class If one or more of those changes, I want myColor to be updated. Easy enough as above, but is there a way to work with events that would automatically do this so I don't have to put myColor = Color.FromArgb(Red, Green, Blue) in every sub routine?

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  • JSON Object XHR and closures

    - by Sara Chipps
    Hi all, I have a JSON object that is populated by an XHR. I then need to update that object with values from a separate XHR call. The issue I am running into is the second call isn't being made at the correct time and I think it's an issue with how I structured my object. Here is what I have: function Proprietary() { var proprietary= this; this.Groups = {}; this.getGroups = function() { $.getJSON(group_url, function(data){proprietary.callReturned(data);}); } this.callReturned = function(data) { //Do stuff for(var i=0; i< data.groups.length; i++) { insparq.Groups[i] = data.groups[i]; $.getJSON(participant_url, function(p){proprietary.Groups[i].participants = p;}); } //the function call below is the action I want to occur after the object is populated. PopulateGroups(); } };

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