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• ASA 5505 stops local internet when connected to VPN

  - by g18c

  Hi I have a Cisco ASA router running firmware 8.2(5) which hosts an internal LAN on 192.168.30.0/24. I have used the VPN Wizard to setup L2TP access and I can connect in fine from a Windows box and can ping hosts behind the VPN router. However, when connected to the VPN I can no longer ping out to my internet or browse web pages. I would like to be able to access the VPN, and also browse the internet at the same time - I understand this is called split tunneling (have ticked the setting in the wizard but to no effect) and if so how do I do this? Alternatively, if split tunneling is a pain to setup, then making the connected VPN client have internet access from the ASA WAN IP would be OK. Thanks, Chris names ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 208.74.158.58 255.255.255.252 ! ftp mode passive access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip any 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.128 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.30.192 255.255.255.192 access-list DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 access-list DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl_1 standard permit 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 pager lines 24 logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip local pool LANVPNPOOL 192.168.30.220-192.168.30.249 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 208.74.158.57 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 timeout floating-conn 0:00:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 inside snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-MD5 esp-aes-256 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp-des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-MD5 esp-aes-192 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA esp-aes esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-SHA esp-aes-192 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-MD5 esp-aes esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA mode transport crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA ESP-AES-128-MD5 ESP-AES-192-SHA ESP-AES-192-MD5 ESP-AES-256-SHA ESP-AES-256-MD5 ESP-3DES-SHA ESP-3DES-MD5 ESP-DES-SHA ESP-DES-MD5 TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd auto_config outside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept webvpn group-policy DefaultRAGroup internal group-policy DefaultRAGroup attributes dns-server value 192.168.30.3 vpn-tunnel-protocol l2tp-ipsec split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl_1 username user password Cj7W5X7wERleAewO8ENYtg== nt-encrypted privilege 0 tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup general-attributes address-pool LANVPNPOOL default-group-policy DefaultRAGroup tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key ***** tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ppp-attributes no authentication chap authentication ms-chap-v2 ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum client auto message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect skinny inspect sunrpc inspect xdmcp inspect sip inspect netbios inspect tftp inspect ip-options ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context : end

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• Nginx alias or rewrite for Horde Groupware ActiveSync URL does not process the rpc.php file

  - by Benny Li

  I'm trying to setup a Horde groupware with Nginx. The webinterface works but I do not get the ActiveSync specific URL to work. The Horde Wiki explains how to use it with an Apache Webserver here. My problem is, that I setup a rewrite (tried an alias too) to serve the location /horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync via the /horde/rpc.php script. But with my current configuration nginx does the rewrite and returns a 200 status code. But it looks like that the php file is not executed. If I go to /horde/rpc.php directly it opens up the login dialog. So this seems to work correct. Firstly I was googling about the problem but could not find a working solution. So now I would like to ask you. The configuration should allow to access the ActiveSync part via the URL /horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync. The horde webinterface is already accessible via /horde. My configuration looks like this: default-ssl.conf server { listen 443 ssl; ssl on; ssl_certificate /opt/nginx/conf/certs/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key /opt/nginx/conf/certs/server.key; server_name example.com; index index.html index.php; root /var/www; include sites-available/horde.conf; } horde.conf location /horde { rewrite_log on; rewrite ^/horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync(.*)$ /horde/rpc.php$1 last; try_files $uri $uri/ /rampage.php?$args; location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; include sites-available/horde.fcgi-php.conf; } } horde.fcgi-php.conf include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_params (default nginx) fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param HTTPS $https if_not_empty; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; The nginx log level is set to debug. The output after the request is: 2014/06/13 10:33:15 [notice] 17332#0: *1 "^/horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync(.*)$" matches "/horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync", client: XX.XX.XX.XX, server: example.com, request: "GET /horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync HTTP/1.1", host: "example.com" 2014/06/13 10:33:15 [notice] 17332#0: *1 rewritten data: "/horde/rpc.php", args: "", client: XX.XX.XX.XX, server: example.com, request: "GET /horde/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync HTTP/1.1", host: "example.com" All this is happening on a RaspberryPi with Raspbian GNU/Linux 7 (which is mainly a Debian Wheezy). So I guess the rewrite works but the php file is not processed?! Does anyone know where the problem is and how to fix it?

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• Rails program is not being run on apache + passenger - only directory listing

  - by user909943

  I have successfully installed Phusion passenger + Apache 2 + Rails 3.1 program + git on a linux Debian 6. I ran passenger-install-apache2-module and followed the configuration instructions. I followed also the setup instructions at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RubyOnRails#Configure%20Apache My program is in /var/www/myrailsproject and runs fine on webrick on my mac. When going to myhomepage.com (example) I only see directory listing. By preventing directory listing and setting Options -Indexes in < Document tag in /etc/apache2/sites-available default or myhomepage.com I get an error on my website: Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. Apache/2.2.19 (Debian) Server at myhomepage.com Port 80 In /etc/apache2/apache.conf I added: ServerName myhomepage.com LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.8/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.8 PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby1.8 In /etc/apache2/sites-available myhomepage.com: < VirtualHost *:80 ServerName myhomepage.com ServerAlias www.myhomepage.com DocumentRoot /var/www/myrailsproject/public ErrorLog /var/www/logs/error.log CustomLog /var/www/logs/access.log combined RailsEnv test RackEnv test RailsBaseURI /mayrailsproject < Directory /var/www/myrailsproject> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks -MultiViews AllowOverride all Order allow,deny allow from all < /Directory> < Directory /var/www/myrailsproject/public> AllowOverride All Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks MultiViews Order allow,deny Allow from all < /Directory> RailsSpawnMethod smart PassengerPoolIdleTime 1000 RailsAppSpawnerIdleTime 0 RailsFrameworkSpawnerIdleTime 0 PassengerMaxRequests 5000 PassengerStatThrottleRate 5 < /VirtualHost I think I have tried all possible combinations of values and variables in < Directory (and < Directory /, < Directory /var/www etc.) the dafault looks like: < VirtualHost *:80 ServerName myhomepage.com RailsBaseURI /myrailsproject DocumentRoot /var/www/myrailsproject/public RackEnv test RailsEnv test < Directory /var/www/myrailsproject> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks -MultiViews AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all < /Directory> <Directory /root/public/myrailsproject/public> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks -MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" < Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 < /Directory> < /VirtualHost So I wonder why my rails project is not being run, only directory listing. I do not have any index file in my project, routes.rb routes to root :to = 'static_pages#home' I think all permissions are as they should be. Thanks a lot in advance Regards Íris

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• Apache, ISPConfig & Roundcube alias

  - by Jay Zus

  I'm using ISPConfig to setup all the websites on my server but I also like to try to fiddle with the files myself to see how it works. Like you guessed, yes, I've broken something. I can't access my webmail setup by default on the server with the alias /webmail (I access it via the http://xxx.xxx.xx.xx/webmail) Firefox tells me that The page isn't redirecting properly Firefox has detected that the server is redirecting the request for this address in a way that will never complete. So I cleaned up my vhost files and the one of my websites work as intended, I think that the problem comes from my default.vhost. Here's the content of it <Directory /var/www/> AllowOverride None Order Deny,Allow Deny from all </Directory> <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/ ServerAdmin [email protected] <Directory /var/www/> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> This isn't a lot and I can't really see what's wrong with it, all I know is that it isn't the one that came with ISPConfig and I can't find an original one. Here's the roundcube.conf that loads with apache # Those aliases do not work properly with several hosts on your apache server # Uncomment them to use it or adapt them to your configuration # Alias /roundcube/program/js/tiny_mce/ /usr/share/tinymce/www/ # Alias /roundcube /var/lib/roundcube Alias /webmail /var/lib/roundcube/ # Access to tinymce files <Directory "/usr/share/tinymce/www/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/> Options +FollowSymLinks # This is needed to parse /var/lib/roundcube/.htaccess. See its # content before setting AllowOverride to None. AllowOverride All order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> # Protecting basic directories: <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/config> Options -FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/temp> Options -FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Deny from all </Directory> <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/logs> Options -FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Deny from all </Directory> I didn't touch that file, but I guess it has something to do with the problem. I just can't find why it doesn't work. EDIT: This is the errors in my apache's log [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 540 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0"

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• stunnel crashing

  - by Jay

  I'm trying to use stunnel to secure a legacy application's communications. I can't seem to get it setup and working. Can anyone provide any hints where I'm going wrong? Here's what I'm trying to accomplish: A windows service on a client machine connects to a server on port 7000 using TCP. I'd like to encrypt the communication between client and server. Here's what I've tried: Created a new server that accepts ssl connections on port 7443. Got a certificate for the server and installed it. That seems to work with my test setup. Installed stunnel on my windows machine (version 7.43 from the distribution archive file). Installed libssl32.dll and libeay32.dll in the same directory as stunnel.exe ( from the openssl-0.9.8h-1 binary distribution). Installed it as a service using "stunnel -install" Configured stunnel as follows: debug=7 output=C:\p4\internal\Utility\Proxy\proxy.log service=Proxy taskbar=no [exchange] accept=7000 client=yes connect=proxy.blah.com:7443 I changed my hosts file to trick the old application into connecting through stunnel: server.blah.com 127.0.0.1 # when client looks up server it goes to stunnel proxy.blah.com IP-address-of-server.blah.com # stunnel connects to new server "server.blah.com" now resolves to the machine it's running on (i.e. stunnel). "proxy.blah.com" goes to the real server. stunnel should connect to the server. I start the stunnel service and try to connect. It looks like it's working but the stunnel service just shuts down with no message. 2010.04.19 13:16:21 LOG5[4924:3716]: stunnel 4.33 on x86-pc-mingw32-gnu with OpenSSL 0.9.8h 28 May 2008 2010.04.19 13:16:21 LOG5[4924:3716]: Threading:WIN32 SSL:ENGINE Sockets:SELECT,IPv6 2010.04.19 13:16:49 LOG5[4924:3748]: Service exchange accepted connection from 127.0.0.1:4134 2010.04.19 13:16:49 LOG6[4924:3748]: connect_blocking: connecting x.80.60.32:7443 2010.04.19 13:16:49 LOG5[4924:3748]: connect_blocking: connected x.80.60.32:7443 2010.04.19 13:16:49 LOG5[4924:3748]: Service exchange connected remote server from x.253.120.19:4135 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: Reading configuration from file stunnel.conf 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Snagged 64 random bytes from C:/.rnd 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Wrote 1024 new random bytes to C:/.rnd 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: RAND_status claims sufficient entropy for the PRNG 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: PRNG seeded successfully 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: SSL context initialized for service exchange 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: Configuration successful 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: No limit detected for the number of clients 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: FD=312 in non-blocking mode 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Option SO_REUSEADDR set on accept socket 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Service exchange bound to 0.0.0.0:7000 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG7[3668:3856]: Service exchange opened FD=312 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: stunnel 4.33 on x86-pc-mingw32-gnu with OpenSSL 0.9.8h 28 May 2008 2010.04.19 13:20:24 LOG5[3668:3856]: Threading:WIN32 SSL:ENGINE Sockets:SELECT,IPv6 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:4556]: Service exchange accepted FD=372 from 127.0.0.1:4156 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:4556]: Creating a new thread 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:4556]: New thread created 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: Service exchange started 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: FD=372 in non-blocking mode 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG5[3668:3756]: Service exchange accepted connection from 127.0.0.1:4156 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: FD=396 in non-blocking mode 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG6[3668:3756]: connect_blocking: connecting x.80.60.32:7443 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: connect_blocking: s_poll_wait x.80.60.32:7443: waiting 10 seconds 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG5[3668:3756]: connect_blocking: connected x.80.60.32:7443 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG5[3668:3756]: Service exchange connected remote server from x.253.120.19:4157 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: Remote FD=396 initialized 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): before/connect initialization 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 write client hello A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 read server hello A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 read server certificate A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 read server done A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 write client key exchange A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 write change cipher spec A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 write finished A 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 flush data 2010.04.19 13:21:02 LOG7[3668:3756]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 read finished A The client thinks the connection is closed: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it 127.0.0.1:7000 at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.DoConnect(EndPoint endPointSnapshot, SocketAddress socketAddress) at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.Connect(EndPoint remoteEP) at Service.ConnUtility.Connect() Any suggestions?

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• Server Cabinet/Room Cooling

  - by user37226

  Hello all. I currently have two desktops and three servers in my office sitting on the floor (I know this is bad). With that many servers the ambient temperature in the room goes up quickly. I am located in Dallas, TX so during the winter, if the heat is kept low, it is not a problem, but during the summer it easily jumps the room +10 degrees. I have decided and found a free 42U server cabinet that a hosting company was throwing away to house all of these systems in. One server is in a rack mount case while the other four servers are housed in mid-tower cases. I have purchased shelves for each computer and plan to lay the towers side ways on these shelves (as replacing the cases costs a heck of a lot of money). I like the idea of housing all of these systems in the cabinet because it will save a lot of room and clean up all of the cabling currently laying all over the office floor. When putting this setup together over the next couple of weeks, I want to address issues with dust and cooling. The server cabinet has a fan on top, front plexiglass door and a rear metal door with vent wholes on the bottom. First the cooling issues. I know I am going to want to have cool air enter the bottom of the cabinet and exit the top. I do not want the room heating up though as this will make my work area hot and then make the servers warmer as the air eventually reenters the cabinet. I had an idea to fix this problem, but am unsure if it will work. I was thinking of taking flexible piping and adapting it to the back fans of the computer having the other end of the pipe at the top close to the cabinet's top mounted fan. I was then thinking of creating a duct around the top fan into the attic. Now I am very concerned that the attic will cause issues with this type of setup because during July/August time frame, the attic is easily 120 degrees F. I could also use the flexible pipe to take it to an attic exhaust vent if it would be better to vent it into the 100 degree air outside (at least there may be wind. The other option would be to buy a small portable air conditioner. This may be a possibility, but do I want to spend the extra money on power? I bet this increases the noise. Plus they are around $250 on Amazon. What would you all recommend? Depending on the solution I end up running with above, I would also like to limit the dust that gets into the cabinet. If I were to cut a whole and mount a second cabinet fan on the bottom of the rear door, could I possibly mount a standard home air filter on the other side of that whole? Thanks in advance for your recommendations. I look forward to reading your interesting ideas.

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• Server Cabinet/Room Cooling

  - by user37226

  Hello all. I currently have two desktops and three servers in my office sitting on the floor (I know this is bad). With that many servers the ambient temperature in the room goes up quickly. I am located in Dallas, TX so during the winter, if the heat is kept low, it is not a problem, but during the summer it easily jumps the room +10 degrees. I have decided and found a free 42U server cabinet that a hosting company was throwing away to house all of these systems in. One server is in a rack mount case while the other four servers are housed in mid-tower cases. I have purchased shelves for each computer and plan to lay the towers side ways on these shelves (as replacing the cases costs a heck of a lot of money). I like the idea of housing all of these systems in the cabinet because it will save a lot of room and clean up all of the cabling currently laying all over the office floor. When putting this setup together over the next couple of weeks, I want to address issues with dust and cooling. The server cabinet has a fan on top, front plexiglass door and a rear metal door with vent wholes on the bottom. First the cooling issues. I know I am going to want to have cool air enter the bottom of the cabinet and exit the top. I do not want the room heating up though as this will make my work area hot and then make the servers warmer as the air eventually reenters the cabinet. I had an idea to fix this problem, but am unsure if it will work. I was thinking of taking flexible piping and adapting it to the back fans of the computer having the other end of the pipe at the top close to the cabinet's top mounted fan. I was then thinking of creating a duct around the top fan into the attic. Now I am very concerned that the attic will cause issues with this type of setup because during July/August time frame, the attic is easily 120 degrees F. I could also use the flexible pipe to take it to an attic exhaust vent if it would be better to vent it into the 100 degree air outside (at least there may be wind. The other option would be to buy a small portable air conditioner. This may be a possibility, but do I want to spend the extra money on power? I bet this increases the noise. Plus they are around $250 on Amazon. What would you all recommend? Depending on the solution I end up running with above, I would also like to limit the dust that gets into the cabinet. If I were to cut a whole and mount a second cabinet fan on the bottom of the rear door, could I possibly mount a standard home air filter on the other side of that whole? Thanks in advance for your recommendations. I look forward to reading your interesting ideas.

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• cannot send mail to postfix /w iptables linux proxy

  - by Juzzam

  I have two separate servers, both running Ubuntu 8.04. Server 1 has the real domain name of our site, let's refer to it as example.com. Server 2 is a mail server I have setup with postfix/courier. The hostname for this server is mail.example.com. I've setup iptables on Server 1 to forward all traffic on port 25 to Server 2. I used this script (except I changed the target ip address and the port from 80 to 25). When I send an email to [email protected] it works. However, when I try to send an email to [email protected] from gmail, I get this error: 550 550 #5.1.0 Address rejected [email protected] (state 14) /var/log/mail.log shows no new lines when this happens. What is strange is that it works with telnet from my local machine. For example: $ telnet example.com 25 220 VO13421.localdomain SMTP Postfix EHLO example.com 250-VO13421.localdomain 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN MAIL FROM: [email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO: [email protected] 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 Please start mail input. hello user... how have you been? . 250 Mail queued for delivery. quit 221 Closing connection. Good bye. /var/log/mail.log shows success (and the email goes to the maildr): Feb 24 09:47:36 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: connect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 65C68120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 6BDFA120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/cleanup[2216]: 6BDFA120321: message-id= Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: from=, size=395, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/virtual[2217]: 6BDFA120321: to=, relay=virtual, delay=0.28, delays=0.25/0.02/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: removed Feb 24 09:48:30 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: disconnect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] iptables -L -n -v --line on example.com yields the following. Anyone know an iptables command to see the port forwarding? Also, it seems to accept all traffic, that's probably bad right? ;] num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 14041 1023K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 338 20722 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 419K packets, 425M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 13711 2824K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 postconf -n results in: alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix delay_warning_time = 4h disable_vrfy_command = yes inet_interfaces = all local_recipient_maps = mailbox_size_limit = 0 masquerade_domains = mail.example.com mail1.example.com masquerade_exceptions = root maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mynetworks_style = host myorigin = example.com readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname SMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf virtual_gid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_gid.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf virtual_uid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_uid.cf

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• File Server - Storage configuration: RAID vs LVM vs ZFS something else... ?

  - by privatehuff

  We are a small company that does video editing, among other things, and need a place to keep backup copies of large media files and make it easy to share them. I've got a box set up with Ubuntu Server and 4 x 500 GB drives. They're currently set up with Samba as four shared folders that Mac/Windows workstations can see fine, but I want a better solution. There are two major reasons for this: 500 GB is not really big enough (some projects are larger) It is cumbersome to manage the current setup, because individual hard drives have different amounts of free space and duplicated data (for backup). It is confusing now and that will only get worse once there are multiple servers. ("the project is on sever2 in share4" etc) So, I need a way to combine hard drives in such a way as to avoid complete data loss with the failure of a single drive, and so users see only a single share on each server. I've done linux software RAID5 and had a bad experience with it, but would try it again. LVM looks ok but it seems like no one uses it. ZFS seems interesting but it is relatively "new". What is the most efficient and least risky way to to combine the hdd's that is convenient for my users? Edit: The Goal here is basically to create servers that contain an arbitrary number of hard drives but limit complexity from an end-user perspective. (i.e. they see one "folder" per server) Backing up data is not an issue here, but how each solution responds to hardware failure is a serious concern. That is why I lump RAID, LVM, ZFS, and who-knows-what together. My prior experience with RAID5 was also on an Ubuntu Server box and there was a tricky and unlikely set of circumstances that led to complete data loss. I could avoid that again but was left with a feeling that I was adding an unnecessary additional point of failure to the system. I haven't used RAID10 but we are on commodity hardware and the most data drives per box is pretty much fixed at 6. We've got a lot of 500 GB drives and 1.5 TB is pretty small. (Still an option for at least one server, however) I have no experience with LVM and have read conflicting reports on how it handles drive failure. If a (non-striped) LVM setup could handle a single drive failing and only loose whichever files had a portion stored on that drive (and stored most files on a single drive only) we could even live with that. But as long as I have to learn something totally new, I may as well go all the way to ZFS. Unlike LVM, though, I would also have to change my operating system (?) so that increases the distance between where I am and where I want to be. I used a version of solaris at uni and wouldn't mind it terribly, though. On the other end on the IT spectrum, I think I may also explore FreeNAS and/or Openfiler, but that doesn't really solve the how-to-combine-drives issue.

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• Specifying a Postfix Instance to send outbound email

  - by Catherine Jefferson

  I have a CentOS 6.5 server running Postfix 2.6x (the default distribution) with five public IPv4 IPs bound to it. Each IP has DNS and rDNS set separately. Each uses a different hostname at a different domain. I have five Postfix instances, one bound to each IP, like this example: 192.168.34.104 red.example.com /etc/postfix 192.168.36.48 green.example.net /etc/postfix-green 192.168.36.49 pink.example.org /etc/postfix-pink 192.168.36.50 orange.example.info /etc/postfix-orange 192.168.36.51 blue.example.us /etc/postfix-blue I've tested each IP by telneting to port 25. Postfix answers and banners properly with the correct hostname. Email is received on all of these instances with no problems and is routed to the correct place. This setup, minus the final instance, has existed for a couple of years and works. I never bothered to set up outbound email to go through any but the main instance, however; there was no need. Now I need to send email from blue.example.us that actually leaves from that interface and IP, such that the Received headers show blue.example.us as the sending mailhost, so that SPF and DKIM validate, etc etc. The email that will be sent from blue.example.com is a feedback loop sent by a single shell account on the server (account5), an account that is dedicated to sending this email. The account receives the feedback loop emails from servers on other networks, saves the bodies of those emails, and then generates a new outbound email header, appends the saved body, and sends the email. It's sending by piping each email to sendmail -oi -t. We're doing it this way to mask the identities of the initial servers. The procmail script that processes these emails works correctly. However, I cannot configure this account to send email through the proper Postfix instance/IP/interface. The exact same account and script sends email through the main Postfix instance /etc/postfix without any issues. When I change MAIL_CONFIG to point to /etc/postfix-blue in either .bash_profile or the Procmail script that handles this email, though, I get this error: sendmail: fatal: User account5(###) is not allowed to submit mail I've read the manuals on Postfix.org, searched Google, and tried the suggestions in three previous answers here on ServerFault.com: Postfix - specify interface to deliver outbound mail on Postfix user is not allowed to submit mail Postfix rejects php mails I have been careful to stop and restart Postfix after each configuration change, and tested the results. Nothing has worked. The main postfix instance happily accepts outbound email from account5. The postfix-blue instance continues to reject email from account5 with the sendmail error above. As tempting as it is to blame machine hostility, I know that I must be missing something or doing something wrong. Does anybody have any suggestions as to what it might be? Please feel free to ask for further information about my setup if you need it. =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= At the request of the responder, here are main.cf and master.cf for a) the main postfix instance ("red.example.com") and b) the FBL instance ("blue.example.us") [NOTE: All parameters not specified below were left at the default Postfix 2.6 settings] MAIN: master.cf smtp inet n - n - - smtpd main.cf myhostname = red.example.com mydomain = example.com inet_interfaces = $myhostname, localhost inet_protocols = all lmtp_host_lookup = native smtp_host_lookup = native ignore_mx_lookup_error = yes mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost local_recipient_maps = mynetworks = 192.168.34.104/32 relay_domains = example.com, example.info, example.net, example.org, example.us relayhost = [192.168.34.102] # Separate physical server, main mailserver. relay_recipient_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/relay_recipients alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name multi_instance_wrapper = ${command_directory}/postmulti -p -- multi_instance_enable = yes multi_instance_directories = /etc/postfix-green /etc/postfix-pink /etc/postfix-orange /etc/postfix-blue FBL: master.cf 184.173.119.103:25 inet n - n - - smtpd main.cf myhostname = blue.example.us mydomain = blue.example.us <= Deliberately set to subdomain only. myorigin = $mydomain inet_interfaces = $myhostname lmtp_host_lookup = native smtp_host_lookup = native ignore_mx_lookup_error = yes mydestination = $myhostname local_recipient_maps = unix:passwd.byname $alias_maps $virtual_alias_maps mynetworks = 192.168.36.51/32, 192.168.35.20/31 <= Second IP is backup MX servers relay_domains = $mydestination recipient_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix-blue/canonical virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix-fbl/virtual alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/etc/postfix-blue/canonical alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/etc/postfix-blue/canonical mailbox_command = /usr/bin/procmail -a "$EXTENSION" DEFAULT=$HOME/Mail/ MAILDIR=$HOME/Mail smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name authorized_submit_users = multi_instance_name = postfix-blue multi_instance_enable = yes

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• How to use Public IP in case of two ISP when two differs from each other

  - by user1471995

  Please bare with my long explanation but this is important to explain the actual problem. Please also pardon my knowledge with PFsense as i am new to this. I have single PFSense box with 3 Ethernet adapter. Before moving to configuration for these, i want to let you know i have two Ethernet based Internet Leased Line Connectivity let's call them ISP A and ISP B. Then last inetrface is LAN which is connected to network switch. Typical network diagram ISP A ----- PFSense ----> Switch ---- > Servers ISP B ----- ISP A (Initially Purchased) WAN IP:- 113.193.X.X /29 Gateway IP :- 113.193.X.A and other 4 usable public IP in same subnet(So the gateway for those IP are also same). ISP B (Recently Purchased) WAN IP:- 115.115.X.X /30 Gateway IP :- 115.115.X.B and other 5 usable public IP in different subnet(So the gateway for those IP is different), for example if 115.119.X.X2 is one of the IP from that list then the gateway for this IP is 115.119.X.X1. Configuration for 3 Interfaces Interface : WAN Network Port : nfe0 Type : Static IP Address : 113.193.X.X /29 Gateway : 113.193.X.A Interface : LAN Network Port : vr0 Type : Static IP Address : 192.168.1.1 /24 Gateway : None Interface : RELWAN Network Port : rl0 Type : Static IP Address : 115.115.X.X /30 (I am not sure of the subnet) Gateway : 115.115.X.B To use Public IP from ISP A i have done following steps a) Created Virtual IP using either ARP or IP Alias. b) Using Firewall: NAT: Port Forward i have created specific natting from one public IP to my internal Lan private IP for example :- WAN TCP/UDP * * 113.193.X.X1 53 (DNS) 192.168.1.5 53 (DNS) WAN TCP/UDP * * 113.193.X.X1 80 (HTTP) 192.168.1.5 80 (HTTP) WAN TCP * * 113.193.X.X2 80 (HTTP) 192.168.1.7 80 (HTTP) etc., c) Current state for Firewall: NAT: Outbound is Manual and whatever default rule are defined for the WAN those are only present. d) If this section in relevant then for Firewall: Rules at WAN tab then following default rule has been generated. * RFC 1918 networks * * * * * Block private networks * Reserved/not assigned by IANA * * * * * * To use Public IP from ISP B i have done following steps a) Created Virtual IP using either ARP or IP Alias. b) Using Firewall: NAT: Port Forward i have created specific natting from one public IP to my internal Lan private IP for example :- RELWAN TCP/UDP * * 115.119.116.X.X1 80 (HTTP) 192.168.1.11 80 (HTTP) c) Current state for Firewall: NAT: Outbound is Manual and whatever default rule are defined for the RELWAN those are only present. d) If this section in relevant then for Firewall: Rules at RELWAN tab then following default rule has been generated. * RFC 1918 networks * * * * * * Reserved/not assigned by IANA * * * * * * Last thing before my actual query is to make you aware that to have multiple Wan setup i have done following steps a) Under System: Gateways at Groups Tab i have created new group as following MultipleGateway WANGW, RELWAN Tier 2,Tier 1 Multiple Gateway Test b) Then Under Firewall: Rules at LAN tab i have created a rule for internal traffic as follows * LAN net * * * MultipleGateway none c) This setup works if unplug first ISP traffic start routing using ISP 2 and vice-versa. Now my main query and problem is i am not able to use public IP address allocated by ISP B, i have tried many small tweaks but not successful in anyone. The notable difference between the two ISP is a) In case of ISP A there Public usable IP address are on same subnet so the gateway used for the WAN ip is same for the other public IP address. b) In case of ISP B there public usable IP address are on different subnet so the obvious the gateway IP for them is different from WAN gateway's IP. Please let me know how to use ISP B public usable IP address, in future also i am going to rely for more IPs from ISP B only.

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• Static file download from browser breaking in varnish but works fine in Apache

  - by Ron

  I would at first like to thank everyone at serverfault for this great website and I also come to this site while searching in google for various server related issues and setups. I also have an issue today and so I am posting here and hope that the seniors would help me out. I had setup a website on a dedicated server a few days ago and I used Varnish 3 as the frontend to Apache2 on a Debian Lenny server as the traffic was a bit high. There are several static file downloads of around 10-20 MB in size in the website. The website looked fine in the last few days after I setup. I was checking from a 5mbps + broadband connection and the file downloads were also completed in seconds and working fine. But today I realized that on a slow internet connection the file downloads were breaking off. When I tried to download the files from the website using a browser then it broke off after a minute or so. It kept on happening again and again and so it had nothing to do with the internet connection. The internet connection was around 512 kbps and so it was not dial up level speed too but decent speed where files should easily download though not that fast. Then I thought of trying out with the apache backend port and used the port number to check out if the problem occurs. But then on adding the apache port in the static file download url, the files got downloaded easily and did not break even once. I tried it several times to make sure that it was not a coincidence but every time I was using the apache port in the file download url then it was downloading fine while it was breaking each time with the normal link which was routed through Varnish I suppose. So, it seems Varnish has somehow resulted in the broken file downloads. Could anyone give any idea as to why it is happening and how to fix the problem. For more clarification, take this example: Apache backend set on port 8008, Varnish frontend set on port 80 Now when I download say http://mywebsite.com/directory/filename.extension Then the download breaks off after a minute or so. I cannot be sure it is due to the time or size though and I am just assuming. May be some other reason too. But when I download using: http://mywebsite.com:8008/directory/filename.extension Then the file download does not break at all and it gets download fine. So, it seems that varnish is somehow creating the file download breaking and not apache. Does anybody have any idea as to why it is happening and how can it be fixed. Any help would be highly appreciated. And my varnish default.vcl is backend apache { set backend.host = "127.0.0.1"; set backend.port = "8008"; } sub vcl_deliver { remove resp.http.X-Varnish; remove resp.http.Via; remove resp.http.Age; remove resp.http.Server; remove resp.http.X-Powered-By; }

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• cannot send mail to postfix /w iptables linux proxy

  - by Juzzam

  I have two separate servers, both running Ubuntu 8.04. Server 1 has the real domain name of our site, let's refer to it as example.com. Server 2 is a mail server I have setup with postfix/courier. The hostname for this server is mail.example.com. I've setup iptables on Server 1 to forward all traffic on port 25 to Server 2. I used this script (except I changed the target ip address and the port from 80 to 25). When I send an email to [email protected] it works. However, when I try to send an email to [email protected] from gmail, I get this error: 550 550 #5.1.0 Address rejected [email protected] (state 14) /var/log/mail.log shows no new lines when this happens. What is strange is that it works with telnet from my local machine. For example: $ telnet example.com 25 220 VO13421.localdomain SMTP Postfix EHLO example.com 250-VO13421.localdomain 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN MAIL FROM: [email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO: [email protected] 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 Please start mail input. hello user... how have you been? . 250 Mail queued for delivery. quit 221 Closing connection. Good bye. /var/log/mail.log shows success (and the email goes to the maildr): Feb 24 09:47:36 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: connect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:01 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 65C68120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: warning: restriction `smtpd_data_restrictions' after `permit' is ignored Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: 6BDFA120321: client=81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/cleanup[2216]: 6BDFA120321: message-id= Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: from=, size=395, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/virtual[2217]: 6BDFA120321: to=, relay=virtual, delay=0.28, delays=0.25/0.02/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir) Feb 24 09:48:29 VO13421 postfix/qmgr[2042]: 6BDFA120321: removed Feb 24 09:48:30 VO13421 postfix/smtpd[2212]: disconnect from 81.208.68.208.static.dnsptr.net[208.68.xxx.xxx] iptables -L -n -v --line on example.com yields the following. Anyone know an iptables command to see the port forwarding? Also, it seems to accept all traffic, that's probably bad right? ;] num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 14041 1023K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 338 20722 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 419K packets, 425M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 13711 2824K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 postconf -n results in: alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix delay_warning_time = 4h disable_vrfy_command = yes inet_interfaces = all local_recipient_maps = mailbox_size_limit = 0 masquerade_domains = mail.example.com mail1.example.com masquerade_exceptions = root maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mynetworks_style = host myorigin = example.com readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname SMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf virtual_gid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_gid.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf virtual_uid_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_uid.cf

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• Can spliting an access database cause printer and reporting issues?

  - by leeand00

  We have a setup in which our users log into an access database using MS Access 2003 over an RDP connection. The user's login to their own machines first using a roaming profile. They then click an rdp connection file on the desktop and login to the remote server, via RDP, where they use MS Access as the shell; they don't have any access to any of explorer.exe features such as the start menu. The database they are logging into is more of an application, and provides functionality for entering data, querying data, and running reports via form based menus. It all worked pretty well until we split the database as it was nearing 2GBs in size. We moved out the payroll data into a separate partition, a database with the same name in a different folder, both of them on the server. Only two tables were moved into this new database partition, and they were re-linked as external tables in the new partition. Now while everything appears to be working fine data-wise after the split, there's a new issue when our users login via RDP and attempt to run reports: often the report will not display and instead the user sees an error about the click event of the form. At first I didn't even know it was printer-related, as we didn't really change anything related to the printers as far as I knew. Confused about the error, I talked to the guy who previously worked here and who was in charge of splitting the database, and he told me to tell the users to set their default printers (on their local machines, not on the server) to the "printer" Microsoft XPS Document Writer which isn't a physical printer at all. This allowed the user's to display their reports, but if they want to print out reports, they are required to go to the File menu and select Print, clicking the print icon on the toolbar takes them to a Save As... dialog as would be expected when using the Microsoft XPS Document Writer as your default printer. It's easy to tell if the user is having a problem because a quick mouseover of the printer icon will yield a tooltip of (none) when they cannot access their reports, and a tooltip of Microsoft XPS Document Writer when they can view the reports. If the user's printer is set to anything other than Microsoft XPS Document Writer as the default on their local machine, then (none) is always displayed when they rdp to the database. The RDP settings are setup to transfer the local printer to the server. Telling the users to do this to print has been more of a band-aid on the whole situation until we find a better solution and an explanation as to why splitting a database would prevent users from printing or even viewing access database reports. Which is why I'm here asking this question. Also of note all the printers on the network now show up on the server so that when the users do click File->Print to print their reports on a physical printer, they have to look through a huge list of printers to find theirs in the dropdown. So the little band-aid fix we have is not ideal. Previously, only the printers on the user's local machine displayed here, and not all the printers on the network. My co-worker seems to think this has something to do with permissions, I personally think it has to do with roaming profiles, and Group Policies which is what I've been reading up on. I really don't know how to fix this or how it is related to splitting the database.

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• Alias wordpress folder from within another website

  - by Bretticus

  I have a little dilemma. I wrote a custom PHP MVC framework and built a CMS on top of it. I decided to give nginx+fpm a whirl too. Which is the root of my dilemma. I was asked to incorporate a wordpress blog into my website (yah.) It has much content and it's not feasible in the short amount of time I have to bring all the content into my CMS. Because of using Apache for years, I'm, admittedly, a little lost using nginx. My website has the file path: /opt/directories/mysite/public/ The wordpress files are located at: /opt/directories/mysite/news/ I know I just need to setup location(s) that targets /news[/*] and then forces all matching URI's to the index.php within. Can someone point me in the right direction perhaps? My configuration is below: server { listen 80; server_name staging.mysite.com index index.php; root /opt/directories/mysite/public; access_log /var/log/nginx/mysite/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/mysite/error.log; add_header X-NodeName directory01; location = /favicon.ico { log_not_found off; access_log off; } location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?route=$uri&$args; } location ~ /news { try_files $uri $uri/ @news; } location @news { fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(/news)(/.*)$; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /opt/directories/mysite/news/index.php; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; } include fastcgi_params; include php.conf; location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|xml)$ { access_log off; expires 30d; } ## Disable viewing .htaccess & .htpassword location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } My php.conf file: location ~ \.php { fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock; # If you must use PATH_INFO and PATH_TRANSLATED then add # the following within your location block above # (make sure $ does not exist after \.php or /index.php/some/path/ will not match): #fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; #fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; #fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info; } fastcgi_params file: fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; Thanks, in large part, to @Kromey, I have adjusted my location /news/ but I am still not getting the desired result. I was able to learn to tack a ~ my /news location as I discovered that my php location was being matched first. With this setup, I now get a 200 status, but the page is blank. Any ideas?

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• KVM with one host IP and a different subnet for machines

  - by Jguy

  I've already setup a KVM host with proper IP configurations, but my host had me create DHCP and use that to assign the IP's to the machines. I want to see if there's an easier way to do it (or better). Upon my first setting out on this, I didn't find anything that pointed me in the right direction. I'm coming off a fresh install of Debian 6.0 x64, so I have nothing installed. I've logged in, queried for the below information and changed the password from my host set one. I have a Debian 6.0 x64 system with the following initial network configuration (substituted 255 in place of my real first octave): # tail /etc/network/interfaces auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 255.9.24.80 broadcast 255.9.24.95 netmask 255.255.255.224 gateway 255.9.24.65 # default route to access subnet up route add -net 255.9.24.64 netmask 255.255.255.224 gw 255.9.24.65 eth0 I have a /29 subnet that I want the virtual machines to use from my host: IP: 255.46.187.152 /29 Mask: 255.255.255.248 Broadcast: 255.46.187.159 Usable IP addresses: 255.46.187.153 to 255.46.187.158 I like the interface of Cloudmin, so I want to try and use that if I can to administrate my guests. So, my questions: How do I set this up on the host system the best so that I can use the additional Subnet IP's on the guests and have them accessible from the internet? I also need to host a DNS server, which means one of these VM's has to have two IP's assigned to it and accessable from the outside world. How can I do that using Cloudmin? I had a question about this here: Multiple IP addresses assigned to one KVM VM But I just reformatted the entire server and am trying to figure out a better way of doing this. Machine information: # ip route show 255.9.24.64/27 via 255.9.24.65 dev eth0 255.9.24.64/27 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 255.9.24.80 default via 255.9.24.65 dev eth0 brctl is empty # ip addr list 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether c8:60:00:54:b5:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 255.9.24.80/27 brd 255.9.24.95 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::ca60:ff:fe54:b5d8/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever Thank you for any help you can provide me. EDIT: I've installed kvm and cloudmin: aptitude install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin wget http://cloudmin.virtualmin.com/gpl/scripts/cloudmin-kvm-debian-install.sh ./cloudmin-kvm-debian-install.sh Rebooted and now my network configuration looks like this: # device: eth0 iface eth0 inet manual # default route to access subnet iface br0 inet static address 255.9.24.80 netmask 255.255.255.224 broadcast 255.9.24.95 network 255.9.24.64 bridge_ports eth0 gateway 255.9.24.65 I setup in Cloudmin the Start IP as 255.46.187.153 and End IP as 255.46.187.158. The CIDR is 29 and the gateway is 255.46.187.152. I've installed a guest with ubuntuserver 12.04 x64, which was able to get and retrieve internet resources during installation, but now cannot reach anything nor can it be reached from anything. Its network configuration is: iface eth0 inet static address 255.46.187.153 netmask 255.255.255.224 broadcast 255.46.187.159 gateway 255.46.187.152 dns-nameservers <host provided nameservers> And is not able to ping google.com through DNS or direct IP, I can't ping the VM from the outside or the host. any ideas now?

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• Optimise Apache for EC2 micro instance

  - by Shiyu Sekam

  I'm running apache2 on a EC2 micro instance with ~600 mb RAM. The instance was running for almost a year without problems, but in the last weeks it just keeps crashing, because the server reached MaxClients. The server basically runs few websites, one wordpress blog(not often used), company website(most used) and 2 small sites, which are just internal. The database for the blog runs on RDS, so there's no Mysql running on this web server. When I came to the company, the server already was setup and is running apache + mod_php + prefork. We want to migrate that in the future to a nginx + php-fpm, but it still needs further testing. So for now I have to stick with the old setup. I also use CloudFlare DDOS protection in front of the server, because it was attacked a couple of the times in the last weeks. My company don't want to pay money for a better web server at this point, so I have to stick with the micro instance also. Additionally the code for the website we run is really bad and slow and sometimes a single page load can take up to 15 seconds. The whole website is dynamic and written in PHP, so caching isn't really an option here. It's a customized search for users. I've already turned off KeepAlive, which improved the performance a little bit. My prefork config looks like the following: StartServers 2 MinSpareServers 2 MaxSpareServers 5 ServerLimit 10 MaxClients 10 MaxRequestsPerChild 100 The server just becomes unresponsive after a while running and I've run the following command to see how many connections there are: netstat | grep http | wc -l 75 Trying to restart apache helps for a short moment, but after that a while the apache process(es) become unresponsive again. I've the following modules enabled(output of apache2ctl -M) Loaded Modules: core_module (static) log_config_module (static) logio_module (static) version_module (static) mpm_prefork_module (static) http_module (static) so_module (static) alias_module (shared) authz_host_module (shared) deflate_module (shared) dir_module (shared) expires_module (shared) mime_module (shared) negotiation_module (shared) php5_module (shared) rewrite_module (shared) setenvif_module (shared) ssl_module (shared) status_module (shared) Syntax OK apache2.conf # Security ServerTokens OS ServerSignature On TraceEnable On ServerName "web.example.com" ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} Timeout 30 KeepAlive off User www-data Group www-data AccessFileName .htaccess <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> DefaultType none HostnameLookups Off ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log LogLevel warn EnableSendfile On #Listen 80 Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.load Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.conf Include /etc/apache2/ports.conf LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent Include /etc/apache2/conf.d/*.conf Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/*.conf Vhost of main site <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.example.com ## Vhost docroot DocumentRoot /srv/www/jenkins/Web ## Directories, there should at least be a declaration for /srv/www/jenkins/Web <Directory /srv/www/jenkins/Web> AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ## Load additional static includes ## Logging ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/www.example.com.error.log LogLevel warn ServerSignature Off CustomLog /var/log/apache2/www.example.com.access.log combined ## Rewrite rules RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.example.com$ RewriteRule ^.*$ http://www.example.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] ## Server aliases ServerAlias www.example.invalid ServerAlias example.com ## Custom fragment <Location /srv/www/jenkins/Web/library> Order Deny,Allow Deny from all </Location> <Files ~ "^\.(.+)"> Order deny,allow deny from all </Files> </VirtualHost>

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• "The server closed the connection without sending any data"

  - by Toby

  Server setup The problem Diagnostic information What I've tried Specific Help needed 1. I have the following server setup: Debian Squeeze Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 Apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.16-6+squeeze10 PHP 5.3.3-7+squeeze14 This server is protected with the Suhosin Patch 0.9.9.1 Max Requests Per Child: 0 - Keep Alive: on - Max Per Connection: 100 Timeouts Connection: 300 - Keep-Alive: 15 Loaded Modules core mod_log_config mod_logio prefork http_core mod_so mod_alias mod_auth_basic mod_auth_digest mod_authn_file mod_authz_default mod_authz_groupfile mod_authz_host mod_authz_user mod_cgi mod_deflate mod_dir mod_env mod_mime mod_negotiation mod_php5 mod_reqtimeout mod_rewrite mod_setenvif mod_ssl mod_status Wordpress 3.4.2 (Upgrading to 3.5 soon :) 2. The problem When I restart the server (sudo shutdown -r now), going to any website page results in the following error from the web browser (in this case, Google Chrome, but other browsers also show the same error). This error can also occur an hour or so after all is working ok, seemingly randomly, which is my biggest concern as it means my server is not reliable: No data received Unable to load the web page because the server sent no data. Here are some suggestions: Reload this web page later. Error 324 (net::ERR_EMPTY_RESPONSE): The server closed the connection without sending any data. 3. Diagnostic information The apache error log contains the folowing entries: [Fri Dec 14 22:23:27 2012] [notice] child pid 1955 exit signal Floating point exception (8) [Fri Dec 14 22:23:27 2012] [notice] child pid 1956 exit signal Floating point exception (8) [Fri Dec 14 22:23:29 2012] [notice] child pid 1957 exit signal Floating point exception (8) [Fri Dec 14 22:23:30 2012] [notice] child pid 1958 exit signal Floating point exception (8) [Fri Dec 14 22:23:32 2012] [notice] child pid 1959 exit signal Floating point exception (8) [Fri Dec 14 22:23:32 2012] [notice] child pid 1960 exit signal Floating point exception (8) [Fri Dec 14 22:23:34 2012] [notice] child pid 1961 exit signal Floating point exception (8) [Fri Dec 14 22:23:34 2012] [notice] child pid 1962 exit signal Floating point exception (8) 4. What I've tried a) I can 'fix' the website temporarily by resetting the server twice (resetting it once does not work) using the following commands. NB: the 'reload' option does not work, I have to use restart twice. However, the error can reoccur sometime later. sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart b) I have tried disabling suhosin by uninstalling php5-suhosin, but a php info page still shows "This server is protected with the Suhosin Patch 0.9.9.1". I have tried putting Suhosin into simulation mode by creating a file /etc/php5/apache2/conf.d/suhosin.ini containing: [suhosin] suhosin.simulation = On The php info page shows the suhosin.ini file in the list of "Additional .ini files parsed" but the php info page still shows "This server is protected with the Suhosin Patch 0.9.9.1" c) Increasing the PHP memory limit In /etc/php5/apache2/ : ; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (128MB) ; http://php.net/memory-limit memory_limit = 512M d) Disabling all Wordpress plugins, and going back to the default theme. 5. Specific help needed I would very much like help in debugging what is going on here. I am not sure how to determine what processes are in the Apache error log which are exiting "[notice] child pid 1955 exit signal Floating point exception (8)", or what is causing them to exit. And whether suhosin is part of the problem (and how to disable it if it is). Thank you in advance for any advice or tips you can offer in helping me debug this.

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• Apache SSL reverse proxy to a Embed Tomcat

  - by ggarcia24

  I'm trying to put in place a reverse proxy for an application that is running a tomcat embed server over SSL. The application needs to run over SSL on the port 9002 so I have no way of "disabling SSL" for this app. The current setup schema looks like this: [192.168.0.10:443 - Apache with mod_proxy] --> [192.168.0.10:9002 - Tomcat App] After googling on how to make such a setup (and testing) I came across this: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/openssl/+bug/861137 Which lead to make my current configuration (to try to emulate the --secure-protocol=sslv3 option of wget) /etc/apache2/sites/enabled/default-ssl: <VirtualHost _default_:443> SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key SSLProxyEngine On SSLProxyProtocol SSLv3 SSLProxyCipherSuite SSLv3 ProxyPass /test/ https://192.168.0.10:9002/ ProxyPassReverse /test/ https://192.168.0.10:9002/ LogLevel debug ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error-ssl.log CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access-ssl.log combined </VirtualHost> The thing is that the error log is showing error:14077102:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:unsupported protocol Complete request log: [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] mod_proxy.c(1020): Running scheme https handler (attempt 0) [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] mod_proxy_http.c(1973): proxy: HTTP: serving URL https://192.168.0.10:9002/ [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] proxy_util.c(2011): proxy: HTTPS: has acquired connection for (192.168.0.10) [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] proxy_util.c(2067): proxy: connecting https://192.168.0.10:9002/ to 192.168.0.10:9002 [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] proxy_util.c(2193): proxy: connected / to 192.168.0.10:9002 [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] proxy_util.c(2444): proxy: HTTPS: fam 2 socket created to connect to 192.168.0.10 [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] proxy_util.c(2576): proxy: HTTPS: connection complete to 192.168.0.10:9002 (192.168.0.10) [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [info] [client 192.168.0.10] Connection to child 0 established (server demo1agrubu01.demo.lab:443) [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [info] Seeding PRNG with 656 bytes of entropy [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1866): OpenSSL: Handshake: start [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1874): OpenSSL: Loop: before/connect initialization [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1874): OpenSSL: Loop: unknown state [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1897): OpenSSL: read 7/7 bytes from BIO#7f122800a100 [mem: 7f1230018f60] (BIO dump follows) [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1830): +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1869): | 0000: 15 03 01 00 02 02 50 ......P | [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1875): +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1903): OpenSSL: Exit: error in unknown state [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [info] [client 192.168.0.10] SSL Proxy connect failed [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [info] SSL Library Error: 336032002 error:14077102:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:unsupported protocol [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [info] [client 192.168.0.10] Connection closed to child 0 with abortive shutdown (server example1.domain.tld:443) [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [error] (502)Unknown error 502: proxy: pass request body failed to 172.31.4.13:9002 (192.168.0.10) [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [error] [client 192.168.0.10] proxy: Error during SSL Handshake with remote server returned by /dsfe/ [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [error] proxy: pass request body failed to 192.168.0.10:9002 (172.31.4.13) from 172.31.4.13 () [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] proxy_util.c(2029): proxy: HTTPS: has released connection for (172.31.4.13) [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1884): OpenSSL: Write: SSL negotiation finished successfully [Wed Mar 13 20:05:57 2013] [info] [client 192.168.0.10] Connection closed to child 6 with standard shutdown (server example1.domain.tld:443) If I do a wget --secure-protocol=sslv3 --no-check-certificate https://192.168.0.10:9002/ it works perfectly, but from apache is not working. I'm on an Ubuntu Server with the latest updates running apache2 with mod_proxy and mod_ssl enabled: ~$ cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS" ~# dpkg -s apache2 ... Version: 2.2.22-1ubuntu1.2 ... ~# dpkg -s openssl ... Version: 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.7 ... Hope that anyone may help

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• SQL Server 2000 and SSL Encryption

  - by Angry_IT_Guru

  We are a datacenter that hsots a SQL Server 2000 environment which provides database services for a product we sell that is loaded as a rich-client applicatin at each of our many clients and their workstations. Currently today, the application uses straight ODBC connections from the client site to our datacenter. We need to begin encrypting the credentials -- since everything is clear-text today and the authentication is weakly encrypted -- and I'm trying to determine the best way to implement SSL on the server with minimizing the impact of the client. A few things, however: 1) We have our own Windows domain and all our servers are joined to our private domain. Our clietns no nothing of our domain. 2) Typically, our clients connect to our datacenter servers either by: a) Using TCP/IP address b) Using a DNS name that we publish via internet, zone transfers from our DNS servers to our customers, or the client can add static HOSTS entries. 3) From what I understand from enabling encryption is that I can go to the Network Utility and select the "encryption" option for the protocol that I wish to encrypt. Such as TCP/IP. 4) When the encryption option is selected, I have a choice of installing a third-party certificate or a self-signed. I have tested the self-signed, but do have potential issues. I'll explain in a bit. If I go with a third-party cert, such as Verisign, or Network solutions... what kind of certificate do I request? These aren't IIS certificates? When I go create a self-signed via Microsoft's certificate server, I have to select "Authentication certificate". What does this translate to in the third-party world? 5) If I create a self-signed certificate, I understand that the "issue to" name has to match the FQDN for the server that is running SQL. In my case, I have to use my private domain name. If I use this, what does this do for my clients when trying to connect to my SQL Server? Surely they cannot resolve my private DNS names on their network.... I've also verified that when the self-signed certificate is installed, it has to be in the local personal store for the user account that is running SQL Server. SQL Server will only start if the FQDN matches the "issue to" of the certificate and SQL is running under the account that has the certificate installed. If I use a self-signed certificate, does this mean I have to have every one of my clients install it to verify? 6) If I used a third-party certificate, which sounds like the best option, do all my clients have to have internet access when accessing my private servers of their private WAN connection to use to verify the certificate? What do I do about the FQDN? It sounds like they have to use my private domain name -- which is not published -- and can no longer use the one that I setup for them to use? 7) I plan on upgrading to SQL 2000 soon. Is setup of SSL any easier/better with SQL 2005 than SQL 2000? Any help or guiadance would be appreciated

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• Set up lnux box for hosting a-z [apache mysql php ssl]

  - by microchasm

  I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP: To upgrade PHP to the latest version, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! cd /tmp #wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm #rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm #wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm #rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. [will list all packages available in the IUS repo] rpm -qa | grep php [will list installed packages needed to be removed. the installed packages need to be removed before you can install the IUS packages otherwise there will be conflicts] #yum shell >remove php-gd php-cli php-odbc php-mbstring php-pdo php php-xml php-common php-ldap php-mysql php-imap Setting up Remove Process >install php53 php53-mcrypt php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common php53-ldap php53-imap php53-devel >transaction solve >transaction run Leaving Shell #php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) This process removes the old version of PHP and installs the latest. To upgrade mysql: Pretty much the same process as above with PHP #/etc/init.d/mysqld stop [OK] rpm -qa | grep mysql [installed mysql packages] #yum shell >remove mysql mysql-server Setting up Remove Process >install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel >transaction solve >transaction run Leaving Shell #service mysqld start [OK] #mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to Configure Virtualhosts for SSL, setting up a CA, setting up SFTP with openSSH, or anything else would be appreciated.

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• How does the Cloud compare to Colocation? And development too

  - by David

  Currently I/we run a SaaS web application where each subscriber has their own physical instance of the application in addition to their own database. The setup has each web application instance deployed on two different IIS boxes both for load-balancing and redundancy (the machines have their Windows Update install times 12 hours apart, for example). Databases are mirrored on two different SQL Server 2012 machines with AlwaysOn for uptime. I don't make use of SQL Server clustering (as it doesn't provide storage-level failover: we don't have a shared storage box). Because it's a Windows setup it means there are two Domain Controllers (we cheat: they're both Mac Minis, 17W each, which keeps our colo power costs low). Finally there's also an Exchange server (Mailbox, Hub Transport and Client Access). One of the SQL Servers also doubles-up as an Exchange Hub Transport. Running costs are about $700 a month for our quarter-rack colocation (which includes power and peering/transfer), then there's about $150 a month for SPLA licensing, so $850 a month in total. Then there's the hard-to-quantify cost of administration, but I reckon I spend a couple of hours a week checking-in on the servers: reviewing event logs, etc. I keep getting bombarded by ads and manufactured news stories about how great "the cloud" is. Back in 2008 when the cloud was taking off I was reading up about the proper "cloud" services like Google AppEngine, where you write in Python against Google's API and that's how they scale your application across servers and also use their database provider for scaling storage. Simple enough to understand. Then came along Amazon, and I understand how Amazon Storage works, but I'm not sure how Amazon Compute works: web application pages don't take much CPU time to compute, how do you even quantify usage anyway? Finally, RackSpace gets in the act and now I'm really confused. RackSpace advertise "Cloud" SQL Server 2012 available for about "$0.70 per hour", going by how they advertise it I thought the "hour" meant the sum of CPU time, IO blocking time, maybe time spent transferring data, so for a low-intensity application that works out pretty cheap then? Nope. I went on to a Sales Chat window and spoke to one of their advisors. They told me the $0.70/hour was actually for every hour the SQL Server is running... but who wants a SQL Server for only a few hours? You're going to need it available 24 hours a day for months on end. $0.70 * 24 * 31 works out at $520 a month, which is rediculously expensive for SQL Server. An SPLA license for SQL Server is only $50 a month or so. That $520 a month does not include "fanatical support", and you also need to stack on top the costs of the host Windows server instance too. From what I can tell, Rackspace's "Cloud" products seem like like an cynical rebranding of an overpriced VPS service, but priced by the hour. I have the same confusion about Windows Azure which uses similar terms to describe the products available, but I think that's because Azure offers both traditional shared webhosting in addition to their own APIs you can target for scalable applications.

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• From Binary to Data Structures

  - by Cédric Menzi

  Table of Contents Introduction PE file format and COFF header COFF file header BaseCoffReader Byte4ByteCoffReader UnsafeCoffReader ManagedCoffReader Conclusion History This article is also available on CodeProject Introduction Sometimes, you want to parse well-formed binary data and bring it into your objects to do some dirty stuff with it. In the Windows world most data structures are stored in special binary format. Either we call a WinApi function or we want to read from special files like images, spool files, executables or may be the previously announced Outlook Personal Folders File. Most specifications for these files can be found on the MSDN Libarary: Open Specification In my example, we are going to get the COFF (Common Object File Format) file header from a PE (Portable Executable). The exact specification can be found here: PECOFF PE file format and COFF header Before we start we need to know how this file is formatted. The following figure shows an overview of the Microsoft PE executable format. Source: Microsoft Our goal is to get the PE header. As we can see, the image starts with a MS-DOS 2.0 header with is not important for us. From the documentation we can read "...After the MS DOS stub, at the file offset specified at offset 0x3c, is a 4-byte...". With this information we know our reader has to jump to location 0x3c and read the offset to the signature. The signature is always 4 bytes that ensures that the image is a PE file. The signature is: PE\0\0. To prove this we first seek to the offset 0x3c, read if the file consist the signature. So we need to declare some constants, because we do not want magic numbers.   private const int PeSignatureOffsetLocation = 0x3c; private const int PeSignatureSize = 4; private const string PeSignatureContent = "PE";   Then a method for moving the reader to the correct location to read the offset of signature. With this method we always move the underlining Stream of the BinaryReader to the start location of the PE signature.   private void SeekToPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // seek to the offset for the PE signagure br.BaseStream.Seek(PeSignatureOffsetLocation, SeekOrigin.Begin); // read the offset int offsetToPeSig = br.ReadInt32(); // seek to the start of the PE signature br.BaseStream.Seek(offsetToPeSig, SeekOrigin.Begin); }   Now, we can check if it is a valid PE image by reading of the next 4 byte contains the content PE.   private bool IsValidPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // read 4 bytes to get the PE signature byte[] peSigBytes = br.ReadBytes(PeSignatureSize); // convert it to a string and trim \0 at the end of the content string peContent = Encoding.Default.GetString(peSigBytes).TrimEnd('\0'); // check if PE is in the content return peContent.Equals(PeSignatureContent); }   With this basic functionality we have a good base reader class to try the different methods of parsing the COFF file header. COFF file header The COFF header has the following structure: Offset Size Field 0 2 Machine 2 2 NumberOfSections 4 4 TimeDateStamp 8 4 PointerToSymbolTable 12 4 NumberOfSymbols 16 2 SizeOfOptionalHeader 18 2 Characteristics If we translate this table to code, we get something like this:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public MachineType Machine; public ushort NumberOfSections; public uint TimeDateStamp; public uint PointerToSymbolTable; public uint NumberOfSymbols; public ushort SizeOfOptionalHeader; public Characteristic Characteristics; } BaseCoffReader All readers do the same thing, so we go to the patterns library in our head and see that Strategy pattern or Template method pattern is sticked out in the bookshelf. I have decided to take the template method pattern in this case, because the Parse() should handle the IO for all implementations and the concrete parsing should done in its derived classes.   public CoffHeader Parse() { using (var br = new BinaryReader(File.Open(_fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))) { SeekToPeSignature(br); if (!IsValidPeSignature(br)) { throw new BadImageFormatException(); } return ParseInternal(br); } } protected abstract CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br);   First we open the BinaryReader, seek to the PE signature then we check if it contains a valid PE signature and rest is done by the derived implementations. Byte4ByteCoffReader The first solution is using the BinaryReader. It is the general way to get the data. We only need to know which order, which data-type and its size. If we read byte for byte we could comment out the first line in the CoffHeader structure, because we have control about the order of the member assignment.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { CoffHeader coff = new CoffHeader(); coff.Machine = (MachineType)br.ReadInt16(); coff.NumberOfSections = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.TimeDateStamp = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.PointerToSymbolTable = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.NumberOfSymbols = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.SizeOfOptionalHeader = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.Characteristics = (Characteristic)br.ReadInt16(); return coff; }   If the structure is as short as the COFF header here and the specification will never changed, there is probably no reason to change the strategy. But if a data-type will be changed, a new member will be added or ordering of member will be changed the maintenance costs of this method are very high. UnsafeCoffReader Another way to bring the data into this structure is using a "magically" unsafe trick. As above, we know the layout and order of the data structure. Now, we need the StructLayout attribute, because we have to ensure that the .NET Runtime allocates the structure in the same order as it is specified in the source code. We also need to enable "Allow unsafe code (/unsafe)" in the project's build properties. Then we need to add the following constructor to the CoffHeader structure.   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { unsafe { fixed (byte* packet = &data[0]) { this = *(CoffHeader*)packet; } } } }   The "magic" trick is in the statement: this = *(CoffHeader*)packet;. What happens here? We have a fixed size of data somewhere in the memory and because a struct in C# is a value-type, the assignment operator = copies the whole data of the structure and not only the reference. To fill the structure with data, we need to pass the data as bytes into the CoffHeader structure. This can be achieved by reading the exact size of the structure from the PE file.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { return new CoffHeader(br.ReadBytes(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)))); }   This solution is the fastest way to parse the data and bring it into the structure, but it is unsafe and it could introduce some security and stability risks. ManagedCoffReader In this solution we are using the same approach of the structure assignment as above. But we need to replace the unsafe part in the constructor with the following managed part:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { IntPtr coffPtr = IntPtr.Zero; try { int size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)); coffPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size); Marshal.Copy(data, 0, coffPtr, size); this = (CoffHeader)Marshal.PtrToStructure(coffPtr, typeof(CoffHeader)); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(coffPtr); } } }     Conclusion We saw that we can parse well-formed binary data to our data structures using different approaches. The first is probably the clearest way, because we know each member and its size and ordering and we have control about the reading the data for each member. But if add member or the structure is going change by some reason, we need to change the reader. The two other solutions use the approach of the structure assignment. In the unsafe implementation we need to compile the project with the /unsafe option. We increase the performance, but we get some security risks.

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• Week in Geek: USDA Chooses Microsoft for Cloud Services Edition

  - by Asian Angel

  This week we learned how to create geeky LED holiday lights with old bottles, dig deeper in Windows Defrag via the command prompt, use Google Chrome’s drag/drop feature to upload files easier, find great gift recommendations by looking through the How-To Geek holiday gift guide, and have fun adding Merry Christmas fonts to our computers. Photo by ntr23. Random Geek Links It has been a busy week, so we have extra news link goodness with information that is good for you to know. USDA making the move to Microsoft The U.S. Department of Agriculture has announced that it has chosen Microsoft to host things like e-mail, instant messaging, and collaboration through the software giant’s Business Productivity Online Suite. Google says it was cut off from USDA project bid Google is claiming that it was not given a chance to bid on a cloud-computing project for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, for which the contract was awarded to rival Microsoft. Apache is being forced into a Java Fork When Oracle rolled over Apache and Google’s objections to its Java plans in December, the scene was set for Apache to leave and, eventually, force a Java code fork. Tumblr explains daylong outage After experiencing an outage that started on Sunday afternoon and stretched through most of the day yesterday, Tumblr has explained what happened. Google demos Chrome OS, launches pilot program During a press briefing this week in San Francisco, Google launched the Chrome application store and demonstrated Chrome OS, its browser-centric netbook operating system. Don’t expect Spotify in U.S. this holiday season As of last week, Spotify had yet to sign a single licensing deal with a major label, after spending more than a year negotiating, multiple music sources told CNET. December 2010 Patch Tuesday will come with most bulletins ever According to the Microsoft Security Response Center, Microsoft will issue 17 Security Bulletins addressing 40 vulnerabilities on Tuesday, December 14. It will also host a webcast to address customer questions the following day. Hacker plants back door in Symbian firmware Indian hacker Atul Alex has had a look at the firmware for Symbian S60 smartphones and come up with a back door for it. PC quarantines raise tough complexities The concept of quarantining PCs to prevent widespread infection is “interesting, but difficult to implement, with far too many problems”, said security experts. Symantec: DDoS attacks hard to defend It has surfaced that the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on Visa and MasterCard Web sites on Wednesday were carried out by a toolkit known as low orbit ion cannon (LOIC). Web Sockets and the risks of unfinished standards Enthusiasm for a promising new standard called Web Sockets has quickly cooled in some quarters as a potential security problem led some browser makers to hastily postpone support. Internet Explorer 9 to get tracking protection Microsoft is making changes to Internet Explorer 9’s security features that will better enable users to keep sites from tracking their activity across browsing sessions. NASA sold PCs with sensitive data NASA failed to remove sensitive data from computers that it sold, according to an audit report released this week. Cybercrooks create fake Amazon receipts The bad guys have created yet another online scam, this one involving fake Amazon receipts. World of Warcraft character move fees waived Until December 22, Blizzard will allow free realm transfers from 25 highly populated servers to alleviate log-in queues or performance issues. (The free transfers are one-way and one-time only.) SpaceX Dragon reaches orbit atop a Falcon with a fiery tail The Space Exploration Technologies corporation has become the first nongovernmental entity to put a vehicle into low Earth orbit. Geek Video of the Week If birds have wings, then why are the Angry Birds using slingshots? Photo by Dorkly Bits. Wait… Birds have Wings, Why are the Angry Ones Using Slingshots? Sysadmin Geek Tips How To Setup Email Alerts on Linux Using Gmail or SMTP Linux machines may require administrative intervention in countless ways, but without manually logging into them how would you know about it? Here’s how to setup emails to get notified when your machines want some tender love and attention. Random TinyHacker Links Red Panda Webcam Support Firefox and the Knoxville Zoo’s Red Panda program. Christmas Icons (Icons we like) Superb set of holiday icons by lgp85 at deviantArt. Download the .zip and use as .png or convert to .ico at Convertico.com or with tiny app Imagicon. Super User Questions Enjoy reading the great answers to this week’s popular questions from Super User Useful USB boot disks? DVD/CD burning .zip: is it more reliable, faster, longer lasting to burn a zip of files rather than the files as a folder? What are other ways to backup my files if I do not have an external drive? Anti virus what is the difference between these all? How can I block all Facebook elements/content? How-To Geek Weekly Article Recap Have you had a busy week between work and preparing for the holidays? Get caught up on your HTG reading with our hottest articles of the week. 20 Windows Keyboard Shortcuts You Might Not Know The 50 Best Registry Hacks that Make Windows Better LCD? LED? Plasma? The How-To Geek Guide to HDTV Technology HTG Explains: Which Linux File System Should You Choose? How to Use and Customize Google Chrome Web Apps One Year Ago on How-To Geek This week’s batch of retro geeky goodness is all about customizing Windows 7. ClassicShell Adds Classic Start Menu and Explorer Features to Windows 7 Get an Aero-Styled Classic Start Menu in Windows 7 Customize the Windows 7 Logon Screen Get the Classic Style Network Activity Indicator Back in Windows 7 How To Enable Check Boxes for Items In Windows 7 The Geek Note We would like you to join us in welcoming Jason Fitzpatrick to the writing staff here at How-To Geek. He started with us this past week, so take some time to read through his articles about the Wii, Kindle, & PlayStation 2 Peripherals and leave a friendly comment to say “Hi”! Got a great tip to share? Make sure to send it in to us at [email protected]. Photo by real00. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC The 50 Best Registry Hacks that Make Windows Better The How-To Geek Holiday Gift Guide (Geeky Stuff We Like) LCD? LED? Plasma? The How-To Geek Guide to HDTV Technology The How-To Geek Guide to Learning Photoshop, Part 8: Filters Improve Digital Photography by Calibrating Your Monitor Our Favorite Tech: What We’re Thankful For at How-To Geek Settle into Orbit with the Voyage Theme for Chrome and Iron Awesome Safari Compass Icons Set Escape from the Exploding Planet Wallpaper Move Your Tumblr Blog to WordPress Pytask is an Easy to Use To-Do List Manager for Your Ubuntu System Snowy Christmas House Personas Theme for Firefox

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• Week in Geek: New Security Flaw Confirmed for Internet Explorer Edition

  - by Asian Angel

  This week we learned how to use a PC to stay entertained while traveling for the holidays, create quality photo prints with free software, share links between any browser and any smartphone, create perfect Christmas photos using How-To Geek’s 10 best how-to photo guides, and had fun decorating Firefox with a collection of Holiday 2010 Personas themes. Photo by Repoort. Random Geek Links Photo by Asian Angel. Critical 0-Day Flaw Affects All Internet Explorer Versions, Microsoft Warns Microsoft has confirmed a zero-day vulnerability affecting all supported versions of Internet Explorer, including IE8, IE7 and IE6. Note: Article contains link to Microsoft Security Advisory detailing two work-arounds until a security update is released. Hackers targeting human rights, indie media groups Hackers are increasingly hitting the Web sites of human rights and independent media groups in an attempt to silence them, says a new study released this week by Harvard University’s Berkman Center for Internet & Society. OpenBSD: audits give no indication of back doors So far, the analyses of OpenBSD’s crypto and IPSec code have not provided any indication that the system contains back doors for listening to encrypted VPN connections. But the developers have already found two bugs during their current audits. Sophos: Beware Facebook’s new facial-recognition feature Facebook’s new facial recognition software might result in undesirable photos of users being circulated online, warned a security expert, who urged users to keep abreast with the social network’s privacy settings to prevent the abovementioned scenario from becoming a reality. Microsoft withdraws flawed Outlook update Microsoft has withdrawn update KB2412171 for Outlook 2007, released last Patch Tuesday, after a number of user complaints. Skype: Millions still without service Skype was still working to right itself going into the holiday weekend from a major outage that began this past Wednesday. Mozilla improves sync setup and WebGL in Firefox 4 beta 8 Firefox 4.0 beta 8 brings better support for WebGL and introduces an improved setup process for Firefox Sync that simplifies the steps for configuring the synchronization service across multiple devices. Chrome OS the litmus test for cloud The success or failure of Google’s browser-oriented Chrome OS will be the litmus test to decide if the cloud is capable of addressing user needs for content and services, according to a new Ovum report released Monday. FCC Net neutrality rules reach mobile apps The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) finally released its long-expected regulations on Thursday and the related explanations total a whopping 194 pages. One new item that was not previously disclosed: mobile wireless providers can’t block “applications that compete with the provider’s” own voice or video telephony services. KDE and the Document Foundation join Open Invention Network The KDE e.V. and the Document Foundation (TDF) have both joined the Open Invention Network (OIN) as licensees, expanding the organization’s roster of supporters. Report: SEC looks into Hurd’s ousting from HP The scandal surrounding Mark Hurd’s departure from the world’s largest technology company in August has officially drawn attention from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Report: Google requests delay of new Google TVs Google TV is apparently encountering a bit of static that has resulted in a programming change. Geek Video of the Week This week we have a double dose of geeky video goodness for you with the original Mac vs PC video and the trailer for the sequel. Photo courtesy of Peacer. Mac vs PC Photo courtesy of Peacer. Mac vs PC 2 Trailer Random TinyHacker Links Awesome Tools To Extract Audio From Video Here’s a list of really useful, and free tools to rip audio from videos. Getting Your iPhone Out of Recovery Mode Is your iPhone stuck in recovery mode? This tutorial will help you get it out of that state. Google Shared Spaces Quickly create a shared space and collaborate with friends online. McAfee Internet Security 2011 – Upgrade not worthy of a version change McAfee has released their 2011 version of security products. And as this review details, the upgrades are minimal when compared to their 2010 products. For more information, check out the review. 200 Countries Plotted Hans Rosling’s famous lectures combine enormous quantities of public data with a sport’s commentator’s style to reveal the story of the world’s past, present and future development. Now he explores stats in a way he has never done before – using augmented reality animation. Super User Questions Enjoy looking through this week’s batch of popular questions and answers from Super User. How to restore windows 7 to a known working state every time it boots? Is there an easy way to mass-transfer all files between two computers? Coffee spilled inside computer, damaged hard drive Computer does not boot after ram upgrade Keyboard not detected when trying to install Ubuntu 10.10 How-To Geek Weekly Article Recap Have you had a super busy week while preparing for the holiday weekend? Then here is your chance to get caught up on your reading with our five hottest articles for the week. Ask How-To Geek: Rescuing an Infected PC, Installing Bloat-free iTunes, and Taming a Crazy Trackpad How to Use the Avira Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC Eight Geektacular Christmas Projects for Your Day Off VirtualBox 4.0 Rocks Extensions and a Simplified GUI Ask the Readers: How Many Monitors Do You Use with Your Computer? One Year Ago on How-To Geek Here are more great articles from one year ago for you to read and enjoy during the holiday break. Enjoy Distraction-Free Writing with WriteMonkey Shutter is a State of Art Screenshot Tool for Ubuntu Get Hex & RGB Color Codes the Easy Way Find User Scripts for Your Favorite Websites the Easy Way Access Your Unsorted Bookmarks the Easy Way (Firefox) The Geek Note That “wraps” things up for this week and we hope that everyone enjoys the rest of their holiday break! Found a great tip during the break? Then be sure to send it in to us at [email protected]. Photo by ArSiSa7. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How to Use the Avira Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC The Complete List of iPad Tips, Tricks, and Tutorials Is Your Desktop Printer More Expensive Than Printing Services? 20 OS X Keyboard Shortcuts You Might Not Know HTG Explains: Which Linux File System Should You Choose? HTG Explains: Why Does Photo Paper Improve Print Quality? Simon’s Cat Explores the Christmas Tree! [Video] The Outdoor Lights Scene from National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation [Video] The Famous Home Alone Pizza Delivery Scene [Classic Video] Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader Theme for Windows 7 Cardinal and Rabbit Sharing a Tree on a Cold Winter Morning Wallpaper An Alternate Star Wars Christmas Special [Video]

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