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• How to send T.38 from a mac?

  - by Brian Postow

  I'm trying to set up a fax-server on a macintosh. I have Hylafax, and we're going to use an internet FOIP fax provider (Haven't decided who yet, that may be another question). The problem is how to get from Hylafax to T.38. I know of two options, but I'm not sure how to decide between them: T38modem Advantages: It's only one extra program, and i know that I can compile it for the Mac. (well, At least I can get the H323 version working on a Mac) Disadvantages: It is mostly undocumented and seems to be supported only by one guy in Russia. IAXModem/Asterisk Advantages: It's well known, and well supported. We can pay for support. It presumably does the T38 with SIP correctly, so we don't have to worry about it. Disadvantages: It's two separate programs. While I know how to get Asterisk on a mac, I'm not sure about IAXModem. (It's sourceforge, and linux, but compiling things for a mac isn't always straight forward...) It's also mostly undocumented. Do these seem like an accurate listing of the pros/cons? Anyone have any other suggestions? thanks.

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• How to enable Ipv6 on my ubunutu 11.04 virtual machine

  - by liv2hak

  I have installed 3 VM's on my PC.(Ubuntu 11.04).I want to setup an IPV6 network to review and test some of the IPV6 tools like NDPMonitor.(monitors ICMP messages of Neighbour Discovery Protocol.) IP v6 addresses are as follows. linux_router - fe80::a00:27ff:fed5:f7e9/64 labhack1 - fe80::a00:27ff:fed2:8bd1/64 labhack2 - fe80::a00:27ff:fed7:2f2d/64 The below commands have been run on both linux_router and labhack1. sudo ip r a 2001:468:181:f100::/64 dev eth0 sudo vim /etc/radvd.conf /file looks like below./ interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; /*means that we are sending out advertisments.*/ MinRtrAdvInterval 5; /*these options control how often advertisments are sent*/ MaxRtrAdvInterval 15; /*these are not mandatory but valueable settings.*/ prefix fe80::a00:27ff::/64 { AdvOnLink on; /*Says to the host everyone sharing this prefix is on the sam local link as you.*/ AdvAutonomous on; /*Says to a host: "Use this prefix to autoconfigure your address"*/ }; }; sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1 I try to do a ping6 -I eth0 fe80::a00:27ff:fed5:f7e9 I get Destination unreachable: Address unreachable.I am not sure what I am doing wrong here.I am a beginner at linux administration.Basically I think I am missing whatever is analogous to physically connecting VM's.Any help that would point me in the right direction would be greatly appreciated.

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• How is Apache still working?

  - by PJ

  Recently, I decided to set up a local development environment for my work projects. I'm a PHP developer, with just enough knowledge of Linux and Apache to break things mightily. To get the local environment looking like my work environment, I had to upgrade PHP. When I did, Apache wouldn't restart. I decided I wanted to start fresh (this is where things went wrong) and that I'd reinstall Apache and PHP using MacPorts. So, I went through and tried to delete all the Apache files. Yup. I ran locate apache2 and deleted any folders that looked important. (I know, I know) Then I did a /usr/libexec/locate.updatedb to make sure everything was up to date. I even restarted my machine, just to make sure. The issue is, http://localhost still works. As does an alias I set up, http://butler. Shouldn't they not work? Now that I'm this far in, are there any tips for how to completely remove Apache so I can start over? Worst case, I have a timemachine backup, so I can always just restore that... Thanks in advance.

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• What does a DHCP-client consider to be the "best" answer?

  - by Nils

  We have training rooms where normally Windows XP is installed (via PXE). The "normal" DNS/DHCP infrastructure are Windows-Servers. The training room has its own VLAN (different from the Windows servers), so there is most propably an IP helper for DHCP requests active on the Cisco router where all PCs from that room are connected to. Now we wanted to convert some of the PCs to Linux instead. The idea was: Put our own Laptop with a DHCP server into the VLAN of the room and override the "normal" DHCP response. The idea was that this should work, since a directly attached DHCP server in that VLAN should have a faster response-time than the "normal" DHCP server located some hops away from that VLAN. It turned out that this did not work. We had to manually release the lease on the original DHCP server to get it working. On the Laptop we did see the client requesting the IP and "our" dhcp was sending NACKs to the Windows IP request, before that we did offer our own response. Old Question: Why did this not work out as expected? What is making the PC regain its old lease? Update 2012-08-08: The regain-issue has been explained in the DHCP-RFC. Now this explains why the PC regains its old lease. Now we do release the IP from the Windows-DHCP-server before giving it another try. Again - the Windows-DHCP-server wins. I suspect that there is some algorithm for the dhcp-client which determines the "best" dhcp-answer for the client. The new question is: How does the client choose the "best" answer?

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 RAS VPN: access server on internal interface ip

  - by Mathias

  short question: I'm usually a linux admin but need to setup a Win2k8 R2 server for a student project. The server is running as VM on a root server and has a public internet IP assigned. Additionally I need a VPN server to access some services running on the server. I managed to set up a working VPN gateway via the Routing and RAS service which assigns clients an IP in the private subnet 192.168.88.0/24 with the Interface "Internal" listening on 192.168.88.1. Additionally I set up the external interface as NAT interface. So I can connect to the VPN server, get an IP assigned and the server additionally does NAT and I can access the internet over the VPN connection. The only thing I additionally need, is that I can access the server itself over that internal IP (e.g. client 192.168.88.2, server 192.168.88.1) as I want to access some services which I don't like to expose to the internet and restrict them to connected VPN clients. Does anybody have a hint, which configuration I'm missing here to be able to access the server over the VPN connection? EDIT: VPN clients get assigned the IP from the private subnet with subnetmask 255.255.255.255, I guess that might be the reason I can't access the server on the private IP address although it's in the same network range. Any ideas how to change this? I defined a static address pool in the Routing and RAS service, but I can't change the netmask there. EDIT2: I can't access the server from the client, but I can fully access the client from the server (ping, HTTP). I guess it has to do with firewall configuration. Thanks in advance, Mathias

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• multiple ssh aliases is selecting wrong user when forwarding

  - by Chris Beck

  I'm following the dual identity procedure for bitbucket: I have 2 bitbucket accounts ccmcbeck and chrisbeck. The former is personal, the latter is work. On my local Mac, I have this in my ~/.ssh/config Host *.work.com User chris ForwardAgent yes IdentityFile ~/.ssh/work_dsa Host bitbucket-personal HostName bitbucket.org User ccmcbeck ForwardAgent no IdentityFile ~/.ssh/bitbucket_ccmcbeck_rsa Host bitbucket-work HostName bitbucket.org User chrisbeck ForwardAgent no IdentityFile ~/.ssh/bitbucket_chrisbeck_rsa On my local Mac I ssh -T all is good, I get: $ ssh -T git@bitbucket-personal logged in as ccmcbeck. $ ssh -T git@bitbucket-work logged in as chrisbeck. On my local Mac, the ssh version is OpenSSH_6.2p2, OSSLShim 0.9.8r 8 Dec 2011 When I ssh foo.work.com to my Linux box, I get: $ ssh-add -l 1024 ... /Users/chris/.ssh/work_dsa (DSA) 2048 ... /Users/chris/.ssh/bitbucket_ccmcbeck_rsa (RSA) 2048 ... /Users/chris/.ssh/bitbucket_chrisbeck_rsa (RSA) On foo.work.com, I also have this in my ~/.ssh/config Host bitbucket-personal HostName bitbucket.org User ccmcbeck ForwardAgent no IdentityFile ~/.ssh/bitbucket_ccmcbeck_rsa Host bitbucket-work HostName bitbucket.org User chrisbeck ForwardAgent no IdentityFile ~/.ssh/bitbucket_chrisbeck_rsa However, on foo.work.com when I ssh -T, it references the wrong User for git@bitbucket-work $ ssh -T git@bitbucket-personal logged in as ccmcbeck. $ ssh -T git@bitbucket-work logged in as ccmcbeck. On foo.work.com, the ssh version is OpenSSH_4.3p2, OpenSSL 0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 01 Jul 2008 Why is my configuration causing foo.work.com to reference the wrong User?

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• Debugging a Drobo that chokes Windows 7x64 When Plugged In

  - by Pridkett

  I've had a love hate relationship with my Drobo for a long time. After two years of using it on a Linux box, I moved it over to a Windows 7 machine where it seemed to work just fine for a long time, but it was under very light usage. Mainly backups that never actually happened. Recently I began using it for additional backup services (through CrashPlan, which is great). This means the Drobo gets a lot more usage. Also it means that something interesting happens, the Drobo can choke my system on startup. Here's what I mean: Start computer without Drobo plugged in, CrashPlan and Drobo Dashboard services disabled: 105s Start computer with Drobo plugged in Crashplan disabled, Drobo Dashboard enabled: 250s (and 1 cpu at 100% for a very long time, drobo churning) Start computer with Drobo plugged in, CrashPlan and Drobo Dashboard disabled: 250s (1 cpu at 100% for a very long time, drobo churning) Start computer with Drobo plugged in, Crashplan and Drobo Dashboard enabled: 300s (1 cpu at 100% for a very long time, drobo churning) If I yank the USB plug on the Drobo the CPU usage goes down to nothing very quickly. The slow startup in the fourth scenario is because CrashPlan is trying desperately to load stuff up on the H: drive before it gives up, so I've disabled it for the time being. So here's my question: What the heck is going on when I plug the drobo in? I've fired up Process Explorer and see that the System process is hogging the CPU, specifically it's an ntoskrnl.exe/KdPollBreakIn thread that's going ape. Is this something that's wrong with Drobo? Windows? Any idea on how to find out? If it matters, here's tech info: Athlon 64x2 4400, 2GB RAM, Win7 Ultimate, Drobo USB (2x1TB, 2x320GB)

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 RAS VPN: access server on internal interface ip

  - by Mathias

  Hey, short question: I'm usually a linux admin but need to setup a Win2k8 R2 server for a student project. The server is running as VM on a root server and has a public internet IP assigned. Additionally I need a VPN server to access some services running on the server. I managed to set up a working VPN gateway via the Routing and RAS service which assigns clients an IP in the private subnet 192.168.88.0/24 with the Interface "Internal" listening on 192.168.88.1. Additionally I set up the external interface as NAT interface. So I can connect to the VPN server, get an IP assigned and the server additionally does NAT and I can access the internet over the VPN connection. The only thing I additionally need, is that I can access the server itself over that internal IP (e.g. client 192.168.88.2, server 192.168.88.1) as I want to access some services which I don't like to expose to the internet and restrict them to connected VPN clients. Does anybody have a hint, which configuration I'm missing here to be able to access the server over the VPN connection? EDIT: VPN clients get assigned the IP from the private subnet with subnetmask 255.255.255.255, I guess that might be the reason I can't access the server on the private IP address although it's in the same network range. Any ideas how to change this? I defined a static address pool in the Routing and RAS service, but I can't change the netmask there. EDIT2: I can't access the server from the client, but I can fully access the client from the server (ping, HTTP). I guess it has to do with firewall configuration. Thanks in advance, Mathias

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• URL sniffer/downloader

  - by Ricket

  Some websites have Flash content that plays music or videos. Most of the time they don't show you the URL of these music or videos, but for example, you can sniff a YouTube webpage and find the flv file that YouTube is actually requesting and playing. Right now I'm using Orbit Downloader, which has a feature called Grab++ that does just this; you start it, and then you refresh the page, and it shows you all files of certain types (image, audio, video) that the webpage requests, and then you can select one or more and download and it downloads them. But, I don't like Orbit, it installs plugins and has the whole download manager thing which I don't really want. What is a good alternative program? I'm not looking for websites like kickyoutube.com, I want a URL sniffer I guess. HTTPGuideDog used to be my Firefox add-on that did exactly this, but it hasn't been updated even to FF3 (and yes I know I can hack it to load anyway, I'm looking for something natively available preferably). I vaguely know of WireShark but last time I used it, I believe it captures individual packets, which is a little too fine-tuned for me. I just want to be able to see what's happening, and download something that the webpage downloaded. Oh, and I'm using Windows 7. Linux probably has some fancy command-line tool, but it just won't cut it for me. :-\ Edit: Oh, and something free please. Feel free to mention paid solutions though.

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• Best way to 'harden' embedded ext4 file server against unexpected loss of power?

  - by Jeremy Friesner

  Hi all, First, a little background: my company makes an audio streaming device that is a headless, rack-mounted Linux box with a couple of SSDs attached. Each SSD is formatted with ext4. The users can connect to the system using Samba/CIFS to upload new audio files or access existing ones. There is also custom software for streaming out audio over the network. This is all fine. The only problem is that the users are audio people, not computer people, and see the system as a 'black box', not as a computer. Which means that at the end of the day, they aren't going to ssh in to the box and enter "/sbin/shutdown -h"; they are just going to cut power to the rack and leave, and expect things to still work properly the next day. Since ext4 has journalling, journal checksumming, etc, this mostly works. The only time it doesn't work is when someone uploads a new file via Samba and then cuts power to the system before the uploaded data has been fully flushed to the disk. In that case, they come in the next day and find that their new file has been truncated or is missing entirely, and are unhappy. My question is, what is the best way to avoid this problem? Is there a way to get smbd to call "sync" at the end of every upload? (Performance on uploads isn't so important, since they only happen occasionally). Or is there a way to tell ext4 to automatically flush within a few seconds of any change to a file? (Again, performance can be sacrificed for safety here) Should I set a particular write-ordering mode, activate barriers, etc?

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• Setting up Apache with multiple virtual host when using Plone 4.1

  - by Shaun Owens

  I have a Plone server running on CentOS, I have multiple instances of Plone running 4.0 and 4.1, I also have multiple sites. I am new to linux and haveing problems getting Apache to work with multiple virtuale hosts. The first host listed works just fine but the second host does not. I get the following error message when I start HTTPD: Starting httpd: [Mon Nov 07 14:38:31 2011] [warn] VirtualHost ordevel3.ucdavis.edu:80 overlaps with VirtualHost ordevel4.ucdavis.edu:80, the first has precedence, perhaps you need a NameVirtualHost directive. What am I missing to get the virtual hosts to work correctly? Below in my syntax in httpd.conf. <VirtualHost ordevel3.abc.edu:80> ServerAlias ordevel3.abc.edu ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerSignature On <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On # serving icons from apache 2 server RewriteRule ^/icons/ - [L] RewriteRule ^/(.*) \ http://localhost:8080/VirtualHostBase/http/%{SERVER_NAME}:80/itsdevel3/VirtualHostRoot/$1 [L,P] </IfModule> <IfModule mod_proxy.c> ProxyVia On # prevent the webserver from beeing used as proxy <LocationMatch "^[^/]"> Deny from all </LocationMatch> </IfModule> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost ordevel4.abc.edu:80> ServerAlias ordevel4.abc.edu ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerSignature On <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On # serving icons from apache 2 server RewriteRule ^/icons/ - [L] RewriteRule ^/(.*) \ http://localhost:8180/VirtualHostBase/http/%{SERVER_NAME}:80/ITS/VirtualHostRoot/$1 [L,P] </IfModule> <IfModule mod_proxy.c> ProxyVia On # prevent the webserver from beeing used as proxy <LocationMatch "^[^/]"> Deny from all </LocationMatch> </IfModule> </VirtualHost>

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• Why are SMART error rates going down?

  - by Jeff Shattock

  I have a hard drive that's part of a Linux software raid5 array. SMART has reported that its multi_zone_error_rate was 0, then 1, then 3. So I figured I better start backing up more frequently and prepare to replace the drive. Now, today, the multi_zone_error_rate of that very same drive is back down to 1. It seems that 2 errors unhappened while I wasn't looking. I've also seen simliar behaviour by inspecting the syslog on the server. Jun 7 21:01:17 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sdc, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 200 to 100 Jun 7 21:01:17 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sde, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 200 to 100 Jun 7 21:01:18 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sdg, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 200 to 100 Jun 8 02:31:18 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sdg, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 100 to 200 Jun 8 03:01:17 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sdc, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 100 to 200 Jun 8 03:01:17 FS1 smartd[25593]: Device: /dev/sde, SMART Usage Attribute: 7 Seek_Error_Rate changed from 100 to 200 These are raw values, not the human-useful values that smartctl -a produces, but the behaviour is similar: error rates changing, then undoing the change. None of these are the drive that had the multi_zone weirdness. I haven't seen any problems from the RAID; its most recent scrub ( < 24 hours ago) came back totally clean. The only thing I can think of is that the SMART reporting circuitry on the drive isn't working properly all the time. The cables are in tight on the drive and board. What's going on here?

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• Cause of slow download speed on a particular EC2 instance?

  - by James

  I have a networking issue I'm trying to solve. I have two EC2 instances, same zone, same type. On one of the two EC2 instances (the 'bad' instance), the download speed is really poor (200k/s), while on the other (the 'good' instance), the download speed is fine, comfortable at 30M/s +). To clarify, I'm talking about downloading files to the EC2 instance while ssh'd into the server, e.g running wget with a large file. I've tried different files, including S3 objects and a large linux ISO from elsewhere. Running ethtool eth0 only returns 'Link detected: yes' for both. When running ifconfig, both return the same for most part, aside from how the good instance shows no error packets yet the bad instance shows many: UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:168372370 errors:5075643 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:122116480 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 Both servers are configured the same, at least were supposed to be. How can I go about diagnosing the cause for the slow download speed? Is there anything particular to EC2 instances that could cause this? Having trouble knowing where to start. Thanks for any help!

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• Multicast image restoration with adaptive speed

  - by Clinton Blackmore

  I'm curious to know if there are any tools for restoring disk images (or even transferring files) via multicast -- for any platform, especially if the project has source available -- where the multicast rate adjusts itself on the fly. On the Mac, all multicast solutions I am aware of (such as Deploy Studio, and NetRestore before it) make use of multicast ASR (apple software restore), which has one glaring deficiency -- you have to set the multicast speed before you start sending a disk image over the network, and that speed is locked in. Either your clients can keep up and restore, or they can't*. It seems to me that it must be possible for the multicast server to adjust the data rate, so you basically say "start sending this image", clients connect, and, if they can't keep up, they tell the server so it slows down. (Likewise, I'd expect the server to try speeding up if no client is having difficulties keeping up, and I'd expect to be able to cap that maximum throughput so that other network activities can go on without being resource starved.) So, what sort of tools are out there? For Linux? Windows? Is there something for the Mac I've overlooked. [It just kills me that it is true that, by the time you get multicast up and going at a good speed to restore a lab, you could've unicasted the data to all the computers and be done.] * There is a little leeway involved. I think individual clients can say, "I missed a little bit of data" and get it, and they can opt to listen in the next time the image is sent over the network, but on the whole, if they missed it the first go round, you have to image the machine again, and there is no time savings.

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• How to get a higher resolution on Ubuntu 11.04 using an intel chipset

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a bit slow PC here, so I decided to put Ubuntu 11.04 on it. It use to run Windows Vista on a resolution of 1280x1024, so both my hardware and monitor support it. Now I'm on Ubuntu, but can only run 1024x768, and the screen is not that bright. Its like when you don't have the right drivers on a Windows machine. Now i'm new to linux, so I do not know what do do. I have an onboard Intel chipset i965. Maybe this is some useful information, I read something about it on a forum: lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82G33/G31/P35/P31 Express DRAM Controller (rev 02) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82G33/G31 Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 02) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 01) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 01) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 2 (rev 01) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01) 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01) 00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 01) 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev e1) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) IDE Controller (rev 01) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation N10/ICH7 Family SATA IDE Controller (rev 01) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family SMBus Controller (rev 01) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 01) 03:03.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6306/7/8 [Fire II(M)] IEEE 1394 OHCI Controller (rev c0) Can someone please tell me how I can get the screen better? saif@sodium:~$ xrandr Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 4096 x 4096 VGA1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm 1024x768 60.0* 800x600 60.3 56.2 848x480 60.0 640x480 59.9

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• Need to boot into chkdsk from USB on Windows netbook

  - by Gaz Davidson

  While attempting to install Ubuntu on a 32-bit Windows XP netbook, the partition resize operation failed due to inconsistencies in the NTFS filesystem (lesson learned: run chkdsk /f in Windows before trying to resize a partition in Linux). Now the installer only gives the option to replace Windows with Ubuntu, the partition can't be resized in gparted, which displays a red exclamation mark and an error log when you click it. To make matters worse, we're also unable to reboot into Windows to get at chkdsk. We get a BSoD when choosing any of the options (including the DOS recovery console thing). The netbook has no CD-ROM drive, contains no recovery image and our only connection to the Internet is via the hotspot on my mobile device. We don't have Windows recovery CDs, but we do have a USB flash drive. We have a 64-bit laptop running Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 (both 64-bit). So, on to the question: Is anyone aware of a way to get into a DOS recovery console and run chkdsk from a USB disk drive, without having to pirate Windows XP or download hundreds and hundreds of megabytes of crap? If it was my device I'd just flatten it, but it isn't. Please help!

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• Online resizing of kvm guest root filesystem?

  - by Bittrance

  I have a Linux guest that uses an LVM volume directly as root file system (that is, there is no partition table). libvirt config looks thus: <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.4.0'>hvm</type> <kernel>/boot/vmlinuz-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64</kernel> <initrd>/boot/initramfs-X.Y.Z.el6.x86_64.img</initrd> <cmdline>console=ttyS0 root=/dev/vda</cmdline> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <disk type='block' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none' io='native'/> <source dev='/dev/vg/guest'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> From inside the guest: $ mount /dev/vda on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) Is it possible to resize the guest's root partition without rebooting the guest? Just doing lvextend on the host and resize2fs from the guest does not seem to be enough.

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• How should I manage VPS email?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have been slowly learning how to run a linux VPS for a while now. Since I build websites I'm confident with running and securing a web server like nginx... or at least there haven't been any casualties yet. However, email scares me. Almost all websites require email to communicate with users. Most of the time email is only needed on my sites during registration as a means of verification. I hardly ever need to accept incoming mail back. Nevertheless, my lack off understanding of how email servers can be abused is worrying me. Not only do you need to secure email servers - you also have to prove to the world that your emails are legit and constantly fight against being blacklisted. Insuring my emails 'good name' is not something I want to devote my life too. What should someone like me do to send emails from my VPS? Should I look for a company to send email through that can worry about this for me? Should I just use google apps until my sites are large enough to worry about? Or is all this just ignorant fear and running your own email server (that actually works) really is easy?

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• How should I monitor memory usage/performance in SunOS/Solaris?

  - by exhuma

  Last week we decided to add some SunOS (uname -a = SunOS bbs-sam-belair 5.10 Generic_127128-11 i86pc i386 i86pc) machines into our running munin instance. First off, the machines are pre-configured appliances, so, I want to avoid touching the system too much without supervision of the service provider. But adding it to munin was fairly easy by writing a small socket-service (if anyone is interested, I put it up on github: https://github.com/munin-monitoring/contrib/tree/master/tools/pypmmn) Yesterday, I implemented/adapted the required plugins for our machines. And here the questions start: First, I have not found a way to determine detailed memory usage values. I get the total memory by running prtconf | grep Memory, and the free memory using vmstat. Fiddling together a munin-plugin, gives me the following graph: This is pretty much uninformative. Compare this to the default plugin for linux nodes which has a lot more detail: Most importantly, this shows me how much memory is actually used by applications. So, first question: Is it possible to get detailed memory information on SunOS with the default system tools (i.e. not using top)? Onto the next puzzle: Seeing the graphs, I noticed activity in the "Paging in/out" graphs, even though the memory graph still has unused memory: Upon further investigation, I found out that df reports that /tmp is mounted on swap. Drilling around on the web, I understood that df will display swap, but in fact, it's mounted as a tmpfs. Now I don't know if this explains the swap activity. The default munin-plugin for solaris uses kstat -p -c misc -m cpu_stat to get these values. I find it already strange that this is using the cpu_stat module. So maybe I simply misinterpret the "paging" graphs? Second question: Do the paging graphs indicate that parts of the memory are paged to disk? Or is the activity caused by file operations in /tmp?

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• Redirect specific domains with DNS

  - by user66377

  Currently we filter internet content using OpenDNS, our internal Windows DC/DNS servers point to the router's DNS, which then points to the OpenDNS servers. This works well to block all computer's on the network equally. New issue. We now need to separate what computers can go to what sites. So facebook is blocked for everyone right now, but I need to open it up to the 3 community computers now. The 3 community computers will be on an untrusted network seperate from the company computers so they can have their own DNS server, from their own router. The issue is though they still must connect to the internet using the same IP address. So OpenDNS sees the same IP and blocks them the same way. We are looking into getting a second IP, but it's not likely an option without going up to the next major level with our ISP which we don't want to do. My thought is this. Can I setup a DNS server on the untrusted network, and then depending on the request that comes in, have it send it to either OpenDNS or our ISP's DNS? Example www.facebook.com and www.youtube.com are both on the OpenDNS blacklist. So if they go to www.youtube.com, the local DNS server goes to the ISP's DNS to get the IP and thus the client gets the right IP and can go to the site. This would be manually entered for each allowed site thus creating a white list. Then if they go to www.facebook.com, since the local DNS server does not find an entry, it sends the request to OpenDNS, which then sees the site is on the blacklist, and thus sends the it's blocked webpage. The local DNS server can be either Bind on Linux or MS DNS on Window 2008. If this can be done, can you give some direction as well as I've never setup a DNS such as this before. Thanks

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• How to get multipath working for Ubuntu Server 12.04

  - by mlampi

  I'm working on a project which aims to make use of Ubuntu servers running on enterprise class hardware. In our case that means IBM HS23E blade servers, QLogic 4GB fibre channel extension cards and quite old IBM DS4500 disk array with two controllers. At the moment we have fibre channel as only boot option and Ubuntu Server 12.04 installed just fine and is able to boot without multipath. I'm not a linux professional myself but in our team we have people who will understand the technical stuff. Don't let my post confuse :) The current situation is that we have only one fibre channel connection to a single disk array controller. Real life case would be of course quite different. At minimum we should have two fibre channel ports connected to two different switches and two different controllers. However, we have no idea how to set up multipath tool. Is the DM-MPIO the right software? At minimum we should be able to boot when multiple connections are available and achieve fault tolerance when any of them should be down. Since the disk array is not the latest hardware, I managed to find RDAC driver sources only for 2.6.x kernel. And we have 3.2.x. Another issue is to build a multipath.conf. The said driver sources are from IBM support and the QLogic drivers provided to Ubuntu installer are from Ubuntu site. It seems that RHEL and SLES would have near out of the box support but that is not an option for our project. Actual questions: - What is the recommended software tool for multipath for Ubuntu Server 12.04? - Is there available pre-made configurations or templates? Does it require disk array / controller specific settings or do a more generic config work? - Do you have expriences on similar setup and like to share the knowledge? I'll provide you with any additional information you might require. Thanks in advance.

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• Mac and L2TP VPN no problems, xp, vista and 7 no go :s

  - by The_cobra666

  Hi all, I've got some weird problem and I'm out off options. The situation: When connecting from my mac to the VPN server (Windows Server 2003 R2) with L2TP PSK, everything works like it should. However, when I connect from a Windows PC, nothing happens. it spits out error 809 and sometimes 789. Now I know that my ports are OK, since the mac can connect without any problems. It's the same for: XP, Vista SP2 and 7. None can connect. If I connect to the VPN server directly (to the internal IP instead of WAN from the router), it connect's without a problem. Connecting using PPTP works... now if only L2TP would work thank you very much Windows! I have checked the counters on my linux router with iptables -L -nv and they do not raise when connecting. Not on ACCEPT and not on DROP. Only when connecting from the mac. I've found the guide from Microsoft to enable: AssumeUDPEncapsulationContextOnSendRule in the registery. I have set it to "2", on the server and client. Still no go. After that registery key it started giving me error 789 instead of 809. The IPSEC services are running on the client and server. Is there anyone that ppleease can help me with this! I've been working on this for 2 days and I'm out of options. Thanks!

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• IIS FTP 7.5 Data Channel Problem (SSL)

  - by user59050

  Hey there I wonder if anyone can get me in the right direction. I am setting up both a FTPS Client and Server, FTPS Server using Microsoft’s iis FTP 7.5. On the client side it will be running on Linux and I am using M2crypto for the openssl wrapping (python). I am worried the problem is on the server side (iis7.5) due to the following discovery : If I host using Filezilla with BOTH the control and data channel being forced to be encrypted it works 100% (100% file transmission), if i use iis as the server everything works up to the point when the data channel takes over... i.e. all data of the retrieved file is already received correctly in my basket! The ftp server just won't send the final '226 Transfer complete.' on the cmd socket. Why? If i force the client or server to close the connection the file is 100% intact....If i use iis 7.5 with forced encryption on control channel all works 100% as long as i don’t force data channel... Here are some screenshots to demo this... Client View after Kill Client : pics @ http://forums.iis.net/p/1172936/1960994.aspx#1960994 Summary : We can establish the connection, do directory listings, start the upload, see the file (0bytes) created on the server but then the client hangs. If we terminate the client, the uploaded file on the server suddenly jumps up to full size.

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• Replicated MongoDB server slower than simple shards

  - by displayName

  I tried to compare the performance of a sharded configuration against a sharded and replicated configuration. The sharded configuration consists of 8 shards each running on three different machines thereby constituting a total of 24 shards. All 8 of these shards run in the same partition on each machine. The sharded and replicated version is 8 shards again just like plain sharding, and all 8 mongods run on the same partition in each machine. But apart from this, each of these three machine now run additional 16 threads on another partition which serve as the secondary for the 8 mongods running on other machines. This is the way I prepared a sharded and replicated configuration with data chunks having replication factor of 3. Important point to note is that once the data has been loaded, it is not modified. So after primary and secondaries have synchronized then it doesn't matter which one i read from. To run the queries, I use an entirely different machine (let's call it config) which runs mongos and this machine's only purpose is to receive queries and run them on the cluster. Contrary to my expectations, plain sharding of 8 threads on each machine (total = 3 * 8 = 24) is performing better for queries than the sharded + replicated configuration. I have a script written to perform the query. So in order to time the scripts, I use time ./testScript and see the result. I tried changing the reading preference for replicated cluster by logging to mongo of config and run db.getMongo().setReadPref('secondary') and then exit the shell and run the queries like time ./testScript. The questions are: Where am i going wrong in the replication? Why is it slower than its plain sharding version? Does the db.getMongo().ReadPref('secondary') persist when i leave the shell and try to perform the query? All the four machines are running Linux and i have already increased the ulimit -n to 2048 from initial value of 1024 to allow more connections. The collections are properly distributed and all the mongods have equal number of chunks. Goes without saying that indices in both configurations are the same.

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• Microsoft Windows DHCP: Steering IPv4 clients into specific scopes based on MAC

  - by Easter Sunshine

  We have visitors on our campus who bring their own laptops and devices and use our wireless and wired networks. When we receive a copyright infringement notice (typically BitTorrenting), we are required to quarantine that MAC address so that it no longer has Internet access. No matter what website it tries to visit, it is sent to a web page explaining to the user that the device has been quarantined. We have thus far implemented this in ISC DHCP on Linux. We have multiple VLANs with one or more public-IP subnets and one RFC1918 quarantine subnet each. All clients are leased IPs in the public-IP subnet(s) unless you're in a list of known bad MACs. Then, you are sent to the quarantine subnet so that your traffic is unroutable on the Internet (you are isolated by subnet only, not by VLAN). We would like to move to Windows DHCP in light of the IPAM role but I cannot figure out how to replicate this in Windows DHCP 2012 (Assign DHCP IPs for specific MAC prefixes on Windows Server 2008 R2 suggests it was not possible in 2008 R2), even while using policies. So here's what I'd like: The administrator/help desk provides and maintains a list of MAC addresses that are to be quarantined. The DHCP server places those MACs into the quarantine subnet on the respective VLAN, no matter which VLAN the client is in. I don't think reservations would work: We currently have about 300 registered bad MACs and about 12 VLANs. I don't want to make 300 x 12 reservations nor have to add 12 reservations per new MAC address. Not to mention all of the quarantine subnets are /24s. We do not have NPS/NAC. You do not have to register your MAC address get network access. We use Cisco routers/switches. Thanks.

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