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• How hard programming is? Really. [closed]

  - by Bubba88

  Hi! The question is about your perception of programming activity. How hard/exacting this task is? There is much buzz about programming nowadays, people say that programmers are smart, very technical and abstract at a time, know much about world, psychology etc.. They say, that programmers got really powerful brain thing, cause there is much to keep in consideration simultaneously again with much information folded into each other associatively (up 10 levels of folding they say))) Still, there are some terms to specify at our own.. So that is the question: What do you think about programming in general? Is it hard? Is it 'for everyone' or for the particular kind of people only? How much non-CS background do you need to program (just to program, really; enterprise applications for example)? How long is the learning curve? (again, for programming in general) And another bunch of random questions: - If you were not to like/love programming, would that be a serious trouble bothering your current employment? - If you were to start from the beginning, would you chose that direction this time? - What other areas (jobs or maybe hobbies) are comparable to programming in the way they can explode someone's lovely brain? - Is 'non turing-complete programming' (SQL, XML, etc.) comparable to what we do or is it really way easier, less requiring, cheap and akin to cooking :)? Well, the essence is: How would you describe programming activity WRT to its difficulty? Or, on the other hand: Did you ever catch yourself thinking at some point: OMG, it's sooo hard! I don't know how would I ever program, even carried away this way and doing programming just for fun? It's very interesting to know your opinion, your'e the programmers after all. I mean much people must be exaggerating/speculating about the thing they do not really know about. But that musn't be the case here on SO :) P.S.: I'll try my best to update this post later, and you please edit it too. At least I'll get decent English in my question text :)

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• MS Access MSChart.Graph.8 not printing

  - by Tanj

  Software: Microsoft Access 2007 SP2 Database File Version: Access 2000 I have an access program that I inherited from a previous employee. It uses forms for reports and since I don't have much experience in access I have continued to do this. I have created a copy of the program for another project and modified it to suit. I am having trouble getting more then one chart to print. All the charts display in form view, they all have the same properties (excepting data, position, etc.) For some reason they are not printing. They don't even show up in the print preview. I am thinking it must be something with the graphs themselves as they sometimes lose all information. I have to open the graphs in edit mode and change the data source from column to row and back again so that it gets redrawn. (Refresh doesn't fix it) So right now I don't even have a clue as to where to look so ideas are welcome. Edit #1 It seems to be a problem with linking to an unbound form. Subform Field Linker: Can't build a link between unbound forms. The query for the main form is SELECT tTest.ixTest, tMotorTypes.ixMotorType, tMotorTypes.asMotorType, tMotorTypes.fDeprecated, tTestType.asTest, tTest.asSerialNum, tTest.asOrderNum, tTest.asFrameNum, tTest.asRotorNum, tTest.asOperator, tTest.iStation, tTest.dtTestDate, tTest.ixTestType FROM tMotorTypes INNER JOIN (tTestType INNER JOIN tTest ON tTestType.ixTestType=tTest.ixTestType) ON tMotorTypes.ixMotorType=tTest.ixMotorType; The query for the chart is: SELECT qGraphRSTTemperatures.Frequency, qGraphRSTTemperatures.[Drive End], qGraphRSTTemperatures.[Non Drive End], qGraphRSTTemperatures.[Air In], qGraphRSTTemperatures.Core FROM qGraphRSTTemperatures ORDER BY qGraphRSTTemperatures.ixTemperature; Query qGraphRSTTemperatures: SELECT tElectricalData.dblFrequency AS Frequency, tTemperatures.dblDrvEnd AS [Drive End], tTemperatures.dblNonDrvEnd AS [Non Drive End], tTemperatures.dblAirIn AS [Air In], tTemperatures.dblCore AS Core, tSubTest.ixTest, tTemperatures.ixTemperature FROM (tSubTest INNER JOIN tElectricalData ON tSubTest.ixSubTest = tElectricalData.ixSubTest) LEFT JOIN tTemperatures ON tElectricalData.ixElectrical = tTemperatures.ixElectrical WHERE (((tSubTest.ixSubTestType)=5)) ORDER BY tSubTest.ixTest, tTemperatures.ixTemperature; So how come, in the form view it shows the graph with the correct data when linked thus: Child field: ixTest Master field: ixTest but won't print the graph. The graph will print if I remove the links, but then I have all the data from chart query as it is not limited by ixTest. edit #2 It seems to be a data retrieval/rendering issue in printing. Is there anything in printing that changes the context of records with respect to parent/child relationships?

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• Clickin issue in Flash and XML

  - by ortho

  Hi, I have the php backend that displays an xml page with data for flash consuming. Flash takes it and creates a textfields dynamicaly based on this information. I have a few items in menu on top and when I click one of them, data is taken from php and everything is displayed in scroll in flash. The problem is that if I click too fast between menu items, then I get buggy layout. The text (only the text) is becoming part of the layout and is displayed no metter what item in menu I am currently in and only refreshing the page helps. var myXML:XML = new XML(); myXML.ignoreWhite=true; myXML.load("/getBud1.php"); myXML.onLoad = function(success){ if (success){ var myNode = this.firstChild.childNodes; var myTxt:Array = Array(0); for (var i:Number = 0; i<myNode.length; i++) { myTxt[i] = "text"+i+"content"; createTextField(myTxt[i],i+1,65,3.5,150, 20); var pole = eval(myTxt[i]); pole.embedFonts = true; var styl:TextFormat = new TextFormat(); styl.font = "ArialFont"; pole.setNewTextFormat(styl); pole.text = String(myNode[i].childNodes[1].firstChild.nodeValue); pole.wordWrap = true; pole.autoSize = "left"; if(i > 0) { var a:Number = eval(myTxt[i-1])._height + eval(myTxt[i-1])._y + 3; pole._y = a; } attachMovie("kropka2", "test"+i+"th", i+1000); eval("test"+i+"th")._y = pole._y + 5; eval("test"+i+"th")._x = 52; } } } I tried to load the info and ceate text fields from top frame and then refer to correct place by instance names string e.g. budData.dataHolder.holder.createTextField , but then when I change between items in menu the text dissapears completely untill I refresh the page. Please help

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• How to return the date value from DatePickerDialog in Android?

  - by user1855222

  I am new to android . I ve created a Date picker in android using following guide .http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/controls/pickers.html public class DatePickerFragment extends DialogFragment implements DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); public static String date; @Override public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) { // Use the current date as the default date in the picker final Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); int year = c.get(Calendar.YEAR); int month = c.get(Calendar.MONTH); int day = c.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH); // Create a new instance of DatePickerDialog and return it return new DatePickerDialog(getActivity(), this, year, month, day); } public void onDateSet(DatePicker view, int year, int month, int day) { // Do something with the date chosen by the user sb.append(year); sb.append('-'); sb.append(month+1); sb.append('-'); sb.append(day); date = sb.toString(); System.out.println("The date is "+date); } I need to return this date value (date = sb.toString()) to my MainActivity . Since the onDateSet method is void what should I do ? Additional Information - DatePickerDialog Triggers at the MainActivity class ,But not with single button click . There are several processes happens in side a single button , Date picker will triggers only when certain condition is met . I do not want to display the date value either . Just want it returned for further processing. Appreciate any kind of guidance Changed onDataset method and justshow() public void onDateSet(DatePicker view, int year, int month, int day) { // Do something with the date chosen by the user sb.append(year); sb.append('-'); sb.append(month+1); sb.append('-'); sb.append(day); date = sb.toString(); MainActivity.newdate=sb.toString(); System.out.println("The date is "+MainActivity.newdate); } public void justShow(){ System.out.println("The date is "+MainActivity.newdate); } This is the relevant Part From Main(After making changes suggested in first reply ) DateToken mydate=new DateToken(); String test=dayvals.get(0); DialogFragment df=new DatePickerFragment(); if(test.equalsIgnoreCase("day")){ df.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "DatePik"); } System.out.println("Date is on Main"+newdate); DatePickerFragment dpf=new DatePickerFragment(); dpf.justShow(); newdate is the static String , but still outputs null. In both MainActivity and justShow methods . But in onDataSet method date outputs correctly

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• How to do a search from a list with non-prefix keywords[Solved]

  - by aNui

  The Problem is Solved. Thanks for every answers. First of all, sorry if my english or my post got any mistakes. I am programming a program to search the name from the list and I need to find them even if the keyword is not in front of the names (that's what I mean non-prefix) e.g. if I my list is the music instruments and I type "guit" to the search textbox. It should find the names "Guitar, Guitarrón, Acoustic Guitar, Bass Guitar, ..." or something like this Longdo Dictionary's search suggestion. here is my simple and stupid algorithm (that's all I can do) const int SEARCHROWLIMIT = 30; private string[] DoSearch(string Input, string[] ListToSearch) { List<string> FoundNames = new List<string>(); int max = 0; bool over = false; for (int k = 0; !over; k++) { foreach (string item in ListToSearch) { max = (max > item.Length) ? max : item.Length; if (k > item.Length) continue; if (k >= max) { over = true; break; } if (!Input.Equals("Search") && item.Substring(k, item.Length - k).StartsWith(Input, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { bool exist = false; int i = 0; while (!exist && i < FoundNames.Count) { if (item.Equals(FoundNames[i])) { exist = true; break; } i++; } if (!exist && FoundNames.Count < SEARCHROWLIMIT) FoundNames.Add(item); else if (FoundNames.Count >= SEARCHROWLIMIT) over = true; } } } return FoundNames.ToArray(); } I think this algorithm is too slow for a large number of names and after several trial-and-error, I decided to add SEARCHROWLIMIT to breaks the operation And I also think there're some readymade methods that can do that. And another problem is I need to search music instruments by a category like strings, percussions, ... and by the country of origins. So I need to search them with filter by type and country. please help me. P.S. Me and my friends are just student from Thailand and developing the project to compete in Microsoft Imagine Cup 2010 and please become fan on our facebook page [KRATIB][3]. And we're so sorry we don't have much information in English but you can talk to us in English.

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• Garbage Collector not doing its job. Memory Consumption = 1.5GB & OutOFMemory Exception.

  - by imageWorker

  I'm working with images (each of size = 5MB). The following code extract some information from each image that is present in the given directory. I'm getting out of memory exception. The size of the process is around (1.5GB). I don't know why garbage collector is not freeing memory. I even tried adding GC.Collect() as last line of foreach loop. Still I'm getting 'OutOFMemory' using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading; using System.IO; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Imaging; namespace TrainSVM { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { FileStream fs = new FileStream("dg.train",FileMode.OpenOrCreate,FileAccess.Write); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); String[] filePathArr = Directory.GetFiles("E:\\images\\"); foreach (string filePath in filePathArr) { if (filePath.Contains("lmn")) { sw.Write("1 "); Console.Write("1 "); } else { sw.Write("1 "); Console.Write("1 "); } Bitmap originalBMP = new Bitmap(filePath); /***********************/ Bitmap imageBody; ImageBody.ImageBody im = new ImageBody.ImageBody(originalBMP); imageBody = im.GetImageBody(-1); /* white coat */ Bitmap whiteCoatBitmap = Rgb2Hsi.Rgb2Hsi.GetHuePlane(imageBody); float WhiteCoatPixelPercentage = Rgb2Hsi.Rgb2Hsi.GetWhiteCoatPixelPercentage(whiteCoatBitmap); //Console.Write("whiteDone\t"); sw.Write("1:" + WhiteCoatPixelPercentage + " "); Console.Write("1:" + WhiteCoatPixelPercentage + " "); /******************/ Quaternion.Quaternion qtr = new Quaternion.Quaternion(-15); Bitmap yellowCoatBMP = qtr.processImage(imageBody); //yellowCoatBMP.Save("yellowCoat.bmp"); float yellowCoatPixelPercentage = qtr.GetYellowCoatPixelPercentage(yellowCoatBMP); //Console.Write("yellowCoatDone\t"); sw.Write("2:" + yellowCoatPixelPercentage + " "); Console.Write("2:" + yellowCoatPixelPercentage + " "); /**********************/ Bitmap balckPatchBitmap = BlackPatchDetection.BlackPatchDetector.MarkBlackPatches(imageBody); float BlackPatchPixelPercentage = BlackPatchDetection.BlackPatchDetector.BlackPatchPercentage; //Console.Write("balckPatchDone\n"); sw.Write("3:" + BlackPatchPixelPercentage + "\n"); Console.Write("3:" + BlackPatchPixelPercentage + "\n"); balckPatchBitmap.Dispose(); yellowCoatBMP.Dispose(); whiteCoatBitmap.Dispose(); originalBMP.Dispose(); sw.Flush(); } sw.Dispose(); fs.Dispose(); } } }

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• log4j performance

  - by Bob

  Hi, I'm developing a web app, and I'd like to log some information to help me improve and observe the app. (I'm using Tomcat6) First I thought I would use StringBuilders, append the logs to them and a task would persist them into the database like every 2 minutes. Because I was worried about the out-of-the-box logging system's performance. Then I made some test. Especially with log4j. Here is my code: Main.java public static void main(String[] args) { Thread[] threads = new Thread[LoggerThread.threadsNumber]; for(int i = 0; i < LoggerThread.threadsNumber; ++i){ threads[i] = new Thread(new LoggerThread("name - " + i)); } LoggerThread.startTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); for(int i = 0; i < LoggerThread.threadsNumber; ++i){ threads[i].start(); } LoggerThread.java public class LoggerThread implements Runnable{ public static int threadsNumber = 10; public static long startTimestamp; private static int counter = 0; private String name; public LoggerThread(String name) { this.name = name; } private Logger log = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Override public void run() { for(int i=0; i<10000; ++i){ log.info(name + ": " + i); if(i == 9999){ int c = increaseCounter(); if(c == threadsNumber){ System.out.println("Elapsed time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTimestamp)); } } } } private synchronized int increaseCounter(){ return ++counter; } } } log4j.properties log4j.logger.main.LoggerThread=debug, f log4j.appender.f=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender log4j.appender.f.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.f.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n log4j.appender.f.File=c:/logs/logging.log log4j.appender.f.MaxFileSize=15000KB log4j.appender.f.MaxBackupIndex=50 I think this is a very common configuration for log4j. First I used log4j 1.2.14 then I realized there was a newer version, so I switched to 1.2.16 Here are the figures (all in millisec) LoggerThread.threadsNumber = 10 1.2.14: 4235, 4267, 4328, 4282 1.2.16: 2780, 2781, 2797, 2781 LoggerThread.threadsNumber = 100 1.2.14: 41312, 41014, 42251 1.2.16: 25606, 25729, 25922 I think this is very fast. Don't forget that: in every cycle the run method not just log into the file, it has to concatenate strings (name + ": " + i), and check an if test (i == 9999). When threadsNumber is 10, there are 100.000 loggings and if tests and concatenations. When it is 100, there are 1.000.000 loggings and if tests and concatenations. (I've read somewhere JVM uses StringBuilder's append for concatenation, not simple concatenation). Did I missed something? Am I doing something wrong? Did I forget any factor that could decrease the performance? If these figures are correct I think, I don't have to worry about log4j's performance even if I heavily log, do I?

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• Why doesn't my form post when I disable the submit button to prevent double clicking?

  - by John MacIntyre

  Like every other web developer on the planet, I have an issue with users double clicking the submit button on my forms. My understanding is that the conventional way to handle this issue, is to disable the button immediately after the first click, however when I do this, it doesn't post. I did do some research on this, god knows there's enough information, but other questions like Disable button on form submission, disabling the button appears to work. The original poster of Disable button after submit appears to have had the same problem as me, but there is no mention on how/if he resolved it. Here's some code on how to repeat it (tested in IE8 Beta2, but had same problem in IE7) My aspx code <%@ Page Language="C#" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> function btn_onClick() { var chk = document.getElementById("chk"); if(chk.checked) { var btn = document.getElementById("btn"); btn.disabled = true; } } </script> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <asp:Literal ID="lit" Text="--:--:--" runat="server" /> <br /> <asp:Button ID="btn" Text="Submit" runat="server" /> <br /> <input type="checkbox" id="chk" />Disable button on first click </form> </body> </html> My cs code using System; public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected override void OnInit(EventArgs e) { base.OnInit(e); btn.Click += new EventHandler(btn_Click); btn.OnClientClick = "btn_onClick();"; } void btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { lit.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"); } } Notice that when you click the button, a postback occurs, and the time is updated. But when you check the check box, the next time you click the button, the button is disabled (as expected), but never does the postback. WHAT THE HECK AM I MISSING HERE??? Thanks in advance.

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• Excel UDF calculation should return 'original' value

  - by LeChe

  Hi all, I've been struggling with a VBA problem for a while now and I'll try to explain it as thoroughly as possible. I have created a VSTO plugin with my own RTD implementation that I am calling from my Excel sheets. To avoid having to use the full-fledged RTD syntax in the cells, I have created a UDF that hides that API from the sheet. The RTD server I created can be enabled and disabled through a button in a custom Ribbon component. The behavior I want to achieve is as follows: If the server is disabled and a reference to my function is entered in a cell, I want the cell to display Disabled If the server is disabled, but the function had been entered in a cell when it was enabled (and the cell thus displays a value), I want the cell to keep displaying that value If the server is enabled, I want the cell to display Loading Sounds easy enough. Here is an example of the - non functional - code: Public Function RetrieveData(id as Long) Dim result as String // This returns either 'Disabled' or 'Loading' result = Application.Worksheet.Function.RTD("SERVERNAME", "", id) RetrieveData = result If(result = "Disabled") Then // Obviously, this recurses (and fails), so that's not an option If(Not IsEmpty(Application.Caller.Value2)) Then // So does this RetrieveData = Application.Caller.Value2 End If End If End Function The function will be called in thousands of cells, so storing the 'original' values in another data structure would be a major overhead and I would like to avoid it. Also, the RTD server does not know the values, since it also does not keep a history of it, more or less for the same reason. I was thinking that there might be some way to exit the function which would force it to not change the displayed value, but so far I have been unable to find anything like that. Any ideas on how to solve this are greatly appreciated! Thanks, Che EDIT: By popular demand, some additional info on why I want to do all this: As I said, the function will be called in thousands of cells and the RTD server needs to retrieve quite a bit of information. This can be quite hard on both network and CPU. To allow the user to decide for himself whether he wants this load on his machine, he or she can disable the updates from the server. In that case, he or she should still be able to calculate the sheets with the values currently in the fields, yet no updates are pushed into them. Once new data is required, the server can be enabled and the fields will be updated. Again, since we are talking about quite a bit of data here, I would rather not store it somewhere in the sheet. Plus, the data should be usable even if the workbook is closed and loaded again.

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• Can output from OutputDebugString be viewed in VisualStudio's output window

  - by wageoghe

  I am using C# and VS2010. When I use OutputDebugString to write debug information, should it show up in the output window? I can see the output from OutputDebugString in DebugView, but I thought I would see it in Visual Studio's Output window. I have looked under Tools-Options-Debugging-General and the output is NOT being redirected to the Immediate window. I have also looked under Tools-Options-Debugging-Output Window and all General Output Settings are set to "On". Finally, I have used the drop-down list in the Output window to specify that Debug messages should appear. If I change Tools-Options-Debugging-General to redirect the output to the Immediate window, the OutputDebugString messages do not appear in the immediate window. Here is my entire test program: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Diagnostics; namespace OutputDebugString { class Program { [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern void OutputDebugString(string message); static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Main - Enter - Console.WriteLine"); Debug.WriteLine("Main - Enter - Debug.WriteLine"); OutputDebugString("Main - Enter - OutputDebugString"); OutputDebugString("Main - Exit - OutputDebugString"); Debug.WriteLine("Main - Exit - Debug.WriteLine"); Console.WriteLine("Main - Exit - Console.WriteLine"); } } } If I run within the debugger, the Debug.WriteLine output does show up in the output window, but the OutputDebugString output does not. If I run from a console window, both Debug.WriteLine and OutputDebugString show up in DebugView. Why doesn't the OutputDebugString output ever show up in the output window? Ultimately, my intent is not to write a lot of debug output with OutputDebugString, rather I will use System.Diagnostics or NLog or something similar. I am just trying to find out, if I configure a logging platform to write to OutputDebugString, will the output be visible from within the debugger. Edit: I went back to my original program (not the simple test above) which uses TraceSources and TraceListeners configured via the app.config file. If I configure the trace sources to write to the System.Diagnostics.DefaultTraceListener (which is documented as writing to OutputDebugString), then the trace source output DOES go to the debug window. However, lines that write directly with OutputDebugString (such as in my simple example) DO NOT go to the debug window. Also, if I use a different TraceListener that writes to OutputDebugString (I got one from Ukadc.Diagnostics at codeplex), that output DOES NOT go to the debug window. Note that I have seen these questions but they did not provide a working solution: here and here

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• How to calculate the maximum block length in C of a binary number

  - by user1664272

  I want to reiterate the fact that I am not asking for direct code to my problem rather than wanting information on how to reach that solution. I asked a problem earlier about counting specific integers in binary code. Now I would like to ask how one comes about counting the maximum block length within binary code. I honestly just want to know where to get started and what exactly the question means by writing code to figure out the "Maximum block length" of an inputted integers binary representation. Ex: Input 456 Output: 111001000 Number of 1's: 4 Maximum Block Length: ? Here is my code so far for reference if you need to see where I'm coming from. #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { int integer; // number to be entered by user int i, b, n; unsigned int ones; printf("Please type in a decimal integer\n"); // prompt fflush(stdout); scanf("%d", &integer); // read an integer if(integer < 0) { printf("Input value is negative!"); // if integer is less than fflush(stdout); return; // zero, print statement } else{ printf("Binary Representation:\n", integer); fflush(stdout);} //if integer is greater than zero, print statement for(i = 31; i >= 0; --i) //code to convert inputted integer to binary form { b = integer >> i; if(b&1){ printf("1"); fflush(stdout); } else{ printf("0"); fflush(stdout); } } printf("\n"); fflush(stdout); ones = 0; //empty value to store how many 1's are in binary code while(integer) //while loop to count number of 1's within binary code { ++ones; integer &= integer - 1; } printf("Number of 1's in Binary Representation: %d\n", ones); // prints number fflush(stdout); //of ones in binary code printf("Maximum Block Length: \n"); fflush(stdout); printf("\n"); fflush(stdout); return 0; }//end function main

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• Finding underlying cause of Window 7 Account corruption.

  - by Carl Jokl

  I have been having trouble with my Sister's computer which I built. It is running Windows 7 Ultimate x64. The problem is that I have had problems with the accounts becoming corrupted. First problems manifest themselves in the form of Windows saying the profile failed to be loaded properly and a temporary profile. Eventually the account will not allow login at all. An error message along the lines the authentication service failing the login. I have found information about this problem and how to fix it. The problem being that something has corrupted the account profile and backing up and recreating the accounts fixes the problem. I have been able to fix things and get logins working again but over the period of usually about a week it happens again. Bit by bit the accounts corrupt and then it is back to square one. I am frustrated because I don't know what the underlying cause of the problem is i.e. what is causing the accounts to be corrupted in the first place. At the moment I am just treating the symptoms. I was hoping someone who may have more experience with dealing with this problem might be able to help me find the root cause. Some articles suggest that Norton Internet Security is a big culprit of this problem which is installed. I could try uninstalling Norton and see if it helps. The one thing which is different about this computer to any other I have built is that it has a solid state drive. Actually it has both a hard drive and solid state drive. The documents and settings i.e. the Users directory is stored on the hard drive. This was done following an article about moving the user account data onto a separate drive on Windows 7 which I found on the Internet. Moving the User accounts is more of a pain under Windows 7 and this solution involved creating a low level file system link to the folder from the boot drive (Solid State) to the Hard Drive. The idea is that the computer behaves just as if it is accessing the User's folder from the boot drive but actually the data is stored on the hard drive. This may have nothing to do with the cause of the problem but due to the problem being user account corruption it is a possibility I have not been able to rule out. Any help would be appreciated as I would be glad to see the back of this problem.

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• Data Access Layer - static list objects and caching

  - by Truegilly

  Hello, i am devloping a site using .net MVC i have a data access layer which basically consists of static list objects that are created from data within my database. The method that rebuilds this data first clears all the list objects. Once they are empty it then add the data. Here is an example of one of the lists im using. its a method which generates all the UK postcodes. there are about 50 methods similar to this in my application that return all sorts of information, such as towns, regions, members, emails etc. public static List<PostCode> AllPostCodes = new List<PostCode>(); when the rebuild method is called it first clears the list. ListPostCodes.AllPostCodes.Clear(); next it re-bulilds the data, by calling the GetAllPostCodes() method /// <summary> /// static method that returns all the UK postcodes /// </summary> public static void GetAllPostCodes() { using (fab_dataContextDataContext db = new fab_dataContextDataContext()) { IQueryable AllPostcodeData = from data in db.PostCodeTables select data; IDbCommand cmd = db.GetCommand(AllPostcodeData); SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(); adapter.SelectCommand = (SqlCommand)cmd; DataSet dataSet = new DataSet(); cmd.Connection.Open(); adapter.FillSchema(dataSet, SchemaType.Source); adapter.Fill(dataSet); cmd.Connection.Close(); // crete the objects foreach (DataRow row in dataSet.Tables[0].Rows) { PostCode postcode = new PostCode(); postcode.ID = Convert.ToInt32(row["PostcodeID"]); postcode.Outcode = row["OutCode"].ToString(); postcode.Latitude = Convert.ToDouble(row["Latitude"]); postcode.Longitude = Convert.ToDouble(row["Longitude"]); postcode.TownID = Convert.ToInt32(row["TownID"]); AllPostCodes.Add(postcode); postcode = null; } } } The rebuild occurs every 1 hour. this ensures that every 1 hour the site will have fresh set of cached data. the issue ive got is that occasionally if during a rebuild, the server will be hit by a request and an exception is thrown. The exception is "Index was outside the bounds of the array." it is due to when a list is being cleared. ListPostCodes.AllPostCodes.Clear(); - // throws exception - although its not always in regard to this list. Once this exception is thrown application dies, All users are affected. I have to restart the server to fix it. i have 2 questions... If i utilise caching instead of static objects would this help ? Is there any way i can say "while the rebuild is taking place, wait for it to complete until accepting requests" any help is most appricaiated ;) truegilly

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• Using WSH (VBS) with iMacros - how do they do it?

  - by Carl

  (iMacros For Firefox 6.6.5.0; Firefox 3.6.3; Windows XP Pro SP3 w/all updates) I made an iMacro to select "load next 25" (comments) on a web page (CNN.COM). Unfortunately, iMacros doesn't appear to do looping (do the above until that string doesn't appear on the page anymore - i.e. all the comments are loaded). I tried putting {!iloop} in the TAG command, and it didn't work - then I read it wouldn't. So I tried the example at http://wiki.imacros.net/Loop_after_Query_or_Login I can't find any information on how to actually run the script in the above example. I searched Google and found VBS scripting is handled with .wsh files with Windows XP Pro. (The examples and other references there say Windows does VBS natively, so I looked up how with Google.) So I made the following .wsh file (modified the above example): Option Explicit Dim iim1, iret 'initialize iMacros instance set iim1 = CreateObject ("imacros") iret = iim1.iimInit() do while not iret < 0 iret = iim1.iimPlay("Load All CNN Comments") loop ' tell user we're done msgbox "End." ' exit iMacros instance and quit script iret = iim1.iimExit() Wscript.Quit() Here's the iMacro: (Load All CNN Comments.iim) VERSION BUILD=6650406 RECORDER=FX TAG POS=1 TYPE=A ATTR=TXT:Load<SP>next<SP>25 WAIT SECONDS=#DOWNLOADCOMPLETE# The iMacro works by itself - I press Play (left iMacro panel) and the next 25 comments load on the CNN.com page in the current tab. I put the .wsh file in the ...\iMacros\Macros directory - with the iMacro "Load All CNN Comments.iim" When I run the .wsh file (by just double clicking on it's icon - I created it with Notepad, and Windows gave it an icon for that file type - it's executable) I get the message from "Windows Script Host" - "There is no script file specified." I wasn't actually expecting it to work, as I don't see how Windows would know to call iMacros to run the iim macro. It would be nice if there was a simple, COMPLETE, example of how to use a VBS script with iMacros, that isn't bogged down with unnecessary complication like filling in a form, loading multiple pages, etc. I can't find ANY example. So what do I need to do to get this to work? I just installed iMacros yesterday, because I am constantly having the problem that there are hundred of comments after a CNN.com article, and loading 25 more at a time until they are all on the page makes it impractical to read any replies to my comments. It would also be nice if I could run the Macro from Firefox, rather than by double clicking on some file somewhere. Thanks for any help.

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• Performance tuning of a Hibernate+Spring+MySQL project operation that stores images uploaded by user

  - by Umar

  Hi I am working on a web project that is Spring+Hibernate+MySQL based. I am stuck at a point where I have to store images uploaded by a user into the database. Although I have written some code that works well for now, but I believe that things will mess up when the project would go live. Here's my domain class that carries the image bytes: @Entity public class Picture implements java.io.Serializable{ long id; byte[] data; ... // getters and setters } And here's my controller that saves the file on submit: public class PictureUploadFormController extends AbstractBaseFormController{ ... protected ModelAndView onSubmit(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object command, BindException errors) throws Exception{ MutlipartFile file; // getting MultipartFile from the command object ... // beginning hibernate transaction ... Picture p=new Picture(); p.setData(file.getBytes()); pictureDAO.makePersistent(p); // this method simply calls getSession().saveOrUpdate(p) // committing hiernate transaction ... } ... } Obviously a bad piece of code. Is there anyway I could use InputStream or Blob to save the data, instead of first loading all the bytes from the user into the memory and then pushing them into the database? I did some research on hibernate's support for Blob, and found this in Hibernate In Action book: java.sql.Blob and java.sql.Clob are the most efficient way to handle large objects in Java. Unfortunately, an instance of Blob or Clob is only useable until the JDBC transaction completes. So if your persistent class defines a property of java.sql.Clob or java.sql.Blob (not a good idea anyway), you’ll be restricted in how instances of the class may be used. In particular, you won’t be able to use instances of that class as detached objects. Furthermore, many JDBC drivers don’t feature working support for java.sql.Blob and java.sql.Clob. Therefore, it makes more sense to map large objects using the binary or text mapping type, assuming retrieval of the entire large object into memory isn’t a performance killer. Note you can find up-to-date design patterns and tips for large object usage on the Hibernate website, with tricks for particular platforms. Now apparently the Blob cannot be used, as it is not a good idea anyway, what else could be used to improve the performance? I couldn't find any up-to-date design pattern or any useful information on Hibernate website. So any help/recommendations from stackoverflowers will be much appreciated. Thanks

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• C++ vs. C++/CLI: Const qualification of virtual function parameters

  - by James McNellis

  [All of the following was tested using Visual Studio 2008 SP1] In C++, const qualification of parameter types does not affect the type of a function (8.3.5/3: "Any cv-qualifier modifying a parameter type is deleted") So, for example, in the following class hierarchy, Derived::Foo overrides Base::Foo: struct Base { virtual void Foo(const int i) { } }; struct Derived : Base { virtual void Foo(int i) { } }; Consider a similar hierarchy in C++/CLI: ref class Base abstract { public: virtual void Foo(const int) = 0; }; ref class Derived : public Base { public: virtual void Foo(int i) override { } }; If I then create an instance of Derived: int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { Derived^ d = gcnew Derived; } it compiles without errors or warnings. When I run it, it throws the following exception and then terminates: An unhandled exception of type 'System.TypeLoadException' occurred in ClrVirtualTest.exe Additional information: Method 'Foo' in type 'Derived'...does not have an implementation. That exception seems to indicate that the const qualification of the parameter does affect the type of the function in C++/CLI (or, at least it affects overriding in some way). However, if I comment out the line containing the definition of Derived::Foo, the compiler reports the following error (on the line in main where the instance of Derived is instantiated): error C2259: 'Derived': cannot instantiate abstract class If I add the const qualifier to the parameter of Derived::Foo or remove the const qualifier from the parameter of Base::Foo, it compiles and runs with no errors. I would think that if the const qualification of the parameter affects the type of the function, I should get this error if the const qualification of the parameter in the derived class virtual function does not match the const qualification of the parameter in the base class virtual function. If I change the type of Derived::Foo's parameter from an int to a double, I get the following warning (in addition to the aforementioned error, C2259): warning C4490: 'override': incorrect use of override specifier; 'Derived::Foo' does not match a base ref class method So, my question is, effectively, does the const qualification of function parameters affect the type of the function in C++/CLI? If so, why does this compile and why are there no errors or warnings? If not, why is an exception thrown?

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• Establishing a tcp connection from within a DLL

  - by Nicholas Hollander

  I'm trying to write a piece of code that will allow me to establish a TCP connection from within a DLL file. Here's my situation: I have a ruby application that needs to be able to send and receive data over a socket, but I can not access the native ruby socket methods because of the environment in which it will be running. I can however access a DLL file and run the functions within that, so I figured I would create a wrapper for winsock. Unfortunately, attempting to take a piece of code that should connect to a TCP socket in a normal C++ application throws a slew of LNK2019 errors that I can not for the life of me resolve. This is the method I'm using to connect: //Socket variable SOCKET s; //Establishes a connection to the server int server_connect(char* addr, int port) { //Start up Winsock WSADATA wsadata; int error = WSAStartup(0x0202, &wsadata); //Check if something happened if (error) return -1; //Verify Winock version if (wsadata.wVersion != 0x0202) { //Clean up and close WSACleanup(); return -2; } //Get the information needed to finalize a socket SOCKADDR_IN target; target.sin_family = AF_INET; //Address family internet target.sin_port = _WINSOCKAPI_::htons(port); //Port # target.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(addr); //Create the socket s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP); if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) { return -3; } //Try connecting if (connect(s, (SOCKADDR *)&target, sizeof(target)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { //Failed to connect return -4; } else { //Success return 1; } } The exact errors that I'm receiving are: Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _closesocket@4 referenced in function _server_disconnect [Project Path] Error 2 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _connect@12 referenced in function _server_connect [Project Path] Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _htons@4 referenced in function _server_connect [Project Path] Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _inet_addr@4 referenced in function _server_connect [Project Path] Error 5 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _socket@12 referenced in function _server_connect [Project Path] Error 6 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _WSAStartup@8 referenced in function _server_connect [Project Path] Error 7 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _WSACleanup@0 referenced in function _server_connect [Project Path] Error 8 error LNK1120: 7 unresolved externals [Project Path] 1 1 Many thanks!

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• Multiple infowindows - tearing my hair out

  - by thewinchester

  Ok, I'll admit I'm nowhere near the best programmer on the planet - and I'm used to the answer staring me right in the face but not making sense of it. Problem I need to display multiple markers on a map, each with their own infowindow. I have created the individual markers without a problem, but don't know how to create the infowindows for each. Steps so far I am generating a map using the V3 API within an ASP-based website, with markers being created from a set of DB records. The markers are created by looping through a rs and defining a marker() with the relevant variables: var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(lat,long); var marker = new google.maps.Marker({ map: map, position: myLatlng, title: 'locationname', icon: 'http://google-maps-icons.googlecode.com/files/park.png' }); This is creating all the relevant markers in their correct locations. What I need to do now, and am not sure of how to achieve is give each of them their own unique infowindow which I can use to display information and links relevant to that marker. Source <script type="text/javascript" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=false"></script> <script language="javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { //Google Maps var myOptions = { zoom: 5, center: new google.maps.LatLng(-26.66, 122.25), mapTypeControl: false, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP, navigationControl: true, navigationControlOptions: { style: google.maps.NavigationControlStyle.SMALL } } var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map_canvas"), myOptions); <!-- While locations_haslatlong not BOF.EOF --> <% While ((Repeat1__numRows <> 0) AND (NOT locations_haslatlong.EOF)) %> var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(<%=(locations_haslatlong.Fields.Item("llat").Value)%>,<%=(locations_haslatlong.Fields.Item("llong").Value)%>); var marker = new google.maps.Marker({ map: map, position: myLatlng, title: '<%=(locations_haslatlong.Fields.Item("ldescription").Value)%>', icon: 'http://google-maps-icons.googlecode.com/files/park.png', clickable: true, }); <% Repeat1__index=Repeat1__index+1 Repeat1__numRows=Repeat1__numRows-1 locations_haslatlong.MoveNext() Wend %> <!-- End While locations_haslatlong not BOF.EOF --> google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'click', function() { infowindow.open(map,marker); }); google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'dblclick', function() { map.setZoom(14); }); });

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• Grouping geographical shapes

  - by grenade

  I am using Dundas Maps and attempting to draw a map of the world where countries are grouped into regions that are specific to a business implementation. I have shape data (points and segments) for each country in the world. I can combine countries into regions by adding all points and segments for countries within a region to a new region shape. foreach(var region in GetAllRegions()){ var regionShape = new Shape { Name = region.Name }; foreach(var country in GetCountriesInRegion(region.Id)){ var countryShape = GetCountryShape(country.Id); regionShape.AddSegments(countryShape.ShapeData.Points, countryShape.ShapeData.Segments); } map.Shapes.Add(regionShape); } The problem is that the country border lines still show up within a region and I want to remove them so that only regional borders show up. Dundas polygons must start and end at the same point. This is the case for all the country shapes. Now I need an algorithm that can: Determine where country borders intersect at a regional border, so that I can join the regional border segments. Determine which country borders are not regional borders so that I can discard them. Sort the resulting regional points so that they sequentialy describe the shape boundaries. Below is where I have gotten to so far with the map. You can see that the country borders still need to be removed. For example, the border between Mongolia and China should be discarded whereas the border between Mongolia and Russia should be retained. The reason I need to retain a regional border is that the region colors will be significant in conveying information but adjacent regions may be the same color. The regions can change to include or exclude countries and this is why the regional shaping must be dynamic. EDIT: I now know that I what I am looking for is a UNION of polygons. David Lean explains how to do it using the spatial functions in SQL Server 2008 which might be an option but my efforts have come to a halt because the resulting polygon union is so complex that SQL truncates it at 43,680 characters. I'm now trying to either find a workaround for that or find a way of doing the union in code.

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• Simplest way to flatten document to a view in RavenDB

  - by degorolls

  Given the following classes: public class Lookup { public string Code { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } public class DocA { public string Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public Lookup Currency { get; set; } } public class ViewA // Simply a flattened version of the doc { public string Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string CurrencyName { get; set; } // View just gets the name of the currency } I can create an index that allows client to query the view as follows: public class A_View : AbstractIndexCreationTask<DocA, ViewA> { public A_View() { Map = docs => from doc in docs select new ViewA { Id = doc.Id, Name = doc.Name, CurrencyName = doc.Currency.Name }; Reduce = results => from result in results group on new ViewA { Id = result.Id, Name = result.Name, CurrencyName = result.CurrencyName } into g select new ViewA { Id = g.Key.Id, Name = g.Key.Name, CurrencyName = g.Key.CurrencyName }; } } This certainly works and produces the desired result of a view with the data transformed to the structure required at the client application. However, it is unworkably verbose, will be a maintenance nightmare and is probably fairly inefficient with all the redundant object construction. Is there a simpler way of creating an index with the required structure (ViewA) given a collection of documents (DocA)? FURTHER INFORMATION The issue appears to be that in order to have the index hold the data in the transformed structure (ViewA), we have to do a Reduce. It appears that a Reduce must have both a GROUP ON and a SELECT in order to work as expected so the following are not valid: INVALID REDUCE CLAUSE 1: Reduce = results => from result in results group on new ViewA { Id = result.Id, Name = result.Name, CurrencyName = result.CurrencyName } into g select g.Key; This produces: System.InvalidOperationException: Variable initializer select must have a lambda expression with an object create expression Clearly we need to have the 'select new'. INVALID REDUCE CLAUSE 2: Reduce = results => from result in results select new ViewA { Id = result.Id, Name = result.Name, CurrencyName = result.CurrencyName }; This prduces: System.InvalidCastException: Unable to cast object of type 'ICSharpCode.NRefactory.Ast.IdentifierExpression' to type 'ICSharpCode.NRefactory.Ast.InvocationExpression'. Clearly, we also need to have the 'group on new'. Thanks for any assistance you can provide. (Note: removing the type (ViewA) from the constructor calls has no effect on the above)

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• MVC3/Razor Client Validation Not firing

  - by Jason Gerstorff

  I am trying to get client validation working in MVC3 using data annotations. I have looked at similar posts including this MVC3 Client side validation not working for the answer. I'm using an EF data model. I created a partial class like this for my validations. [MetadataType(typeof(Post_Validation))] public partial class Post { } public class Post_Validation { [Required(ErrorMessage = "Title is required")] [StringLength(5, ErrorMessage = "Title may not be longer than 5 characters")] public string Title { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "Text is required")] [DataType(DataType.MultilineText)] public string Text { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "Publish Date is required")] [DataType(DataType.DateTime)] public DateTime PublishDate { get; set; } } My cshtml page includes the following. <h2>Create</h2> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> @using (Html.BeginForm()) { @Html.ValidationSummary(true) Post <div class="editor-label"> @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Title) </div> <div class="editor-field"> @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Title) @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Title) </div> <div class="editor-label"> @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Text) </div> <div class="editor-field"> @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Text) @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Text) Web Config: <appSettings> <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" /> <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" /> Layout: <head> <title>@ViewBag.Title</title> <link href="@Url.Content("~/Content/Site.css")" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.4.4.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> So, the Multiline Text annotation works and creates a text area. But none of the validations work client side. I don't know what i might be missing. Any ideas?? i can post more information if needed. Thanks!

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• How to add JSTL to Maven?

  - by La Chamelle

  I'm working on a JSF 2.0 project using Mojarra, PrimeFaces and Tomcat 6.x. I need to use c:forEach for some primefaces component like dynamic number of p:tab but i have problem with the c:forEach. All the other tag of JSTL work nice. I have the following error : java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/LoopTagStatus I use the following xmlns:c="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core", i tried to replace with xmlns:c="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" but nothing display with the second. This is the exact version of lib: <dependency> <groupId>javax.faces</groupId> <artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId> <version>2.0.2-FCS</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId> <artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId> <version>2.0.4-b03</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.primefaces</groupId> <artifactId>primefaces</artifactId> <version>2.2.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.el</groupId> <artifactId>el-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId> <artifactId>el-impl</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> How i can fix it ? I can give more specific information if needed.

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• Writing Device Drivers for Microcontrollers, where to define IO Port pins?

  - by volting

  I always seem to encounter this dilemma when writing low level code for MCU's. I never know where to declare pin definitions so as to make the code as reusable as possible. In this case Im writing a driver to interface an 8051 to a MCP4922 12bit serial DAC. Im unsure how/where I should declare the pin definitions for The CS(chip select) and LDAC(data latch) for the DAC. At the moment there declared in the header file for the driver. Iv done a lot of research trying to figure out the best approach but havent really found anything. Im basically want to know what the best practices... if there are some books worth reading or online information, examples etc, any recommendations would be welcome. Just a snippet of the driver so you get the idea /** @brief This function is used to write a 16bit data word to DAC B -12 data bit plus 4 configuration bits @param dac_data A 12bit word @param ip_buf_unbuf_select Input Buffered/unbuffered select bit. Buffered = 1; Unbuffered = 0 @param gain_select Output Gain Selection bit. 1 = 1x (VOUT = VREF * D/4096). 0 =2x (VOUT = 2 * VREF * D/4096) */ void MCP4922_DAC_B_TX_word(unsigned short int dac_data, bit ip_buf_unbuf_select, bit gain_select) { unsigned char low_byte=0, high_byte=0; CS = 0; /**Select the chip*/ high_byte |= ((0x01 << 7) | (0x01 << 4)); /**Set bit to select DAC A and Set SHDN bit high for DAC A active operation*/ if(ip_buf_unbuf_select) high_byte |= (0x01 << 6); if(gain_select) high_byte |= (0x01 << 5); high_byte |= ((dac_data >> 8) & 0x0F); low_byte |= dac_data; SPI_master_byte(high_byte); SPI_master_byte(low_byte); CS = 1; LDAC = 0; /**Latch the Data*/ LDAC = 1; }

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• Sitecore E-Commerce Module - Discount/Promotional Codes

  - by Zachary Kniebel

  I am working on a project for which I must use Sitecore's E-Commerce Module (and Sitecore 6.5 rev. 120706 - aka 'Update 5') to create a web-store. One of the features that I am trying to implement is a generic promotional/discount code system - customer enters a code at checkout which grants a discount like 'free shipping', '20% off', etc. At the moment, I am looking for some guidance (a high-level solution, a few pseudo-ideas, some references to review, etc) as to how this can be accomplished. Summary: What I am looking for is a way to detect whether or not the user entered a promo code at a previous stage in the checkout line, and to determine what that promo code is, if they did. Progress Thus Far: I have thoroughly reviewed all of the Sitecore E-Commerce Services (SES) documentation, especially "SES Order Line Extension" documentation (which I believe will have to be modified/extended in order to accomplish this task). Additionally, I have thoroughly reviewed the Sitecore Community article Extending Sitecore E-Commerce - Pricing and believe that it may be a useful guide for applying a discount statically, but does not say much in the way of applying a discount dynamically. After reviewing these documents, I have come up with the following possible high-level solution to start from: I create a template to represent a promotional code, which holds all data relevant to the promotion (percent off, free shipping, code, etc). I then create another template (based on the Product Search Group template) that holds a link to an item within a global "Promotional Code" items folder. Next, I use the Product Search Group features of my new template to choose which products to apply the discount to. In the source code for the checkout I create a class that checks if a code has been entered and, if so, somehow carry it through the rest of the checkout process. This is where I get stuck. More Details: No using cookies No GET requests No changing/creating/deleting items in the Sitecore Database during the checkout process (e.g., no manipulation of fields of a discount item during checkout to signal that the discount has been applied) must stay within the scope of C# Last Notes: I will update this post with any more information that I find/progress that I make. I upgrade all answers that are relevant and detailed, thought-provoking, or otherwise useful to me and potentially useful to others, in addition to any high-level answers that serve as a feasible solution to this problem; even if your idea doesn't help me, if I think it will help someone else I will still upgrade it. Thanks, in advance, for all your help! :)

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• What are the Options for Storing Hierarchical Data in a Relational Database?

  - by orangepips

  Good Overviews One more Nested Intervals vs. Adjacency List comparison: the best comparison of Adjacency List, Materialized Path, Nested Set and Nested Interval I've found. Models for hierarchical data: slides with good explanations of tradeoffs and example usage Representing hierarchies in MySQL: very good overview of Nested Set in particular Hierarchical data in RDBMSs: most comprehensive and well organized set of links I've seen, but not much in the way on explanation Options Ones I am aware of and general features: Adjacency List: Columns: ID, ParentID Easy to implement. Cheap node moves, inserts, and deletes. Expensive to find level (can store as a computed column), ancestry & descendants (Bridge Hierarchy combined with level column can solve), path (Lineage Column can solve). Use Common Table Expressions in those databases that support them to traverse. Nested Set (a.k.a Modified Preorder Tree Traversal) First described by Joe Celko - covered in depth in his book Trees and Hierarchies in SQL for Smarties Columns: Left, Right Cheap level, ancestry, descendants Compared to Adjacency List, moves, inserts, deletes more expensive. Requires a specific sort order (e.g. created). So sorting all descendants in a different order requires additional work. Nested Intervals Combination of Nested Sets and Materialized Path where left/right columns are floating point decimals instead of integers and encode the path information. Bridge Table (a.k.a. Closure Table: some good ideas about how to use triggers for maintaining this approach) Columns: ancestor, descendant Stands apart from table it describes. Can include some nodes in more than one hierarchy. Cheap ancestry and descendants (albeit not in what order) For complete knowledge of a hierarchy needs to be combined with another option. Flat Table A modification of the Adjacency List that adds a Level and Rank (e.g. ordering) column to each record. Expensive move and delete Cheap ancestry and descendants Good Use: threaded discussion - forums / blog comments Lineage Column (a.k.a. Materialized Path, Path Enumeration) Column: lineage (e.g. /parent/child/grandchild/etc...) Limit to how deep the hierarchy can be. Descendants cheap (e.g. LEFT(lineage, #) = '/enumerated/path') Ancestry tricky (database specific queries) Database Specific Notes MySQL Use session variables for Adjacency List Oracle Use CONNECT BY to traverse Adjacency Lists PostgreSQL ltree datatype for Materialized Path SQL Server General summary 2008 offers HierarchyId data type appears to help with Lineage Column approach and expand the depth that can be represented.

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