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  • Representing a very large array of bits in little memory

    - by user614624
    Hello, I would like to represent a structure containing 250 M states(1 bit each) somehow into as less memory as possible (100 k maximum). The operations on it are set/get. I cold not say that it's dense or sparse, it may vary. The language I want to use is C. I looked at other threads here to find something suitable also. A probabilistic structure like Bloom filter for example would not fit because of the possible false answers. Any suggestions please?

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  • how to downgrage gcc to version 4.1.1 if I use 64-bit Ubuntu 11.10 or 12.04?

    - by SSolid
    how to downgrade gcc to version 4.1.1 if i am using 64-bit ubuntu 11.10 or 12.04? please notice that I'm using 64-bit version of ubuntu It may seems simlar to this question Old version of gcc for new Ubuntu but I can't solve it with the method provide in that thread I get some error like gcc-4.1 : Depends: cpp-4.1 (= 4.1.2-27ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed can someone tell me how to do it? thanks

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  • Pointer Implementation Details in C

    - by Will Bickford
    I would like to know architectures which violate the assumptions I've listed below. Also I would like to know if any of the assumptions are false for all architectures (i.e. if any of them are just completely wrong). sizeof(int *) == sizeof(char *) == sizeof(void *) == sizeof(func_ptr *) The in-memory representation of all pointers for a given architecture is the same regardless of the data type pointed to. The in-memory representation of a pointer is the same as an integer of the same bit length as the architecture. Multiplication and division of pointer data types are only forbidden by the compiler. NOTE: Yes I know this is nonsensical. What I mean is - is there hardware support to forbid this incorrect usage? All pointer values can be casted to a single integer. In other words, what architectures still make use of segments and offsets? Incrementing a pointer is equivalent to adding sizeof(the pointed data type) to the memory address stored by the pointer. If p is an int32* then p+1 is equal to the memory address 4 bytes after p. I'm most used to pointers being used in a contiguous, virtual memory space. For that usage, I can generally get by thinking of them as addresses on a number line. See (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1350471/pointer-comparison/1350488#1350488).

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  • Why are 32-bit application pools more efficient in IIS? [closed]

    - by mhenry1384
    I've been running load tests with two different ASP.NET web applications in IIS. The tests are run with 5,10,25, and 250 user agents. Tested on a box with 8 GB RAM, Windows 7 Ultimate x64. The same box running both IIS and the load test project. I did many runs, and the data is very consistent. For every load, I see a lower "Avg. Page Time (sec)" and a lower "Avg. Response Time (sec)" if I have "Enable 32-bit Applications" set to True in the Application Pools. The difference gets more pronounced the higher the load. At very high loads, the web applications start to throw errors (503) if the application pools are 64-bit, but they can can keep up if set to 32-bit. Why are 32-bit app pools so much more efficient? Why isn't the default for application pools 32-bit?

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  • How can I get the palette of an 8-bit surface in SDL.NET/Tao.SDL?

    - by lolmaster
    I'm looking to get the palette of an 8-bit surface in SDL.NET if possible, or (more than likely) using Tao.SDL. This is because I want to do palette swapping with the palette directly, instead of blitting surfaces together to replace colours like how you would do it with a 32-bit surface. I've gotten the SDL_Surface and the SDL_PixelFormat, however when I go to get the palette in the same way, I get a System.ExecutionEngineException: private Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette GetPalette(Surface surf) { // Get surface. Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Surface sdlSurface = (Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Surface)System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.PtrToStructure(surf.Handle, typeof(Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Surface)); // Get pixel format. Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_PixelFormat pixelFormat = (Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_PixelFormat)System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.PtrToStructure(sdlSurface.format, typeof(Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_PixelFormat)); // Execution exception here. Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette palette = (Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette)System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.PtrToStructure(pixelFormat.palette, typeof(Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette)); return palette; } When I used unsafe code to get the palette, I got a compile time error: "Cannot take the address of, get the size of, or declare a pointer to a managed type ('Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette')". My unsafe code to get the palette was this: unsafe { Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette* pal = (Tao.Sdl.Sdl.SDL_Palette*)pixelFormat.palette; } From what I've read, a managed type in this case is when a structure has some sort of reference inside it as a field. The SDL_Palette structure happens to have an array of SDL_Color's, so I'm assuming that's the reference type that is causing issues. However I'm still not sure how to work around that to get the underlying palette. So if anyone knows how to get the palette from an 8-bit surface, whether it's through safe or unsafe code, the help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Java single Array best choice for accessing pixels for manipulation?

    - by Petrol
    I am just watching this tutorial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwUnMy_pR6A and the guy (who seems to be pretty competent) is using a single array to store and access the pixels of his to-be-rendered image. I was wondering if this really is the best way to do this. The alternative of Multi-Array does have one pointer more, but Arrays do have an O(1) for accessing each index and calculating the index in a single array seems to take one addition and one multiplication operation per pixel. And if Multi-Arrays really are bad, can't you use something with Hashing to avoid those addition and multiplication operations? EDIT: here is his code... public class Screen { private int width, height; public int[] pixels; public Screen(int width, int height) { this.width = width; this.height = height; // creating array the size of one index/int for every pixel // single array has better performance than multi-array pixels = new int[width * height]; } public void render() { for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { pixels[x + y * width] = 0xff00ff; } } } }

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  • When to use Shift operators << >> in C# ?

    - by Junior Mayhé
    I was studying shift operators in C#, trying to find out when to use them in my code. I found an answer but for Java, you could: a) Make faster integer multiplication and division operations: *4839534 * 4* can be done like this: 4839534 << 2 or 543894 / 2 can be done like this: 543894 1 Shift operations much more faster than multiplication for most of processors. b) Reassembling byte streams to int values c) For accelerating operations with graphics since Red, Green and Blue colors coded by separate bytes. d) Packing small numbers into one single long... For b, c and d I can't imagine here a real sample. Does anyone know if we can accomplish all these items in C#? Is there more practical use for shift operators in C#?

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  • Shift count negative or too big error - correct solution?

    - by PeterK
    I have the following function for reading a big-endian quadword (in a abstract base file I/O class): unsigned long long CGenFile::readBEq(){ unsigned long long qT = 0; qT |= readb() << 56; qT |= readb() << 48; qT |= readb() << 40; qT |= readb() << 32; qT |= readb() << 24; qT |= readb() << 16; qT |= readb() << 8; qT |= readb() << 0; return qT; } The readb() functions reads a BYTE. Here are the typedefs used: typedef unsigned char BYTE; typedef unsigned short WORD; typedef unsigned long DWORD; The thing is that i get 4 compiler warnings on the first four lines with the shift operation: warning C4293: '<<' : shift count negative or too big, undefined behavior I understand why this warning occurs, but i can't seem to figure out how to get rid of it correctly. I could do something like: qT |= (unsigned long long)readb() << 56; This removes the warning, but isn't there any other problem, will the BYTE be correctly extended all the time? Maybe i'm just thinking about it too much and the solution is that simple. Can you guys help me out here? Thanks.

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  • Interface Builder error: IBXMLDecoder: The value for key is too large to fit into a 32 bit integer

    - by stdout
    I'm working with Robert Payne's fork of PSMTabBarControl that works with IB 3.2 (thanks BTW Robert!): http://codaset.com/robertjpayne/psmtabbarcontrol/. The demo application works fine on 64-bit systems, but when I try to open the XIB file in Interface Builder on a 32-bit system I get: IBXMLDecoder: The value (4654500848) for key (myTrackingRectTag) is too large to fit into a 32 bit integer Building the app as 32 bit works, but then running it gives: PSMTabBarControlDemo[9073:80f] * -[NSKeyedUnarchiver decodeInt32ForKey:]: value (4654500848) for key (myTrackingRectTag) too large to fit in 32-bit integer Not sure if this is a generic IB issue that can occur when moving between 64 and 32 bit systems, or if this is a more specific issue with this code. Has anyone else run into this?

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  • Bitshift in javascript

    - by pingvinus
    I've got a really big number: 5799218898. And want to shift it right to 13 bits. So, windows-calculator or python gives me: 5799218898 13 | 100010100100001110011111100001 13 70791 | 10001010010000111 As expected. But Javascript: 5799218898 13 | 100010100100001110011111100001 13 183624 | 101100110101001000 I think it because of internal integer representation in javascript, but cannot find anything about that.

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  • Negative logical shift

    - by user320862
    In Java, why does -32 -1 = 1 ? It's not specific to just -32. It works for all negative numbers as long as they're not too big. I've found that x -1 = 1 x -2 = 3 x -3 = 7 x -4 = 15 given 0 x some large negative number Isn't -1 the same as << 1? But -32 << 1 = -64. I've read up on two's complements, but still don't understand the reasoning.

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  • How to calculate 2^n-1 efficiently without overflow?

    - by Ludwig Weinzierl
    I want to calculate 2^n-1 for a 64bit integer value. What I currently do is this for(i=0; i<n; i++) r|=1<<i; and I wonder if there is more elegant way to do it. The line is in an inner loop, so I need it to be fast. I thought of r=(1ULL<<n)-1; but it doesn't work for n=64, because << is only defined for values of n up to 63.

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  • Why does the right-shift operator produce a zero instead of a one?

    - by mrt181
    Hi, i am teaching myself java and i work through the exercises in Thinking in Java. On page 116, exercise 11, you should right-shift an integer through all its binary positions and display each position with Integer.toBinaryString. public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 8; System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(i)); int maxIterations = Integer.toBinaryString(i).length(); int j; for (j = 1; j < maxIterations; j++) { i >>= 1; System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(i)); } In the solution guide the output looks like this: 1000 1100 1110 1111 When i run this code i get this: 1000 100 10 1 What is going on here. Are the digits cut off? I am using jdk1.6.0_20 64bit. The book uses jdk1.5 32bit.

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  • Proper way to handle issue when porting 32 to 64 bit. Conversion from DT1 to DT2 of greater size

    - by grobartn
    So I am trying to port 32 bit to 64 bit. I have turned on the VS2008 flag for detecting problems with 64 bit. I am trying following: char * pList = (char *)uiTmp); warning C4312: 'type cast' : conversion from 'unsigned int' to 'char *' of greater size Disregard the code itself. This is also true for any pointer, because 64 bit pointer is greater than 32 bit unsigned int or int for that purpose. Given that you have to cast smaller type to greater how would you go about doing it so it correctly on both 32/64 bit systems

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  • Is It Worth Using Bitwise Operators In Methods?

    - by user1626141
    I am very new to Java (and programming in general, my previous experience is with ActionScript 2.0 and some simple JavaScript), and I am working my way slowly and methodically through Java: A Beginner's Guide by Herbert Schildt. It is an incredible book. For one thing, I finally understand more-or-less what bitwise operators (which I first encountered in ActionScript 2.0) do, and that they are more efficient than other methods for certain sums. My question is, is it more efficient to use a method that uses, say, a shift right, to perform all your divisions/2 (or divisions/even) for you in a large program with many calculations (in this case, a sprawling RPG), or is it more efficient to simply use standard mathematical operations because the compiler will optimise it all for you? Or, am I asking the wrong question entirely?

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  • Rotating bits of any integer in C

    - by Tim
    Pass a integer 2 to this function and then return a integer which is 4 x = 2; x = rotateInt('L', x, 1); (left shift the bits by 1) Example: 00000010 - rotate left by 1 - 00000100 but if I pass this: x = rotateInt('R', x, 3); it will return 64, 01000000 Here is the code, can someone correct the error... thanks int rotateInt(char direction, unsigned int x, int y) { unsigned int mask = 0; int num = 0, result = 0; int i; for(i = 0; i < y; i++) { if(direction == 'R') { if((x & 1) == 1) x = (x ^ 129); else x = x >> 1; } else if(direction == 'L') { if((x & 128) == 1) x = (x ^ 129); else x = x << 1; } } result = (result ^ x); return result; }

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  • How to tell if Microsoft Works is 32 or 64 bit? Please Help!

    - by Bill Campbell
    Hi, I am trying to convert one of our apps to run on Win7 64 bit from XP 32 bit. One of the things that it uses is Excel to import files. It's a little complicated since it was using Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 (Excel). I found Office 14 (2010) has a 64bit version I can download. I downloaded Office 2010 Beta but it didn't seem to install Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.14.0. I found that I could download 2010 Office System Driver Beta: Data Connectivity Components which has the ACE.OLEDB.14 in it but when I try to install it, the installed tells me "You cannot install the 64-bit version of Access Database engine for Microsoft Office 2010 because you currently have 32-bit Office products installed". How do I determine what 32bit office products this is reffering to? My Dell came with Microsoft Works installed. I don't know if this is 32 or 64 bit. Is there anyway to tell? I don't want to uninstall this if it's not the problem and I'm not sure what else might be the problem. Any help would be appreciated! thanks, Bill

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  • How do I know my laptop is 64 bit compatible?

    - by c.sokun
    I recently plan to buy a new laptop to run 64 bit OS, but I friend told me that my current laptop is 64 bit but I am not sure how do I verify if my laptop is ready to load 64 bit OS? Here is the result from cpuz edit: come say something at less if you want to vote this down :)

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  • Can I run virtualized 64-bit Operating Systems if my CPU doesn't support VT-X?

    - by tintinmj
    I have installed VMWare 10.0 workstation on my Compaq CQ60-615DX laptop. The Operating System is Windows 7 Home Premium. When I tried to run Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit in a virtual machine in VMWare I get an error saying: This virtual machine is configured for 64-bit guest operating systems. However, 64-bit operation is not possible. This host does not support Intel VT-x. For more detailed information, see http://vmware.com/info?id=152. So I googled and found that I have to enable Intel VT-x. But I found out that my processor doesn't support Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x). So am I doomed and can I never run any virtual OS on my laptop? Or can I run 32-bit OSes?

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