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• Mapping between 4+1 architectural view model & UML

  - by Sadeq Dousti

  I'm a bit confused about how the 4+1 architectural view model maps to UML. Wikipedia gives the following mapping: Logical view: Class diagram, Communication diagram, Sequence diagram. Development view: Component diagram, Package diagram Process view: Activity diagram Physical view: Deployment diagram Scenarios: Use-case diagram The paper Role of UML Sequence Diagram Constructs in Object Lifecycle Concept gives the following mapping: Logical view (class diagram (CD), object diagram (OD), sequence diagram (SD), collaboration diagram (COD), state chart diagram (SCD), activity diagram (AD)) Development view (package diagram, component diagram), Process view (use case diagram, CD, OD, SD, COD, SCD, AD), Physical view (deployment diagram), and Use case view (use case diagram, OD, SD, COD, SCD, AD) which combines the four mentioned above. The web page UML 4+1 View Materials presents the following mapping: Finally, the white paper Applying 4+1 View Architecture with UML 2 gives yet another mapping: Logical view class diagrams, object diagrams, state charts, and composite structures Process view sequence diagrams, communication diagrams, activity diagrams, timing diagrams, interaction overview diagrams Development view component diagrams Physical view deployment diagram Use case view use case diagram, activity diagrams I'm sure further search will reveal other mappings as well. While various people usually have different perspectives, I don't see why this is the case here. Specially, each UML diagram describes the system from a particular aspect. So, for instance, why the "sequence diagram" is considered as describing the "logical view" of the system by one author, while another author considers it as describing the "process view"? Could you please help me clarify the confusion?

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• UML Class diagrams with Java packages?

  - by loosebruce

  I am trying to model in UML 2.0 a Java servlet application that has three classes Servlet class; essentially a main class that acts as the controller DatabaseLogic; contains methods for database operations XMLBuilder; builds an XML from a query result string The classes use a variety of packages from the Java library. I am unsure how to model this in UML Do I have to create a package and show which libraries are used for each individual class or can I just have one large package in the diagram with all the libraries showing which classes have dependencies on which. As per this diagram This is my first time working with java properly (im a C++ guy) Apart from being a bit messy , is this a correct UML representation of the system I described? Does a Package in UML mean the same as a Package in Java?

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• Truly useful UML diagrams

  - by eversor

  UML has a jungle of Diagrams. Profile Diagrams, Class Diagrams, Package Diagrams... However, (IMH-and-not-too-experienced-O) I quite see that doing each and every diagram is overkill. Therefore, which UML Diagrams are more suitable in a web context, more expecificly a blog (we want to build it from scratchs). I understand that just because I used UML Diagrams does not imply that our code would be great and brilliant... but, it certainly would be better than just unplanified code...

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• FP for simulation and modelling

  - by heaptobesquare

  I'm about to start a simulation/modelling project. I already know that OOP is used for this kind of projects. However, studying Haskell made me consider using the FP paradigm for modelling a system of components. Let me elaborate: Let's say I have a component of type A, characterised by a set of data (a parameter like temperature or pressure,a PDE and some boundary conditions,etc.) and a component of type B, characterised by a different set of data(different or same parameter, different PDE and boundary conditions). Let's also assume that the functions/methods that are going to be applied on each component are the same (a Galerkin method for example). If I were to use an OOP approach, I would create two objects that would encapsulate each type's data, the methods for solving the PDE(inheritance would be used here for code reuse) and the solution to the PDE. On the other hand, if I were to use an FP approach, each component would be broken down to data parts and the functions that would act upon the data in order to get the solution for the PDE. This approach seems simpler to me assuming that linear operations on data would be trivial and that the parameters are constant. What if the parameters are not constant(for example, temperature increases suddenly and therefore cannot be immutable)? In OOP, the object's (mutable) state can be used. I know that Haskell has Monads for that. To conclude, would implementing the FP approach be actually simpler,less time consuming and easier to manage (add a different type of component or new method to solve the pde) compared to the OOP one? I come from a C++/Fortran background, plus I'm not a professional programmer, so correct me on anything that I've got wrong.

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• Understanding UML composition better

  - by Prog

  The technical difference between Composition and Aggregation in UML (and sometimes in programming too) is that with Composition, the lifetime of the objects composing the composite (e.g. an engine and a steering wheel in a car) is dependent on the composite object. While with Aggregation, the lifetime of the objects making up the composite is independent of the composite. However I'm not sure about something related to composition in UML. Say ClassA is composed of an object of ClassB: class ClassA{ ClassB bInstance; public ClassA(){ bInstance = new ClassB(); } } This is an example of composition, because bInstance is dependent on the lifetime of it's enclosing object. However, regarding UML notation - I'm not sure if I would notate the relationship between ClassA and ClassB with a filled diamond (composition) or a white diamond (aggregation). This is because while the lifetime of some ClassB instances is dependent of ClassA instances - there could be ClassB instances anywhere else in the program - not only within ClassA instances. The question is: if ClassA objects are composed of ClassB objects - but other ClassB objects are free to be used anywhere else in the program: Should the relationship between ClassA and ClassB be notated as aggregation or as composition?

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• Economic modelling - Resources for valuing goods

  - by Rushyo

  tl;dr: What economic/computer science books would you suggest for learning about economic valuation of goods and simulations thereof? I'm looking to create an economic model for a game based on goods created procedurally. Every natural resource and produced good would be procedurally generated, with certain goods being assigned certain uses. Fakesium might be used for the production of Weapon A and produced from Fakesium factories which use Dilithium and Widgets as reagents, where Widgets are also the product of Foo and Bar The problem is not creating the resources and their various production utlities - but getting the game's AI empires and merchants to correctly value the goods according to their scarcity, utility and production costs. I need to create a simulation of goods which allows the various game factions to assign a common value denominator (credits) to each resource, depending on how much its worth to that empire. I see the simulation being something like: "I have a high requirement for Weapon A. Since I don't have much of Fakesium, which is needed for Weapon A - I must have a high demand for Fakesium. If I can acquire Fakesium, devalue it. If not, increase its value - and also increase demand for Dilithium and Widgets too." This is very naive - because it may be much much cheaper for the empire to simply purchase Dilithium and Widgets directly rather than purchasing Fakesium, for example. Another example is two resources might allow the creation of Weapon A (Fakesium and Lieron), so we'd need to consider that. I've been scratching my head over the problem and it keeps growing. By the time the player joins the world, I'd expect enough iterations of this process to have occurred that prices would have largely normalised - and would then only trigger rarely to compensate for major changes (eg. if the player blows up the world's only Foo mine!) Could anyone suggest resources (books, largely) which outline this style of modelling, preferably in the context of simulations? Since this problem would never occur outside fantasy worlds, I figured this is probably the most likely place to find people who have encountered similar problems and I'm sure there's people who know of good places for Games Developers to start looking at less specific economic theory too. Additionally, does anyone know of any developers with blogs whose games or research applications perform similar modelling?

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• Modelling highly specific business requirements

  - by AndyBursh

  How can one go about modelling highly specific business requirements, which have no precedent in the system? Take for example the following requirement: When a purchase order contains N lines, is over X value in total and is being recorded against project Y, an email needs to be sent to persons A and B with the details This requirement supplements other requirements surrounding purchase orders, but comes in at a much later date in response to some ongoing problem elsewhere in the business. Persons A and B are not part of any role or group in the system, and don't hold any specific responsibility; they are simply the two people the business has appointed to receive these emails in this very specific case. Projects are also data driven, so project Y has no special properties to distinguish it from any other project. The only way to identify it is to compare its identifier to a magic number. How can one go about modelling this kind of case without introducing too much additional complexity? That I can think of right now, there are a couple of options. Perform the checks and actions inline with the existing code. Here we find the correct spot in the code, check the conditions in the requirement and send the emails to hardcoded addresses. Of course this is fraught with issues. At the very least it stops working if one of these people leaves or changes their email address. At worst you have to ensure that any tests and test data are aware that additional actions are taken for a specific set of criteria. Introduce some form of events system. Here we introduce an eventing system, so that we might react to some event, and fulfil the requirement outside of the usual path of execution. This sounds like a cleaner solution than option 1, but the work involved is ultimately probably slightly overkill for this one small requirement. That said, having it in place does allow the system to handle these kinds of specific requirements consistently and easily in the future. Are there any other (good/better) ways of handling highly specific requirements? I mean other than telling the other parts of the business no!

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• User Interface functionality modelling languages?

  - by naugtur

  I am looking for a UI functionality modelling language (UML-alike "thing", but for user interfaces) that is already accepted and maybe has its design patterns and handles the problem better than state or activity diagram. (If there is no such thing I'm planning to develop that BTW :)) This question came to mind as a result of a discovery that UML and its diagrams fails at describing complicated UI functionality with event-driven flow of execution (ie. javascript/jQuery big projects) EDIT: I've been thinking of using BPMN but It was not created for this purpose. EDIT2: See this community topic of mine - I decided to start developing said language.

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• How to learn to draw UML sequence diagrams

  - by PeterT

  How can I learn to draw UML sequence diagrams. Even though I don't use UML much I find that type of diagrams to be quite expressive and want to learn how to draw them. I don't plan to use them to visualise a large chunks of code, hence I would like to avoid using tools, and learn how to draw them with just pen and paper. Muscle memory is good. I guess I would need to learn some basics of notation first, and then just practice it like in "take the piece of code, draw a seq. diagram visualising the code, then generate the diagram using some tool/website, then compare what I'd drawn to what the tool result. Find the differences, correct them, repeat.". Where do I start? Can you recommend a book or a web site or something else?

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• Useful UML Modeling: Don't Rewrite the UML

  Using a common language is about facilitating the team -- resist the urge to create the next Tower of Babel.

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• Useful UML Modeling: Don't Rewrite the UML

  Using a common language is about facilitating the team -- resist the urge to create the next Tower of Babel.

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• How to model "target day" in UML Classdiagrams

  - by Tobiask

  Hi there, I want to describe the following situation in an UML Classdiagram: A day, on which a newspaper is send to a customer. This day could be sth. like "every friday" or "every first day of a month". My idea to represent this in a UML Classdiagram: -targetDay:Integer -targetDayGrid:Enumeration targetDay would be sth. like "1" (for monday) oder "5" (for friday) or it could be "1" for the first day of the month or "10" for the 10th day of the month. targetDayGrid is an enum: weekly, monthly. So the enum sets the semantic meaning of the number in targetDay. I´m not happy with this, do you know any other solution to represent my problem? Or do you think my solution is okay?

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• UML Class Relationships

  - by 01010011

  Hi, I would like to confirm whether I am on the right track when identifying common UML class relationships. For example, is the relationship between: 1 a stackoverflow member and his/her stackoverflow user account categorized as a composition relationship or an aggregation relationship? At first I thought it was an association because this member "has a" account. However on second thought, I am thinking its composition because each "part" (user account) belongs to only one whole (user) at a time, meaning for as long as I am logged into stackoverflow, I have to use this one and only account until I log off. If I log back onto stackoverflow with a different account then its composition again. Do you agree? 2 a database and a person's user account an aggregation relationship? I think so because 1 database (the whole) can store 0...* number of user accounts (the parts) but another database can store the same user accounts. Finally, can anyone recommend a website that specializes in designing code using UML? Thanks in advance

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• Use case modelling for calculator

  - by kyrogue

  hi, i need help modelling a use case diagram from a topic, it will be in java GUI Design a Calculator that 1.Allow user to key in a legitimate arithmetic statement that involves number, operator +, - and bracket '(' and ')' ; 2.When user press “Calculate” button, display result; 3.Some legitimate statement would be ((3+2)-4+2) (equals 3) and (-2+3)-(3-1) (equals -1); 4.You should NOT use a pre-existing function that just take in the statement as a parameter and returns the result but you should write the logic of parsing every character in your code. 5.Store the last statement and answer so it is displayed when user press the “Last calculation” button. i have designed two use case diagrams using UML on netbeans 6.5.1, one of the use case i am not sure whether is it containing too much use cases etc, while the other is what i think could be too vague for the topic.i hope to get some feedback on whether the use case diagram are appropriate, thanks.

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• UML Diagrams of Multi-Threaded Applications

  - by PersonalNexus

  For single-threaded applications I like to use class diagrams to get an overview of the architecture of that application. This type of diagram, however, hasn’t been very helpful when trying to understand heavily multi-threaded/concurrent applications, for instance because different instances of a class "live" on different threads (meaning accessing an instance is save only from the one thread it lives on). Consequently, associations between classes don’t necessarily mean that I can call methods on those objects, but instead I have to make that call on the target object's thread. Most literature I have dug up on the topic such as Designing Concurrent, Distributed, and Real-Time Applications with UML by Hassan Gomaa had some nice ideas, such as drawing thread boundaries into object diagrams, but overall seemed a bit too academic and wordy to be really useful. I don’t want to use these diagrams as a high-level view of the problem domain, but rather as a detailed description of my classes/objects, their interactions and the limitations due to thread-boundaries I mentioned above. I would therefore like to know: What types of diagrams have you found to be most helpful in understanding multi-threaded applications? Are there any extensions to classic UML that take into account the peculiarities of multi-threaded applications, e.g. through annotations illustrating that some objects might live in a certain thread while others have no thread-affinity; some fields of an object may be read from any thread, but written to only from one; some methods are synchronous and return a result while others are asynchronous that get requests queued up and return results for instance via a callback on a different thread.

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• UML Class Diagram for User Login

  - by 01010011

  Hi, The diagram below is my very first attempt at creating a UML class diagram describing a user login into a website. I'm sure its a poor design and full of flaws, but I'm hoping to learn from you guys how you would design a simple login like this. I'm particularly interested in your use of design patterns and which patterns you would use, how you would implement it in the design, and why. Any advise, criticisms, comments and suggestions will be really appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• Generate UML from Flex Projects

  - by TERACytE

  Are there any good tools to generate UML class diagrams using the source code from a Flex Builder project? I have been trying IntelliJ but for some reason it generates the inherited class structure from the SDK and not everything below my main app.

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• UML interface: URL iframe integration

  - by Bernd

  I have two applications, A and B, both with a web-based user interface. Both applications are integrated via an URL iframe mechanism. A user can click on a link in application A and then gets the UI of application B as am iframe in application A. Now, since both applications have an interface between each other (do they?): Who provides the interface and who requires the interface, in the UML sense? What is the main information flow on this interface?

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• Are UML semantic variances necessary?

  - by Gabriel Šcerbák

  I am asking if it is necessary or useful to have semantic variances in UML. Would it not be more useful when it was more formal and therefore verifiable or even used for rapid prototyping. What is the benefit of the variance? Can you give some examples?

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• UML - Class Diagrams Order -> Products

  - by Phorce

  I have a class diagram that is like this: < Order > (1) CAN HAVE (M) < products > But therefore "Order" has the following: Order_Id Customer_Id Order_date_day Order_date_month Order_date_yeah But I do not know how it would handle the Products? Because, I couldn't have "ProductID" because that would mean that each item in this class would have to have a separate instance for each product (E.g. someone ordered 100 products, but only placed 1 order). Could I have an Product object in class Order? If so, how do you represent that in UML? Thank you

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• Verification of UML Class Diagram

  - by Jean Carlos Suárez Marranzini

  This is my UML Class Diagram made in Astah Community, for a tennis scoreboard game. Here's a link to the image (I don't have enough rep to post images): http://i47.tinypic.com/2lsxx90.png Points are calculated based on moves. Moves can be either points (for the player's advantage) or errors (for the opponent's advantage). The Time Machine allows you to travel to previous game states (expressed as scoreboards). The storage component should be able to store matches independently of the serialization format. The serializers and deserializers should be able to do their job regardless of where the storage lies. The GameEngine should be able to apply the rules of the game regardless of the particularities of the game (hence, dependency injection through the Settings class). The outcomes of games, sets and matches should be deducible based on the points and the rules to apply (the logic implementations are there to provide the rules). Could you please verify my design and tell me if there's anything wrong with it? Thanks in advance.

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• How to show an "or includes" relationship - UML Use case diagram

  - by TheNewBlack

  I haven't come across this issue before and can't find it in my Schaum's Outline UML book and was wondering if someone here could help. I'm making a use case diagram for e-commerce, and in it I want to describe that in order to add a book to your shopping basket, you have to either search products (using the websites search engine) or browse products (using navigation). But the thing is that it can be either one, and not both. Is there a way to show that adding a product to the basket needs to include either this or that? Because otherwise it would look like it needs to include both. Or should I join the two use cases (search products and browse products) into one?

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• Hints to properly design UML class diagram

  - by mic4ael

  Here is the problem. I have just started learning UML and that is why I would like to ask for a few cues from experienced users how I could improve my diagram because I do know it lacks a lot of details, it has mistakes for sure etc. Renovation company hires workers. Each employee has some kind of profession, which is required to work on a particular position. Workers work in groups consisting of at most 15 members - so called production units, which specializes in a specified kind of work. Each production unit is managed by a foreman. Every worker in order to be able to perform job tasks needs proper accessories. There are two kind of tools - light and heavy. To use heavy tools, a worker must have proper privileges. A worker can have at most 3 light tools taken from the warehouse.

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• Howto UML: sub methods / calls / operations / procedures

  - by hsmit

  How would you guys model this in UML (in a sequence diagram)? .. car1.drive(); .. ... in Car class: .. drive(){ this.startEngine(); } startEngine(){ this.getKey(); this.insertKey(); } .. a small begin: objx car1 ---- ---- | | | drive() | |-------->| startEngine() | |------------. | | | | |<-----------. | | But where comes the getKey() method? Must this be communicated via another sequence diagram? Or is there a way to include sub procedures?

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• UML Class Diagram: Abstract or Interface?

  - by J Smith

  I am modeling a class diagram and have spotted an opportunity to simplify it slightly. What I want to know is, would this it be better to implement an abstract class or an interface? The scenario is this, I have the classes: Artist Genre Album Song All of which share the methods getName, setName, and getCount (playcount that is). Would it be best to create an abstract 'Music' class with the aforementioned abstract methods, or should I create an interface, since the classes that implement the interface have to include all of the interface's methods (I think, correct me if I'm wrong). I hope I've given enough detail, please ask questions if I haven't. Thanks!

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