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  • Swap, Swapiness and Standby: swapping starts when waking up

    - by mdo
    I'm running running Ubuntu 12.04 on a Lenovo W500 (Core2Duo T9400, 4GB Ram) Current kernel: 3.2.0-32-generic #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 26 21:33:09 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux -- but the problems exists since a couple of months, surviving quite a few software (includig kernel) updates I regularly put my machine into suspend-to-ram (S3) and when the machine comes back up Ubuntu starts to swap out processes. I was able to observe that the used swap-space starts to grow right after the box returns. See munin graphs below, the gap (obviously) shows the timeframe in STR. Needless to say that the box becomes unusable while swapping, load goes up beyond 10. What I've done so far: lowered swappiness from default (60) to 10 (via /etc/sysctl.conf: vm.swappiness=10) -- this has improved the situation much, but sometimes the problem comes back, I have not found a trigger (like memory usage) for this for now lowered swappiness to 5 -- perhaps this has brought an improvement again Before going to STR the box ran stable without (swapping) problems for hours. Today when the issue showed up again I used this script (- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/479953/how-to-find-out-which-processes-are-swapping-in-linux) to find what processes have the most used swap space. The result after the swap orgy is like that (all PIDs with more than 10M usage): Overall swap used: 2121344 kB ======================================== kB pid name ======================================== 439520 17491 java 208148 22719 firefox 136640 4337 /usr/bin/quodli 120852 5271 chrome 81832 5264 chrome 74284 17003 chrome 65368 16960 chrome 57088 3675 chrome 56184 30923 chrome 54412 11331 chrome 54264 3878 chrome 51508 18382 chrome 50088 3163 zeitgeist-fts 49772 15543 chrome 41344 15355 compiz 35040 1161 mysqld 32124 18374 chrome 30940 11339 chrome 30044 5752 chrome 28780 4235 plugin-containe 24576 31246 empathy-chat 23840 17703 chrome 22512 3207 ubuntuone-syncd 21588 1937 ntop 18336 2021 asterisk 17200 3915 chrome 13964 1935 Xorg 12036 10679 chrome 11104 30782 empathy 11056 2889 python 10932 16565 knotify4 The java instance at the top is IntelliJ. IntelliJ, Firefox and Chrome also were all used right before the box was put to STR. So my question is: can I somehow prevent these swapouts AND why do they happen? Is it perhaps related to some misidentification of idle processes? I'm not looking for resolutions like: turn off swap buy more RAM Thanks in advance!

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  • The Raspberry Pi Now Has Its Own App Store

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    Raspberry Pi, the credit-card sized computer with an ARM processor, now has its own appstore where Raspberry Pi hobbyists and developers can share their creations in a one-stop location accessible to all Raspberry Pi users. In today’s press release about the store, the Raspberry Pi Foundation writes: We’ve been amazed by the variety of software that people have written for, or ported to, the Raspberry Pi. Today, together with our friends at IndieCity and Velocix, we’re launching the Pi Store to make it easier for developers of all ages to share their games, applications, tools and tutorials with the rest of the community. The Pi Store will, we hope, become a one-stop shop for all your Raspberry Pi needs; it’s also an easier way into the Raspberry Pi experience for total beginners, who will find everything they need to get going in one place, for free. The store runs as an X application under Raspbian, and allows users to download content, and to upload their own content for moderation and release. At launch, we have 23 free titles in the store, ranging from utilities like LibreOffice and Asterisk to classic games like Freeciv and OpenTTD and Raspberry Pi exclusive Iridium Rising. We also have one piece of commercial content: the excellent Storm in a Teacup from Cobra Mobile. For more information about the store, including how to install the app store on your Pi, check out the full press release here. To get started browsing the store, hit up the link below. Secure Yourself by Using Two-Step Verification on These 16 Web Services How to Fix a Stuck Pixel on an LCD Monitor How to Factory Reset Your Android Phone or Tablet When It Won’t Boot

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  • OSB and Ubuntu 10.04 - Too Many Open Files

    - by jeff.x.davies
    When installing the latest Oracle Service Bus (11gR1PS3) onto my Ubuntu 10.04 system, the Eclipse IDE was complaining about there being too many open files. The Oracle Service Bus and the Oracle Enterprise Pack for Eclipse (aka OEPE) do make use of ALOT of files. By default, Ubuntu will restrict each user to 1024 open files. A much more realistic number for OSB development is 4096. Changing the file limit in Ubuntu is fairly simple (if arcane). You will need to modify two different files and then restart your server. First, you need to modify the limits.conf file as the root user. Open a terminal window and enter the following command: sudo gedit /etc/security/limits.conf Add the following 2 lines to the file. The asterisk simply means that the rule will apply to all users. * soft nofile 4096 * hard nofile 4096 Save your changes and close gedit. The second file to change is the common-session file. Use the following command: sudo gedit /etc/pam.d/common-session Add the following line: session required pam_limits.so Save the file and exit gedit. Restart your machine. You shouldn't have any more problems with too many open files anymore.

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  • disk space worngly displayed after installing LVM disk

    - by Ubuntuser
    I installed ubuntu server using LVM partitioning on a 1 TB hard disk. However, after installation, i can only see 10 Gig space here is the fidsk output ` # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00041507 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 10 71680 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 10 121602 976689152 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/dm-0: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/dm-1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table You have new mail in /var/mail/root and df -h output df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/system-root 9.9G 6.6G 2.8G 71% / devtmpfs 1.9G 232K 1.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 4.0K 1.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 68M 22M 43M 34% /boot tmpfs 6.0G 0 6.0G 0% /var/spool/asterisk/monitor You have new mail in /var/mail/root ` any way to increase this space without reisntalling?

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  • Update Your NetBeans Plugin's "Supported NetBeans Versions" In The Next Two Weeks!

    - by Geertjan
    For each NetBeans plugin uploaded to the NetBeans Plugin Portal, the registration page starts like this: Note how the "Supported NetBeans Versions" field is empty, i.e., no checkbox is checked, for the plugin above. As you can also see, there is a red asterisk next to this field, which means it is mandatory. It is mandatory for the latest version of the NetBeans Plugin Portal, while it wasn't mandatory before, so that several plugins were registered without their supported version being set. Therefore, since the version is now mandatory, anyone who doesn't want their plugin to be hidden for the rest of this year, and removed on 1 January 2013 if no one complains about their absence, needs to go to their plugin's registration page and set a NetBeans Version. E-mails have been sent to plugin developers of unversioned plugins already, over the last weeks. Currently there are 91 plugins that still need to have their NetBeans Version set. Probably at least 1/3 of those are my own plugins, so this is as much a reminder to myself as anyone else! Whether or not you have received an e-mail asking you to set a NetBeans Version for your plugins, please take a quick look anyway and maybe this is a good opportunity to update other information relating to your plugin. You (and I) have two weeks: on Monday 16 April, any NetBeans plugin in the Plugin Portal without a NetBeans Version will be hidden. And then removed, at the start of next year, if no one complains.

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  • Validate that a Checkbox is checked using javascript

    - by H(at)Ni
    I was facing a challenge yesterday that I was creating a Visual webpart and I wanted to validate the a submit button is only visible if the user checked a "I agree to terms" checkbox. Something was weired that I tested my code on a normal asp.net website and it worked perfectly while it had a different behaviour inside the webpart which is whenever I check the checkbox, the button is enabled but it will not fire the asp.net validators in client side. It posts back the page and then the validators appear after that. So, I tried to change my type of thinking and I reached a different solution is that to call a javascript function whenever the button is clicked and then check if the checkbox is clicked or not. To illustrate more, here are an example to what I'm saying: 1. Button in aspx page: <asp:Button OnClientClick="CheckForCondition();"  ValidationGroup="CompaniesSection" ID="btnCompaniesSubmit"                         runat="server" Text="Submit" /> 2. CheckForCondition() function: <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">                         function CheckForCondition() {                             if ($jq('#<%= ChkCompanyCheck.ClientID %>:checked').val() == undefined) {                                 $jq('#lblCheckBox').show();                                 return false;                             }                             else {                                 $jq('#lblCheckBox').hide();                                 return true;                             }                         }                      </script> 3. lblCheckBox is simply a label that shows a red asterisk beside the checkbox to indicate that it's a required field. <label id="lblCheckBox" style="color:Red;display:none">*</label>

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  • EntityFramework EntityState and databinding along with INotifyPropertyChanged

    - by OffApps Cory
    Hello, all! I have a WPF view that displays a Shipment entity. I have a textblock that contains an asterisk which will alert a user that the record is changed but unsaved. I originally hoped to bind the visibility of this (with converter) to the Shipment.EntityState property. If value = EntityState.Modified Then Return Visibility.Visible Else Return Visibility.Collapsed End If The property gets updated just fine, but the view is ignorant of the change. What I need to know is, how can I get the UI to receive notification of the property change. If this cannot be done, is there a good way of writing my own IsDirty property that handles editing retractions (i.e. if I change the value of a property, then change it back to it's original it does not get counted as an edit, and state remains Unchanged). Any help, as always, will be greatly appreciated. Cory

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  • Visual studio 2008 Professional Edition acting weird

    - by Andres
    I have a weird situation on a winform project. I have user control (with 600 lines of code around) with a datagridview. I change de ColumnHeaderStyle of the font and save it. After I save the file I close it and open again, the changes were not saved (although the asterisk is dissapeared), because the ColumnHeaderStyle is back to the former value. This is driving me crazy because I cannot change any visual thing in the Designer. Any clue? Thanks in advance.

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  • In OpenRasta, how do I configure a URI where I get "the remainder of the path" as a single string?

    - by Daniel Earwicker
    Normally in OpenRasta there is some configuration like this: ResourceSpace.Has.ResourcesOfType<Customers>() .AtUri("/customers/region/{region}") ... // and so on ... where the {region} part of the path is automatically mapped to a string parameter in the handling method. So if the user hits: http://server/customers/region/emea Then the handler method is passed the string "emea". As well as doing this, I'd like to register a handler with something like this: ResourceSpace.Has.ResourcesOfType<Customers>() .AtUri("/someotherthing/*") ... // and so on In this imaginary syntax, the asterisk would mean "take the rest of the path, including slashes, to be a single string parameter to pass to the handling method". And so if the user hits: http://server/someotherthing/how/about/this?that=other Then my handler method receives a string parameter: how/about/this?that=other Is such a thing possible in OpenRasta? In Sinatra (Ruby) I'd use a regular expression to do exactly this.

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  • why the hell does x,y = zip(*zip(a,b)) work in Python?

    - by Mike Dewar
    OK I love Python's zip() function. Use it all the time, it's brilliant. Every now and again I want to do the opposite of zip(), think "I used to know how to do that", then google python unzip, then remember that one uses this magical * to unzip a zipped list of tuples. Like this: x = [1,2,3] y = [4,5,6] zipped = zip(x,y) unzipped_x, unzipped_y = zip(*zipped) unzipped_x Out[30]: (1, 2, 3) unzipped_y Out[31]: (4, 5, 6) What on earth is going on? What is that magical asterisk doing? Where else can it be applied and what other amazing awesome things in Python are so mysterious and hard to google?

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  • Adding Images to an ASP .Net Chart Control

    - by wali
    Hello all! I'm not sure if I titled the question correctly so it would be better if I explained what I'm trying to do. I am using the ASP .Net Chart Control to create a line chart showing numbers of trouble calls based on date. What I would like to do is implement a way of annotating the chart with data whereas if there was a spike in trouble calls a line, or asterisk, etc would direct the viewer to "read notes below for an explanation for why the numbers spiked here". From the samples for the chart control there is a way you can add a bitmap to the chart, however I don't see how that will be effective here because the explanations will come dynamically from a database. If anyone's done something like this or has some guidance I'd appreciate it. Thanks!

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  • Avoiding jagged text when pasting into vi?

    - by overtherainbow
    Hello Although I have no problem using SecureCRT (5.1.2 build 274) to work from Windows and connect to PC's running Linux, I have a problem when connecting to an embedded Asterisk appliance that provides"vi" through BusyBox 1.4.1 (2008-03-10). The issue I'm having, is that when I paste code into vi, the text appears jagged like this: <?php try { $dbh = new PDO("sqlite:./db.sqlite"); $dbh->exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS customer (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name VARCHAR(255))"); Does someone what the problem is? Is there a way to reconfigure either BusyBox or SecureCRT so that I can paste successfully? Thank you.

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  • Programmatically dial a series of numbers on a modem?

    - by Nathan Long
    At work, we just got a large number exotic cellular devices that need to be programmed. To do this, you plug in a standard home telephone and dial a series of numbers, with pauses between them. To me, this is a task that begs to be automated, and we've got one Linux desktop (a test Asterisk machine) with a modem on it. Does anybody know an easy way to approach this task? I could install Ruby or Python on that desktop. I also know PHP, but I'm not sure how to run it outside of a server setup, and it seems silly to install Apache for this.

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  • Outlook Macro to Search

    - by Corpa Loom
    What's the best way to automate this function? I want to be able to do this in Outlook 2010, (1)select a specific mail account (2)Key in a folder that I am looking for (3)Then have the macro/program fire off an "*" asterisk (4)Then insert the text that I keyed in step one. I am trying to automate the search for a folder hot-keys that already exist. My problem is that I can't type the folder that I am looking for fast enough and all the search programs that I have used are far too slow. The hot-key search is awesome and super fast, I just can't type the folder that I am looking for fast enough. Can this process be automated? And I can't use this code, it is far too slow: http://www.vboffice.net/sample.html?mnu=2&smp=82&cmd=showitem&lang=en

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  • Customizing Django Form: Required and InputId?

    - by Mark
    I'm trying to customize how my form is displayed by using a form_snippet as suggested in the docs. Here's what I've come up with so far: {% for field in form %} <tr> <th><label for="{{ field.html_name }}">{{ field.label }}:</label></th> <td> {{ field }} {% if field.help_text %}<br/><small class="help_text">{{ field.help_text }}</small>{% endif %} {{ field.errors }} </td> </tr> {% endfor %} Of course, field.html_name is not what I'm looking for. I need the id of the input field. How can I get that? Also, is there a way I can determine if the field is required, so that I can display an asterisk beside the label?

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  • What is the precedence of characters when sorting in MySQL, PHP, or just in general?

    - by FireCoding
    Question: Where can I find the precedence of characters when sorting in MySQL, PHP, or just in general on Linux and Windows OS? For example, everybody knows that a comes before b when performing an ascending sort on a string in MySQL. But what about other characters? Does the dollar-sign $ come before asterisk * ? Does a space come before an exclamation-mark? etc... What dictates the sort order? Does it use underlying ascii / UTF-8 values? Is it different for different technologies? Technologies to consider: Databases - MySQL / SQL / SQLite / Oracle / etc Programming languages (for string-sorting functions) - PHP / Javascript / ASP.NET / Visual C# / Python / Ruby / Objective C OS (i.e., sorting files by filename) - Windows / Linux / MacOS / iOS / Android

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  • Reading function pointer syntax

    - by bobobobo
    Everytime I look at a C function pointer, my eyes glaze over. I can't read them. From here, here are 2 examples of function pointer TYPEDEFS: typedef int (*AddFunc)(int,int); typedef void (*FunctionFunc)(); Now I'm used to something like: typedef vector<int> VectorOfInts ; Which I read as typedef vector<int> /* as */ VectorOfInts ; But I can't read the above 2 typedefs. The bracketing and the asterisk placement, it's just not logical. Why is the * beside the word AddFunc..?

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  • SIP and NAT routers?

    - by OverTheRainbow
    Hello SIP was not built with NAT routers in mind, and I'd like to get to the bottom of this issue to check what needs to be done on all devices so it works with NAT routers, and understand in what context it just can't be used and I should check more NAT-friendly alternatives like IAX. A picture being worth a thousand words, here's the layout I need to use: http://img62.imageshack.us/img62/4077/sipandnatrouters.jpg The PBX server is located in the private LAN behind a NAT router connected to the Internet (I know it'd be easier if it were located in the public network, but this router doesn't support DMZ's so the server has to be in the private network) A couple of (soft|hard)phones are located on the same LAN and connected to the PBX server, along with a PSTN gateway (Linksys 3102 or a Digium PCI card) Remote users using (soft|hard)phones are located somewhere on the Net with dynamic IP's and are also located behind NAT routers I may or may not have control over the local NAT router where the PBX server is located, but I have no control over the remote NAT routers, either because the users don't have the computer knowledge to map ports or because the routers are off-limit (eg. web cafés, hotel LAN's, etc.) Is it possible to configure the PBX server, the (soft|hard)phones, and the PSTN gateway so that the all conversations work fine, no matter the endpoints (POTS caller/local phone, POTS caller/remote phone, local phones, remote phone/local phone)? In which cases may I expect problems, and are there solutions? FWIW, I'm leaning toward using Freeswitch, but I could end up using Asterisk if there are technical advantages to it in this context. Thank you for any info.

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  • Using modem for sending voice recording

    - by ircmaxell
    I've got an interesting one for you. I've been going over my server monitoring and notification systems (Nagios based), and realized that if our internet connection goes down, there's no way for it to notify me. I already have a modem listening (Via CentOS 5) on a spare POTS line so that I can dial-in in case our internet goes down. I was wondering if I could come up with a script (Shell, Python, etc) that can dial out and play a recorded message (wave file I'm guessing) when it's picked up. I know Windows supports voice calls over a voice modem, I was wondering if a solution existed for Linux... I know asterisk can probably do it, but isn't that overkill (A full blown VOIP system just for a notification mechanism that will hopefully never be used)? And wouldn't it interfere with the modem's primary function as a backup network interface (PPP spawned via mgetty)? I've done some searching, and haven't really come up with much. I know how to dial out from the command line, but only as a modem (not as voice). Worst case, I could set it up to dial out as a modem, and then just realize that if I get a call with modem sounds from that number that it's the notification... Any insight would be appreciated...

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  • Simulated NAT Traversal on Virtual Box

    - by Sumit Arora
    I have installed virtual box ( with Two virtual Adapters(NAT-type)) - Host (Ubuntu -10.10) - Guest-Opensuse-11.4 . Objective : Trying to simulate all four types of NAT as defined here : https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/TOP/NAT+Traversal+Testing Simulating the various kinds of NATs can be done using Linux iptables. In these examples, eth0 is the private network and eth1 is the public network. Full-cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j DNAT --to-destination Restricted cone iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p udp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -j DROP iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state NEW -j DROP Port-restricted cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source Symmentric echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables --flush iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE --random iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT What I did : OpenSuse guest with Two Virtual adapters - eth0 and eth1 -- eth1 with address 10.0.3.15 /eth1:1 as 10.0.3.16 -- eth0 with address 10.0.2.15 now running stund(http://sourceforge.net/projects/stun/) client/server : Server eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./server -v -h 10.0.3.15 -a 10.0.3.16 Client eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./client -v 10.0.3.15 -i 10.0.2.15 On all Four Cases It is giving same results : test I = 1 test II = 1 test III = 1 test I(2) = 1 is nat = 0 mapped IP same = 1 hairpin = 1 preserver port = 1 Primary: Open Return value is 0x000001 Q-1 :Please let me know If any has ever done, It should behave like NAT as per description but nowhere it working as a NAT. Q-2: How NAT Implemented in Home routers (Usually Port Restricted), but those also pre-configured iptables rules and tuned Linux

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  • Need advise for choosing software\hardware for virtualization.

    - by Anatoly
    Currently we have these servers : Windows SBS 2003 premium on IBM X266 double Xeon F43, 2GB ram. DC, exchange (70 users), Mssql. Windows 2003 R2 32bit on IBM x3400 with double XEON E5310 and 4GB ram. Terminal server (40+ users), ERP application based on uniPaaS platform from Magicsoftware, and Pervasive sql. Ubuntu 8.04 (simple pc box) with squid proxy, GLPI system and PHPBB3 forum for internal use. Recently number of concurrent users on Terminal server passed 40 users in rush hours and it gets stuck frequently. Therefore we need an upgrade. I think about transfer all physical servers to virtual servers based on cluster of 2 physical servers for reducing downtime. I think we will grow till 50-60 concurrent terminal users in rush hours. I also plan to virtualize 10-15 Win XP/7 workstation (office,ERP etc), and there is a little probability for Asterisk\Hylafax for 100 users (if it possible on same VM). Also we need NAS storage for 2-3TB. What hardware upgrade/purchase we need for complete this task? Which VM solution is preferable VmWare or Hyper-V? What backup software should we choose? Acronis or something another? Thank you in advance.

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  • Setup a Reverse Proxy with Nginx and Apache on EC2

    - by heavymark
    Good Day, I am currently using the free Amazon EC2 micro instance to learn Linux and server setup. I wish to setup Nginx as a reverse web proxy. I found a great article on mediatemple on how to do it: http://wiki.mediatemple.net/w/Using_Nginx_as_a_Reverse_Web_Proxy The directions work for most any server except for EC2.One difference between EC2 and MediaTemple is how IPs work. Overall EC2 instances do not know their elastic IP. So when following the wiki directions in the virtual hosts for instance instead of myip:80 for instance I put *:80. When just using Apache this works perfectly. In the apache virtual hosts I did "127.0.0.1:80" and in the Nginx I put *:80. Apache restarts, by Nginx provides an error that it cannot bind because the ip is already in use. If I could add an actual IP in the Nginx file it would work but since EC2 requires me to put in the asterisk it ends up conflicting with the apache virtual hosts entry. Anyone know a simple way around this (other than not using EC2) ;-) Thank you! Cheers, Christopher

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  • Looking for ballpark pricing on an affordable a Cisco VOIP solution for our office

    - by guytech
    We have about 8 incoming PSTN lines that are currently on an old and antiquated Nortel Meridian ICS system. This system has been giving us some grief. We're looking for a new VOIP solution. I've been looking at a Cisco solution and it does seem pricey but I'm sure effective. Unfortunately, we probably can't afford a Cisco Unified Communications 520 which seems to be the ideal solution. We have about 15 people who need an extension and voicemail. We really don't have any need for a fancy system just an auto attendant of some sort when people call us. It looks like we'll have to get an older router and an addon card for what we're looking for to get best value pricing. However, I don't know a a lot about Cisco voice products so I'm a bit lost as to what to get. The only thing I am sure on is the pricing on VOIP phones which we expect to be about ~$100-200. However, I'm not sure what pieces of VOIP infrastructure to get. Any advice? I am familiar with Asterisk but right now I'm looking on pricing concerning a Cisco solution.

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  • iptables to block non-VPN-traffic if not through tun0

    - by dacrow
    I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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  • iptables to block VPN-traffic if not through tun0

    - by dacrow
    I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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