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• Best Small Linux Distribution for rDesktop

  - by d2jxp

  What would be the best linux distribution to use just for the purpose of rDesktop? We're trying to decide if we should get rid of old computers or just use them as thin-clients to connect to virtual Windows 7 machines on our network. I would like something with as little bloat as possible and can be run from a USB flash drive. I have tried SliTaz, ThinStation, and Pixil from Century Software. SliTaz has been my favorite so far but I still want to know if there's something better that's also easily customizable.

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• How to properly shutdown or reboot a Unix/Linux server

  - by hatorade

  What is the correct way to turn off a Unix/Linux server? From my googling, I have learned (hopefully) the following: shutdown: I should use this, with the parameter -h to halt, or the parameter -r to reboot halt: halts the computer (stops the processor? does this physically turn the power of the computer off?). I think this will call shutdown if not at init0, otherwise just halts. reboot: if not at init6, calls shutdown, otherwise just reboots the computer. if all that is correct, then the only thing I can't figure out is what exactly 'halt' does. Does it just stop the processor but not turn the computer physically off? How do I "poweroff" the computer? Thanks

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• How to perform fresh linux install while preserving software raid and user accounts

  - by slayton

  I have a system with two software raid arrays. The OS is Ubuntu 9.04 and is no longer receiving updates. I'd like to update the system to 12.04 rather than trying to do the automatic update from 9.04-> 9.10-> ... -> 12.04. My main drive has 2 partitions that are mounted at / and /home. Is it possible to do a fresh install of linux to the partition where / is mounted while preserving user accounts and preferences (such as passwords, home dir locations, etc...)? Additionally what do I need to do to keep my software raid array intact following the OS re-install?

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• linux kernel option to set sata disk to udma/133 1.5gbps

  - by John Doe

  hi, i try to speed up boot time of my linux server box which uses removable HDD rack's the current boot time is around 2 min's but if i connect the hdd's directly to the mainboard its about 2 sec's the problem is that ahci's kernel implementation causes a timeout of around 30 seconds for each disk during boot which originates from the hdd-rack after the timeout the kernel prints that the disk is limited with speed to 1.5gbps and udma/133 is used so the question i have is: how can i set this in grub as a boot option so the kernel doesnt have to wait for a timeout and just hardcoded limits the speed of the disks? i read about a few options like pci=nomsi or such, which dont work thats why im asking for limiting precisely the disks during boot thx

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• Convert VM running on Linux hypervisor to OVF/VMDK

  - by blade

  Hi, I have a bunch of VMs on a Linux hypervisor (cloudsigma.com to be precised). I want to convert these to deploy to an ESX hypervisor (opsource cloud server), but need to create an ovf with the vmdk. I don't have access to the hypervisor of either service but opsource allow me to import ovf/vmdk so this is possible. What tool can create an ovf (With vmdk) of a Windows OS? I am not sure if VCenter Converter would work as it requires access to the hypervisor, if I remember correctly. I am hoping for something like vhd2disk which will create a .vhd of the currently running, parent Windows OS on a system. Thanks

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• send email from linux

  - by mustapha georges

  I built a Linux server (CentOS). I have an application that sends email using the Zemd_Mail class which uses SMTP. The application configuration asks for Host Port Return path (Y/N) but does not provide explanation. What do I need to set this up? Can I use a gmail account to forward the mail? When I try to send mail now, it does not arrive. I get this log in /var/log/maillog Nov 7 21:50:26 localhost sendmail[8328]: qA82oQEP008328: to==?utf-8?B?bWFydGluLmN5dHJ5bmJhdW0=?= <[email protected]>, ctladdr=apache (48/48), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30467, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (qA82oQHr008329 Message accepted for delivery)

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• graph performance monitor windows and linux

  - by Patrik

  We are using Munin to get graphs of our servers. (such as CPU load, I/O, available disk space, etc. ) Munin gives us last 24h, last 7 days, last month and last year. The good thing with Munin is that it supports all kinds of clients, such as Windows, Linux and switches because it can monitor over SNMP. However, we have a problem with the Munin client for Windows. Since we upgraded to Windows Server 2008 R2 it won't show graphs for some performance counters. What options are there out there? Both free and commercial.

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• Upgrade a legacy, expired RHEL 3.4.6 server to modern Centos/Scientific Linux

  - by Gabriel Tasiopoulos

  I have a machine running a legacy J2EE app. The code is not Maven-ized and it works with pretty old Java and Postgres versions. I have converted it to a VM in ESXI and I'd like to try to upgrade it to a modern, binary-compatible version of RHEL (Centos or Scientific LInux) and see if things would still work. Where should I start? Am I being too optimistic with this one? It's more of an experiment and I'm not doing it on a production machine. But given the OS is pretty old I am looking for a way to do this eventually. Many thanks

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• trying to understand how Linux /etc/hosts file works with local and external IP addresses

  - by gkdsp

  Let's say I have a Linux server with an external IP of 123.456.789.012 and a local IP of 192.168.0.1. If it's /etc/hosts file looks like, for example, 123.456.789.012 host2.mydomain.com 192.168.0.1 host2.mydomain.com When an application on the server generates traffic to send using host2.mydomain.com, how does the server know whether to use the local or external IP address (since the same host name shows two IP addresses)? Or, does it need something additional than what I've presented here to decide this? Or, does it just sent it out as host2.mydomain.com and let the receiving end deal with it (if so, how to make sure traffic intended for local network indeed goes to local network)?

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• Open ports for Apache Tomcat-7.0.32 on Linux Mandriva

  - by ivanov-void

  I installed Apache Tomcat-7.0.32 on Linux Mandriva and I want to make it accessible. for this I need to open ports in iptables. I added the following rules- iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8081 --syn -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8010 --syn -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8444 --syn -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8006 --syn -j ACCEPT then save and restart iptables - /etc/init.d/iptables save /etc/init.d/iptables restart verify, that ports is open - netstat -tulpn | less I am running command - netstat-ntpl | grep java and see - When I disable the firewall, I see the start page of the server on request - http://server_ip:8081/ When enable - server not accessible from outside. In what may be the cause? I would be most grateful for the information! Thank you!

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• How to tell if linux disk IO is causing excessive (> 1 second) application stalls

  - by noahz

  I have a Java application performing a large volume (hundreds of MB) of continuous output (streaming plain text) to about a dozen files a ext3 SAN filesystem. Occasionally, this application pauses for several seconds at a time. I suspect that something related to ext3 vsfs (Veritas Filesystem) functionality (and/or how it interacts with the OS) is the culprit. What steps can I take to confirm or refute this theory? I am aware of iostat and /proc/diskstats as starting points. Revised title to de-emphasize journaling and emphasize "stalls" I have done some googling and found at least one article that seems to describe behavior like I am observing: Solving the ext3 latency problem Additional Information Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga) Kernel: 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 Primary application disk is fiber-channel SAN: lspci | grep -i fibre 14:00.0 Fibre Channel: Emulex Corporation Saturn-X: LightPulse Fibre Channel Host Adapter (rev 03) Mount info: type vxfs (rw,tmplog,largefiles,mincache=tmpcache,ioerror=mwdisable) 0 0 cat /sys/block/VxVM123456/queue/scheduler noop anticipatory [deadline] cfq

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• linux/solaris kill many proccess with one command

  - by yael

  Is it possible to kill all find process with one command? I do not want to kill each process as kill -9 25295 , kill -9 11994 , etc.. Rather, what I want is a simple way or command that kill all find process (my target is to perfrom this action on linux and solaris machines). $ ps -ef | grep find root 25295 25290 0 08:59:59 pts/1 0:01 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.152 {} ; -print root 11994 26144 0 09:04:18 pts/1 0:00 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.153 {} ; -print root 25366 25356 0 08:59:59 pts/1 0:01 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.154 {} ; -print root 26703 26658 0 09:00:05 pts/1 0:01 find /etc -type f -exec grep -l 100.106.23.155 {} ; -print

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• Resilient Linux Mail Server Setup

  - by Coops

  How would people design a resilient mail server setup with Linux? On an application level what the system needs to provide is both an incoming and outgoing mail service (i.e. SMTP & IMAP), along with filtering and archive storage (the archive part isn't critical yet, so we'll look at this later probably). What is required on top of this is a resilient system, i.e. one which will handle individual server failures without interrupting service. As such I would term this a High Availability mail system. This is in contrast to a High Performance mail setup, as in our case the volume of mail being handled isn't the important factor, it's simply that it stays online. Having not approached this problem before, the first thing I thought of was a clustered file system (gfs/gluster/etc), combined with heartbeat to failover a floating IP to another box in the case of a server failure. Combined with postfix & dovecot does this sound feasible to people?

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• writing data onto a linux live-dvd

  - by stanleyxu2005

  I have a server machine with a dvd-writer. I want to burn a linux live-dvd (openSUSE is preferred) with a pre-configured web server, so that after booting the web server should be ready to serve. The web server has a sqlite database (with very less data). But after rebooting the system, all data in the database will get lost. Is it possible to store all necessary data onto this live-dvd as well? If it were a usb drive. I would create two partition and mount the second partition with read-write permission. But I have no idea how to create two partition onto a dvd Any hint is appreciated

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• How do you pronounce Linux?

  - by Xerxes

  I'm tired of the old fart at work who keeps coming upto my desk and telling me all about his "years of experience in working with Unix and Lye-nix". I couldn't vent it out at him because that would be wrong, so I'm going to vent it out here - because obviously (that's the right thing to do...). Anyway, for all the people that practice in this disgusting behaviour - the pronunciation is.... (Hmmm - anyone know phonetics?) - "Li-nix" Note: Despite hating him for this - he is otherwise a very nice (but sometimes rather annoying) person. Now... to formally make this a "question" - Could someone write the phonetics for pronouncing "Linux", and also the notorious "Lye-nix", so I can make a note of it for future ventings? I think this is right... L?n?x, NOT L?n?x. ...or perhaps... L?n?x, NOT L?n?x* Can someone confirm the correct phonetics? (Listen to Linus on the matter).

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• Staggering java linux process startup to prevent OOM

  - by ctennis

  I am running a number of java processes on a single Linux machine. From a memory and computing standpoint, everything is fine when things are static. However, periodically we use a configuration management package up upgrade the jar or war files, and restart the java process. The problem is, that is restarts them all relatively quickly, and so we get 10 or so java VMs restarting all at the same time (we use daemontools for the service stops/starts), which wreaks havoc on the machine, in terms of OOMs or just really slow. This is because it's spawning the JVM 10x at the same time. Other than trying to stagger the startups, is there a smarter way of handling this? Maybe a sysctl tuning performance parameters, or a JVM parameter?

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• How to forward connection from one interface to another under linux

  - by Daniel

  Hi, I have linux box which has two network interface, eth0, eth1. from eth1 I can access an internal website, say under port 8080. from outside the box, I can't access that network. my question is, is there a way I set up something so from outside the box, there appears to be a web server running in port 8080 and when I connect to it, it automatically forwards to eht1 the internal site? I tried to enable ip forward and add a static route, but it doesn't work. thanks.

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• Stupid question: prevent file from being changed under linux

  - by Josh

  Ok. Stupid question. I have forgotten what this is called and without remembering the name the search function on the site and on google is failing me. What's the command under linux to mark a file as "locked"/to prevent any changes from being made to it? I'm not talking about chmod. There's a property that can be set (again the name escapes me at the moment) which prevents even processes running as root from changing a file. What is this called and how do I set it?

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• Configuring linux server firewall to allow access from a certain range of IP addresses

  - by eggman20

  Hi Guys, I'm new to linux server. I'm currently trying to get an Ubuntu 10.10 server up and running for the first time and I'm using Webmin for administration. I'm stuck on the setting up the firewall. What I need to do is to ONLY allow a range of IPs (e.g 128.171.21.1 - 128.171.21.100) to access the HTTP server and Webmin. I've seen a lot of tutorials but none of them fits what I needed. Thanks in advance!

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• Maximum memory allocation for 32bit linux kernel

  - by LedZeppelin

  I was reading this article that talks about how maximum amount of ram dedicated for kernel usage in 32 bit windows is 2GB even when the total amount of ram is 4GB. http://www.brianmadden.com/blogs/brianmadden/archive/2004/02/19/the-4gb-windows-memory-limit-what-does-it-really-mean.aspx\ Is this the same for 32bit linux environments like 32-bit ubuntu 10.04? IE is the max kernel allocation 2GB ram even if the total main memory 4GB? If you increase the total amount of memory to 64GB of ram by recompiling the kernel with the PAE option enabled, what is the maximum amount of ram you can dedicate for kernel usage? Is it still 2GB? Or can you increase it?

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• Cloning a linux system from sdx to cciss

  - by churnd

  I have an HP ML 310 server running CentOS Linux 5.5. I'm buying a RAID card (LSI 9260-8i) to set up a mirrored OS drive. Right now, the boot drive is set up with GRUB installed on the MBR of /dev/sda & has a 100MB /boot partition for /dev/sda1, then the rest is configured in LVM with a 20GB with a 20GB VG for the root partition & ~80GB VG for home. The new disk sizes will also be slightly larger as well. What is the best way to clone the boot drive to the new CCISS device?

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• How to troubleshoot latency between 2 linux hosts

  - by Jimm

  The latency between 2 linux hosts is about .23ms. They are connected by one switch. Ping & Wireshark confirm the latency number. But, i dont have any visibility into what is causing this latency. How can i know if the latency is due to NIC on host A or B or the switch or the cables? UPDATE: The .23 ms latency is bad for my existing application, which sends messages at very high frequency and i am trying to see if it can be brought down to .1ms

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• Troubleshooting "connection reset" error on my linux server

  - by Chris

  I fervently hope someone here can help me with the problem I am experiencing. I am a programmer, and I have very little understanding of linux sysadmin terminology/concepts. I am attempting to troubleshoot a problem with my website. It is a Facebook app, and whenever I try to connect using Chrome, I get an error stating that the "connection was reset". I have been Googling for four days straight trying to find a solution to this problem, but no joy. A big part of the problem is that I do not understand the terminology being employed, and the output from many of the tools referenced is likewise indecipherable to me. I am running a VPS with CentOS 5, apache, PHP, and MySQL. I could spam this post with a ton of information from my iptables, apache, etc but if anyone needs information from my server, please let me know how to get it, and I will post it here. Thank you for any help you can offer!

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• Ethernet port sleeping on PS3 running linux

  - by Doug

  My lab has a PS3 running Ubuntu Linux 9.04 Server Edition. After a period of a few hours with no use, the Ethernet connection (eth0) seems to go to sleep, causing the connection to be lost. Pinging or trying to SSH into the machine results in no response. The fix I've been using is to access the machine locally and restart it (trying to bring eth0 down then up doesn't seem to correct it). I've tried setting up an hourly cron job that runs on the PS3 and pings another machine just to create network activity, but this doesn't seem to solve the problem either. Update: The solution was to run the above cron job much more frequently: every 10 minutes works.

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• configuring linux server to send traffic to local machines using local IP address

  - by gkdsp

  Two linux servers, server1 and server2, are on the same local network (they also have access to an external network). Server2 has a local IP of 192.168.0.2 and a host name of host2.mydomain.com. QUESTION 1: If an application on server1 sends traffic to server2 using a host name of host2.mydomain.com, what determines whether this traffic is routed to server2 using the local or external network? QUESTION 2: To ensure that all traffic sent from server1 to server2 always uses the local network, could I simply include in the server1 /etc/hosts file the following? 192.168.0.2 host2.mydomain.com ...the thinking being, if the servers are always on the same network there should never be a need for server2 to send traffic to server1 via the external network (that I can think of anyway). Is this done in practice, or is some other method preferred?

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