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  • Searching algorithmics: Parsing and processing a request

    - by James P.
    Say you were to create a search engine that can accept a query statement under the form of a String. The statement can be used to retrieve different types of objects with a given set of characteristics and possibly linked to other objects. In plain english or pseudo-code using an OOP approach, how would you go about parsing and processing statements as follows to get the series of desired objects ? get fruit with colour green get variety of apples, pears from Andy get strawberry with colour "deep red" and origin not Spain get total of sales of melons between 2010-10-10 and 2010-12-30 get last deliverydate of bananas from "Pete" and state not sold Hope the question is clear. If not I'll be more than happy to reformulate. P.S: This isn't homework ;)

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  • What's the best way of accessing a DRb object (e.g. Ruby Queue) from Scala (and Java)?

    - by Tom Morris
    I have built a variety of little scripts using Ruby's very simple Queue class, and share the Queue between Ruby and JRuby processes using DRb. It would be nice to be able to access these from Scala (and maybe Java) using JRuby. I've put together something Scala and the JSR-223 interface to access jruby-complete.jar. import javax.script._ class DRbQueue(host: String, port: Int) { private var engine = DRbQueue.factory.getEngineByName("jruby") private var invoker = engine.asInstanceOf[Invocable] engine.eval("require \"drb\" ") private var queue = engine.eval("DRbObject.new(nil, \"druby://" + host + ":" + port.toString + "\")") def isEmpty(): Boolean = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "empty?").asInstanceOf[Boolean] def size(): Long = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "length").asInstanceOf[Long] def threadsWaiting: Long = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "num_waiting").asInstanceOf[Long] def offer(obj: Any) = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "push", obj.asInstanceOf[java.lang.Object]) def poll(): Any = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "pop") def clear(): Unit = { invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "clear") } } object DRbQueue { var factory = new ScriptEngineManager() } (It conforms roughly to java.util.Queue interface, but I haven't declared the interface because it doesn't implement the element and peek methods because the Ruby class doesn't offer them.) The problem with this is the type conversion. JRuby is fine with Scala's Strings - because they are Java strings. But if I give it a Scala Int or Long, or one of the other Scala types (List, Set, RichString, Array, Symbol) or some other custom type. This seems unnecessarily hacky: surely there has got to be a better way of doing RMI/DRb interop without having to use JSR-223 API. I could either make it so that the offer method serializes the object to, say, a JSON string and takes a structural type of only objects that have a toJson method. I could then write a Ruby wrapper class (or just monkeypatch Queue) to would parse the JSON. Is there any point in carrying on with trying to access DRb from Java/Scala? Might it just be easier to install a real message queue? (If so, any suggestions for a lightweight JVM-based MQ?)

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  • Parsing question

    - by j-t-s
    Hi All I have tried using several different parsers as advised by somebody but i don't believe that they'd be of any use for this particular situation. I have a file that looks like this: mylanguagename(main) { OnLoad(protected) { Display(img, text, link); } Canvas(public) { Image img: "Images\my_image.png"; img.Name: "img"; img.Border: "None"; img.BackgroundColor: "Transparent"; img.Position: 10, 10; Text text: "This is a multiline str#ning. The #n creates a new line."; text.Name: text; text.Position: 10, 25; Link link: "Click here to enlarge img."; link.Name: "link"; link.Position: 10, 60; link.Event: link.Clicked; } link.Clicked(sender, link, protected) { Link link: from sender; Message.Display: "You clicked link."; } } ... and I need to be able to parse that code above, so and convert it to a Javascript equivelent, (or JScript). Can somebody please help, or get me started in the right direction? Thanks

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  • How to program simple chat bot AI?

    - by Larsenal
    I want to build a bot that asks someone a few simple questions and branches based on the answer. I realize parsing meaning from the human responses will be challenging, but how do you setup the program to deal with the "state" of the conversation? EDIT: It will be a one-to-one conversation between a human and the bot.

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  • Where are the readonly/const in .NET?

    - by acidzombie24
    In C++ you'll see void func(const T& t) everywhere. However, i havent seen anything similar in .NET. Why? I have notice a nice amount of parameters using struct. But i see no functions with readonly/const. In fact now that i tried it i couldnt use those keywords to make a function that promises to not modify a list being passed in. Is there no way to promise the caller that this function will never modify the contents of list? Is there no way to say to call code and say this list should never be modified? (I know i can clone the list or look at documentation but i like compile errors sometime)

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  • Searching in graphs trees with Depth/Breadth first/A* algorithms

    - by devoured elysium
    I have a couple of questions about searching in graphs/trees: Let's assume I have an empty chess board and I want to move a pawn around from point A to B. A. When using depth first search or breadth first search must we use open and closed lists ? This is, a list that has all the elements to check, and other with all other elements that were already checked? Is it even possible to do it without having those lists? What about A*, does it need it? B. When using lists, after having found a solution, how can you get the sequence of states from A to B? I assume when you have items in the open and closed list, instead of just having the (x, y) states, you have an "extended state" formed with (x, y, parent_of_this_node) ? C. State A has 4 possible moves (right, left, up, down). If I do as first move left, should I let it in the next state come back to the original state? This, is, do the "right" move? If not, must I transverse the search tree every time to check which states I've been to? D. When I see a state in the tree where I've already been, should I just ignore it, as I know it's a dead end? I guess to do this I'd have to always keep the list of visited states, right? E. Is there any difference between search trees and graphs? Are they just different ways to look at the same thing?

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  • Determining when or when not to escape output

    - by Ygam
    I have a page, where I have approximately 90 items I need to output. Most of them are object properties (I am using ORM so these objects map to my database tables). But the question is, do I have to escape each of those 90 outputs by applying functions to each (in my case, the htmlspecialchars)? Wouldn't that add a bit of an overhead (calling a single function 90 times)?

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  • If you use MVC in your web app then you dont need to use Smarty(TemplateEngine) Right?

    - by Imran
    I'm just trying to understand the Templating(system). If you use MVC in your web application then you don't need to use something like Smarty(template engine) as you are already separating application code from presentation code anyway by using MVC right? please correct me? So am i correct in thinking it's MVC OR Templating or do you use both in your apps?If any one could explain this in detail it would be great. Thank you in advance;-)

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  • Bit Flipping in Hex

    - by freyrs
    I have an 8 digit hexadecimal number of which I need certain digits to be either 0 or f. Given the specific place of the digits is there a quick way to generate the hex number with those places "flipped" to f. For example: flip_digits(1) = 0x000000f flip_digits(1,2,4) = 0x0000f0ff flip_digits(1,7,8) = 0xff00000f I'm doing this on an embedded device so I can't call any math libraries, I suspect it can be done with just bit shifts but I can't quite figure out the method. Any sort of solution (Python, C, Pseudocode) will work. Thanks in advance.

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  • How are a session identifiers generated?

    - by Asaf R
    Most web applications depend on some kind of session with the user (for instance, to retain login status). The session id is kept as a cookie in the user's browser and sent with every request. To make it hard to guess the next user's session these session-ids need to be sparse and somewhat random. The also have to be unique. The question is - how to efficiently generate session ids that are sparse and unique? This question has a good answer for unique random numbers, but it seems not scalable for a large range of numbers, simply because the array will end up taking a lot of memory.

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  • Integration tests - "no exceptions are thrown" approach. Does it make sense?

    - by Andrew Florko
    Sometimes integration tests are rather complex to write or developers have no enough time to check output - does it make sense to write tests that make sure "no exceptions are thrown" only? Such tests provide some input parameters set(s) and doesn't check the result, but only make sure code not failed with exception? May be such tests are not very useful but appropriate in situations when you have no time?

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  • What is the preferred way to indent cases in a switch?

    - by neutrino
    Hey there, As I was writing another switch in Eclipse, I once again came across a rather weird (to me, at least) default indentation, which is applied to 'switch' statements: switch (i) { case 1: ... case n: ... } I tend to prefer another way: switch (i) { case 1: ... case n: ... } Which way is more readable and eye-pleasing for you? I'm still not hundred percent determined what's best for me, so I'd like to stick to what's best for other people who would read my code. BTW, you're free to close this question if this is too subjective. :)

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  • Sort months ( with strings ) algorithm

    - by Oscar Reyes
    I have this months array: ["January", "March", "December" , "October" ] And I want to have it sorted like this: ["January", "March", "October", "December" ] I'm currently thinking in a "if/else" horrible cascade but I wonder if there is some other way to do this. The bad part is that I need to do this only with "string" ( that is, without using Date object or anything like that ) What would be a good approach?

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  • How do I generate a random string of up to a certain length?

    - by slavy13
    I would like to generate a random string (or a series of random strings, repetitions allowed) of length between 1 and n characters from some (finite) alphabet. Each string should be equally likely (in other words, the strings should be uniformly distributed). The uniformity requirement means that an algorithm like this doesn't work: alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" len = rand(1, n) s = "" for(i = 0; i < len; ++i) s = s + alphabet[rand(0, 25)] (pseudo code, rand(a, b) returns a integer between a and b, inclusively, each integer equally likely) It doesn't work because shorter lengths are as likely as longer ones, meaning it's more likely to generate a shorter string than a longer one, so the result is not uniform.

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  • Are there equivalents to Ruby's method_missing in other languages?

    - by Justin Ethier
    In Ruby, objects have a handy method called method_missing which allows one to handle method calls for methods that have not even been (explicitly) defined: Invoked by Ruby when obj is sent a message it cannot handle. symbol is the symbol for the method called, and args are any arguments that were passed to it. By default, the interpreter raises an error when this method is called. However, it is possible to override the method to provide more dynamic behavior. The example below creates a class Roman, which responds to methods with names consisting of roman numerals, returning the corresponding integer values. class Roman def romanToInt(str) # ... end def method_missing(methId) str = methId.id2name romanToInt(str) end end r = Roman.new r.iv #=> 4 r.xxiii #=> 23 r.mm #=> 2000 For example, Ruby on Rails uses this to allow calls to methods such as find_by_my_column_name. My question is, what other languages support an equivalent to method_missing, and how do you implement the equivalent in your code?

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  • How does the Amazon Recommendation feature work?

    - by Rachel
    What technology goes in behind the screens of Amazon recommendation technology? I believe that Amazon recommendation is currently the best in the market, but how do they provide us with such relevant recommendations? Recently, we have been involved with similar recommendation kind of project, but would surely like to know about the in and outs of the Amazon recommendation technology from a technical standpoint. Any inputs would be highly appreciated. Update: This patent explains how personalized recommendations are done but it is not very technical, and so it would be really nice if some insights could be provided. From the comments of Dave, Affinity Analysis forms the basis for such kind of Recommendation Engines. Also here are some good reads on the Topic Demystifying Market Basket Analysis Market Basket Analysis Affinity Analysis Suggested Reading: Data Mining: Concepts and Technique

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  • What are some good code optimization methods?

    - by esac
    I would like to understand good code optimization methods and methodology. How do I keep from doing premature optimization if I am thinking about performance already. How do I find the bottlenecks in my code? How do I make sure that over time my program does not become any slower? What are some common performance errors to avoid (e.g.; I know it is bad in some languages to return while inside the catch portion of a try{} catch{} block

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  • Code Golf: Numeric Ranges

    - by SLaks
    Mods: Can you please make this Community Wiki? Challenge Compactify a long list of numbers by replacing consecutive runs with ranges. Example Input 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 Output: 1 - 4, 7, 8, 10, 12 - 15 Note that ranges of two numbers should be left as is. (7, 8; not 7 - 8) Rules You can accept a list of integers (or equivalent datatype) as a method parameter, from the commandline, or from standard in. (pick whichever option results in shorter code) You can output a list of strings by printing them, or by returning either a single string or set of strings. Reference Implementation (C#) IEnumerable<string> Sample(IList<int> input) { for (int i = 0; i < input.Count; ) { var start = input[i]; int size = 1; while (++i < input.Count && input[i] == start + size) size++; if (size == 1) yield return start.ToString(); else if (size == 2) { yield return start.ToString(); yield return (start + 1).ToString(); } else if (size > 2) yield return start + " - " + (start + size - 1); } }

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  • Are there still completely new programming languages and -paradigms to be born?

    - by llasa
    Are there still completely new programming languages and -paradigms (which will actually go mainstream and still be used decades after their appearance) to be born? What I'm talking about are groundbreaking things like the rise of object oriented programming, C++, or PHP. With new programming languages I mean that they actually are completely different from what you know, as different as when you set a guy who used assembler for a decade, and even programmed some kind of 3D game in it, in front of something as high-level as PHP, Ruby or Python? Which new paradigms and programming languages are there to come? What could be different about them? Who will possibly create them and how fast will they rise?

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  • Testing When Correctness is Poorly Defined?

    - by dsimcha
    I generally try to use unit tests for any code that has easily defined correct behavior given some reasonably small, well-defined set of inputs. This works quite well for catching bugs, and I do it all the time in my personal library of generic functions. However, a lot of the code I write is data mining code that basically looks for significant patterns in large datasets. Correct behavior in this case is often not well defined and depends on a lot of different inputs in ways that are not easy for a human to predict (i.e. the math can't reasonably be done by hand, which is why I'm using a computer to solve the problem in the first place). These inputs can be very complex, to the point where coming up with a reasonable test case is near impossible. Identifying the edge cases that are worth testing is extremely difficult. Sometimes the algorithm isn't even deterministic. Usually, I do the best I can by using asserts for sanity checks and creating a small toy test case with a known pattern and informally seeing if the answer at least "looks reasonable", without it necessarily being objectively correct. Is there any better way to test these kinds of cases?

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