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  • PHP Arrays: Loop trough array with a lot of conditional statements. Help / Best practices

    - by Jonathan
    Hi, I have a problem I don't know how to get it to work the best way. I need to loop trough an array like the one below. I need to check if the [country] index is equal to a Spanish speaking country (lot of countries) and then get those [title] indexes of the correspondent country and check for duplicates. The original array: Array ( [0] => Array ( [title] => Jeux de pouvoir [country] => France ) [1] => Array ( [title] => Los secretos del poder [country] => Argentina ) [2] => Array ( [title] => Los secretos del poder [country] => Mexico ) [3] => Array ( [title] => El poder secreto [country] => Uruguay ) ) To help you understand, the final result I need to get looks something like this: Array ( [0] => Array ( [title] => Los secretos del poder [country] => Argetnina, Mexico ) [1] => Array ( [title] => El poder secreto [country] => Uruguay ) )

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  • How can one put together multiple arrays into one string?

    - by Noor
    I'm having a hard time describing what I'm looking for. If we pretend that we're pulling an array (I've used the .split to get user input data) where each line represents a link. How can I then add an anchor tagg to that link that I'm pulling? I need to be able to put < a href=" + thearray + "anything< /a. The reason for this is that I'm dynamically creating a list. I think that if I create two variables, one with this part < a href=" one with the closing and then call some sort of function that puts those two and the pulled array in between them until the list is complete. Does this make any sense?

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  • Array inside of Arrays; Java (Help with Lab Assignment)

    - by Adam
    We are working on a lab assignment for my CS&E class and I think I can ask this question without going into detail of the entire lab requirements, but is it possible for an array to be inside of an array? For example, would this work: int [] arrayOne = new int[3]; arrayOne[0] = Start of an array If this is possible how do you go about doing it?

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  • Why getting active record error when trying to work on arrays?

    - by keruilin
    I have the following association in my User model: has_and_belongs_to_many :friends, :class_name => 'User', :foreign_key => 'friend_id' I have the following uniqueness constraint in my user_users table: UNIQUE KEY `no_duplicate_friends` (`user_id`,`friend_id`) In my code, I am retrieving a user's friends -- friends = user.friends. friends is an array. I have a scenario where I want add the user with all those friends to the friends array. Ex: friends << user_with_all_those_homies However, I get the following error: ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: Mysql::Error: Duplicate entry '18-18' for key 'no_duplicate_friends': INSERT INTO `users_users` (`friend_id`, `user_id`) VALUES (18, 18) What gives?

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  • C++: is it safe to work with std::vectors as if they were arrays?

    - by peoro
    I need to have a fixed-size array of elements and to call on them functions that require to know about how they're placed in memory, in particular: functions like glVertexPointer, that needs to know where the vertices are, how distant they are one from the other and so on. In my case vertices would be members of the elements to store. to get the index of an element within this array, I'd prefer to avoid having an index field within my elements, but would rather play with pointers arithmetic (ie: index of Element *x will be x - & array[0]) -- btw, this sounds dirty to me: is it good practice or should I do something else? Is it safe to use std::vector for this? Something makes me think that an std::array would be more appropriate but: Constructor and destructor for my structure will be rarely called: I don't mind about such overhead. I'm going to set the std::vector capacity to size I need (the size that would use for an std::array, thus won't take any overhead due to sporadic reallocation. I don't mind a little space overhead for std::vector's internal structure. I could use the ability to resize the vector (or better: to have a size chosen during setup), and I think there's no way to do this with std::array, since its size is a template parameter (that's too bad: I could do that even with an old C-like array, just dynamically allocating it on the heap). If std::vector is fine for my purpose I'd like to know into details if it will have some runtime overhead with respect to std::array (or to a plain C array): I know that it'll call the default constructor for any element once I increase its size (but I guess this won't cost anything if my data has got an empty default constructor?), same for destructor. Anything else?

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  • Best way for saving infinit playlists (arrays) into db? (php mySql)

    - by Ole Jak
    So client gives me a string like "1,23,23,abc,ggg,544,tf4," from user 12 . There can be infinit number of elements with no spaces just value,value,... structure. I have users table (with users uId(key), names etc). I have streams table with ( sId(key), externalID, etc values). User sends me externalId's. And I need to hawe externalId's in play list (not my sId's). I need some way to store such array into my DB and be able to get it from DB. I need to be able to do 2 things return such string back to user be able to get na array from it like {1; 23; 23; abc; ggg; 544; tf4;} So what is best method (best here means shourt(small amount of) code) to store such data into db to retrivew stored tata in bouth ways shown

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  • Given an array of arrays, how can I strip out the substring "GB" from each value?

    - by stormist
    Each item in my array is an array of about 5 values.. Some of them are numerical ending in "GB".. I need the same array but with "GB" stripped out so that just the number remains. So I need to iterate through my whole array, on each subarray take each value and strip the string "GB" from it and create a new array from the output. Can anyone recommend and efficient method of doing this?

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  • Why do Lua arrays(tables) start at 1 instead of 0?

    - by AraK
    Hi, I don't understand the rational behind the decision of this part of Lua. Why does indexing start at 1? I have read(as many others did) this great paper. It seems to me a strange corner of a language that is very pleasant to learn and program. Don't get me wrong, Lua is just great but there has to be an explanation somewhere. Most of what I found(on the web) is just saying the index starts at 1. Full stop. It would be very interesting to read what its designers said about the subject. Note that I am "very" beginner in Lua, I hope I am not missing something obvious about tables.

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  • the best way to make codeigniter website multi-language. calling from lang arrays depends on lang se

    - by artmania
    Hi friends, I'm researching hours and hours, but I could not find any clear, efficient way to make it :/ I have a codeigniter base website in English and I have to add a Polish language now. What is the best way to make my site in 2 language depending visitor selection? is there any way to create array files for each language and call them in view files depends on Session from lang selection? I don't wanna use database. Appreciate helps! I'm running out of deadline :/ thanks!!

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  • Why doesn't Java allow for the creaton of generic arrays?

    - by byte
    There are plenty of questions on stackoverflow from people who have attempted to create an array of generics like so: ArrayList<Foo>[] poo = new ArrayList<Foo>[5]; And the answer of course is that the Java specification doesn't allow you to declare an array of generics. My question however is why ? What is the technical reason underlying this restriction in the java language or java vm? It's a technical curiosity I've always wondered about.

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  • How create new array which subtracts values from 2 double arrays in C#?

    - by Tomek eM
    Helou it's my problem, I have 2 array which have double values: (this is function which get back values(latitude) from richTextBox) private Tuple<double>[] szerokosc(string[] lines) { return Array.ConvertAll(lines, line => { string[] elems = line.Split(','); double we = 0.01 * double.Parse(elems[3], EnglishCulture); int stopnie = (int)we; double minuty = ((we - stopnie) * 100) / 60; double szerokosc_dziesietna = stopnie + minuty; return new Tuple<double>(Math.Round(szerokosc_dziesietna, (int)numericUpDown2.Value)); }); ; } (this part of code call function) var data1 = szerokosc(szerdlugeo_diag_gps.Lines); var data2 = szerokosc(szerdlugeo_diag_gpsglonass.Lines); What should I do, to get something like this: for example: var data3 = data1 - data2; My values in this data looks like (f.e.) data1 = (x11, x12, ... x1(n) ): 53.11818160073043, 53.11816348903661, 53.11814874695463, ... data2 = (x21, x22, ... x(2n) ): 53.11814200771546, 53.118131477652156, 53.11812263239697, 53.11811884157276, 53.11811631435644, .... I would like back data3 = (x31=x11-x21, x32=x12=x22, ... x(3n)=x(1n)-x(2n) ) It would be good if it included the following condition: if data1 = ( 1, 5, 6, 8) data2 = (1.5, 3.3) data3 = (-0.5, 1.7) not data3 = (-0.5, 1.7, 6, 8) Please help.

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  • I'm new to Java most basic question about arrays!

    - by ambidextorous
    Hey I have not been able to find a proper answer on any forums about this but how exactly do I pass an array to a class? public class TestArray { String name; String[] array; public TestArray(String name, String[] anArray){ this.name = name; int len = anArray.length; this.array = new String[len]; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++){ this.array[i] = new String(anArray[i]); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ String[] anArray = new String[2]; anArray[0] = new String("Test"); anArray[1] = new String("Test2"); TestArray work = new TestArray("Jordan", anArray?); } }

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  • PHP arrays. There must be a simpler method to do this

    - by RisingSun
    I have this array in php returned from db Array ( [inv_templates] = Array ( [0] = Array ( [inven_subgroup_template_id] = 1 [inven_group] = Wires [inven_subgroup] = CopperWires [inven_template_id] = 1 [inven_template_name] = CopperWires6G [constrained] = 0 [value_constraints] = [accept_range] = 2 - 16 [information] = Measured Manual ) [1] = Array ( [inven_subgroup_template_id] = 1 [inven_group] = Wires [inven_subgroup] = CopperWires [inven_template_id] = 2 [inven_template_name] = CopperWires2G [constrained] = 0 [value_constraints] = [accept_range] = 1 - 7 [information] = Measured by Automated Calipers ) ) ) I need to output this kind of multidimensional stuff Array ( [Wires] = Array ( [inv_group_name] = Wires [inv_subgroups] = Array ( [CopperWires] = Array ( [inv_subgroup_id] = 1 [inv_subgroup_name] = CopperWires [inv_templates] = Array ( [CopperWires6G] = Array ( [inv_name] = CopperWires6G [inv_id] = 1 ) [CopperWires2G] = Array ( [inv_name] = CopperWires2G [inv_id] = 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) I currently do this stuff foreach ($data['inv_templates'] as $key = $value) { $processeddata[$value['inven_group']]['inv_group_name'] = $value['inven_group']; $processeddata[$value['inven_group']]['inv_subgroups'][$value['inven_subgroup']]['inv_subgroup_id'] = $value['inven_subgroup_template_id']; $processeddata[$value['inven_group']]['inv_subgroups'][$value['inven_subgroup']]['inv_subgroup_name'] = $value['inven_subgroup']; $processeddata[$value['inven_group']]['inv_subgroups'][$value['inven_subgroup']]['inv_templates'][$value['inven_template_name']]['inv_name'] = $value['inven_template_name']; $processeddata[$value['inven_group']]['inv_subgroups'][$value['inven_subgroup']]['inv_templates'][$value['inven_template_name']]['inv_id'] = $value['inven_template_id']; } return $processeddata; EDIT : A var_export array ( 'inv_templates' = array ( 0 = array ( 'inven_subgroup_template_id' = '1', 'inven_group' = 'Wires', 'inven_subgroup' = 'CopperWires', 'inven_template_id' = '1', 'inven_template_name' = 'CopperWires6G', 'constrained' = '0', 'value_constraints' = '', 'accept_range' = '2 - 16', 'information' = 'Measured Manual', ), 1 = array ( 'inven_subgroup_template_id' = '1', 'inven_group' = 'Wires', 'inven_subgroup' = 'CopperWires', 'inven_template_id' = '2', 'inven_template_name' = 'CopperWires6G', 'constrained' = '0', 'value_constraints' = '', 'accept_range' = '1 - 7', 'information' = 'Measured by Automated Calipers', ), ), ) The foreach is almost unreadable. There must be a simpler way

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  • How do I dump arrays in a nice orderly fashion?

    - by George
    Whenever I use print_r or var_dump they come out all sloppy and in one line instead of formatted like I see so many people and the actual php.net site being able to achieve. What do I do to get them like this - Array ( [a] => apple [b] => banana [c] => Array ( [0] => x [1] => y [2] => z ) ) Instead of this Array([a] => apple [b] => banana [c] => Array ( [0] => x [1] => y [2] => z )) (Pretty sure it comes out even messier than that I was just deleting whitespace by hand.)

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  • How do I get the inner arrays length in a 2d array in C#?

    - by Phukab
    Lets say I create a jagged 2d array like so: public static char[,] phoneLetterMapping = { {'0'}, {'1'}, {'A', 'B', 'C'} }; Now, given the first index of the array, I would like to be able to get the length of the inner array. So, I would like to be able to do something like: phoneLetterMapping[2].length I can do that in Java. But the intellisense menu doesn't return the normal members of an array when I type in the first bracket of the [][] 2d array. So, how do I get the inner array lengths in my 2d array in C#?

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  • Refactoring an immediate drawing function into VBO, access violation error

    - by Alex
    I have a MD2 model loader, I am trying to substitute its immediate drawing function with a Vertex Buffer Object one.... I am getting a really annoying access violation reading error and I can't figure out why, but mostly I'd like an opinion as to whether this looks correct (never used VBOs before). This is the original function (that compiles ok) which calculates the keyframe and draws at the same time: glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); for(int i = 0; i < numTriangles; i++) { MD2Triangle* triangle = triangles + i; for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { MD2Vertex* v1 = frame1->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; MD2Vertex* v2 = frame2->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; Vec3f normal = v1->normal * (1 - frac) + v2->normal * frac; if (normal[0] == 0 && normal[1] == 0 && normal[2] == 0) { normal = Vec3f(0, 0, 1); } glNormal3f(normal[0], normal[1], normal[2]); MD2TexCoord* texCoord = texCoords + triangle->texCoords[j]; glTexCoord2f(texCoord->texCoordX, texCoord->texCoordY); glVertex3f(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2]); } } glEnd(); What I'd like to do is to calculate all positions before hand, store them in a Vertex array and then draw them. This is what I am trying to replace it with (in the exact same part of the program) int vCount = 0; for(int i = 0; i < numTriangles; i++) { MD2Triangle* triangle = triangles + i; for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { MD2Vertex* v1 = frame1->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; MD2Vertex* v2 = frame2->vertices + triangle->vertices[j]; Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; Vec3f normal = v1->normal * (1 - frac) + v2->normal * frac; if (normal[0] == 0 && normal[1] == 0 && normal[2] == 0) { normal = Vec3f(0, 0, 1); } indices[vCount] = normal[0]; vCount++; indices[vCount] = normal[1]; vCount++; indices[vCount] = normal[2]; vCount++; MD2TexCoord* texCoord = texCoords + triangle->texCoords[j]; indices[vCount] = texCoord->texCoordX; vCount++; indices[vCount] = texCoord->texCoordY; vCount++; indices[vCount] = pos[0]; vCount++; indices[vCount] = pos[1]; vCount++; indices[vCount] = pos[2]; vCount++; } } totalVertices = vCount; glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, 0, indices); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(float)*3, indices); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(float)*5, indices); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, totalVertices, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indices); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); // disable vertex arrays glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); First of all, does it look right? Second, I get access violation error "Unhandled exception at 0x01455626 in Graphics_template_1.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0xed5243c0" pointing at line 7 Vec3f pos = v1->pos * (1 - frac) + v2->pos * frac; where the two Vs seems to have no value in the debugger.... Till this point the function behaves in exactly the same way as the one above, I don't understand why this happens? Thanks for any help you may be able to provide!

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  • Using XNA's XML content pipeline to read arrays of objects with different subtypes

    - by Mcguirk
    Using XNA's XML content importer, is it possible to read in an array of objects with different subtypes? For instance, assume these are my class definitions: public abstract class MyBaseClass { public string MyBaseData; } public class MySubClass0 : MyBaseClass { public int MySubData0; } public class MySubClass1 : MyBaseClass { public bool MySubData1; } And this is my XML file: <XnaContent> <Asset Type="MyBaseClass[]"> <Item> <!-- I want this to be an instance of MySubClass0 --> <MyBaseData>alpha</MyBaseData> <MySubData0>314</MySubData0> </Item> <Item> <!-- I want this to be an instance of MySubClass1 --> <MyBaseData>bravo</MyBaseData> <MySubData1>true</MySubData1> </Item> </Asset> </XnaContent> How do I specify that I want the first Item to be an instance of MySubclass0 and the second Item to be an instance of MySubclass1?

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  • openGL migration from SFML to glut, vertices arrays or display lists are not displayed

    - by user3714670
    Due to using quad buffered stereo 3D (which i have not included yet), i need to migrate my openGL program from a SFML window to a glut window. With SFML my vertices and display list were properly displayed, now with glut my window is blank white (or another color depending on the way i clear it). Here is the code to initialise the window : int type; int stereoMode = 0; if ( stereoMode == 0 ) type = GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH; else type = GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_STEREO; glutInitDisplayMode(type); int argc = 0; char *argv = ""; glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; glutInit(&argc, &argv); bool fullscreen = false; glutInitWindowSize(width,height); int win = glutCreateWindow(title.c_str()); glutSetWindow(win); assert(win != 0); if ( fullscreen ) { glutFullScreen(); width = glutGet(GLUT_SCREEN_WIDTH); height = glutGet(GLUT_SCREEN_HEIGHT); } GLenum err = glewInit(); if (GLEW_OK != err) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", glewGetErrorString(err)); } glutDisplayFunc(loop_function); This is the only code i had to change for now, but here is the code i used with sfml and displayed my objects in the loop, if i change the value of glClearColor, the window's background does change color : glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glClearColor(255.0f, 255.0f, 255.0f, 0.0f); glLoadIdentity(); sf::Time elapsed_time = clock.getElapsedTime(); clock.restart(); camera->animate(elapsed_time.asMilliseconds()); camera->look(); for (auto i = objects->cbegin(); i != objects->cend(); ++i) (*i)->draw(camera); glutSwapBuffers(); Is there any other changes i should have done switching to glut ? that would be great if someone could enlighten me on the subject. In addition to that, i found out that adding too many objects (that were well handled before with SFML), openGL gives error 1285: out of memory. Maybe this is related. EDIT : Here is the code i use to draw each object, maybe it is the problem : GLuint LightID = glGetUniformLocation(this->shaderProgram, "LightPosition_worldspace"); if(LightID ==-1) cout << "LightID not found ..." << endl; GLuint MaterialAmbientID = glGetUniformLocation(this->shaderProgram, "MaterialAmbient"); if(LightID ==-1) cout << "LightID not found ..." << endl; GLuint MaterialSpecularID = glGetUniformLocation(this->shaderProgram, "MaterialSpecular"); if(LightID ==-1) cout << "LightID not found ..." << endl; glm::vec3 lightPos = glm::vec3(0,150,150); glUniform3f(LightID, lightPos.x, lightPos.y, lightPos.z); glUniform3f(MaterialAmbientID, MaterialAmbient.x, MaterialAmbient.y, MaterialAmbient.z); glUniform3f(MaterialSpecularID, MaterialSpecular.x, MaterialSpecular.y, MaterialSpecular.z); // Get a handle for our "myTextureSampler" uniform GLuint TextureID = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "myTextureSampler"); if(!TextureID) cout << "TextureID not found ..." << endl; glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); sf::Texture::bind(texture); glUniform1i(TextureID, 0); // 2nd attribute buffer : UVs GLuint vertexUVID = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "color"); if(vertexUVID==-1) cout << "vertexUVID not found ..." << endl; glEnableVertexAttribArray(vertexUVID); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, color_array_buffer); glVertexAttribPointer(vertexUVID, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); GLuint vertexNormal_modelspaceID = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "normal"); if(!vertexNormal_modelspaceID) cout << "vertexNormal_modelspaceID not found ..." << endl; glEnableVertexAttribArray(vertexNormal_modelspaceID); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, normal_array_buffer); glVertexAttribPointer(vertexNormal_modelspaceID, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0 ); GLint posAttrib; posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "position"); if(!posAttrib) cout << "posAttrib not found ..." << endl; glEnableVertexAttribArray(posAttrib); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, position_array_buffer); glVertexAttribPointer(posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, elements_array_buffer); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, indices.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0); GLuint error; while ((error = glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) { cerr << "OpenGL error: " << error << endl; } disableShaders();

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  • Bash arrays and case statements - review my script

    - by Felipe Alvarez
    #!/bin/bash # Change the environment in which you are currently working. # Actually, it calls the relevant 'lettus.sh' script if [ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" == "$0" ]; then echo "Try running this as \". chenv $1\"" exit 0 fi usage(){ echo "Usage: . ${PROG} -- Shows a list of user-selectable environments." echo " . ${PROG} [env] -- Select environment." echo " . ${PROG} -h -- Shows this usage screen." return } showEnv(){ # check if index0 exists, assume we have at least the first (zeroth) element #if [ -z "${envList}" ]; then if [ -z "${envList[0]}" ]; then echo "array \$envList is empty! " >&2 return 1 fi # Show all elements in array (0 -> n-1) for i in $(seq 0 $((${#envList[@]} - 1))); do echo ${envList[$i]} done return } setEnv(){ if [ -z "$1" ]; then usage; return fi case $1 in cold) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_cold.sh;; coles) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_coles.sh;; fc) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_fc.sh;; fcrm) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_fcrm.sh;; stable) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_stable.sh;; tip) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_tip.sh;; uat) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_uat.sh;; wellmdc) FILE_TO_SOURCE=/u2/tip/conf/ctrl/lettus_wellmdc.sh;; *) usage; return;; esac if $IS_SOURCED; then echo "Environment \"$1\" selected." echo "Now sourcing file \"$FILE_TO_SOURCE\"..." . ${FILE_TO_SOURCE} return else return 1 fi } main(){ if [ -z "$1" ]; then showEnv; return fi case $1 in -h) usage;; *) setEnv $1;; esac return } PROG="chenv" # create array of user-selectable environments envList=( cold coles fc fcrm stable tip uat wellmdc ) main "$@" return If I could, I'd like to get some feedback on a better way to accomplish any of the following: run through the case statement make script trivally simple to maintain/upgrade/update

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  • Arrays for a heightmap tile-based map

    - by JPiolho
    I'm making a game that uses a map which have tiles, corners and borders. Here's a graphical representation: I've managed to store tiles and corners in memory but I'm having troubles to get borders structured. For the tiles, I have a [Map Width * Map Height] sized array. For corners I have [(Map Width + 1) * (Map Height + 1)] sized array. I've already made up the math needed to access corners from a tile, but I can't figure out how to store and access the borders from a single array. Tiles store the type (and other game logic variables) and via the array index I can get the X, Y. Via this tile position it is possible to get the array index of the corners (which store the Z index). The borders will store a game object and accessing corners from only border info would be also required. If someone even has a better way to store these for better memory and performance I would gladly accept that. EDIT: Using in C# and Javascript.

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  • libgdx rotation (animation, arrays) issues and help needed

    - by johnny-b
    well i am a noob at java and libgdx. i got the homing bullet working with the help of someone. now i am smashing my head as to how i can make it rotate so it faces the ball (which is the main character) when it goes around it or when it is coming towards it. the bullet is facing <--- and the code below is what i have done so far. also i used sprites for the bullet and also animation method. Also how do i make it an array/arraylist which is best so i can have multiple bullets at random or placed places. i tried many things nothing workd :( thank you for the help. // below is the bullet or enemy if you want to call it. public class Bullet extends Sprite { public static final float BULLET_HOMING = 6000; public static final float BULLET_SPEED = 300; private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); setPosition(x, y); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); dx /= distToTarget; dy /= distToTarget; dx *= BULLET_HOMING; dy *= BULLET_HOMING; velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; float vMag = (float) Math.sqrt(velocity.x * velocity.x + velocity.y * velocity.y); velocity.x /= vMag; velocity.y /= vMag; velocity.x *= BULLET_SPEED; velocity.y *= BULLET_SPEED; Vector2 v = velocity.cpy().scl(delta); setPosition(getX() + v.x, getY() + v.y); setOriginCenter(); setRotation(velocity.angle()); lifetime += delta; setRegion(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(lifetime)); } } // this is where i load the images. public class AssetLoader { public static Animation bulletAnimation; public static Sprite bullet1, bullet2; public static void load() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, aims); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } public static void dispose() { // We must dispose of the texture when we are finished. texture.dispose(); } // this is for the rendering of the images etc public class GameRenderer { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); // The ball needs transparency, so we enable that again. batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is to load the image etc on the screen i guess public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } so there is the whole thing. the images are loaded via the AssetLoader then to the GameRenderer and GameWorld via the Bullet class. i am guessing that is how it is. sorry newbie so still learning. thank you in advace for the help or any advice.

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  • Code Contracts: validating arrays and collections

    - by DigiMortal
    Validating collections before using them is very common task when we use built-in generic types for our collections. In this posting I will show you how to validate collections using code contracts. It is cool how much awful looking code you can avoid using code contracts. Failing code Let’s suppose we have method that calculates sum of all invoices in collection. We have class Invoice and one of properties it has is Sum. I don’t introduce here any complex calculations on invoices because we have another problem to solve in this topic. Here is our code. public static decimal CalculateTotal(IList<Invoice> invoices) {     var sum = invoices.Sum(p => p.Sum);     return sum; } This method is very simple but it fails when invoices list contains at least one null. Of course, we can test if invoice is null but having nulls in lists like this is not good idea – it opens green way for different coding bugs in system. Our goal is to react to bugs ASAP at the nearest place they occur. There is one more way how to make our method fail. It happens when invoices is null. I thing it is also one common bugs during development and it even happens in production environments under some conditions that are usually hardly met. Now let’s protect our little calculation method with code contracts. We need two contracts: invoices cannot be null invoices cannot contain any nulls Our first contract is easy but how to write the second one? Solution: Contract.ForAll Preconditions in code are checked using Contract.Ensures method. This method takes boolean value as argument that sais if contract holds or not. There is also method Contract.ForAll that takes collection and predicate that must hold for that collection. Nice thing is ForAll returns boolean. So, we have very simple solution. public static decimal CalculateTotal(IList<Invoice> invoices) {     Contract.Requires(invoices != null);     Contract.Requires(Contract.ForAll<Invoice>(invoices, p => p != null));       var sum = invoices.Sum(p => p.Sum);     return sum; } And here are some lines of code you can use to test the contracts quickly. var invoices = new List<Invoice>(); invoices.Add(new Invoice()); invoices.Add(null); invoices.Add(new Invoice()); //CalculateTotal(null); CalculateTotal(invoices); If your code is covered with unit tests then I suggest you to write tests to check that these contracts hold for every code run. Conclusion Although it seemed at first place that checking all elements in collection may end up with for-loops that does not look so nice we were able to solve our problem nicely. ForAll method of contract class offered us simple mechanism to check collections and it does it smoothly the code-contracts-way. P.S. I suggest you also read devlicio.us blog posting Validating Collections with Code Contracts by Derik Whittaker.

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