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  • Sftp via shell - how is it possible?

    - by Tomasz Zielinski
    (Moved from StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4589725/sftp-via-shell-how-it-is-possible) How is it possible for tools like http://mysecureshell.sourceforge.net/ to provide SFTP access by merely specifying them as shell by typing: usermod -s /bin/MySecureShell myuser ? I'm on Debian Lenny, with default sshd/OpenSSH. Is this e.g. a feature of SSH protocol that allows user shell to handle sftp commands? I can't wrap my head around this because usually OpenSSH needs sftp-server module (or the internal one in newer versions) - and this makes me think that sftp commands don't even hit the shell and are handled earlier or by different code path..

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  • vPopmail / xinetd.

    - by Lorren Biffin
    I'm attempting to setup vpopmail on my CentOS server (Media Temple). Everything is working like a charm, with the exception that I cannot login to the server from any pop3 client. Upon trying to login I get the following error: Sending of password did not succeed. Mail server mail.(mydomain).com responded: Login failed. I'm running qmail (of course) with xinetd (not tcpserver). I've placed a file called pop3 into the folder /etc/xinetd.d with the content: service pop3 { disable = no socket_type = stream protocol = tcp wait = no user = root server = /var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup server_args = mail.(mydomain).com /home/vpopmail/bin/vchkpw /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir log_type = FILE /var/log/xinetd.log log_on_success = HOST log_on_failure = HOST RECORD } Can anybody offer any guidance here? I've been unsuccessfully trying to make this happen for over a week.

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  • How do you apply development practices like version control, testing and continuous integration/deployment to system administration?

    - by arex1337
    Imagine you're going to manage a number of servers with a number of different services that's used by a number of people. Now say you want to reconfigure or replace some software on one of those servers. Obviously you don't want to work on servers that are in production. If this was a code change, as a developer, I would make the change on my local development machine, test it locally and commit the change to a version control system. The changes could then be deployed in a staging environment, tested further and finally deployed in a production environment. It would also be easy for me to roll back, if necessary. Generally, or specifically, how do you achieve this in system administration? (The first thing that comes to mind is to use virtual machines and put virtual machine images in version control, but I'm sure there is a lot of literature and clever solutions I'm not presently aware of.)

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  • Machine account authentication on Radius server

    - by O.Shevchenko
    My workstation is under Linux. I have an Active Directory domain controller + Radius server on Windows 2008. I can verify user account 'radius-01' using 'radtest' tool: $ radtest -t pap radius-01 password123 195.234.133.32 1812 password123 Sending Access-Request of id 98 to 195.234.73.2 port 1812 User-Name = "radius-01" User-Password = "password123" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.1.1 NAS-Port = 1812 rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 195.234.133.32 port 1812, id=98, length=84 Framed-MTU = 1344 Framed-Protocol = PPP Service-Type = Framed-User Class = 0x537004f00000013700010200ac1c0... I have joined my Linux PC to Active Directory domain ARB-HRK using Samba: [root@shev-arb]# net ads testjoin Join is OK I can dump machine password: [root@shev-arb]# tdbdump /var/lib/samba/private/secrets.tdb { key(34) = "SECRETS/MACHINE_PASSWORD/ARB-HRK" data(15) = "yGgXJsquRnpT0g\00" } How can i authenticate my machine account on Radius server? Do anybody know any tools for this, like: radtest shev-arb$ yGgXJsquRnpT0g 195.234.133.32 1812 password123 (this command fails)

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  • Automate the backup of my databases and files with cron

    - by Patrick
    hi, I want to automate the backup of my databases and files with cron. Should I add the following lines to crontab ? mysqldump -u root -pPASSWORD database_name | gzip > /home/backup/database_`date +\%m-\%d-\%Y`.sql.gz svn commit -m "Committing the working copy containing the database dump" First of all, is this a good approach? It is not clear how to specify the repository and the working copy with svn? How can I run svn only when the mysqldump is done and not before ? Avoiding conflicts

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  • Simplest way to expose UNIX mailboxes via IMAP or POP3 on RHEL 5.6

    - by db2
    We've got a web server running RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.6, and it has all the usual local UNIX mailboxes. As is typical, the root mailbox gets all the cron output, logwatch results, etc. I'd like an easier way to keep an eye on this mailbox besides running mail via ssh. What should I install/enable to allow access to these system mailboxes via IMAP or POP3 with minimal fuss? Either protocol would be fine for what I'm doing, as I could then add it as an account in Outlook. A bit of searching led me to cyrus-imapd and dovecot, but it seems like they are meant for more serious mail hosting operations. Either they use their own mailbox system exclusively, or don't have a simple way of making the UNIX mailboxes available. If I'm wrong about that, then I'm fine with using either of them as long as I can get to the mailboxes of the existing accounts on the box.

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  • How to correctly set up iWARP? Preferably on loopback

    - by ajdecon
    iWARP is a protocol for doing remote direct memory access (RDMA) on top of TCP/IP, so that it can work with Ethernet and other network types as opposed to Infiniband. It works with many of the standard IB interfaces - the IB verbs, for example - so it's all pretty transparent. I'm doing some IB-verbs programming (mostly for the sake of learning about how they work better), and it'd be wonderfully convenient for me if I could use iWARP to do RDMA over my loopback interface, so that I could test some of my code without getting on our IB-connected cluster. :-) But I cannot figure out how to get a "local development environment" set up: there are no tutorials I'm aware of for even setting up iWARP from scratch on a server or a network interface. Can anyone give me a tutorial or point me in the right direction? Environment is Fedora 16 running in VirtualBox.

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  • Setting up a git repository on a server

    - by lostInTransit
    Hi I read through the other git questions here but couldn't really follow whether they are trying to do the same thing as I am. So if you find any duplicates, please let me know. I have a central server with SSO installed. All my machines are connected through the lan to this server. I have also setup a remote git repository on this server. Now what I'd like to do is make the server act as a central repository. All my employees can commit their code to the server and the server pushes it to the remote git repository. Also can I integrate it with SSO in any way? Can someone please help me out with this process? I am new to git and still learning how to use it effectively. So a step-by-step process or an existing document which I can refer to for this? Thanks.

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  • Git and Amazon EC2 public key denied

    - by MrNart
    I had git working before on /var/html/projectfolder and realized it was a security risk so I made a new folder /projects from the root folder and tried to replicate what I did and now it doesnt work. Here is the backlog of what I did for my local machine and EC2 - server Server-EC2 1.I added my public key to the authorized_user file in ~/.ssh folder 2.Create a bare repository git init --bare 3.Change folder permissions to sudo chgrp -R ec2-user * sudo chmod -R g+ws * Local Machine create a local repository with git init touch, add, commit readme file pointed origin master to ec2 via git remote add origin ssh://ec2-user@remote-ip/path/to/folder This is my output: Permission Denied (publickey) fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

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  • local user cannot access vsftpd server

    - by Zloy Smiertniy
    I'm currently running a vsftpd server and I added the necessary configurations in vsftpd.conf so that local users can use clients like FileZilla to manage their homes in a server. I found out that only users in the sudoers list access without a problem only they can't download the files, but users that are not sudoers cannot even access their homes from a client but they can access by a web browser using the FTP protocol and they can only access their home directories (as intented) Im running a fedora 14 on my server and my vsftpd.conf looks like this: # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. ascii_upload_enable=YES ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: ftpd_banner=Welcome to GAMBITA FTP service # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES use_localtime=YES Anyone has an idea of what might be happening? Nothing concerning vsftpd is written in any log

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  • Transparently cache files from a network drive in Linux

    - by Vadim
    We have a Linux server that reads files from a network drive and processes them. In a common scenario, a user will log in and access the same files over and over again. The size of the files varies but the larger ones can be around 50+ Mb. The files seldom change. I was wondering if it's somehow possible to transparently cache the files. I don't want (or can) change the program the reads the files, nor do I control the protocol by which the files are accessed. I just want something to detect that I access a certain path, copy the file locally (if needed) and then read the file from the local drive. I've read about Bcache but can't figure out if it's what I need. Do you have any suggestions? Thanks, Vadim.

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  • Why Standards Place Limits on Data Transfer Rates?

    - by Mehrdad
    This is a rather general question about hardware and standards in general: Why do they place limits on data transfer rates, and disallow manufacturers from exceeding those rates? (E.g. 100 Mbit/s for Wireless G, 150 Mbit/s for Wireless N, ...) Why not allow for some sort of handshake protocol, whereby the devices being connected agree upon the maximum throughput that they each support, and use that value instead? Why does there have to be a hard-coded limit, which would require a new standard for every single improvement to a data rate?

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  • TCP connection stuck in SYN_RECV state despite ACK received, Linux 2.6.18, embedded, ARM

    - by waynix
    My client cannot connect to my protocol port (TCP) after some network glitches, even though all other protocols (telnet/HTTP/FTP) work fine. netstat shows that my server is listening and tcpdump on the server shows all 3 packets are exchanged: 18:29:16.578964 IP 10.9.59.10.3355 10.9.43.131.5084: S 2602965897:2602965897(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 18:29:16.579107 IP 10.9.43.131.5084 10.9.59.10.3355: S 3464857909:3464857909(0) ack 2602965898 win 5840 <mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK> 18:29:16.579284 IP 10.9.59.10.3355 10.9.43.131.5084: . ack 1 win 65535 But somehow netstat -t shows the connection still in SYN_RECV, as if the ack is not seen by the TCP state machine. I have to restart my server to get it to work. syncookie is not enabled, and I know from client code behavior and tcpdump that there is no SYN flooding. Help much appreciated.

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  • What are the main differences between SRV records and TXT records?

    - by Chris Adams
    Hi there, I'm trying to consolidate domain names for the servers I look after to just use one panel instead of 3 or 4, and one thing stopping me is that the provider I originally wanted to move them to only lets me the following kinds of records: A MX NS CNAME TXT The first four I understand, but I'm not sure about the relationship (if any) between SRV records and TXT records. Can I use TXT records in the place of SRV records? They both seem to be general text records to just point at a particular server without needing to specify a particular protocol, so it doesn't sound like a totally unreasonable assumption, but I'd rather check here before I break something. If I can only set the above records, does that mean I'm essentially unable to so any SRC record redirecting? Thanks!

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  • nagios: trouble using check_smtps command

    - by ethrbunny
    I'm trying to use this command to check on port 587 for my postfix server. Using nmap -P0 mail.server.com I see this: Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-11-04 05:01 PST Nmap scan report for mail.server.com (xx.xx.xx.xx) Host is up (0.0016s latency). rDNS record for xx.xx.xx.xx: another.server.com Not shown: 990 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 25/tcp open smtp 110/tcp open pop3 111/tcp open rpcbind 143/tcp open imap 465/tcp open smtps 587/tcp open submission 993/tcp open imaps 995/tcp open pop3s 5666/tcp open nrpe So I know the relevant ports for smtps (465 or 587) are open. When I use openssl s_client -connect mail.server.com:587 -starttls smtp I get a connection with all the various SSL info. (Same for port 465). But when I try libexec/check_ssmtp -H mail.server.com -p587 I get: CRITICAL - Cannot make SSL connection. 140200102082408:error:140770FC:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:unknown protocol:s23_clnt.c:699: What am I doing wrong?

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  • Compiz shutdown hook?

    - by ???
    I want to check 10+ local Git repositories if they have any unpushed commit, before shutdown. (I always forgot to push them, so later, the next morning I came office and back home again) I think maybe the shutdown process can check some conditions to meet, if any condition is not met, then give the user the choice to continue to shutdown or just cancel. Then, I can write something to hook the shutdown to check my Git repository to push. EDIT I have changed the title from Ubuntu shutdown hook to Compiz shutdown hook. I want to hook to the small lovely shutdown button, rather then click another ugly shortcut icon on the desktop.

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  • Eventlog entry for allowed connection in Windows Firewall

    - by Jaap
    I was seeing a lot of entries in the eventlog: The Windows Filtering Platform has permitted a connection. Application Information: Process ID: 4 Application Name: System Network Information: Direction: Inbound Source Address: 10.xxx.xxx.xxx Source Port: 80 Destination Address: 10.xxx.xxx.xxx Destination Port: 31773 Protocol: 6 Filter Information: Filter Run-Time ID: 67903 Layer Name: Receive/Accept Layer Run-Time ID: 44 We have a loadbalancer which checks every second to see if the application is still running (a health check). The logs contain large amounts of this kind of entries, which makes the Event Viewer slow and it's difficult to find the more interesting logs. How do I make sure these messages don't end up in the event logs?

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  • Restoring Subversion repositories from backup

    - by John Hoge
    Hi, I had to restore a subversion server from a backup image taken the previous night. Everything worked fine after the restore except for one repository. A working copy had been committed on the server after the latest backup, so this working copy had newer files than the restored repository. I tried to commit the files using tortoise, but SVN didn't recognize that the files on the working copy were newer than those in the repository. I'm using Subversion Server 1.6.5 on Windows 2003 Server and TortoiseSVN 1.6.8 64 bit on a Win7 64 bit client. Thanks, John

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  • iptables ACCEPT policy

    - by kamae
    In Redhat EL 6, iptables INPUT policy is ACCEPT but INPUT chain has REJECT entry in the end. /etc/syconfig/iptables is as below: *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT Do you know why the policy is ACCEPT not DROP? I think setting DROP policy is safer than ACCEPT in case to make mistake in the chain. Actually the policy is not applied to any packet: # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)

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  • Why do I have two different DNS suffix lists?

    - by Rob Kennedy
    My Windows XP laptop has two different DNS suffix lists. The first is the one I see by selecting the Properties dialog of any of my network connections, selecting Internet Protocol Properties Advanced DNS tab, and looking at the list under the "Append these DNS suffixes (in order)" option. The second list is the one shown under "DNS Suffix Search List" when I run ipconfig /all. As far as I can tell, only the second list ever gets used to resolve unqualified host names. Why are there two different lists? How do I configure the second list? Or how can I make my computer use the first list?

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  • firefox, opera 'The connection was reset' on few POST method calls on Windows and Ubuntu

    - by Gopalakrishnan Subramani
    my website works well with GET method, also few POST methods. Some pages with POST method doesn't work. Some pages with POST work. For example, login page uses POST that works fine. When I post the data on webpage, firefox says "Connecting..." and finally report connection timed out error. The same behavior happens with Opera as well. However Google Chrome works fine. At the server side, I use nginx 1.2.4 with HTTPS and uwsgi for python (flask framework) app. I use geotrust certificate. The same behavior happens with Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04 on firefox. I tried firefox in safemode, but no luck. Set auto-detect proxy settings. no luck. Cleared all cookies. no luck Anyone help me to fix this issue? I am posting ngix config. shame on me. I use root, I know which is not advised. need to fix soon. user root; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; # server_tokens off; # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; ## # Gzip Settings ## gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; # gzip_vary on; # gzip_proxied any; # gzip_comp_level 6; # gzip_buffers 16 8k; # gzip_http_version 1.1; # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; ## # nginx-naxsi config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi ## #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; ## # nginx-passenger config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger ## #passenger_root /usr; #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 10m; server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com; rewrite ^(.*) https://example.com$1 permanent; } server { listen 80; server_name example.com; rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent; } server { listen 443; server_name example.com; keepalive_timeout 70; ssl on; ssl_certificate /root/cc.cert; ssl_certificate_key /root/cc.key; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; #ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; ssl_ciphers RC4:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { try_files $uri @app; } location @app { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_pass unix:/tmp/uwsgi.sock; } } } #mail { # # See sample authentication script at: # # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript # # # auth_http localhost/auth.php; # # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER"; # # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS"; # # server { # listen localhost:110; # protocol pop3; # proxy on; # } # # server { # listen localhost:143; # protocol imap; # proxy on; # } #}

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  • UUID in Mountain Lion

    - by Naji
    I am trying to find my external HDD UUID in Mountain Lion but diskutil info /dev/disk1s1 returns: Najis-MacBook-Air:~ ****$ diskutil info disk1s1 Device Identifier: disk1s1 Device Node: /dev/disk1s1 Part of Whole: disk1 Device / Media Name: Untitled 1 Volume Name: My Book Escaped with Unicode: My%FF%FE%20%00Book Mounted: Yes Mount Point: /Volumes/My Book Escaped with Unicode: /Volumes/My%FF%FE%20%00Book File System Personality: NTFS Type (Bundle): ntfs Name (User Visible): Windows NT File System (NTFS) Partition Type: Windows_NTFS OS Can Be Installed: No Media Type: Generic Protocol: USB SMART Status: Not Supported Total Size: 2.0 TB (2000364240896 Bytes) (exactly 3906961408 512-Byte-Blocks) Volume Free Space: 212.5 GB (212506509312 Bytes) (exactly 415051776 512-Byte-Blocks) Device Block Size: 512 Bytes Read-Only Media: No Read-Only Volume: Yes Ejectable: Yes Whole: No Internal: No And there is no UUID. What is wrong exactly? Thank you.

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  • webmail suite recommendation

    - by hoball
    Hello, I have serveral emails in a few domains (email@domain1, email@domain2, email@domain3). Currently they are on an owned email server and I am collecting emails via IMAP protocol (i would not like to use POP..) in Thunderbird. I have a few partners and I want to allow them to access the same email address. Here is what I desired: All users can open All the inboxes via IMAP @ Thunderbird (with proper configuration) at the same time, there are a webmail system, every user can login their account (userA, userB, userC), and they will see all inboxes (email@domain1, email@domain2, email@domain3) Would you recommend any suite that fits my needs? Either (a system to be installed on my server) or (a remote service where I need to config MX records) will do. Thank you.

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  • dhclient and dhcpcd the real difference

    - by rubixibuc
    I can't figure out the difference from just the man pages. I can see what is a daemon and one is a client, but what does that mean practically when using the commands? Also what is the difference between the client and daemon in this case, not just the terms (client and daemon) but functionally wise? EDIT: How are the tasks divided, if the client updates the information on the client, what is the purpose of the daemon. I'm talking about the client daemon in this case dhcpcd not dhcpd. Both come installed by default with some versions of Linux and seem to share the duties of the dhcp client. NAME dhcpcd - DHCP client daemon Name dhclient - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client

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  • Why change net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize in FreeBSD?

    - by sh-beta
    In virtually every FreeBSD network tuning document I can find: # /boot/loader.conf net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 This is usually paired with some unhelpful statement like "TCP control-block hash table tuning" or "Set this to a reasonable value." man 4 tcp isn't much help either: tcbhashsize Size of the TCP control-block hash table (read-only). This may be tuned using the kernel option TCBHASHSIZE or by setting net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize in the loader(8). The only document I can find that touches on this mysterious thing is the Protocol Control Block Lookup subsection beneath Transport Layer in Optimizing the FreeBSD IP and TCP Stack, but its description is more about potential bottlenecks in using it. It seems tied to matching new TCP segments to their listening sockets, but I'm not sure how. What exactly is the TCP Control Block used for? Why would you want to set its hash size to 4096 or any other particular number?

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