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• How is it possible for SSD's drives to have such a good latency?

  - by tigrou

  First time i read some information about SSD's, i was surprised to learn they internally use NAND flash chips. This kind of memory is generally slow (low bandwidth) and have high latency while SSD's are just the opposite. But here is how it works : SSD drives increase their bandwidth by using several NAND flash chips in parallel. In other words, they do some data striping (aka RAID0) across several chips (done by the controller). What i don't understand is how SSD's drives have such a low latency, whereas they are using NAND chips? (or at least lot better than what a typical single NAND chip would do) EDIT: I think under-estimate NAND chip capabilities. USB drives, while powered by NAND's are mostly limited by USB protocol (which have a pretty high latency) and the USB controller. That explain their poor performance in some cases.

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• PDAnet on Android IP on PC is not public IP. Where does the NAT take place, PDAnet or Verizon?

  - by lcbrevard

  When using PDAnet on a PC (Win7 ultimate) to USB tether a Motorola Droid on Verizon 3G the IP address of the PC appears to be public - 64.245.171.115 (64-245-171-115.pools.spcsdns.net) - but connections show as coming from another public IP - 97.14.69.212 (212-sub-97.14.69.myvzw.com). Someone is performing Network Address Translation - either PDAnet or within the Verizon 3G network. Can someone tell me who is doing the NAT? Is it PDAnet or is it at Verizon? Is there any possibility of setting up port forwarding, such that connections to the public IP 97.14.69.212 (212-sub-97.14.69.myvzw.com) are forward to the PC? We are testing a network protocol that requires either a true public IP or forwarding a range of ports from the public Internet to the system on which the software runs (actually Linux hosted by VMware Player or Workstation on a PC running Windows).

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• When can an FTP server close its passive connections?

  - by Don Kirkby

  Does the FTP protocol allow the server to close any of its passive connections while the client is still connected? Can it tell when the client is finished receiving and then close the connection? I'm including an FTP server in my application using the pyftpdlib Python project. I've got it to work in active and passive mode, but I'm a bit concerned about when it closes its passive connections. I've tried connecting to it with both FileZilla and the default ftp command in Ubuntu, and in both cases, I get a new passive port for every request. That is, if I sit in the root folder and type ls 10 times, I use up 10 ports. This means that I have to allocate a big block of passive ports for the FTP server to use so it won't run out. As soon as the client disconnects, the server releases all the passive connections associated with that client and those ports can be reused. However, a long-running connection could use up a lot of ports.

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• L2TP Site to Site VPN issues

  - by Chris Lively

  I have a windows 2008 r2 server that needs to establish a VPN connection to a remote VPN server. We're using the L2TP protocol with a pre-shared key. I initially used the New Demand Dial interface wizard. Then I went into properties on the interface and set the type of VPn to L2TP/IPSec and put the key under the advanced settings. The error I received when attempting to connect is: An error occured during connection of the interface. A Demand Dial Router attempted to connect over a port that was reserved for Remote Access Clients only.

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• How can I send raw postscript to a remote printer via CUPS?

  - by Ash

  I have an ancient fax device with a printer interface that only accepts postscript level 1 documents formatted in a specific way. I only have access to this printer over the lpd:// protocol. I have some old documents from our previous system that work fine on our Unix machines, but they are altered somehow by CUPS when I use lp on our Linux system. The PDF files that end up in the print queue are significantly modified versions of the original, and although they still render in ghostscript, they don't do anything on the printer. I'm wondering if there's a way to tell CUPS "don't process this, just send it to the printer without modification", or whether there's a lpd client or procedure I could try?

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• Does Dreamweaver subversion support branching?

  - by John Isaacks

  Adobe Dreamweaver added support for subversion in CS4. I have CS5, I am able to update and commit, they even have a very easy rollback option where you can promote any revision number to "head" but I cannot figure out anyway to branch using it. According to Adobe their subversion support is not full featured. But I cannot find any resource that stats what all is supported. So is branching one of the things not supported? (I kind of feel like whats the point without branching?) If you can do it, how?

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• SQL connection is too slow

  - by user66905

  We have a business web application in ASP.NET + SQL Server 2008. In the beginning, SQL Server and IIS were on the same machine. Now we bought another machine. Current configuration is IIS machine plus SQL Server machine, and they are connected by a 1gb LAN connection. With this configuration our web application is slower than before. Max bandwidth is 1-2% of network, about 15mbps. When we use another threads to the same SQL Server from the same IIS machine, network use is higher. So this is no problem with SQL Server. Ho we can make higher bandwidth for this SQL connection? Specs: .Net 3.5 SQL Server 2008 Standard file transfer can use 100% of LAN SQL connection by TCP/IP protocol SQL logins Pool tested with enable and

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• MapReduce job is hung after 1 of 5 reducers completed on single-node environment

  - by Marboni

  I have only one Data Node on my dev environment on EC2. I ran heavy MR job and in 6 hours noticed that 100% of mappers and 20% of reducers finished (1 of reducer shows 100% competition, other ones - 0%). Looks like job is hung between 2 reducer runs. I don't see any errors in log files. What it can be? P.S. Last logs of successfully finished reducer: 2012-11-09 11:29:21,576 INFO org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task: Task:attempt_201211090523_0004_r_000000_0 is done. And is in the process of commiting 2012-11-09 11:29:22,692 INFO org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task: Task attempt_201211090523_0004_r_000000_0 is allowed to commit now 2012-11-09 11:29:22,719 INFO org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputCommitter: Saved output of task 'attempt_201211090523_0004_r_000000_0' to /data/output/1352457275873/20121109-053433-common 2012-11-09 11:29:22,721 INFO org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task: Task 'attempt_201211090523_0004_r_000000_0' done. 2012-11-09 11:29:22,725 INFO org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskLogsTruncater: Initializing logs' truncater with mapRetainSize=-1 and reduceRetainSize=-1

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• How do networking ports work? Can I configure the ports that client and server use?

  - by joedotnot

  Let's say i have a "server" program listening on address 1.2.3.4:69 (i.e. remote port 69) When i connect from a "client" program to it, typically i would specify the IP address + port of the target or server system; But what port would the client be using ? And how does the server know which port to connect back to the client on? I understand this question is very general, but just wanting to get a general feel for how things work. Then extending this to a specific protocol, say FTP (typical port 21), can I change it such that the server uses port 69, but the client uses port 100? And similarly, for Remote Desktop in WinXP (typical port 3389), i know how to change the server port to be something other than 3389, but how does one change what port the client uses (if at all possible)?

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• arp across subnets which devices can be detected?

  - by Gobliins

  i have some devices connected in the same physical network (LAN) but in different subnets. I want to detect them all with the ARP from my computer. My Computer is also in the same physical network but on a different subnet. ! The devices have no arp protocol installed (yet). Is it possible to detect the devices (with or withour ARP installed on every device)? If the devices have a MAC-address but no IP-address, can ARP still detect the machines?

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• Mounting share over VPN

  - by user1337

  I have a CentOS 5 web server which currently mounts a NFS export on my Mac OS X 10.7 laptop. It works great, except over VPN I can't get it to mount at all. I tried SMBUp but haven't been able to get it working even locally. It doesn't look like there's an easy way to install netatalk for CentOS 5. Even still, I'm not sure if that's the best way to do it. I tried using a GUI SSH client that can "mount a FTP disk" and it would work, except the files require root access and there's no external root access and the client can't elevate permissions. The basic thing I need to do is have the server be able to read the files off of my laptop, connected via VPN. The files are frequently updated (every 5-20 seconds) so I don't want to manually do that via SSH. Which protocol can work with both platforms and easily handle the latency introduced by VPN (and potentially mobile broadband)? Thanks

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• git-receive-pack : command not found.

  - by Philippe Mongeau

  I made a git repo on a local machine with "git init --bare" and added it as the remote origin on the project on my main computer with ssh: git add remote origin [email protected]:repoName.git I was able to make a commit and push from my main computer to the other computer the day I created the repo, but today i tried and it didn't work. When I did "git push origin" it returned this error: bash: line 1: git-receive-pack: command not found fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly The two machines are mac the main one running Leopard and the server one running Tiger. I think it may be realted to the $PATH of git on the server but I'm not sure. i used theses instrution to create my git server: http://blog.commonthread.com/2008/4/14/setting-up-a-git-server

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• Reasons for firewall alerts from ICMPv6 Local Link Address unreachable?

  - by Pulse

  For some reason I'm receiving numerous alerts, for a variety of processes, from my firewall. These are all related to ICMPv6 and are the same, apart from the process for which the alert was generated. 'Application/Process' Is trying to Access the Internet Remote Address - fe80::7191:6bd1:e5fa:58af [The Link Local Address] ICMP Type = 1 [Destination Unreachable] ICMP Code = 3 [Address Unreachable] Protocol = ICMPv6 Allow or Block If I Allow or Block, the alert never reoccurs. I understand what the various elements of these messages represent, I just can't fathom out why they are being generated. What could be the reason for these Alerts? OS - Windows 7 x86 Ultimate Thanks

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• UID uniqueness of IMAP mails

  - by SecStone

  In our internal webmail system, we'd like to attach notes and contacts to certain mails. In order to do this, we have to keep track of every mail on our IMAP server. Unfortunately the IMAP standard doesn't enforce the uniqueness of the UID of a mail in a mailbox (just in subfolders). Is there any tool/IMAP server which generates UIDs which are truly unique? Or is there any other way how we can identify each mail? (the Message-ID header field is not unique as some mails do not contain such a field). Additional resources: Unique ID in IMAP protocol - Limilabs.com

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• Vlan Tagging at Access Port in Switch

  - by singh

  I'm Confused from the fact that Vlan tagging is done at access port and trunk port always gets tagged packets (until its case of native vlan).But I still believe in other fact which says tagging happen only when a frame hit the trunk port which means trunk port gets untagged frame and tagging is not possible at access port. Would like to know where actually this tagging happens ? and also which command we can use to encapsulate 802.1q protocol to access port ? The way we do at trunk port is switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q Is the above command applicable for access mode also?

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• Can IP v4 and IP v6 share a single physical Ethernet?

  - by sleske

  I keep reading about the transition from IP v4 to IP v6, and the possible advantages and problems. One thing that keeps popping up is "dual-stack" networking, meaning (I believe) a host can speak both IPv4 and IPv6. I don't quite understand how this works, however. Can a host actually transmit using IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time over the same physical Ethernet (like e.g. HTTP and FTP can be used simultaneously)? Or is the physical network strictly IPv4 or IPv6, with the "other" protocol sent via tunneling?

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• MySql sevice stops under 2008 r2 x64

  - by volody

  I have installed MySql 5.5 server under windows 2008r2 x64 Apparently I can see that it stops even if is configured to start automatically What can I do to find out why this is happening? MySql database is used as backend of ASP.Net web site Is it possible that web site was not active for a while and system stop mysql service? Update: It was mysql-5.5.7-rc-winx64. I could an issue with this version. Now I am trying to install mysql-5.5.8-winx64 And I have an issue with configuring MySql to work using name pipes I did uncheck use of TCP/IP protocol and configuration wizard just hangs

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• controlling the bandwidth using tc

  - by Supratik

  Hi I have two NIC etho is connected to the internet and eth1 is connected to the LAN. I want to restrict the download limit using iptables and linux tc. So I wrote a test script to verify if it is working. My iptables configuration is as below. iptables -t mangle -N INBOUND iptables -t mangle -I PREROUTING -i eth0 -j INBOUND iptables -t mangle -A INBOUND -j MARK --set-mark 60 My ingress configuration is as below. tc qdisc add dev eth0 handle 1: ingress tc filter add dev eth0 parent 1: protocol ip prio 1 handle 60 fw police rate 100kbit burst 20kbit drop flowid :1 Can you please tell me what I am missing here ?

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• What is your approach to draw a representation of your network ?

  - by Kartoch

  Hello, I'm looking to the community to see how people are drawing their networks, i.e. using symbols to represent complex topology. You can have hardware approach, where every hardware unit are represented. You can also have "entity" approach, where each "service" is shown. Both are interesting but it is difficult to have both on the same schema (but this is needed, especially using virtualization environment). Furthermore, it is difficult to have complex informations on such representation. For instance security parameters (encrypted link, need for authentication) or specific details (protocol type, ports, encapsulation). So my question is: where your are drawing a representation of your network, what is your approach ? Are you using methodology and/or specific softwares ? What is your recommendations for information to put (or not) ? How to deal with the complexity when the network becomes large and/or you want to put a lot of information on it ? Examples and links to good references will be appreciated.

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• VM connected to network but not to internet in VMware Player 6 on Windows 8.1 host

  - by user1257262

  So I am running Bitnami's MEAN stack in VMware Player 6.0.2 on Windows 8.1 and the VM connects just fine to the network: https://www.dropbox.com/s/xfdzohjuuepz52w/ifconfig.PNG However, I am having a great deal of trouble getting the VM to communicate with the internet. No matter what sort of action I take (even something as simple as apt-get update), the machine just sits there and eventually fails to connect. Here is my VM's Network Adapter configuration: https://www.dropbox.com/s/xfdzohjuuepz52w/ifconfig.PNG On my host Windows 8.1 computer, I actually have the VMware Bridge Protocol enabled but for VMware Network Adapters (VMnet1 and VMnet 8), but they are listed as having No Internet access in my Network and Sharing Center. I am not entirely sure if these adapters are relevant to connecting the VM to the internet, to be honest. This is the first time I have ever had an issue connecting a virtual machine to the internet. This problem is also happening with other VM's I am trying to run. Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong and how I can fix it?

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• Is it possible to pick out what applications that should run through a VPN in Ubuntu 9.10

  - by user31257

  Hi, I'm using Ubuntu 9.10 and I'm wondering if it is possible to pick out what applications that should use a VPN. Say for example that I want to route Transmissions connection through a VPN, but I also want to be able to access my computer over SSH via my usual static IP-adress ( running the SSH- deamon over my normal internet connection) . Is there anyway to do this? As I've been searching the web I found that at least it is possible to set whether you want both your internet connection and your "local network" to go through the VPN or if you want just the "local network" to go through it. I'm using the network-manager-pptp with the pptp- protocol.

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• KVM vs Hyper-V. Which hypervisor is best for windows guests?

  - by user198851

  I am currently testing openstack for windows guests (XP and 7). I have deployed openstack "all in one" on system with following specs Processor corei5. (4 physical cores and 8 Threads with HT Technology) RAM 8 GB. HD 500 GB. I have created 4 windows xp guests with 512MB RAM and 1VCPU. On each windows guest i have installed visual studio 2008 only. In nova.conf CPU Over-Commit ratio is 2 for better performance (as mentioned in openstack operation guide). Using KVM as hyerpvisor. I have observed poor performance when simultaneously using visual studio in four windows instances. How i can improve performance ? Should i use KVM or Hyper-V ? or any other suggestion ?

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• What protocols will/are ISPs use for IPv6 deployment?

  - by rbeede

  Currently ISPs deal out addresses via DHCP for IPv4 dynamic (single) addresses. What protocol will/are ISPs going to use for IPv6 when they can hand a customer an entire /64 (or /48 if they are nice) block? DHCPv6, RA? For ISPs that support true end-to-end IPv6 will they provide gateway devices (similar to cable modem or true DSL bridges for example) that receive border information for that specific customer? I'm just trying to get an idea of how your common residential service customer will have to configure things in an IPv6 Internet (whenever that comes). Will it be something customers are expected to statically configure on their home wireless router? Today with IPv4 I do it like this: Modem (bridge) passes public IPv4 obtained via DHCPv4 from ISP to second device (wireless router). It in turn has its own DHCPv4 service it provides on the internal lan.

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• Can I use the same machine as a client and server for SSH?

  - by achraf

  For development tests, I need to setup an SFTP server. So I want to know if it's possible to use the same machine as the client and the server. I tried and I keep getting this error: > Permission denied (publickey). > Connection closed and by running ssh -v agharroud@localhost i get : > OpenSSH_3.8.1p1,OpenSSL 0.9.7d 17 Mar > debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config > debug1: Connecting to localhost [127.0.0.1] port 22. > debug1: Connection established. > debug1: identity file /home/agharroud/.ssh/identity type -1 > debug1: identity file /home/agharroud/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 > debug1: identity file /home/agharroud/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 > debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_3.8.1p1 > debug1: match: OpenSSH_3.8.1p1 pat OpenSSH* > debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 > debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_3.8.1p1 > debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent > debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received > debug1: kex:server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none > debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none > debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent > debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP > debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent > debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY > debug1: Host 'localhost' is known and matches the RSA host key. > debug1: Found key in /home/agharroud/.ssh/known_hosts:1 > debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct > debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent > debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS > debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received > debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent > debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT > received > > ****USAGE WARNING**** > > This is a private computer system. This computer system, including all > related equipment, networks, and network devices (specifically > including Internet access) are provided only for authorized use. This > computer system may be monitored for all lawful purposes, including to > ensure that its use is authorized, for management of the system, to > facilitate protection against unauthorized access, and to verify > security procedures, survivability, and operational security. Monitoring > includes active attacks by authorized entities to test or verify the > security of this system. During monitoring, information may be > examined, recorded, copied and used for authorized purposes. All > information, including personal information, placed or sent over this > system may be monitored. > > Use of this computer system, authorized or unauthorized, > constitutes consent to monitoring of this system. Unauthorized use may > subject you to criminal prosecution. Evidence of unauthorized use collected > during monitoring may be used for administrative, criminal, or other > adverse action. Use of this system constitutes consent to monitoring for > these purposes. > > debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey > debug1: Next authentication method: publickey > debug1: Trying private key:/home/agharroud/.ssh/identity > debug1: Offering public key:/home/agharroud/.ssh/id_rsa > debug1:Authentications that can continue:publickey > debug1: Trying private key:/home/agharroud/.ssh/id_dsa > debug1: No more authentication methods to try. > Permission denied (publickey). Any ideas about the problem ? thanks !

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• windows-server-2003, windows server, download utility from command line , http or ftp or any other p

  - by Michael

  Hello , I need to know if there is anyway utility bult-in windows 2003 that I can use from the command line to download a file using only one command. Basically I know that I can download from ftp using the "ftp" utility but in order to do that I need to do first "ftp open" and then pass the other commands so it doesn't help me because I need to do perform the download only from one command. The download may be performed through http, ftp or any other protocol. OS Name: Microsoft(R) Windows(R) Server 2003 Enterprise x64 Editio OS Version: 5.2.3790 Service Pack 2 Build 379 Thank you in advance for any answer !

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