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  • Python / Django : emulating a multidimensionnal layer on a mySql database

    - by Sébastien Piquemal
    Hi, I'm working on a Django project where I need to provide a lot of different visualizations on the same data (for example average of a value for each month, for each year / for a location, etc ...). I have been using OLAP database once in college, and I thought that it would fit my needs, but it appears that it is much to heavy for what I need. Actually the volume of data is not very big, so I don't need any optimization, just a way to present different visualizations of the same data without having to write 1000 times the same code. So let's recap : I need a python library : to emulate a multidimensional database (OLAP style would be nice because I think it is quite convenient : stat structure, and everything) non-intrusive, because I can't modify anything on the existing mysql database easy-to-use, because otherwise there's no point in replacing some overhead by another.

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  • Python module seeing a full list as empty in another module

    - by Nick
    I'm working on a pygame project and have the main engine layed out. The problem is I hit a bug that I just can not seem to figure out. What happens is one module can't read a variable from another module. It's not that the variable can't be read, it just sees an empty list instead of what it really is. Instead of posting the entire source code I reproduced the bug in two small snippets that hopefully a skillful python-ist can interpret in his\her head. Code: main.py (This is the file that gets run) import screen screens = [] #A stack for all the game screens def current_screen(): #return a reference to the current screen return screens[-1] def play(): print'play called' current_screen().update() if __name__=='__main__': screens.append(screen.Screen()) play() screen.py import main class Screen: def __init__(self): print'screen made' def update(self): print main.screens #Should have a reference to itself in there Thanks!

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  • Python/Biomolecular Physics- Trying to code a simple stochastic simulation of a system exhibiting co

    - by user359597
    *edited 6/17/10 I'm trying to understand how to improve my code (make it more pythonic). Also, I'm interested in writing more intuitive 'conditionals' that would describe scenarios that are commonplace in biochemistry. The conditional criteria in the below program is explained in Answer #2, but I am not satisfied with it- it is correct, but isn't obvious and isn't easy to implement for more complicated conditional scenarios. Ideas welcome. Comments/criticisms welcome. First posting experience @ stackoverflow- please comment on etiquette if needed. The code generates a list of values that are the solution to the following exercise: "In a programming language of your choice, implement Gillespie’s First Reaction Algorithm to study the temporal behaviour of the reaction A---B in which the transition from A to B can only take place if another compound, C, is present, and where C dynamically interconverts with D, as modelled in the Petri-net below. Assume that there are 100 molecules of A, 1 of C, and no B or D present at the start of the reaction. Set kAB to 0.1 s-1 and both kCD and kDC to 1.0 s-1. Simulate the behaviour of the system over 100 s." def sim(): # Set the rate constants for all transitions kAB = 0.1 kCD = 1.0 kDC = 1.0 # Set up the initial state A = 100 B = 0 C = 1 D = 0 # Set the start and end times t = 0.0 tEnd = 100.0 print "Time\t", "Transition\t", "A\t", "B\t", "C\t", "D" # Compute the first interval transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) # Loop until the end time is exceded or no transition can fire any more while t <= tEnd and transition >= 0: print t, '\t', transition, '\t', A, '\t', B, '\t', C, '\t', D t += interval if transition == 0: A -= 1 B += 1 if transition == 1: C -= 1 D += 1 if transition == 2: C += 1 D -= 1 transition, interval = transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC) def transitionData(A, B, C, D, kAB, kCD, kDC): """ Returns nTransition, the number of the firing transition (0: A->B, 1: C->D, 2: D->C), and interval, the interval between the time of the previous transition and that of the current one. """ RAB = kAB * A * C RCD = kCD * C RDC = kDC * D dt = [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0] if RAB > 0.0: dt[0] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RAB if RCD > 0.0: dt[1] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RCD if RDC > 0.0: dt[2] = -math.log(1.0 - random.random())/RDC interval = 1e36 transition = -1 for n in range(len(dt)): if dt[n] > 0.0 and dt[n] < interval: interval = dt[n] transition = n return transition, interval if __name__ == '__main__': sim()

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  • python class attribute

    - by chnet
    Hi, i have a question about class attribute in python. class base : def __init__ (self): pass derived_val = 1 t1 = base() t2 = base () t2.derived_val +=1 t2.__class__.derived_val +=2 print t2.derived_val # its value is 2 print t2.__class__.derived_val # its value is 3 The results are different. I also use id() function to find t2.derived_val and t2.class.derived_val have different memory address. My problem is derived_val is class attribute. Why it is different in above example? Is it because the instance of class copy its own derived_val beside the class attribute?

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  • python: strange behavior about exec statement

    - by ifocus
    exec statement: exec code [ in globals[, locals]] When I execute the following code in python, the result really confused me. Some of the variables were setup into the globals, some were setup into the locals. s = """ # test var define int_v1 = 1 list_v1 = [1, 2, 3] dict_v1 = {1: 'hello', 2:'world', 3:'!'} # test built-in function list_v2 = [float(x) for x in list_v1] len_list_v1 = len(list_v1) # test function define def func(): global g_var, list_v1, dict_v1 print 'access var in globals:' print g_var print 'access var in locals:' for x in list_v1: print dict_v1[x] """ g = {'__builtins__': __builtins__, 'g_var': 'global'} l = {} exec s in g, l print 'globals:', g print 'locals:', l exec 'func()' in g, l the result in python2.6.5: globals: {'__builtins__': <module '__builtin__' (built-in)>, 'dict_v1': {1: 'hello', 2: 'world', 3: '!'}, 'g_var': 'global', 'list_v1': [1, 2, 3]} locals: {'int_v1': 1, 'func': <function func at 0x00ACA270>, 'x': 3, 'len_list_v1': 3, 'list_v2': [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]} access var in globals: global access var in locals: hello world ! And if I want to setup all variables and functions into the locals, and keep the rights of accessing the globals. How to do ?

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  • Python Importing object that originates in one module from a different module into a third module

    - by adewinter
    I was reading the sourcode for a python project and came across the following line: from couchexport.export import Format (source: https://github.com/wbnigeria/couchexport/blob/master/couchexport/views.py#L1 ) I went over to couchexport/export.py to see what Format was (Class? Dict? something else?). Unfortunately Format isn't in that file. export.py does however import a Format from couchexport.models where there is a Format class (source: https://github.com/wbnigeria/couchexport/blob/master/couchexport/models.py#L11). When I open up the original file in my IDE and have it look up the declaration, in line I mentioned at the start of this question, it leads directly to models.py. What's going on? How can an import from one file (export.py) actually be an import from another file (models.py) without being explicitly stated?

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  • Python `.pth` files and using relative paths

    - by kRON
    I have a lot of development versions of packages installed with virtualenv under the default /src directory in the environment. Normally, I decided to do the development of my project under the /src directory afterwards. To add my directory to the Python path, I decided to eschew from using any absolute paths, since I'm going to have to move the project around with my friends. It's a Django application, so I was happy with putting environment.pth under the root that contained the path to my project and a wsgi in the same directory would call the sites module to parse environment.pth. All good. I was also looking to move the .pth file into site-packages, but I'm having trouble with relative paths that move up the directory tree. For: /env /lib /site-pacakges /src /myproject So, the .pth entry in site-packages to myproject should look like ../../src/myproject, but this doesn't seem to be working for me on Windows.

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  • Python proper use of __str__ and __repr__

    - by Peter
    Hey, My current project requires extensive use of bit fields. I found a simple, functional recipe for bit a field class but it was lacking a few features I needed, so I decided to extend it. I've just got to implementing __str__ and __repr__ and I want to make sure I'm following convention. __str__ is supposed to be informal and concice, so I've made it return the bit field's decimal value (i.e. str(bit field 11) would be "3". __repr__ is supposed to be a official representation of the object, so I've made it return the actual bit string (i.e. repr(bit field 11) would be "11"). In your opinion would this implementation meet the conventions for str and repr? Additionally, I have used the bin() function to get the bit string of the value stored in the class. This isn't compatible with Python < 2.6, is there an alternative method? Cheers, Pete

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  • Sqlite and Python -- return a dictionary using fetchone()?

    - by AndrewO
    I'm using sqlite3 in python 2.5. I've created a table that looks like this: create table votes ( bill text, senator_id text, vote text) I'm accessing it with something like this: v_cur.execute("select * from votes") row = v_cur.fetchone() bill = row[0] senator_id = row[1] vote = row[2] What I'd like to be able to do is have fetchone (or some other method) return a dictionary, rather than a list, so that I can refer to the field by name rather than position. For example: bill = row['bill'] senator_id = row['senator_id'] vote = row['vote'] I know you can do this with MySQL, but does anyone know how to do it with SQLite? Thanks!!!

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  • "Streaming" MJPG using python.

    - by tyler
    I have a webcam that I want to do some image processing on using Python. It's coming through as a Motion-JPEG. I want to try to process the stuff "live," but really what I want to do is this: Open the URL, start data streaming to some buffer... Read x bytes (where x is image size) to an image Process that image Display in result panel Return to number 2 The problem is that, while I do have the resolution, I have no idea how many bytes to read. I've tried googling the M-JPEG specification but can't find anything on if the images are separated by some header or what. Anybody have any ideas?

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  • Manipulating binary data in Python

    - by Dominic Bou-Samra
    I am opening up a binary file like so: file = open("test/test.x", 'rb') and reading in lines to a list. Each line looks a little like: '\xbe\x00\xc8d\xf8d\x08\xe4.\x07~\x03\x9e\x07\xbe\x03\xde\x07\xfe\n' I am having a hard time manipulating this data. If I try and print each line, python freezes, and emits beeping noises (I think there's a binary beep code in there somewhere). How do I go about using this data safely? How can I convert each hex number to decimal?

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  • Python's urllib2 don't work on some sites

    - by Binny V A
    I found that you can't read from some sites using Python's urllib2(or urllib). An example... urllib2.urlopen("http://www.dafont.com/").read() # Returns '' These sites works when you visit the site. I can even scrap them using PHP(didn't try other languages). I have seen other sites with the same issue - but can't remember the URL at the moment. My questions are... What is the cause of this issue? Any workaround for this issue?

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  • Google Application Engine slow in case of Python...

    - by Aftershock
    hi, I am reading a "table" in Python in GAE that has 1000 rows and the program stops because the time limit is reached. (So it takes at least 20 seconds.)( Is that possible that GAE is that slow? Is there a way to fix that? Is this because I use free service and I do not pay for it? Thank you. The code itself is this: for u in userall: # userall has 1000 users for stockname in stocknamesall: # 4 stocks astock= stocksowned() astock.quantity = random.randint(1,100) astock.nameid = u.key() astock.stockid = stockname.key() liststocks.append(astock);

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  • Python BOM error in Ascii file

    - by Intosia
    I have a wierd annoying problem with Python 2.6 I trying to run this file (and the other), on my Embedded Linux ARM board. http://svn.tuxisalive.com/software_suite_v3/smart-core/smart-server/trunk/TDSService.py I get this error File "tuxhttpserver.py", line 1 SyntaxError: encoding problem: with BOM I know that error is about the BOM bytes etc etc. BUT, there are NO BOM bytes, its plain Ascii. I checked with a Hexeditor, and the linux File command says its Ascii. Im freaking out here... The code worked fine on my Sheevaplug (also a ARM based system).

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  • Most useful Python modules from the standard library?

    - by EOL
    I am teaching a graduate level Python class at the University of Paris, and the students need to be introduced to the standard library. I want to discuss with them about some of the most important standard modules. What modules do you think are absolute musts? Even though responses probably vary depending on your field (web programming, science, etc.), I feel that some modules are commonly needed: math, sys, re, os, os.path, logging,… and maybe: collections, struct,… What modules would you suggest I present, in a 1 or 2 hour slot?

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  • How to Redirect a Python Console output to a QTextBox

    - by krishnanunni
    Hello, I'm working on developing a GUI for the recompilation of Linux kernel. For this I need to implement 4-5 Linux commands from Python. I use Qt as GUI designer. I have successfully implemented the commands using os.system() call. But the output is obtained at the console. The real problem is the output of command is a listing that takes almost 20-25 min continuous printing. How we can transfer this console output to a text box designed in Qt. Can any one help me to implement the setSource() operation in Qt using source as the live console outputs.

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  • Check if Rhythmbox is running via Python

    - by cschol
    I am trying to extract information from Rhythmbox via dbus, but I only want to do so, if Rhythmbox is running. Is there a way to check if Rhythmbox is running via Python without starting it if it is not running? Whenever I invoke the dbus code like this: bus = dbus.Bus() obj = bus.get_object("org.gnome.Rhythmbox", "/org/gnome/Rhythmbox/Shell") iface = dbus.Interface(obj, "org.gnome.Rhythmbox.Shell) and Rhythmbox is not running, it then starts it. Can I check via dbus if Rhythmbox is running without actually starting it? Or is there any other way, other than parsing the list of currently running processes, to do so?

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  • itertools.product eliminating repeated reversed tuples

    - by genclik27
    I asked a question yesterday and thanks to Tim Peters, it is solved. The question is here; itertools.product eliminating repeated elements The new question is further version of this. This time I will generate tuples inside of tuples. Here is an example; lis = [[(1,2), (3,4)], [(5,2), (1,2)], [(2,1), (1,2)]] When I use it in itertools.product function this is what I get, ((1, 2), (5, 2), (2, 1)) ((1, 2), (5, 2), (1, 2)) ((1, 2), (1, 2), (2, 1)) ((1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2)) ((3, 4), (5, 2), (2, 1)) ((3, 4), (5, 2), (1, 2)) ((3, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1)) ((3, 4), (1, 2), (1, 2)) I want to change it in a way that if a sequence has (a,b) inside of it, then it can not have (b,a). In this example if you look at this sequence ((3, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1)) it has (1,2) and (2,1) inside of it. So, this sequence ((3, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1)) should not be considered in the results. As I said, I asked similar question before, in that case it was not considering duplicate elements. I try to adapt it to my problem. Here is modified code. Changed parts in old version are taken in comments. def reverse_seq(seq): s = [] for i in range(len(seq)): s.append(seq[-i-1]) return tuple(s) def uprod(*seqs): def inner(i): if i == n: yield tuple(result) return for elt in sets[i] - reverse: #seen.add(elt) rvrs = reverse_seq(elt) reverse.add(rvrs) result[i] = elt for t in inner(i+1): yield t #seen.remove(elt) reverse.remove(rvrs) sets = [set(seq) for seq in seqs] n = len(sets) #seen = set() reverse = set() result = [None] * n for t in inner(0): yield t In my opinion this code should work but I am getting error for the input lis = [[(1,2), (3,4)], [(5,2), (1,2)], [(2,1), (1,2)]]. I could not understand where I am wrong. for i in uprod(*lis): print i Output is, ((1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2)) Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Users\SUUSER\workspace tree\sequence_covering _array\denemeler_buraya.py", line 39, in <module> for i in uprod(*lis): File "D:\Users\SUUSER\workspace tree\sequence_covering _array\denemeler_buraya.py", line 32, in uprod for t in inner(0): File "D:\Users\SUUSER\workspace tree\sequence_covering _array\denemeler_buraya.py", line 22, in inner for t in inner(i+1): File "D:\Users\SUUSER\workspace tree\sequence_covering _array\denemeler_buraya.py", line 25, in inner reverse.remove(rvrs) KeyError: (2, 1) Thanks,

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  • Python list as *args?

    - by Cap
    I have two Python functions, both of which take variable arguments in their function definitions. To give a simple example: def func1(*args): for arg in args: print arg def func2(*args): return [2 * arg for arg in args] I'd like to compose them -- as in func1(func2(3, 4, 5)) -- but I don't want args in func1 to be ([6, 7, 8],), I want it to be (6, 7, 8), as if it was called as func1(6, 7, 8) rather than func1([6, 7, 8]). Normally, I would just use func1(*func2(3, 4, 5)) or have func1 check to see if args[0] was a list. Unfortunately, I can't use the first solution in this particular instance and to apply the second would require doing such a check in many places (there are a lot of functions in the role of func1). Does anybody have an idea how to do this? I imagine some sort of introspection could be used, but I could be wrong.

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  • Mocking imported modules in Python

    - by Evgenyt
    I'm trying to implement unit tests for function that uses imported external objects. For example helpers.py is: import os import pylons def some_func(arg): ... var1 = os.path.exist(...) var2 = os.path.getmtime(...) var3 = pylons.request.environ['HTTP_HOST'] ... So when I'm creating unit test for it I do some mocking (minimock in my case) and replacing references to pylons.request and os.path: import helpers def test_some_func(): helpers.pylons.request = minimock.Mock("pylons.request") helpers.pylons.request.environ = { 'HTTP_HOST': "localhost" } helpers.os.path = minimock.Mock(....) ... some_func(...) # assert ... This does not look good for me. Is there any other better way or strategy to substitute imported function/objects in Python?

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  • float change from python 3.0.1 to 3.1.2

    - by Jeremy
    Im trying to learn python. I am using 3.1.2 and the o'reilly book is using 3.0.1 here is my code import urllib.request price = (99.99) while price 4.74: page = urllib.request.urlopen ("http://www.beans-r-us.biz/prices-loyalty.html") text = page.read().decode("utf8") where = text.find('>$') start_of_price = where + 2 end_of_price = start_of_price + 6 price = float(text[start_of_price:end_of_price]) print ("Buy!") - here is my error Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/odin/Desktop/Coffe.py", line 14, in price = float(text[start_of_price:end_of_price]) ValueError: invalid literal for float(): 4.59 what is wrong? please help!!

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  • python: multiline regular expression

    - by facha
    Hi, everyone I have a piece of text and I've got to parse usernames and hashes out of it. Right now I'm doing it with two regular expressions. Could I do it with just one multiline regular expression? #!/usr/bin/env python import re test_str = """ Hello, UserName. Please read this looooooooooooooooong text. hash Now, write down this hash: fdaf9399jef9qw0j. Then keep reading this loooooooooong text. Hello, UserName2. Please read this looooooooooooooooong text. hash Now, write down this hash: gtwnhton340gjr2g. Then keep reading this loooooooooong text. """ logins = re.findall('Hello, (?P<login>.+).',test_str) hashes = re.findall('hash: (?P<hash>.+).',test_str)

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  • Running a python script in background from a CGI

    - by Cagey
    I have a python CGI which runs some script in the background and shows the stdout in the html page. I run the script when the user clicks some button in the page. My problem is when the script starts running the page becomes busy and the user can't use the other client side features in the page. What I want is: The script should run in background when the user clicks the button and should notify the CGI when run is complete. Then the CGI show should the stdout of the script run. How can this be done?

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  • how to get day name in datetime in python

    - by gadss
    how can I get the day name (such as : Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday) in datetime in python?... here is my code in my handlers.py from django.utils.xmlutils import SimplerXMLGenerator from piston.handler import BaseHandler from booking.models import * from django.db.models import * from piston.utils import rc, require_mime, require_extended, validate import datetime class BookingHandler(BaseHandler): allowed_method = ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE') fields = ('id', 'date_select', 'product_name', 'quantity', 'price','totalcost', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'contact', 'product') model = Booking def read(self, request, id, date_select): if not self.has_model(): return rc.NOT_IMPLEMENTED try: prod = Product.objects.get(id=id) prod_quantity = prod.quantity merge = [] checkDateExist = Booking.objects.filter(date_select=date_select) if checkDateExist.exists(): entered_date = Booking.objects.values('date_select').distinct('date_select').filter(date_select=date_select)[0]['date_select'] else: entered_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_select, '%Y-%m-%d') entered_date = entered_date.date() delta = datetime.timedelta(days=3) target_date = entered_date - delta day = 1 for x in range(0,7): delta = datetime.timedelta(days=x+day) new_date = target_date + delta maximumProdQuantity = prod.quantity quantityReserve = Booking.objects.filter(date_select=new_date, product=prod).aggregate(Sum('quantity'))['quantity__sum'] if quantityReserve == None: quantityReserve = 0 quantityAvailable = prod_quantity - quantityReserve data1 = {'maximum_guest': maximumProdQuantity, 'available': quantityAvailable, 'date': new_date} merge.append(data1) return merge except self.model.DoesNotExist: return rc.NOT_HERE in my code: this line sets the date: for x in range(0,7): delta = datetime.timedelta(days=x+day) new_date = target_date + delta

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  • python regex for repeating string

    - by Lars Nordin
    I am wanting to verify and then parse this string (in quotes): string = "start: c12354, c3456, 34526;" //Note that some codes begin with 'c' I would like to verify that the string starts with 'start:' and ends with ';' Afterward, I would like to have a regex parse out the strings. I tried the following python re code: regx = r"V1 OIDs: (c?[0-9]+,?)+;" reg = re.compile(regx) matched = reg.search(string) print ' matched.groups()', matched.groups() I have tried different variations but I can either get the first or the last code but not a list of all three. Or should I abandon using a regex?

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