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• Steps to take when technical staff leave

  - by Tom O'Connor

  How do you handle the departure process when privileged or technical staff resign / get fired? Do you have a checklist of things to do to ensure the continuing operation / security of the company's infrastructure? I'm trying to come up with a nice canonical list of things that my colleagues should do when I leave (I resigned a week ago, so I've got a month to tidy up and GTFO). So far I've got: Escort them off the premises Delete their email Inbox (set all mail to forward to a catch-all) Delete their SSH keys on server(s) Delete their mysql user account(s) ... So, what's next. What have I forgotten to mention, or might be similarly useful? (endnote: Why is this off-topic? I'm a systems administrator, and this concerns continuing business security, this is definitely on-topic.)

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• Repartition Ubuntu by command line?

  - by DisgruntledGoat

  On my server the filesystem includes these partitions: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 4.6G 929M 3.5G 21% / /dev/sda5 76M 20M 53M 27% /boot /dev/sda8 449G 199M 426G 1% /home /dev/sda7 4.6G 4.4G 0 100% /var (Output from df -ah) I'm storing the web sites and databases under /var and as you can see it's got full. The /home folder just has basic user directories and nothing else so I'd like to repartition the server so that /dev/sda8 is about 5GB, with the rest going to dev/sda7. What's the easiest way to do this via command line (i.e. SSH)?

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• iproute2 premptive route creation, i think....

  - by Bryan Hunt

  Firstly: I know could do this the easy way with SSH but I want to learn how to route. I want to route packets back through the same tun0 interface from which they came into my system. I can do it for single routes. This works: sudo ip route add 74.52.23.120 metric 2 via 10.8.0.1 But i'd have to add them manually for each request that came down the pipe I've taken the blue pill and followed the http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.netfilter.html: Netfilter & iproute - marking packets tutorial But it's oriented towards redirecting OUTGOING packets based upon markers What I want is for a packet that comes in via tun0 not to be dropped which is what's happening right now, running scappy or suchlike to receive packets it doesn't seem to be receiving anything. Watching in wireshark I see the initial SYN packets coming in on the tun0 interface but that's as far as it gets without a static route as shown above. Am I nuts?

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• using Linux vncviewer

  - by Darkoni

  Hi ! when i am connecting to VNC server using wine on linux $ wine vncviewer.exe i have to enter: VNC Server: 1.1.1.21 Proxy/Reapeter: 195.29.18.33:1234 and then, when i connect, on top there is txt: 1.1.1.21:5900 (195.29.18.33:1234) mine question is: how to connect using vncviewer ? what to put in VNC_VIA_CMD ? $ export xlocalPort=1234 $ export xremoteHost=1.1.1.21 $ export xremotePort=5900 $ export xgateway=195.29.18.33 $ export VNC_VIA_CMD="/usr/bin/ssh -f -L $xlocalPort:$xremoteHost:$xremotePort $xgateway sleep 20" $ vncviewer $xremoteHost -via $xgateway and i get error: unable connect to socket: Connection refused (111) i was trying to help myself with page http://www.tightvnc.com/vncviewer.1.php Please help, couse i need to use "native" linux vncviewer installed by $ yum install tigervnc tigervnc.i686 0:1.0.90-0.13.20100420svn4030.fc13 Thnx

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• Empty /var/log after running cron bash script

  - by Ortix92

  I wrote a little bash script and all of a sudden my /var/log folder is completely empty except for the log I created for the bash script. This is the script I'm running every hour with cron: #!/bin/bash STL_DIR=/path/to/some/folder/i/hid LOGFILE=/var/log/stl_upload.log now=`date` echo "----------Start of Transmission----------" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE echo "Starting transfer at $now" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE rsync -av -e ssh $STL_DIR [email protected]:/users/path/folder 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE echo "----------End of transmission----------" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE printf "\n" 2>&1 | tee -a $LOGFILE I want to be clear that I'm not 100% certain this is related to the empty logs folder. So if anyone could give me a pointer as to what could be going on about the reason why my log folder is empty, that'd be great.

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• Nginx/FPM/PHP all php files say 'File not found.'

  - by Boon

  i just installed nginx 1.1.13 and php 5.4.0 on a centos 5.8 final 64bit machine. Nginx and PHP/Fpm are running, and I can run php scripts via ssh command line, but in the browser I keep getting 'File not found.' errors on all my PHP files. This is how I have my nginx.conf handle PHP scripts: location ~ \.php$ { root /opt/nginx/html; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /opt/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } This is a direct copy/paste from my other servers, where it works fine with this setup (but they run older versions of php/fpm). Why am I getting those errors?

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• How can I perform a controlled shutdown of a virtualbox guest using VBoxManage?

  - by Bryan

  I'm currently testing Ubuntu 10.04, and have install the VirtualBox software. I have also installed Ubuntu 10.04 as a VirtualBox guest running on the host system. I've installed the VirtualBox Utils into the guest OS, as follows: sudo apt-get install virtualbox-ose-guest-utils What I want to be able to do is to initiate a controlled shutdown of the guest, from the host system using the VBoxManage command. I first tried this command: VBoxManage controlvm guest poweroff which worked, but didn't initiate a controlled shutdown, it effectively pulls the plug on the guest. I've since found that this command should do the trick: VBoxManage controlvm guest acpipowerbutton but this doesn't appear to do anything. Can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong? p.s. I don't want to use SSH & Certificates to do this, as I'm also going to be running Windows guests, and I want the solution to work for all guests.

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• How to make an ISO copy of Linux-filesystem and user files of VPS Debian based?

  - by moogeek

  Hello! I have a Debian-Based VPS on some hosting. I want to migrate from it and i need to make a full copy of all Linux-filesystem (and installed packages) + all home directory with website files. And then pack/convert it to ISO image so that to use it on cloud hostings like Amazon. The problem is that i have only ssh root access. Hosting support can't do that for me. Another part of the question - is it possible to enlarge the Linux-filesystem by not re-installing it and using the free space of home directory? Is it possible to do? I guess it is possible with rsync or something like that. Will my Mysql databes copy together with all other data? Thanks in advance!

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• How to make an ISO copy of Linux-filesystem and user files of VPS Debian based?

  - by moogeek

  Hello! I have a Debian-Based VPS on some hosting. I want to migrate from it and i need to make a full copy of all Linux-filesystem (and installed packages) + all home directory with website files. And then pack/convert it to ISO image so that to use it on cloud hostings like Amazon. The problem is that i have only ssh root access. Hosting support can't do that for me. Another part of the question - is it possible to enlarge the Linux-filesystem by not re-installing it and using the free space of home directory? Is it possible to do? I guess it is possible with rsync or something like that. Will my Mysql databes copy together with all other data? Thanks in advance!

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• Resolving real IP address out of a dynamic dns address

  - by stavnir

  I recently opened a dynamic dns user (at no-ip for that matter..) for my own personal needs and especially for ssh-ing my computer whenever I need to, without knowing it's static IP. My questions are: Am I misusing the concept of dynamic dns? Are there more appropriate methods to do what I want to do? If not, how do I resolve my router's real ip address? Firefox somehow manages to do so, nslookup and other similar commands only resolve the ip of the ddns server (e.g. no-ip.org). Trying to figure this mystery with wireshark failed miserably ;)

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• Renting linux server just to make backups of my personnal data ?

  - by Matthieu

  Hi all, I would like to be able to backup ALL my computers data on a Linux server. For now, I have a home server, but soon I will be travelling, without home (so no home server). I was thinking of renting a dedicated linux webserver, but this is expensive, and I don't need a fast machine "web-oriented" with mysql server and all, I just need a full SSH access (full control, and then I install my programs). Does "backup servers" exist ? Am I doing it wrong (maybe that is not a good solution) ? Note : I run Mac OS, Windows and Linux, I backup through rsync, I want full control on my backup, not an automated "magic" backup like MobileMe or anything like that. Edit : I need around 500Gb storage

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• Ghosting context menu clicks in WinXP

  - by Swish

  Let me preface by saying I have a lot of windows open most of the time, although not resource intensive ones, just browsers, ssh sessions, a music player, FTP client, Notepad++, IM clkients, etc. Anyway, I get a lot of weird visual "ghosting" type effects. For example when right-clicking and then selecting an option from a context menu the selected item will remain in view until I right click somewhere on the desktop. Same thing happens when selecting items from the File, Edit, etc. menu in various programs. I'm assuming this is just a result of a less than high quality video card (NVIDIA GeForce FX 5200), all the other hardware in the machine is newer higher quality, that specific video card was added after the fact for multiple monitors. I have looked all over the web for solutions and have increased the number of GDI handles for Windows, reduced the hardware accelaration on the card, etc. Any suggestions other than replace the card?

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• $RYSNC_PASSWORD not being read/responded-to correctly (Snow Leopard)

  - by warren

  Ignoring the security issues, I have the following script that synchronizes my music library from my MacBook Pro (running Snow Leopard) to the file store (CentOS 4) on my network: rsync -rav --progress --partial -e "ssh" ~/Music/iTunes/* user@scramasax:~/music/iTunes-scissor:~ When I try to use either a password provided on the command-line (), in a password file (--password-file), or in the environment variable RSYNC_PASSWORD, the login still goes interactive, requiring me to type my password again. I will be moving to pre-shared keys on my network, but in situations where that is not possible, such as rsync'ing files to a webserver, being able to successfully embed the password in the script would be very helpful.

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• What is the best OS for a server hosting a simple Ruby on Rails based pastebin

  - by Koning Baard XIV

  I have created a simple pastebin in Ruby on Rails and Python. I want to host it in an intranet and it will have like about 1000 users. I want to use one Apache server with a cluster of Mongrel servers. The server itself is a 2 GHz Intel Centrino with 2 GB RAM. What do you think is the best OS to host this? I thought about Damn Small Linux or a custom LFS system. Ubuntu servers come with loads of stuff I don't need. Maybe there are some better OSes? It must be capable of: Running Apache Running Ruby Running Python Running Mongrel with Ruby on Rails SSH Can anyone reccomend me one? Thanks. PS: I am not going to run Windows Server or Mac OS X Server (Mac's are expensive).

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• How to FTP via CLI? [closed]

  - by Ryan

  So I have a Debian machine and I want to transfer data on here to a Windows based FTP account. I've managed to open up firewalling for outbound FTP on the Debian source, but have never used FTP via CLI before. Does anyone know how I can go about transferring data? I am starting to get really confused with what to transfer from where. If I ssh to the Debian machine and then connect to the Windows FTP account, then try put and get commands, it never seems to recognise the path of the source files on the Debian machine.

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• How do I set permissions structure for multiple users editing multiple sites in /var/www on Ubuntu 9

  - by Michael T. Smith

  I'm setting up an Ubuntu server that will have 3 or 4 VirtualHosts that I want users to be able to work in (add new files, edit old files, etc.). I currently plan on storing the sites in /var/www but wouldn't be opposed to moving it. I know how to add new users, I know how to add new groups. I'm unsure of the best way to handle users being only able to edit some sites. I read over the answers here in this question, so I was thinking I could setup a group and add users to that group, but then they'd all have essentially the same permissions. Am I just going to have to assign each user specific permissions? Or is there a better way of handling this? Added: I should also note, that I'll have each user login in via SSH/sFTP. The users would never need to do anything else on the server.

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• Simple web-frontend for remote svn administration?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  We run a SVN repository. Some of our more advanced users need to be able to perform some SVN administration without relying on the system administrator. They need to be able to do things like create SVN repositories, delete SVN repositories,, and perform commands like 'svnadmin dump' and 'svnadmin load'. We'd like to avoid SSH access on these FreeBSD machines, and would rather provide a service interface through a Web UI. I'm looking for a simple script (or a small number of scripts) which use Perl or PHP. I found svnadmin or svnadmin.pl, but was hoping to find something with a larger user community or which has been recommended by others. It looks like Trac allows SVN administration, but comes with may more features then we need.

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• CentOS: eth0 not starting on boot

  - by Cameron Aziz

  Whenever I reboot a CentOS Hyper-V VM, eth0 does not start automatically. All I need to do is perform ifup eth0 and all is fixed, but that isn't feasible from ssh! I am starting in runlevel 3. After I perform ifup eth0 on the console: [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:5D:2B:2B:07 inet addr:10.10.0.3 Bcast:10.10.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::215:5dff:fe2b:2b07/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:49 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4656 (4.5 KiB) TX bytes:6399 (6.2 KiB) Interrupt:9 Base address:0xa000 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=10.10.0.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=10.10.0.1 USERCTL=no ONBOOT=yes [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep network network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

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• Trying to script rsync using pam_exec

  - by Ricky-Rose

  I'm trying to write a bash script that will execute rsync when called by pam_exec. I've tried a couple different ways, and I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong. When I try to run the script at login by adding session optional pam_exec.so /usr/bin/local/sync.sh to my sshd file, it gives me an exit code of 12. if I log in and then manually run my script, it allows me to connect to the remote server, and it lists my files, but it doesn't actually sync anything. I have tried the code below using buth $USER and $PAM_USER. $PAM_USER doesn't work at all. #!/bin/sh rsync -azv -e ssh $USER@remote_server:/home/html/$USER/ /home/html/$USER

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• Issues with SSL key on CentOS

  - by yummm

  When trying to install a SSL key on my centos server, apache refuses to restart and I see the following errors in my log. [Tue Mar 16 22:32:58 2010] [error] Init: Private key not found [Tue Mar 16 22:32:58 2010] [error] SSL Library Error: 218710120 error:0D094068:asn1 encoding routines:d2i_ASN1_SET:bad tag [Tue Mar 16 22:32:58 2010] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Tue Mar 16 22:32:58 2010] [error] SSL Library Error: 218595386 error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error [Tue Mar 16 22:32:58 2010] [error] SSL Library Error: 218734605 error:0D09A00D:asn1 encoding routines:d2i_PrivateKey:ASN1 lib What exactly does this mean? Is my SSL key bad? If so, what is the correct way to upload the key to the server? I just opened the crt file in notepad and copied the data out and saved it over ssh.

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• How can I find a computer on my network that is doing mass mailings?

  - by Alex Ciarlill

  I was notified by my isp that one of my machines is sending out spam. This happened about 3 months ago on windows machine running cygwin that was hacked due to an SSH vuln. The hackers setup IIS and SMTP. I cleared out the machine and all the services are disabled so I think that machine is okay I am wondering if there is any other way to identify which machine it could be coming from? The ISP has NO useful information such as source port, destination port, destination IP... nothing. I am running DD-WRT on my router, Windows 7 PC and a Windows XP PC.

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• Are periodic full backups really necessary on an incremental backup setup?

  - by user2229980

  I intend to use an old computer I have as a remote backup server for myself and a few other people. We are all geographically separated, and the plan is to do incremental daily backups using rsync and ssh. My original idea was to make one initial full backup then never again have to deal with the overhead of doing it, and from that moment on only copy the files changed since the last backup. I've been told that this could be bad, but I fail to understand why. Since each snapshot is comprised of hard links to the unchanged files plus the original changed ones, isn't it going to be identical to a new full backup? Why would I want to make another full backup?

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• Nomachine 4 for X forwarding

  - by Yair

  I have been using nomachine nx client to connect from my mac to an ubuntu server for a while now and it has been a great experience. The most useful feature for me was the option to open up just one application on the remote machine, instead of a full remote desktop connection. I used to to open a terminal on the remote machine. Basically it was a much faster, much better replacement for ssh -X. All was great until I upgraded to the new version - nomachine 4. In this version I can not find that option. I have to run a full remote desktop session, which slows things down and is also much less convenient for my work. Was this option removed from the client? Or is it hiding somewhere in there and I just can't find it?

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• What tangible security are gained by blocking all but a few outgoing ports in a firewall

  - by Frankie Dintino

  Our current hardware firewall allows for blocking incoming and outgoing ports. We have two possibilities: Block certain troublesome ports (unsecured smtp, bittorrent, etc.) Block all but a few approved ports (http, https, ssh, imap-ssl, etc.) I see several downsides with option 2. Occasionally web servers are hosted on non-standard ports and we would have to deal with the resulting issues. Also, there is nothing preventing a malicious or unwanted service from being hosted on port 80, for instance. What are are the upsides?

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• Ubuntu displaying GDM but no login

  - by Shawn

  Ubuntu (Wubi, Lucid Lynx) boots and shows the login screen itself with the background and plays the boot sound but a list of users is never displayed. A mouse is on screen and I can move it but, alas, it does nothing. Dropping to a virtual term with CTRL+Alt+F# drops me to a cursor but I can't actually input anything. I can't boot into single-user with GRUB since it's Wubi and it never specifies a boot kernel directly in GRUB's initial menu.lst (only in files that it then reads from). Other details that may be helpful: Single monitor Same video card that's been working for months No new hardware Edit: I ssh'd in since it evidently booted up the sshd which is handy. dpkg-reconfigure gdm didn't do anything helpful. I do, however, get a "no seat-id found" when manually running it.

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