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• "ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host lost connection" when running cron job

  - by grautur

  I have a Ruby script that connects to a remote machine via ssh and executes a command. The script runs fine when I just run it in my terminal. In my crontab, I have 1 * * * * /bin/bash -l -c 'ruby myfile.rb' and if I go ahead and run /bin/bash -l -c 'ruby myfile.rb', everything executes fine. But when cron itself executes the job, I get a ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host error. What's the cause of this? How do I fix it?

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• rsync - how to set/keep directory permissions?

  - by Dylan

  I'm using CwRsync to connect from my Windows development machine to a linux webserver : rsync -avuz -e ./ssh --exclude=".svn" /cygdrive/c/xampp/htdocs/project123/ [email protected]:/home/user123/public_html This syncs my development project directory nicely and fast to the server. But after doing this, all directory properties are reset to the local user 'user123' only, so the website is not available anymore. I need to manually reset those properties. Why is this happening, and how to prevent it? PS. coming from a Windows environment I'm having a really hard time understanding rsync. I copied the above command from some examples... just need to get this one small thing working too...

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• Nagios: Which services should I monitor on different roles of servers?

  - by Itai Ganot

  I've started working in a new workplace and my first task is to build a Nagios server and configure it to monitor the servers in the network. Since I'm starting from scratch I wanted to hear from you, experienced users, which checks should I configure for each role? For example, there are some basic checks which I run on each Linux machine I monitor: SSH, Ping, Load, Current Users, Swap Usage, etc... Now my question is, which specific checks should I run for a DataBase server, for a Networking Switch, for Httpd servers? (I currently monitor how many httpd processes are running) Thanks in advance

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• setup advanced filtering and access restrictions on dd-wrt using iptables

  - by Nova deViator

  I have a linksys WRT54GL router with a DD-WRT installed and I want to setup some advanced filtering that seem to not be available through "Access restrictions" web gui option. I guess I would be using IPTABLES then. I have ssh access to router and can run iptables, but I'm not so experienced with iptables. So here are my needs: my policy would be deny all first and then allow exceptions allow all http (port 80) access to WAN through wireless allow all other traffic only to PCs with specific MAC addresses allow internet access to PC with specific MAC address according to schedule (let's say everyday between 18:00-21:00) is this possible to setup with IPtables? could somebody help me a bit with it? or should go and RTFM?

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• Why is rsync.exe [cwRsync] trying to open a port when in client mode?

  - by hemancuso

  I'm trying to use a cygwin compiled version of rsync [the cwrsync package] on Windows and in seemingly whatever configuration I test in there is a request to the user presented by Windows Firewall to allow inbound traffic. If you deny this request, everything works fine - as expected. I'm doing a vanilla push rsync.exe localpath user@remotepath:/absolutepath and it works just fine. I've also attempted this command having deleted ssh from the path and using rsync on local paths - still a firewall prompt. Why is this listen() happening and is there a way I can force the client to not attempt to listen without recompiling and maintaing a patch?

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• FreeBSD's VPN & Mac OS X IPSecuritas

  - by alexus

  I need to be able to VPN in to my FreeBSD server from my Mac using IPSecuritas. I was wondering if anyone ever done something, I'm reading VPN over IPsec but that mainly covers if you had 2 nodes with 2 public IP address. My endpoint in IPSecuritas configured with MODE_CFG enabled so it'll have the other node to query my address from it's coming from. SSH is out of question, this is not a VPN solution, people who'd end up using VPN wouldn't know what to do, so I need very simple VPN the one that you get to use almost anywhere, you have a client and you have server, client makes a connection to server and boom, you in...

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• Remote access to BIOS?

  - by j-g-faustus

  I have a home server running headless (i.e. without a monitor), using ssh for remote access. This works fine most of the time, but I still need a graphics card and still need to drag out a monitor whenever I have to access BIOS, (re-)install the OS and similar. I know that there are business servers that let you control everything remotely (over Ethernet), including power up and BIOS access. Is this type of functionality available for "prosumer" class hardware? If so, where does it sit - should I look for motherboard support, a PCI-e card or an external device? And does this type of functionality have a name, so I know what to google for?

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• Cannot Login To phpMyAdmin

  - by Zach Dziura

  I'm running a simple LAMP server at home from which I host a personal blog. The server is running Arch Linux, with the latest-and-greatest versions of Apache, MySQL, and PHP. In order to easily maintain the databases, I installed phpMyAdmin. However, I cannot login. If I were to SSH into the server and run mysql -u <user> -p <password>, no errors show up and I'm immediately placed into the MySQL prompt. No problem. However, when I try to log in with phpMyAdmin, using those exact same credentials, nothing happens. No errors, no nothing, I'm just redirected back to the login page. Did I do something wrong? Thanks in advance for any and all answers!

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• Routing Traffic on Ubuntu to give Raspberry PI Internet Access

  - by Scruffers

  I'm hoping someone can point me in the right direction for setting up my Linux (Ubuntu 12.04) box to route traffic from eth0 to wlan0. I'll try and explain the problem I am trying to solve: I currently have two separate networks: [RaspberryPi/eth0] 192.168.2.2 / 255.255.255.0 ^ | v [Ubuntu/eth0] 192.168.2.1 / 255.255.255.0 And: [Ubuntu/wlan0] 192.168.1.100 / 255.255.255.0 ^ | v [ADSL router] 192.168.1.1 / 255.255.255.0 So currently if I want to access the RaspberryPI I can SSH from the Ubuntu box to the PI. And if I want to use the Internet, I have full access from the Ubuntu box, but nothing from the RaspberryPI - the two networks are partitioned. What I would like to do is configure things so that the RaspberryPI has Internet access via the Ubuntu box and out to the Internet. I tried to create a bridge, but got the message "wlan0: operation not supported" (wireless chipset is Ralink RT3062). I'm sure giving the Raspberry PI Internet access should be easy to do in this configuration, but I am a bit lost - can someone point me in the right direction please?

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• Cannot access site via IP / hostname

  - by DaveB

  I am renting a VPS with Debian installed running JBoss AS6 for my web app. I recently had some problems with my DNS hosts as they messed up the A-records for my domain which caused some new A-records to be added by mistake The DNS problem is now sorted and the domain is working ok, however I noticed that the web server no longer responds via direct IP or hostname in a web browser (although it pings ok and I can SSH in using the hostname ok) Is there any explanation for this? I am using rinetd to forward traffic from 80 to port 8080 but thats been ok for a while Any suggestions would be appreciated Regards

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• Lost sudo/su on Amazon EC2 instance

  - by barrycarter

  I have an Amazon EC2 instance. I can login just fine, but neither "su" nor "sudo" work now (they worked fine previously): "su" requests a password, but I login using ssh keys, and I don't think the root user even has a password. "sudo <anything>" does this: sudo: /etc/sudoers is owned by uid 222, should be 0 sudo: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting I probably did "chown ec2-user /etc/sudoers" (or, more likely "chown -R ec2-user /etc" because I was sick of rsync failing), so this is my fault. How do I recover? I stopped the instance and tried the "View/Change User Data" option on the AWS EC2 console, but this didn't help. EDIT: I realize I could kill this instance and create a new one, but was hoping to avoid something that extreme.

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• Is Rsync like subversion, but for a server?

  - by johnlai2004

  I'm trying to learn how to use rsync. I want to create daily backs up of my production server. Right now I run the command rsync -azr /var/www/* [email protected]:/var/www Now let's say one day, I want to roll back the /var/www/ directory on my production server to last month's version. How do I tell rsync to retrieve version N? On reading that rsync only copies differences between src and dest, I assumed rsync works like subversion where you commit changes to a destination, and keep track of every version, and with the option to checkout any version at anytime. Is that the way rsync works? It's like subversion but for an entire server? That would be great because then it means I don't have to do full ssh copies for my nightly backups.

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• Converting an ancient RH8 system to VMware ESXi

  - by donatello

  I am curious to know what options I have to convert a very old RedHat8 machine to a virtual one on ESXi. Looking at VMware Converter it seems there's an option to login to the RH8 using SSH, and from there it will convert to the ESXi-server. That makes me a bit nervous though, exactly what is happening there? The RH8 machine is slightly critical, and if anything messes up it'll likely result in many hours extra work. :( Another option I thought of was to boot a LiveCD on RH8-system and create a raw "dd dump" of the disk. The similar method is used to restore the image, I boot a LiveCD on the VM in ESXi and use "dd" to write it to disk. Is there any other option I could use? I'm using the cheap version of ESXi, hence I have no access to the Converter BootCD so these rather cumbersome methods is the only I can think of. :)

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• Looking for a router-like web interface for my Debian gateway.

  - by marcusw

  Hey, I need a web interface program for my debian gateway which has the features of a router's one. Specifically, I must be able to easily Forward ports to various clients on the LAN or the router itself (it's also a server) Manage a DHCP server preferably including DHCP reservation for certain MACs Give me a list of the connected DHCP clients (optionally) Show which clients are the most active as far as bandwidth (something like iftop) Alternatively, it could be a graphical app which I could tunnel over ssh. No command line programs please...I'm used to doing this stuff with a point-and-click interface. Not adverse to command-line setup; just need to be able to reconfigure things graphically. Have a working LAMP setup. I've tried webmin, but it didn't satisfy the "easy" part...too many clicks and too many meny options.

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• What is a good solution for an adaptive iptables daemon?

  - by Matt

  I am running a series of web servers and already have a pretty good set of firewall rules set up, however I'm looking for something to monitor the traffic and add rules as needed. I have denyhosts monitoring for bad SSH logins, and that's great - but I'd love something I could apply to the whole machine that would help prevent bute force attacks against my web applications as well, and add rules to block IPs that display evidence of common attacks. I've seen APF, but it looks as though it hasn't been updated in several years. Is it still in use and would it be good for this? Also, what other solutions are out there that would manipulate iptables to behave in some adaptive fashion? I'm running Ubuntu Linux, if that helps.

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• wildcard in httpd conf file?

  - by Joe

  Here is an example httpd config I'm currently using: <VirtualHost 123.123.123.123:80> ServerName mysite.com ServerAlias www.mysite.com DocumentRoot /home/folder </VirtualHost> I'm wondering, is it possible to have a wildcard for the ServerName & ServerAlias variable? Reason for asking is I have some software that is shared among multiple URL's all controlled in a CMS and it's kind of a pain to add new domains via ssh everytimee. And before someone points out a security hole, the software does check the current URL before doing any webpages :)

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• How to connect with MySQL server if it won't connect via the socket?

  - by cwd

  I have an account on a shared server. I have jailshell access and also PhpMyAdmin. I want to run mysql commands via SSH but I'm getting an error: $ mysql -u mySqlUser -p mySqlPw Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' I can connect with PHP and phpMyAdmin, so would it be possible to call mysql from the shell and have it connect via an ip and port instead of the socket? The file /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock does not exist - maybe that is intentional, and the only thing in /etc/my.cnf is [mysqld] skip-innodb More Info I don't have access to change system settings. I did a search in /var for mysql.sock but found nothing. However, phpMyAdmin might be connecting via a socket somehow: Really it would just be great if I could connect via IP. Also tried these two syntaxes: $ mysql -u mySqlUser -p mySqlPw -h localhost $ mysql -u mySqlUser -p mySqlPw -h localhost -P 3306 Both with the same result: ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

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• How To Create An FTP User That Has Permission To EVERYTHING

  - by Serg

  I've spent the last two hours trying to create an FTP user so I can transfer some files over to my Wordpress blog folder. /var/www/sergiotapia.me I'm using vsftpd and Ubuntu 12.04 for my FTP server and I've read tons of documentation, none of which seem to work. I still cannot log in with the FTP user, let alone test if I even have the read/write file permissions. Can a Linux guru here, help me out with a small step by step? I'm comfortable with the terminal and nano, so that's not an issue - I'll SSH into my box. Just tell me what to do and what commands to run. Specifically, this user needs to have read and write access to the /var/ folder and anything within it. I want to have 1 user that can do whatever the heck he wants on my Ubuntu 12.04 VPS machine.

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• Help me upgrade my pf.conf for OpenBSD 4.7

  - by polemon

  I'm planning on upgrading my OpenBSD to 4.7 (from 4.6) and as you may or may not know, they changed the syntax for pf.conf. This is the relevant portion from the upgrade guide: pf(4) NAT syntax change As described in more detail in this mailing list post, PF's separate nat/rdr/binat (translation) rules have been replaced with actions on regular match/filter rules. Simple rulesets may be converted like this: nat on $ext_if from 10/8 -> ($ext_if) rdr on $ext_if to ($ext_if) -> 1.2.3.4 becomes match out on $ext_if from 10/8 nat-to ($ext_if) match in on $ext_if to ($ext_if) rdr-to 1.2.3.4 and... binat on $ext_if from $web_serv_int to any -> $web_serv_ext becomes match on $ext_if from $web_serv_int to any binat-to $web_serv_ext nat-anchor and/or rdr-anchor lines, e.g. for relayd(8), ftp-proxy(8) and tftp-proxy(8), are no longer used and should be removed from pf.conf(5), leaving only the anchor lines. Translation rules relating to these and spamd(8) will need to be adjusted as appropriate. N.B.: Previously, translation rules had "stop at first match" behaviour, with binat being evaluated first, followed by nat/rdr depending on direction of the packet. Now the filter rules are subject to the usual "last match" behaviour, so care must be taken with rule ordering when converting. pf(4) route-to/reply-to syntax change The route-to, reply-to, dup-to and fastroute options in pf.conf move to filteropts; pass in on $ext_if route-to (em1 192.168.1.1) from 10.1.1.1 pass in on $ext_if reply-to (em1 192.168.1.1) to 10.1.1.1 becomes pass in on $ext_if from 10.1.1.1 route-to (em1 192.168.1.1) pass in on $ext_if to 10.1.1.1 reply-to (em1 192.168.1.1) Now, this is my current pf.conf: # $OpenBSD: pf.conf,v 1.38 2009/02/23 01:18:36 deraadt Exp $ # # See pf.conf(5) for syntax and examples; this sample ruleset uses # require-order to permit mixing of NAT/RDR and filter rules. # Remember to set net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 and/or net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1 # in /etc/sysctl.conf if packets are to be forwarded between interfaces. ext_if="pppoe0" int_if="nfe0" int_net="192.168.0.0/24" polemon="192.168.0.10" poletopw="192.168.0.12" segatop="192.168.0.20" table <leechers> persist set loginterface $ext_if set skip on lo match on $ext_if all scrub (no-df max-mss 1440) altq on $ext_if priq bandwidth 950Kb queue {q_pri, q_hi, q_std, q_low} queue q_pri priority 15 queue q_hi priority 10 queue q_std priority 7 priq(default) queue q_low priority 0 nat-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" rdr-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" nat on $ext_if from !($ext_if) -> ($ext_if) rdr pass on $int_if proto tcp to port ftp -> 127.0.0.1 port 8021 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2080 -> $segatop port 80 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2022 -> $segatop port 22 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 4000 -> $polemon port 4000 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 6600 -> $polemon port 6600 anchor "ftp-proxy/*" block pass on $int_if queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass out on $ext_if queue(q_std, q_pri) pass out on $ext_if proto icmp queue q_pri pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} to any port ssh queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} to any port http queue(q_std, q_pri) #pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} all queue(q_low, q_hi) pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} from <leechers> queue(q_low, q_std) pass in on $ext_if proto tcp to ($ext_if) port ident queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass in on $ext_if proto tcp to ($ext_if) port ssh queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass in on $ext_if proto tcp to ($ext_if) port http queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass in on $ext_if inet proto icmp all icmp-type echoreq queue q_pri If someone has experience with porting the 4.6 pf.conf to 4.7, please help me do the correct changes. OK, this is how far I've got: I commented out nat-anchor and rdr-anchor, as describted in the guide: #nat-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" #rdr-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" And this is how I've "converted" the rdr rules: #nat on $ext_if from !($ext_if) -> ($ext_if) match out on $ext_if from !($ext_if) nat-to ($ext_if) #rdr pass on $int_if proto tcp to port ftp -> 127.0.0.1 port 8021 match in on $int_if proto tcp to port ftp rdr-to 127.0.0.1 port 8021 #rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2080 -> $segatop port 80 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 2080 rdr-to $segatop port 80 #rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2022 -> $segatop port 22 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 2022 rdr-to $segatop port 22 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 4000 -> $polemon port 4000 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 4000 rdr-to $polemon port 4000 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 6600 -> $polemon port 6600 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 6600 rdr-to $polemon port 6600 Did I miss anything? Is the anchor for ftp-proxy OK as it is now? Do I need to change something in the other pass in on... lines?

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• Can a named (bind) crash make a server unreachable?

  - by giorgio79

  My server recently became unreachable, and after restart a named error was the last line I found in /var/log/messages before restart: Jun 26 00:15:06 host named[1303]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'dlv.isc.org/DNSKEY/IN': 2001:500:71::29#53 Jun 26 06:38:55 host kernel: imklog 5.8.10, log source = /proc/kmsg started. Jun 26 06:38:55 host rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.10" x-pid="1294" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start Jun 26 06:38:55 host kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Can a named crash make a server unreachable? I doubt it, as I assume I should still be able to login with ssh via IP, but the server did not respond...So, I am trying to make heavy guesses here.

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• How switch between screen inside screen?

  - by André Andrade

  I have to work inside two environment. One Windows (local) and one Linux (remote). I've installed the screen linux utility in both. I'm able to open a screen on my windows, then in one tab, I opened a ssh connection to the linux remote and I start another screen. Sample linux -- |0 linux remote 0| 1 linux remote 1 windows-- |0 linux | 9 windows I can switch between "linux remote 0" and "linux remote 1" using Atl+. This is configured in .screenrc (bindkey "^[0" select 0) How could I switch to "9 windows"?

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• How to force rsync to use destination directory as root

  - by thepurplepixel

  I have a simple script to one-way-sync files/folders within a directory: #!/bin/bash HOST='<hostname>' USER='<username>' DIR='/downloads/' SOURCE='/srv/torrents' rsync -e "ssh -l $USER" --remove-source-files -h -4 -r --stats --progress -i $SOURCE $HOST:$DIR find $SOURCE -type d -empty -prune -exec rmdir -p \{\} \; However, when this rsync operation runs, it creates a folder, torrents in /downloads on the destination machine. How can I force rsync to put all folders & files from /srv/torrents (remote) into /downloads/ (local) instead of creating /downloads/torrents as a separate directory?

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• Logging upload attempt with proftpd

  - by Amit Sonnenschein

  I have a logging server that i use with external hardware, the idea is that a special hardware is uploading logs about it's operation every few hours and from the server i can do whatever i need to do with the information, the old server was getting a bit too old and i've moved to a new one, i've install lamp,proftpd and ssh (just the same as i had on the old server). now for some reason the logs are not being uploaded and i don't know why. the hardware uses a direct ftp access - i've the proftpd.log and saw that the connection is not being rejected (just to make sure i didn't make a mistake with the user/pass) my problem is that for some reason the upload itself is failing... it might be due to wrong path (as it's hard coded in the hardware) but i can't really know as proftpd wont give me any details.. i've tried to change the loglevel to "debug" thinking it would give me more information but i don't see any change... is there any other way i can make sure proftpd logs EVERTHING ?

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• Using Credentials with network scanners

  - by grossmae

  I'm testing out both Tenable's Nessus scanner as well as eEye's Retina for scanning network devices. I am trying to supply credentials to get deeper, more accurate results, however there seems to be no difference in the results whether I supply the credentials or not. I've read the documentation and it seems like I've tried all the logical settings in the Credential options. I've submit along with usernames and passwords for many different accounts and types of accounts (both SSH Credentials and Web Application Credentials) on the devices as well as their respective domain names (when applicable). Is there possibly a good test for either (or both) scanners to tell where these credentials are being provided (if at all) and if any of them are successfully getting authentication?

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• OpenVPN client on Amazon EC2

  - by Matt Culbreth

  I have an account with an OpenVPN service, and I'd like to get that running on my EC2 instance running Ubuntu 12.04. I have my config file in /etc/openvpn, and it connects fine when I run sudo openvpn --config matt.ovpn. However, I then lose connectivity to the EC2 machine, and I can't SSH back to it until I reboot. Previously I have done things like sudo ip rule add from IP_ADDRESS table 10 and then sudo ip route add default via GATEWAY_IP table 10, but that's not working on EC2. Any ideas? My private IP address right now is 10.209.29.XXX and my gateway is 10.209.29.1.

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