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• How switch between screen inside screen?

  - by André Andrade

  I have to work inside two environment. One Windows (local) and one Linux (remote). I've installed the screen linux utility in both. I'm able to open a screen on my windows, then in one tab, I opened a ssh connection to the linux remote and I start another screen. Sample linux -- |0 linux remote 0| 1 linux remote 1 windows-- |0 linux | 9 windows I can switch between "linux remote 0" and "linux remote 1" using Atl+. This is configured in .screenrc (bindkey "^[0" select 0) How could I switch to "9 windows"?

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• apache url / filename with special characters

  - by Mario Delgado

  I have this url: http://domain.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Hvilke-vilkår-følger-med-når-du-bestiller-nyt-bredbånd.png If I ftp/ssh or just browse to that folder (apache index feature), I see the file Hvilke-vilkår-følger-med-når-du-bestiller-nyt-bredbånd.png If I click on the link from the apache index, I can see the file, however, if I copy the URL and try to browse to it directly, I get the error: The requested URL /wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Hvilke-vilkÃ¥r-følger-med-nÃ¥r-du-bestiller-nyt-bredbÃ¥nd.png was not found on this server. Also my error log says: File does not exist: /wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Hvilke-vilk\xc3\xa5r-f\xc3\xb8lger-med-n\xc3\xa5r-du-bestiller-nyt-bredb\xc3\xa5nd.png

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• Determine which version of linux/unix/darwin I have

  - by John

  I have root ssh/terminal access to a linux server. How do I determine which version of centos I have? Some people suggested I run the command cat /etc/redhat-release but I got an error saying file not found. In fact, i'm not entirely sure i'm even using CentOS. That's what some suggested it might be. Here's a list of commands I tried that gave me no file or directory error: cat /etc/*release* cat /etc/*version* cat /proc/*version* cat /proc/*release* Here's a list of linux commands that do not exist: lsb_release: command not found wget: command not found yum: command not found

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• virtualbox and nginx server_name

  - by Ivan

  I'm trying to configure gitlab running in an Ubuntu 12.04 guest with Windows7 host. I can ssh the guest using port-forwarding and access the nginx server using port redirection (8888 in host is 80 in guest, so localhost:8888 in host gets to the nginx server in the guest), but the server_name in nginx configuration file is giving me trouble. What is the correct listen and server_name that nginx would accept? The guest has the NAT interface at 10.0.2.15 and Host-Only interface at 192.168.56.101, static. Thanks!

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• Is there a way to sort my windows within a screen session?

  - by jv1975

  I use screen and have ssh sessions open to a number of different machines from within my screen session. I'd like to keep them in order, for obvious reasons. Often I'll have to connect to a new machine which alphabetically/numerically should fit in between two existing windows. I can't find any way to reorder the windows other than with the "number" command, which swaps my current window with that at the number I specified. So adding a new window to the 15 I already have and then sticking it at position 2, while keeping all the other windows in order as well is cumbersome, to say the least, requiring swaps for all windows past #2. Is there anyway to sort the windows alphabetically? Or a way to "shift" all windows after a certain point up one spot? Or any other suggestions to insert a new window at an arbitrary point while still maintaining the order of all other windows? Thanks!

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• Choosing a Linux distribution

  - by Luke Puplett

  Dangerous territory with this question so please try to be impartial and instead focus on what to look for when choosing a Linux distribution. I'm completely new to Linux. I thought it'd never happen but I need to have a Linux box to play with and I have a spare fanless Atom PC (32-bit only). I'll be using the machine as a non-commercial hobby server, the trouble is, I don't even know how to compare Linux distributions and why people pick one over another. If anything, I want to have an easy install from USB stick. My question is: what do you look for when choosing a (free?) Linux distribution for a server? If you can, please explain what sorts of things actually differ between one and another without saying which you think is better, just the facts. The way I see it, Linux as a server is just an SSH console and I find it hard to imagine what could be different between one and another.

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• Understanding connection tracking in iptables

  - by Matt

  I'm after some clarification of the state/connection tracking in iptables. What is the difference between these rules? iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT Is connection tracking turned on when a packet is first matched containing -m state --state BLA , or is connection tracking always on? Can/Should connection state be used for fast matching like below? e.g. suppose this is some sort of router/firewall (no nat). # Default DROP policy iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop invalid iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept established,related connections iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh through, track connection iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --syn --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

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• SFTP through proxy

  - by aerodynamic_props

  I have a large amount of data on scratch space at computer b that I want to get. In my network I cannot directly connect to computer b (ssh exits with "No route to host"); I must first connect to computer a, and then connect to computer b. I cannot move the data from the scratch space on computer b to computer a because of a disk quota that is imposed on me at computer a. How can I move the data from computer b to my computer in this situation?

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• Set custom mount point and mount options for USB stick

  - by kayahr

  Hello, I have an USB stick which contains private stuff like the SSH key. I want to mount this stick to my own home directory with 0700 permissions. Currently I do this with this line in /etc/fstab: LABEL=KAYSTICK /home/k/.kaystick auto rw,user,noauto,umask=077,fmask=177 0 0 This works great but there is one minor problem: In Nautilus (The Gnome file manager) the mount point ".kaystick" is displayed. I guess Nautilus simply scans the /etc/fstab file and displays everything it finds there. This mount point is pretty useless because it can't be clicked when the device is not present and it can't be clicked when the device is present (Because then it is already mounted). I know this is a really minor problem because I could simply ignore it but I'm a perfectionist and so I want to get rid of this useless mount point in Nautilus. Is there another way to customize the mount point and mount options for a specific USB device? Maybe it can be configured in udev? If yes, how?

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• What is a good solution for an adaptive iptables daemon?

  - by Matt

  I am running a series of web servers and already have a pretty good set of firewall rules set up, however I'm looking for something to monitor the traffic and add rules as needed. I have denyhosts monitoring for bad SSH logins, and that's great - but I'd love something I could apply to the whole machine that would help prevent bute force attacks against my web applications as well, and add rules to block IPs that display evidence of common attacks. I've seen APF, but it looks as though it hasn't been updated in several years. Is it still in use and would it be good for this? Also, what other solutions are out there that would manipulate iptables to behave in some adaptive fashion? I'm running Ubuntu Linux, if that helps.

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• apache httpd cannot browse through browser

  - by nuttynibbles

  i've setup apache and php on a virtual machine. everything works fine in the virtual machine. im able to execute php files and run up phpmyadmin connecting to mysql. on my host machine, im able ping and ssh into the remote machines. however, im unable to browse the php files on the host browser using the ip address. in my httpd.conf, im listening to port 80. i enabled the ServerName 192.168.75.102:80 am i missing some settings? port settings maybe?

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• file copy error from system to cifs mount

  - by dwpriest

  When coping a file greater than 64kB from an Ubuntu server to a CIFS mounted windows share, most of the data is copied, but it seems the last chunk doesn't get copied. The size doesn't match, and the md5 check sums don't match. I have plenty of file space, but then I use cp, I get the following... cp: closing `cloudBackup/asdf.txt': No space left on device Using rsync, I get the following... rsync: close failed on "/home/fluffy/cloudBackup/.asdf.txt.qrBWe6": No space left on device (28) rsync error: error in file IO (code 11) at receiver.c(752) [receiver=3.0.8] rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (29 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(601) [sender=3.0.8] I have full read/write permissions on the mounted share. I can copy via SSH just fine. Any ideas? Thank you

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• private subnet nat (openvpn / racoon)

  - by Jonas Schnelli

  I have a openvpn subnet 10.8.0.0/24 running one server and one client (laptop). openvpn works fine. Browsing the web over openvpn from the laptop works also fine. Now on the server there is a private subnet with 10.7.8.128/28. The subnet is set up with racoon (IPSEC s2s vpn). The s2s vpn allows me to access the subnet 10.3.5.0/24 at the other s2s vpn end. Works all fine when I'm connected with ssh to my server. From my laptop i can ping 10.7.8.129 (the servers ipsec local ip) but i cannot reach the net 10.3.5.0/24. I tried to add a static route on my laptop 10.3.5.0/24 over gw 10.7.8.129 with no success. Any ideas how i do setup the nat / routing? Thanks

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• Rsync : execute permission required

  - by user651488

  I'm using rsync between two servers to transfer files. The problem is some files are not transferred. I get this error : rsync: readlink "/var/www/index.html" failed: Permission denied (13) So I check permissions on the server and after make tests, I notice a file is transferred only if it has these permissions : R-W ! If the file have these permissions : R--, Rsync can't download it !? Command: /usr/bin/rsync -avzr -e "/usr/bin/ssh -i /home/replication/thishost-rsync-key" [email protected]:/var/www/index.html ./ Is it a bug with Rsync ? I find any information about this problem. Thanks for your help Debian Etch 2.6.30 Rsync 2.6.9 protocol version 29

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• Why are my log in times taking so long in Linux?

  - by Jamie

  In recent weeks, login times on my Ubuntu server have started timing out; both through SSH and the local command line console. Examination of the /var/auth.log yields nothing interesting. How can I diagnose long log in times on my Ubuntu server? I should mention, also, that no updates have been performed since the problem has started, and that the /, /boot/ and /usr/ file systems are mounted as readonly. [Edit] This is a stand alone machine, so it doesn't authenticate with Active Directory, LDAP etc. Also, the login prompt is responsive, as is the password prompt. Upon typing the password then CR, I'll timeout. After four a five tries, I will be able to login, although I'm worried this will start taking longer.

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• Successful su for user by root in /var/log/auth.log

  - by grs

  I have this sorts of entries in my /var/log/auth.log: Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1521]: Successful su for user1 by root Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1654]: Successful su for user2 by root Apr 3 12:32:24 machine_name su[1772]: Successful su for user3 by root Situation: All users are real accounts in /etc/passwd; None of the users has its own crontab; All of those users are logged in the machine some time ago via SSH or No Machine - time varies from few minutes to few hours; no cron jobs are scheduled to run at that time, anacron is removed; I can see similar entries for other days and other times. The common part is the users are logged in when it appears. It does not appear during login, but some time afterwards. This machine has similar setup with few others but it is the only one where I see these entries. What causes them? Thanks

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• Start Daemonised GNU Screen from script a allow calling script to end

  - by tez

  I have a script on an embedded device that calls screen to start if a user logs in via a ssh session... #!/bin/sh SCREENRUNNING=`pgrep SCREEN` if [ -z "$SCREENRUNNING" ]; then echo "Screen not running so let's start the Master session sleep 2 screen -dmS Master sleep 2 screen -x root/Master else echo "Screen is already running let's connect to existing session" sleep 2 screen -x root/Master fi However this keeps the calling script active till the screen session exits,even if it's detached. What I want to do is have the calling script finish and exit while the screen session stays active. I've tried daemonising the screen -x lines and adding an & to the end of the screen -x lines neither of which work properly. Ideas?

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• Using Credentials with network scanners

  - by grossmae

  I'm testing out both Tenable's Nessus scanner as well as eEye's Retina for scanning network devices. I am trying to supply credentials to get deeper, more accurate results, however there seems to be no difference in the results whether I supply the credentials or not. I've read the documentation and it seems like I've tried all the logical settings in the Credential options. I've submit along with usernames and passwords for many different accounts and types of accounts (both SSH Credentials and Web Application Credentials) on the devices as well as their respective domain names (when applicable). Is there possibly a good test for either (or both) scanners to tell where these credentials are being provided (if at all) and if any of them are successfully getting authentication?

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• Remote X-windows between new RHEL5 and old Solaris 8

  - by joshxdr

  I have a very small lab network with three boxes: a modern x86-based RHEL3 box, an x86-based RHEL5 box, and a 1998-vintage SPARC Ultra5 with Solaris 8. I can use ssh -X to run a program on the RHEL5 box and view the windows on the RHEL3 box. I believe this uses xauth and magic cookies?? I have followed the X-Windows HOWTO to set up xauth on the Solaris box, but so far no dice. I would like to be able to use the X-windows server on the RHEL3 box with a client program on the Solaris box (program running on Solaris host, windows appearing at Linux host). Is there a trick to this, or have I made a mistake following the instructions for setting up xauth and magic cookie?

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• Converting an ancient RH8 system to VMware ESXi

  - by donatello

  I am curious to know what options I have to convert a very old RedHat8 machine to a virtual one on ESXi. Looking at VMware Converter it seems there's an option to login to the RH8 using SSH, and from there it will convert to the ESXi-server. That makes me a bit nervous though, exactly what is happening there? The RH8 machine is slightly critical, and if anything messes up it'll likely result in many hours extra work. :( Another option I thought of was to boot a LiveCD on RH8-system and create a raw "dd dump" of the disk. The similar method is used to restore the image, I boot a LiveCD on the VM in ESXi and use "dd" to write it to disk. Is there any other option I could use? I'm using the cheap version of ESXi, hence I have no access to the Converter BootCD so these rather cumbersome methods is the only I can think of. :)

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• linux: selective sudo access for a particular command

  - by bguiz

  Hi, Is it possible to grant a particular user sudo access for one particular command only? Thanks -- More info: We farm out lengthy optimisation runs to each other's boxes over ssh. These runs take hours, sometimes days. The shutdown command can only be run in sudo. Being conscious of my environmental footprint, I would like to give the initiator(s) of these runs sudo access to the shutdown command on my box, without sudo access for everything else - so that they may shutdown my machine when they no longer need it. I am aware that I can schedule a shutdown before I leave my box, but I am looking for a better solution.

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• OpenVPN (HideMyAss) client on Ubuntu: Route only HTTP traffic

  - by Andersmith

  I want to use HideMyAss VPN (hidemyass.com) on Ubuntu Linux to route only HTTP (ports 80 & 443) traffic to the HideMyAss VPN server, and leave all the other traffic (MySQL, SSH, etc.) alone. I'm running Ubuntu on AWS EC2 instances. The problem is that when I try and run the default HMA script, I suddenly can't SSH into the Ubuntu instance anymore and have to reboot it from the AWS console. I suspect the Ubuntu instance will also have trouble connecting to the RDS MySQL database, but haven't confirmed it. HMA uses OpenVPN like this: sudo openvpn client.cfg The client configuration file (client.cfg) looks like this: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client auth-user-pass #management-query-passwords #management-hold # Disable management port for debugging port issues #management 127.0.0.1 13010 ping 5 ping-exit 30 # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. #;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. proto tcp ;proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. # All VPN Servers are added at the very end ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. # We order the hosts according to number of connections. # So no need to randomize the list # remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nobody # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca ./keys/ca.crt cert ./keys/hmauser.crt key ./keys/hmauser.key # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ;ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. #comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 # Detect proxy auto matically #auto-proxy # Need this for Vista connection issue route-metric 1 # Get rid of the cached password warning #auth-nocache #show-net-up #dhcp-renew #dhcp-release #route-delay 0 120 # added to prevent MITM attack ns-cert-type server # # Remote servers added dynamically by the master server # DO NOT CHANGE below this line # remote-random remote 173.242.116.200 443 # 0 remote 38.121.77.74 443 # 0 # etc... remote 67.23.177.5 443 # 0 remote 46.19.136.130 443 # 0 remote 173.254.207.2 443 # 0 # END

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• Private Git repo using Smart HTTP with LDAP authentification

  - by ALOToverflow

  I've been crawling the interwebz and getting my hands dirty for the last few days, but I can't seem to make it all work together. I managed to get a HTTP repo working with Ubuntu 10.04 over Smart HTTP (pull and push over HTTP) for a single repo. This means that I do the initial setup over SSH to the server (git init --bare) and after that the clients can pull and push to it (git clone http://servername/allgitrepos/repo.git). Unfortunately it's impossible to add a new repo without SSHing to the server and adding it manually) i.e. git push http://servername/allgitrepos/repo2.git (allgitrepos is available for everyone to read-write and execute) would fail talking about git update-server-info (which seems to be a general error message). So far the repository is anonymous, so I would like to authenticate using LDAP and also use the LDAP creds to make the git commit. So, how can I push new repos to the server and how can I use the LDAP creds to make the git commit. Thanks

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• OS X server VPN local ip

  - by gbrandt

  Hi all, I have 10.6.2 server on the internet. I want to vpn into it to get access. I start VPN and it gives me an address in the range I have set 192.168.2.100-192.168.2.105. However the server itself does not have a local ip of 192.168.2.x so I cannot ping it or ssh into it or anything. The machine VPNing gets an ifconfig entry that looks like this: ppp0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1280 inet 192.168.2.100 --> 70.72.xxx.xxx netmask 0xffffff00 Where I think it should get: ppp0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1280 inet 192.168.2.100 --> 192.168.2.1 netmask 0xffffff00 I can't find anywhere to set the local vpn IP address. And I can't find a pptpd.conf file either. Any help is appreciated.

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• Is Rsync like subversion, but for a server?

  - by johnlai2004

  I'm trying to learn how to use rsync. I want to create daily backs up of my production server. Right now I run the command rsync -azr /var/www/* [email protected]:/var/www Now let's say one day, I want to roll back the /var/www/ directory on my production server to last month's version. How do I tell rsync to retrieve version N? On reading that rsync only copies differences between src and dest, I assumed rsync works like subversion where you commit changes to a destination, and keep track of every version, and with the option to checkout any version at anytime. Is that the way rsync works? It's like subversion but for an entire server? That would be great because then it means I don't have to do full ssh copies for my nightly backups.

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