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  • Prioritize compiler functionality/tasks, when designing a new language

    - by Mahdi
    Well, the question should be so hard to ask and I expect couple of down votes, however, I'm really interested to have your ideas and recommendations. :) I've already made a very simple compiler, with a few and limited functionality. Now I'm getting more on it to make it more like a real-world compiler. I definitely need to start over 'cause I've much more experience and ideas in this area rather a few years ago. So, I want to know, right now, from the very first step again, which tasks/features for the new compiler should implement first and which tasks has lower priority rather than others? For example, I'd say, first I'd go to decide about the object-oriented structure for the new language, but you might say, hey, just go for a compiler that could define a variable, when you finished that, then start thinking about OOP designs ... I prefer to hear the pros and cons for your suggestions also. Actually I like to start from Bottom to Top, where I could add simplest tasks first, and later adding more complex ones, but I'm totally open for any new ideas, and really appreciate that. Also please consider that I'm thinking about the design concepts. Actually I expect answers like: Priority from Highest to Lowest: variables, because .... functions, because .... loops, because .... ... Not: define a syntax for your new language, and start parsing your source code ...

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  • How is intermediate data organized in MapReduce?

    - by Pedro Cattori
    From what I understand, each mapper outputs an intermediate file. The intermediate data (data contained in each intermediate file) is then sorted by key. Then, a reducer is assigned a key by the master. The reducer reads from the intermediate file containing the key and then calls reduce using the data it has read. But in detail, how is the intermediate data organized? Can a data corresponding to a key be held in multiple intermediate files? What happens when there is too much data corresponding to one key to be held by a single file? In short, how do intermediate partitions differ from intermediate files and how are these differences dealt with in the implementation?

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  • Designing spawning system

    - by Vlad
    I played this game recently http://www.kongregate.com/games/JuicyBeast/knightmare-tower and I am amazed by the way how different monsters are beign spawned. I personally developed my own shooter game and I added time based but also count based spawing system. By count based I mean when there are 5 enemies on stage stop spawning. But this is one example. My question is how are these spawning mechanism built, is there some pattern or some theory how they are built? Are there some online materials/pages where I can improve my knowledge? To sumarize, let just say we have 6 types of monsters. I start the game and kill of monsters of type 1,2 and 3 all the time. Once I pass the first ceiling, like in the game above, monster type 4 appear. ANd so on. As I progress trough the game, the same system of 6 types of monsters stay, but they become more and more resilient and dangerous. So I must also improve to be able to destroy the same monsters but now stronger. My question is simple, are there some theories built or written for developing this type of inteligent systems? Note: This is a general question, not tied up with some game or how exactly should the game work. I am capable to program my own mechanisms but I think I need some help. Thanks.

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  • Single or multiple return statements in a function [on hold]

    - by Juan Carlos Coto
    When writing a function that can have several different return values, particularly when different branches of code return different values, what is the cleanest or sanest way of returning? Please note the following are really contrived examples meant only to illustrate different styles. Example 1: Single return def my_function(): if some_condition: return_value = 1 elif another_condition: return_value = 2 else: return_value = 3 return return_value Example 2: Multiple returns def my_function(): if some_condition: return 1 elif another_condition: return 2 else: return 3 The second example seems simpler and is perhaps more readable. The first one, however, might describe the overall logic a bit better (the conditions affect the assignment of the value, not whether it's returned or not). Is the second way preferable to the first? Why?

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  • Are two database trips reasonable for a login system?

    - by Randolph Potter
    I am designing a login system for a project, and have an issue about it requiring two trips to the database when a user logs in. User types in username and password Database is polled and password hash is retrieved for comparative purposes (first trip) Code tests hash against entered password (and salt), and if verified, resets the session ID New session ID and username are sent back to the database to write a row to the login table, and generate a login ID for that session. EDIT: I am using a random salt. Does this design make sense? Am I missing something? Is my concern about two trips unfounded? Comments and suggestions are welcome.

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  • Enterprise VS Regular corporate developer

    - by Rick Ratayczak
    Ok, I "almost" lost a job offer because I "didn't have enough experience as an enterprise software engineer". I've been a programmer for over 16 years, and the last 12-14 professionally, at companies big and small. So this made me think of this question: What's the difference between a software engineer and an enterprise software engineer? Is there really a difference between software architecture and enterprise architecture? BTW: I try to do what every other GOOD software programmer does, like architecture, tdd, SDLC, etc.

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  • At $20/month Windows Azure host my website with 99.97% uptime

    - by Gopinath
    Couple of years ago a reliable and decent performing Windows hosting was not affordable to many enthusiastic developers who want to try a startup idea or build a hobby site. I tried to start an ASP.NET website few years ago to provide services like – Mobile Tracing, Vehicle Tracing. But due to high cost of Windows hosting I developed those services using PHP (not an easy task for .NET developer) and hosted on them Linux servers.  But with recent evolution of Windows Azure, hosting ASP.NET websites on highly reliable servers is affordable. Today anyone can host a high responsive and available ASP.NET website for just $20/month using Windows Azure. My website coziie.com is running on Windows Azure and serves close to quarter millions visitors a month with 99.97% of uptime and most of the page load times are less than 3 seconds. All I spend to run this website is just around $20, if you translate it to India rupees its roughly Rs.1000. The web sever of coziie.com is powered by a single Extra Small Web role instance and the backend is powered by a SQL Azure instance. Azure is quite impressive to provide 99.97% of uptime. Response times during peak are around 3 seconds and on nomarl loads it is around 1.5 seconds. Here is the report of uptime provided by Royal Pingdom over last one year For just $20/month Windows Azure takes care of the following apart from hosting Patches up Windows OS to the latest version Upgrades ASP.NET to the latest version – coziie.com is running on ASP.NET MVC 3 and soon I’ll upgrade it to ASP.NET MVC 4 Hosts data on latest and best version Sql Server database SQL Azure maintains 3 copies of database and automatically recovers in case of server failures and disasters. I never worry about database backups/restore. Provides staging environment for deploying applications for testing purpose and move them to production – I upgrade  twice a month on average With Windows Azure I no longer focus on server maintenance or data backups. They are taken up by Microsoft team and I just focus on building my website. Wish there is a low cost Linux version of Windows Azure so that I can stop worrying about server maintenance of this blog!! If you are looking for a Windows hosting, look no further than Windows Azure. If you find $20/month is a bit expensive to start with you may explore Azure Website (sort of shared hosted environment) which is free to start with and as your traffic grows you can move to paid hosting.

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  • Which is preferable? To know jQuery well, or to know JavaScript well? [closed]

    - by Marwan
    I'm quite familiar with using jQuery, but I've come to feel like a bit of a dummy using it, as my knowledge of JavaScript itself is rather poor. So I'm considering abandoning jQuery and spending time working in straight JS... perhaps even creating my own framework as a learning experience. Does this make sense though? Is there any real point to obtaining more than a passing knowledge of JavaScript when jQuery allows me to accomplish so much, so quickly?

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  • Does my JavaScript look big in this?

    - by benhowdle89
    As programmers, you have certain curtains to hide behind with your code. With PHP all of your code is server side preprocessed, so this never see's the light of day as far as the user is concerned. If you have maybe rushed through some code for a deadline, as long as it functions correctly then the user never needs to know how many expletives you've inserted into the comments. However with more and more applications being written for the web, with a desktop feel implemented by AJAX and popular frameworks like jQuery being banded around to every Tom, Dick and Harry, how can a programmer maintain some dignity and hide his/her JavaScript code without it being flaunted like dirty laundry when the users hit Right Click-View Source or Inspect Element. Are there any ways to hide JavaScript application logic/code?

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  • Control Media via Arduino

    - by Ohad
    I want to create an application that controls the volume, play next\last, stop\play and things like this (I don't know what they called) like in a keyboard. I have tried to find how to do this with Python\Java but I couldn't find how. The main idea is (if some-one knows what is arduino) to connect it to my PC (Ubuntu) and to get from it signals that gives me values and with this values to be able to change the volume and to do next song\video. Thanks to any one who help :)

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  • Where can I find game postmortems with a programmer perspective [on hold]

    - by Ken
    There are a number of interesting game post-mortems in places like GDC vault or gamastura.com. The post-mortems are generally give with a CEO/manager perspective or a designer perspective, or, more often a combination of both e.g DOOM postmortem But I have not been able to find many post-mortems which are primarily from the programmers perspective. I'm looking for discussions and rational for technical choices and tradeoffs and how technical problems were overcome. The motivation here is to learn what kind of problems real game programmers encounter and how they go about solving them. A perfect example of what I'm looking for is Renaud Bédard's excellent GDC talk on the development of Fez, "Cubes all the way down". Where can I find more like that?

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  • How do references work in R?

    - by djechlin
    I'm finding R confusing because it has such a different notion of reference than I am used to in languages like C, Java, Javascript... Ruby, Python, C++, well, pretty much any language I have ever programmed in ever. So one thing I've noticed is variable names are not irrelevant when passing them to something else. The reference can be part of the data. e.g. per this tutorial a <- factor(c("A","A","B","A","B","B","C","A","C")) results <- table(a) Leads to $a showing up as an attribute as $dimnames$a. We've also witnessed that calling a function like a <- foo(alpha=1, beta=2) can create attributes in a of names alpha and beta, or it can assign or otherwise compute on 1 and 2 to properties already existing. (Not that there's a computer science distinction here - it just doesn't really happen in something like Javascript, unless you want to emulate it by passing in the object and use key=value there.) Functions like names(...) return lvalues that will affect the input of them. And the one that most got me is this. x <- c(3, 5, 1, 10, 12, 6) y = x[x <= 5] x[y] <- 0 is different from x <- c(3, 5, 1, 10, 12, 6) x[x <= 5] <- 0 Color me confused. Is there a consistent theory for what's going on here?

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  • How to process large files in NetLogo? [closed]

    - by user65597
    I am running into problems in NetLogo with large *.csv / *.txt files. The documents can consist of about 1 million data sets and I need to read them (to eventually create a diagram based on the data). With the most straightforward source code, my program needs about 2 minutes to process these files. How should I approach reading such large data files faster in NetLogo? Is NetLogo even suitable for such tasks (as it seems to be designed more for teaching and learning)?

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  • Java Applet Tower Defence Game needs tweeking

    - by Ephiras
    Hello :) i have made a tower defence Game for my computer science class as one of my major projects, but have encountered some rather fatal roadblocks. here they are creating a menu screen (class Menu) that can set the total number of enimies, the max number of towers, starting money and the map. i tried creating a constructor in my Main class that sets all the values to whatever the Menu class passes in. I want the Menu screen to close after a difficulty has been selected and the main class to begin. Another problem i would really like some help with is instead of having to write entire arrays i would like to create a small segment of code that runs through an entire picture and sets up an array based on that pixels color.this way i can have multiple levels just dragged into a level folder and have the program read through them. users can even create their own. so a 1 if its yellow, a two if blue and a 3 if purple, then everything else = 0; you can download all the classes and code uif you'd like here sorry about having to redirect you but i wasn't sure how to efficently add a code spoiler. help is greatly appreciated

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  • Languages like Tcl that have configurable syntax?

    - by boost
    I'm looking for a language that will let me do what I could do with Clipper years ago, and which I can do with Tcl, namely add functionality in a way other than just adding functions. For example in Clipper/(x)Harbour there are commands #command, #translate, #xcommand and #xtranslate that allow things like this: #xcommand REPEAT; => DO WHILE .T. #xcommand UNTIL <cond>; => IF (<cond>); ;EXIT; ;ENDIF; ;ENDDO LOCAL n := 1 REPEAT n := n + 1 UNTIL n > 100 Similarly, in Tcl I'm doing proc process_range {_for_ project _from_ dat1 _to_ dat2 _by_ slice} { set fromDate [clock scan $dat1] set toDate [clock scan $dat2] if {$slice eq "day"} then {set incrementor [expr 24 * 60]} if {$slice eq "hour"} then {set incrementor 60} set method DateRange puts "Scanning from [clock format $fromDate -format "%c"] to [clock format $toDate -format "%c"] by $slice" for {set dateCursor $fromDate} {$dateCursor <= $toDate} {set dateCursor [clock add $dateCursor $incrementor minutes]} { # ... } } process_range for "client" from "2013-10-18 00:00" to "2013-10-20 23:59" by day Are there any other languages that permit this kind of, almost COBOL-esque, syntax modification? If you're wondering why I'm asking, it's for setting up stuff so that others with a not-as-geeky-as-I-am skillset can declare processing tasks.

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  • Sorting objects before rendering

    - by dreta
    I'm trying to implement a scene graph and in all the articles i've come across there is talk about object sorting. So you'd sort your objects by "material" for example. Now untill i sat down and started implementing it, i kind of took this for granted, because it made sense. But now i'm wondering what does sorting actually change? In my engine, i have a manager for UBOs, i use those to store data that'll be shared between programs, at the moment that only involves time, camera and projection matrices and lights (i'm not worrying about managing which lights affect which objects ATM). Now for each model i have to change the model to world matrix uniform, no sorting is going to change that. So is the jump from changing this matrix to also setting a material for each object that bad? I vaguely remember reading somewhere that each time you change something in the pipeline, it has to get flushed and that can cause performance issues. But for each drawing call i'm setting up a model to world matrix anyway, so what sense does it make to ever be concerned about this? BTW is there any information about whether changing a uniform and calling glBufferSubData is more (or less) expensive.

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  • how difficult to add vibration/feedback to a open source driving game

    - by Jonathan Day
    Hi, I'm looking to use SuperTuxKart as a basis for a PhD research project. A key requirement for the game is to provide vibration feedback through the controller (obviously dependant on the controller itself). I don't believe that the game currently includes this feature and I'm trying to get a feel for how big a challenge it would be to add. My background is as a J2EE and PHP developer/architect, so I don't know C++ as such, but am prepared to give it a crack if there are resources and guides to assist, and it's not a herculean task. Alternatively, if you know of any open source games that do include vibration feedback, please feel free to let me know! Preferably the game would be of the style that the player had to navigate a character (or character's vehicle) over a repeatable course/map. TIA, JD

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  • Should I use AND or should I use OR

    - by BDotA
    An order can be in the "status" of Completed, Corrected or some other stratus. I saw some code that is checking it like this, the purpose is to disable some stuff when the status is in Completed or Corrected status. if (model.CurrentStatus != DSRHelper.OrderStatusEnum.Complete && model.CurrentStatus != DSRHelper.OrderStatusEnum.Corrected) I can't get it why the engineer has used "AND" for this, shouldn't it be an "OR"?

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  • Maximum Length Of IP Address: 15 (IPv4) & 39(IPv6)

    - by Gopinath
    Problem You are designing a database table for a web application that requires to store IP address of users who visits the site. The IP address is required to be stored a character data in the table. To define size of the character column you need to know maximum length of IP address. So, what is the maximum length of an IP address? Solution The IPv4 version of IP address is in the following format 255.255.255.255 To store IPv4 address we require 15 characters. The IPv6 version of IP address is grouped into sets of 4 hex digits separated by colons, like the below 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 To store IPv6 address you require a 39 characters long column. Conclusion As IPv4 and IPv6 are the commonly use protocols, you better define a column with 39 characters length so that both the format address are saved in to the table without any issues. This article titled,Maximum Length Of IP Address: 15 (IPv4) & 39(IPv6), was originally published at Tech Dreams. Grab our rss feed or fan us on Facebook to get updates from us.

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  • How Does The Maybe Monad Relate To The Option Type?

    - by Onorio Catenacci
    I was doing a presentation on F# and was discussing the Option type when someone in the audience asked me if the Option type is F#'s implementation of the maybe monad. I know that's not the case but I did want to ask how the two concepts are related. I mean it seems to me that an option type might be the result of the operation of a maybe monad but I'm not even sure of that. Would someone elucidate the relationship between the maybe monad and the option type in those functional languages which support it?

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  • Why Nodes.js being that "unique"?

    - by Adrian Shum
    Recently years there are lots of praise to Nodes.js. I am not a developer that have much exposure on network application. From my bare understanding of Nodes.js, its strength is: We are having only on thread handling multiple connections, providing a event-based architecture. However, for example in Java, what if I am having only one thread, using NIO/AIO (which is non-blocking APIs from my bare understanding), and handle multiple connections using that thread, and I provide an event-based architecture to implement the data handling logic (shouldn't be that difficult by providing some callback etc) ? Given JVM being a even more mature VM than V8 (I expect it run faster too), and event-based handling architecture seems not something difficult to create. I am not sure why Nodes.js is attracting so much attention. Did I miss some important points?

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  • What problems can arise from emulating concepts from another languages?

    - by Vandell
    I've read many times on the web that if your language doesn't support some concept, for example, object orientation, or maybe function calls, and it's considered a good practice in this other context, you should do it. The only problem I can see now is that other programmers may find your code too different than the usual, making it hard for them to program. What other problems do you think may arise from this?

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  • what's the difference between Routed Events and Attached Events?

    - by vverma01
    I tried to find through various sources but still unable to understand difference between routed events and attached events in WPF. Most of the places of reference for attached event following example is used: <StackPanel Button.Click="StackPanel_Click"> <Button Content="Click Me!" Height="35" Width="150" Margin="5" /> </StackPanel> Explained as: stack panel do not contain Click event and hence Button.Click event is attached to Stack Panel. Where as msdn says: You can also name any event from any object that is accessible through the default namespace by using a typename.event partially qualified name; this syntax supports attaching handlers for routed events where the handler is intended to handle events routing from child elements, but the parent element does not also have that event in its members table. This syntax resembles an attached event syntax, but the event here is not a true attached event. Instead, you are referencing an event with a qualified name. According to MSDN information as pasted above, the above example of Buttons and StackPanel is actually a routed event example and not true attached event example. In case if above example is truly about usage of attached event (Button.Click="StackPanel_Click") then it's in contradiction to the information as provided at MSDN which says Another syntax usage that resembles typename.eventname attached event syntax but is not strictly speaking an attached event usage is when you attach handlers for routed events that are raised by child elements. You attach the handlers to a common parent, to take advantage of event routing, even though the common parent might not have the relevant routed event as a member. A similar question was raised in this Stack Overflow post, but unfortunately this question was closed before it could collect any response. Please help me to understand how attached events are different from routed events and also clarify the ambiguity as pointed above.

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  • "Imprinting" as a language feature?

    - by MKO
    Idea I had this idea for a language feature that I think would be useful, does anyone know of a language that implements something like this? The idea is that besides inheritance a class can also use something called "imprinting" (for lack of better term). A class can imprint one or several (non-abstract) classes. When a class imprints another class it gets all it's properties and all it's methods. It's like the class storing an instance of the imprinted class and redirecting it's methods/properties to it. A class that imprints another class therefore by definition also implements all it's interfaces and it's abstract class. So what's the point? Well, inheritance and polymorphism is hard to get right. Often composition gives far more flexibility. Multiple inheritance offers a slew of different problems without much benefits (IMO). I often write adapter classes (in C#) by implementing some interface and passing along the actual methods/properties to an encapsulated object. The downside to that approach is that if the interface changes the class breaks. You also you have to put in a lot of code that does nothing but pass things along to the encapsulated object. A classic example is that you have some class that implements IEnumerable or IList and contains an internal class it uses. With this technique things would be much easier Example (c#) [imprint List<Person> as peopleList] public class People : PersonBase { public void SomeMethod() { DoSomething(this.Count); //Count is from List } } //Now People can be treated as an List<Person> People people = new People(); foreach(Person person in people) { ... } peopleList is an alias/variablename (of your choice)used internally to alias the instance but can be skipped if not needed. One thing that's useful is to override an imprinted method, that could be achieved with the ordinary override syntax public override void Add(Person person) { DoSomething(); personList.Add(person); } note that the above is functional equivalent (and could be rewritten by the compiler) to: public class People : PersonBase , IList<Person> { private List<Person> personList = new List<Person>(); public override void Add(object obj) { this.personList.Add(obj) } public override int IndexOf(object obj) { return personList.IndexOf(obj) } //etc etc for each signature in the interface } only if IList changes your class will break. IList won't change but an interface that you, someone in your team, or a thirdparty has designed might just change. Also this saves you writing a whole lot of code for some interfaces/abstract classes. Caveats There's a couple of gotchas. First we, syntax must be added to call the imprinted classes's constructors from the imprinting class constructor. Also, what happends if a class imprints two classes which have the same method? In that case the compiler would detect it and force the class to define an override of that method (where you could chose if you wanted to call either imprinted class or both) So what do you think, would it be useful, any caveats? It seems it would be pretty straightforward to implement something like that in the C# language but I might be missing something :) Sidenote - Why is this different from multiple inheritance Ok, so some people have asked about this. Why is this different from multiple inheritance and why not multiple inheritance. In C# methods are either virtual or not. Say that we have ClassB who inherits from ClassA. ClassA has the methods MethodA and MethodB. ClassB overrides MethodA but not MethodB. Now say that MethodB has a call to MethodA. if MethodA is virtual it will call the implementation that ClassB has, if not it will use the base class, ClassA's MethodA and you'll end up wondering why your class doesn't work as it should. By the terminology sofar you might already confused. So what happens if ClassB inherits both from ClassA and another ClassC. I bet both programmers and compilers will be scratching their heads. The benefit of this approach IMO is that the imprinting classes are totally encapsulated and need not be designed with multiple inheritance in mind. You can basically imprint anything.

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  • Techniques for separating game model from presentation

    - by liortal
    I am creating a simple 2D game using XNA. The elements that make up the game world are what i refer to as the "model". For instance, in a board game, i would have a GameBoard class that stores information about the board. This information could be things such as: Location Size Details about cells on the board (occupied/not occupied) etc This object should either know how to draw itself, or describe how to draw itself to some other entity (renderer) in order to be displayed. I believe that since the board only contains the data+logic for things regarding it or cells on it, it should not provide the logic of how to draw things (separation of concerns). How can i achieve a good partitioning and easily allow some other entity to draw it properly? My motivations for doing so are: Allow multiple "implementations" of presentation for a single game entity Easier porting to other environments where the presentation code is not available (for example - porting my code to Unity or other game technology that does not rely on XNA).

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