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• Downloading RSS using python

  - by Vojtech R.

  Hi, I have list of 200 rss feeds, which I have to downloading. It's continuous process - I have to download every post, nothing can be missing, but also no duplicates. So best practice should be remember last update of feed and control it for change in x-hour interval? And how to handle if downloader will be restarted? So downloader should remember, what were downloaded and dont download it again... It's somewhere implemented yet? Or any tips for article? Thanks

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• Web-based game in Python + Django and client browser polling

  - by ty

  I am creating a text-based game that implements a basic model in which multiple (10+) players interact with data and one moderator watches them and sets certain environmental statistics that affect gameplay. Recently I have begun to familiarize myself with Django. It seems to me that it would be an excellent tool for creating a game quickly, particularly because the nature of my game depends largely on sets of data (which lends itself quite well to a database). I am wondering how to "push" changes made by the game moderator to the players (for example, the moderator can decide to display an image to all players). The game is turn-based, not real-time, but certain messages need to be pushed out in roughly real-time. My thoughts: I could have each player's browser poll a status periodically (say, every 30 seconds) to see if there is a message from a moderator. But this forces a lag and means different players might receive it at different times. And reducing this interval to <10 seems like a bad idea for the server. Is there a better way to inform clients of changes? Would you suggest something other than using a web framework like Django? Thanks!

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• python urllib2 thread safety

  - by jldupont

  Is urllib2 thread safe? I find that using urllib2.urlopen sometimes results in the thread issuing the call to stop functioning. Yes I have used the timeout option to no avail. Is there a thread safe HTTP GET functionality I could use? NOTE: I am not interested in using Twisted to solve this problem. I have used Twisted in the past and I love it but this time I need a simpler solution. NOTE2: I also tried httplib with the same result (blocking).

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• In python: how to apply itertools.product to elements of a list of lists

  - by Guilherme Rocha

  I have a list of arrays and I would like to get the cartesian product of the elements in the arrays. I will use an example to make this more concrete... itertools.product seems to do the trick but I am stuck in a little detail. arrays = [(-1,+1), (-2,+2), (-3,+3)]; If I do cp = list(itertools.product(arrays)); I get cp = cp0 = [((-1, 1),), ((-2, 2),), ((-3, 3),)] But what I want to get is cp1 = [(-1,-2,-3), (-1,-2,+3), (-1,+2,-3), (-1,+2,+3), ..., (+1,+2,-3), (+1,+2,+3)]. I have tried a few different things: cp = list(itertools.product(itertools.islice(arrays, len(arrays)))); cp = list(itertools.product(iter(arrays, len(arrays)))); They all gave me cp0 instead of cp1. Any ideas? Thanks in advance.

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• unevenly centered subplots in matplotlib in Python?

  - by user248237

  I am plotting a simple pair of subplots in matplotlib that are for some reason unevenly centered. I plot them as follows: plt.figure() # first subplot s1 = plt.subplot(2, 1, 1) plt.bar([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]) # second subplot s2 = plt.subplot(2, 1, 2) plt.pcolor(rand(5,5)) # add colorbar plt.colorbar() # square axes axes_square(s1) axes_square(s2) where axes_square is simply: def axes_square(plot_handle): plot_handle.axes.set_aspect(1/plot_handle.axes.get_data_ratio()) The plot I get is attached. The top and bottom plots are unevenly centered. I'd like their yaxis to be aligned and their boxes to be aligned. If I remove the plt.colorbar() call, the plots become centered. How can I have the plots centered while the colorbar of pcolor is still shown? I want the axes to be centered and have the colorbar be outside of that alignment, either to the left or to the right of the pcolor matrix. image of plots link thanks.

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• Python Mechanize select a form with no name

  - by mvid

  I am attempting to have mechanize select a form from a page, but the form in question has no "name" attribute in the html. What should I do? when I try to use br.select_form(name = "") i get errors that no form is declared with that name, and the function requires a name input. There is only one form on the page, is there some other way I can select that form?

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• Sorting objects in Python

  - by Curious2learn

  I want to sort objects using by one of their attributes. As of now, I am doing it in the following way USpeople.sort(key=lambda person: person.utility[chosenCar],reverse=True) This works fine, but I have read that using operator.attrgetter() might be a faster way to achieve this sort. First, is this correct? Assuming that it is correct, how do I use operator.attrgetter() to achieve this sort? I tried, keyFunc=operator.attrgetter('utility[chosenCar]') USpeople.sort(key=keyFunc,reverse=True) However, I get an error saying that there is no attribute 'utility[chosenCar]'. The problem is that the attribute by which I want to sort is in a dictionary. For example, the utility attribute is in the following form: utility={chosenCar:25000,anotherCar:24000,yetAnotherCar:24500} I want to sort by the utility of the chosenCar using operator.attrgetter(). How could I do this? Thanks in advance.

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• Python: OSX Library for fast full screen jpg/png display

  - by Parand

  Frustrated by lack of a simple ACDSee equivalent for OS X, I'm looking to hack one up for myself. I'm looking for a gui library that accommodates: Full screen image display High quality image fit-to-screen (for display) Low memory usage Fast display Reasonable learning curve (the simpler the better) Looks like there are several choices, so which is the best? Here are some I've run across: PyOpenGL PyGame PyQT wxpython I don't have any particular experience with any of these, nor any strong desire to become an expert - I'm looking for the simplest solution. What do you recommend? [Update] For those not familiar with ACDSee, here's what it does that I care about: Simple list/thubmnail display of images in a directory Sort by name/size/type Ability to view images full screen Single-key delete while viewing full screen Move to next/previous image while viewing full screen Ability to select a group of images for: move to / copy to directory delete resize ACDSee has a bunch of niceties as well, such as remembering directories you've moved images to in the past, remembering your resize settings, displaying the total size of the images you've selected, etc. I've tried most of the options I could find (including Xee) and none of them quite get there. Please keep in mind that this is a programming/library question, not a criticism of any of the existing tools.

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• python: sorting

  - by nabizan

  hi im doing a loop so i could get dict of data, but since its a dict it's sorting alphabetical and not as i push it trought the loop ... is it possible to somehow turn off alphabetical sorting? here is how do i do that data = {} for item in container: data[item] = {} ... for key, val in item_container.iteritems(): ... data[item][key] = val whitch give me something like this data = { A : { K1 : V1, K2 : V2, K3 : V3 }, B : { K1 : V1, K2 : V2, K3 : V3 }, C : { K1 : V1, K2 : V2, K3 : V3 } } and i want it to be as i was going throught the loop, e.g. data = { B : {K2 : V2, K3 : V3, K1 : V1}, A : {K1 : V1, K2 : V2, K3 : V3}, C : {K3 : V3, K1 : V1, K2 : V2} }

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• What Great Python Web Developers Ought To Know?

  - by Anry

  What should know the Entry Level, Mid-level, Senior Developer? Theoretical knowledge, development tools, frameworks, languages (Ruby, Java and etc.) and more. What issues are usually at the interview?

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• Python Expand Tabs Length Calculation

  - by Mithrill

  I'm confused by how the length of a string is calculated when expandtabs is used. I thought expandtabs replaces tabs with the appropriate number of spaces (with the default number of spaces per tab being 8). However, when I ran the commands using strings of varying lengths and varying numbers of tabs, the length calculation was different than I thought it would be (i.e., each tab didn't always result in the string length being increased by 8 for each instance of "/t"). Below is a detailed script output with comments explaining what I thought should be the result of the command executed above. Would someone please explain the how the length is calculated when expand tabs is used? IDLE 2.6.5 >>> s = '\t' >>> print len(s) 1 >>> #the length of the string without expandtabs was one (1 tab counted as a single space), as expected. >>> print len(s.expandtabs()) 8 >>> #the length of the string with expandtabs was eight (1 tab counted as eight spaces). >>> s = '\t\t' >>> print len(s) 2 >>> #the length of the string without expandtabs was 2 (2 tabs, each counted as a single space). >>> print len(s.expandtabs()) 16 >>> #the length of the string with expandtabs was 16 (2 tabs counted as 8 spaces each). >>> s = 'abc\tabc' >>> print len(s) 7 >>> #the length of the string without expandtabs was seven (6 characters and 1 tab counted as a single space). >>> print len(s.expandtabs()) 11 >>> #the length of the string with expandtabs was NOT 14 (6 characters and one 8 space tabs). >>> s = 'abc\tabc\tabc' >>> print len(s) 11 >>> #the length of the string without expandtabs was 11 (9 characters and 2 tabs counted as a single space). >>> print len(s.expandtabs()) 19 >>> #the length of the string with expandtabs was NOT 25 (9 characters and two 8 space tabs). >>>

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• python regular expression for domain names

  - by user230911

  I am trying use the following regression to extract domain name from a text, but it just produce nothing, what's wrong with it? I don't know if this is suitable to ask this "fix code" question, maybe I should read more. I just want to save some time. Thanks pat_url = re.compile(r''' (?:https?://)* (?:[\w]+[\-\w]+[.])* (?P<domain>[\w\-]*[\w.](com|net)([.](cn|jp|us))*[/]*) ''') print re.findall(pat_url,"http://www.google.com/abcde") I want the output to be google.com

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• what is this code mean in python,

  - by zjm1126

  def a(): print 'sss' print getattr(a, "_decorated_function", a).__name__ it print : a thanks

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• python duration of a file object in an argument list

  - by msw

  In the pickle module documentation there is a snippet of example code: reader = pickle.load(open('save.p', 'rb')) which upon first read looked like it would allocate a system file descriptor, read its contents and then "leak" the open descriptor for there isn't any handle accessible to call close() upon. This got me wondering if there was any hidden magic that takes care of this case. Diving into the source, I found in Modules/_fileio.c that file descriptors are closed by the fileio_dealloc() destructor which led to the real question. What is the duration of the file object returned by the example code above? After that statement executes does the object indeed become unreferenced and therefore will the fd be subject to a real close(2) call at some future garbage collection sweep? If so, is the example line good practice, or should one not count on the fd being released thus risking kernel per-process descriptor table exhaustion?

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• Python - How to pickle yourself?

  - by Mark

  I want my class to implement Save and Load functions which simply do a pickle of the class. But apparently you cannot use 'self' in the fashion below. How can you do this? self = cPickle.load(f) cPickle.dump(self,f,2)

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• Python: How efficient is subtring extraction?

  - by Cameron

  I've got the entire contents of a text file (at least a few KB) in string myStr. Will the following code create a copy of the string (less the first character) in memory? myStr = myStr[1:] I'm hoping it just refers to a different location in the same internal buffer. If not, is there a more efficient way to do this? Thanks!

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• Simplest way to handle and display errors in a Python Pylons controller without a helper class

  - by ensnare

  I have a class User() that throw exceptions when attributes are incorrectly set. I am currently passing the exceptions from the models through the controller to the templates by essentially catching exceptions two times for each variable. Is this a correct way of doing it? Is there a better (but still simple) way? I prefer not to use any third party error or form handlers due to the extensive database queries we already have in place in our classes. Furthermore, how can I "stop" the chain of processing in the class if one of the values is invalid? Is there like a "break" syntax or something? Thanks. >>> u = User() >>> u.name = 'Jason Mendez' >>> u.password = '1234' Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "topic/model/user.py", line 79, in password return self._password ValueError: Your password must be greater than 6 characters In my controller "register," I have: class RegisterController(BaseController): def index(self): if request.POST: c.errors = {} u = User() try: u.name = c.name = request.POST['name'] except ValueError, error: c.errors['name'] = error try: u.email = c.email = request.POST['email'] except ValueError, error: c.errors['email'] = error try: u.password = c.password = request.POST['password'] except ValueError, error: c.errors['password'] = error try: u.commit() except ValueError, error: pass return render('/register.mako')

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• Xml comparison in Python

  - by Gregg Lind

  Building on another SO question, how can one check whether two well-formed XML snippets are semantically equal. All I need is "equal" or not, since I'm using this for unit tests. In the system I want, these would be equal (note the order of 'start' and 'end'): <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='yes'?> <Stats start="1275955200" end="1276041599"> </Stats> # Reodered start and end <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='yes'?> <Stats end="1276041599" start="1275955200" > </Stats> I have lmxl and other tools at my disposal, and a simple function that only allows reordering of attributes would work fine as well!

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• Passing list and dictionary type parameter with Python

  - by prosseek

  When I run this code def func(x, y, *w, **z): print x print y if w: print w if z: print z else: print "None" func(10,20, 1,2,3,{'k':'a'}) I get the result as follows. 10 20 (1, 2, 3, {'k': 'a'}) None But, I expected as follows, I mean the list parameters (1,2,3) matching *w, and dictionary matching **z. 10 20 (1,2,3) {'k':'a'} Q : What went wrong? How can I pass the list and dictionary as parameters? Added func(10,20, 10,20,30, k='a') seems to be working

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• Python key word arguments

  - by pythonic metaphor

  I have several layers of function calls, passing around a common dictionary of key word arguments: def func1(**qwargs): func2(**qwargs) func3(**qwargs) I would like to supply some default arguments in some of the subsequent function calls, something like this: def func1(**qwargs): func2(arg = qwargs.get("arg", default), **qwargs) func3(**qwargs) The problem with this approach is that if arg is inside qwargs, a TypeError is raised with "got multiple values for keyword argument". I don't want to set qwargs["arg"] to default, because then func3 gets this argument without warrant. I could make a copy.copy of the qwargs and set "arg" in the copy, but qwargs could have large data structures in it and I don't want to copy them (maybe copy.copy wouldn't, only copy.deepcopy?). What's the pythonic thing to do here?

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• Accessing Class Variables from a List in a nice way in Python

  - by Dennis

  Suppose I have a list X = [a, b, c] where a, b, c are instances of the same class C. Now, all these instances a,b,c, have a variable called v, a.v, b.v, c.v ... I simply want a list Y = [a.v, b.v, c.v] Is there a nice command to do this? The best way I can think of is: Y = [] for i in X Y.append(i.v) But it doesn't seem very elegant ~ since this needs to be repeated for any given "v" Any suggestions? I couldn't figure out a way to use "map" to do this.

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• Fast iterating over first n items of an iterable in python

  - by martinthenext

  Hello! I'm looking for a pythonic way of iterating over first n items of a list, and it's quite important to do this as fast as possible. This is how I do it now: count = 0 for item in iterable: do_somethin(item) count += 1 if count >= n: break Doesn't seem neat to me. Another way of doing this is: for item in itertools.islice(iterable, n): do_something(item) This looks good, the question is it fast enough to use with some generator(s)? For example: pair_generator = lambda iterable: itertools.izip(*[iter(iterable)]*2) for item in itertools.islice(pair_generator(iterable), n): so_something(item) Will it run fast enough as compared to the first method? Is there some easier way to do it?

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• Copy whole SQL Server database into JSON from Python

  - by Oli

  I facing an atypical conversion problem. About a decade ago I coded up a large site in ASP. Over the years this turned into ASP.NET but kept the same database. I've just re-done the site in Django and I've copied all the core data but before I cancel my account with the host, I need to make sure I've got a long-term backup of the data so if it turns out I'm missing something, I can copy it from a local copy. To complicate matters, I no longer have Windows. I moved to Ubuntu on all my machines some time back. I could ask the host to send me a backup but having no access to a machine with MSSQL, I wouldn't be able to use that if I needed to. So I'm looking for something that does: db = {} for table in database: db[table.name] = [row for row in table] And then I could serialize db off somewhere for later consumption... But how do I do the table iteration? Is there an easier way to do all of this? Can MSSQL do a cross-platform SQLDump (inc data)? For previous MSSQL I've used pymssql but I don't know how to iterate the tables and copy rows (ideally with column headers so I can tell what the data is). I'm not looking for much code but I need a poke in the right direction.

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• python object AttributeError: type object 'Track' has no attribute 'title'

  - by ccwhite1

  I apologize if this is a noob question, but I can't seem to figure this one out. I have defined an object that defines a music track (NOTE: originally had the just ATTRIBUTE vs self.ATTRIBUTE. I edited those values in to help remove confusion. They had no affect on the problem) class Track(object): def __init__(self, title, artist, album, source, dest): """ Model of the Track Object Contains the followign attributes: 'Title', 'Artist', 'Album', 'Source', 'Dest' """ self.atrTitle = title self.atrArtist = artist self.atrAlbum = album self.atrSource = source self.atrDest = dest I use ObjectListView to create a list of tracks in a specific directory ....other code.... self.aTrack = [Track(sTitle,sArtist,sAlbum,sSource, sDestDir)] self.TrackOlv.AddObjects(self.aTrack) ....other code.... Now I want to iterate the list and print out a single value of each item list = self.TrackOlv.GetObjects() for item in list: print item.atrTitle This fails with the error AttributeError: type object 'Track' has no attribute 'atrTitle' What really confuses me is if I highlight a single item in the Object List View display and use the following code, it will correctly print out the single value for the highlighted item list = self.TrackOlv.GetSelectedObject() print list.atrTitle

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• How to read a string one letter at a time in python

  - by dan

  I need to convert a string inputed by a user into morse code. The way our professor wants us to do this is to read from a morseCode.txt file, seperate the letters from the morseCode into two lists, then convert each letter to morse code (inserting a new line when there is a space). I have the beginning. What it does is reads the morseCode.txt file and seperates the letters into a list [A, B, ... Z] and the codes into a list ['– – . . – –\n', '. – . – . –\n'...]. We haven't learned "sets" yet, so I can't use that. How would I then take the string that they inputed, go through letter by letter, and convert it to morse code? I'm a bit caught up. Here's what I have right now (not much at all...) morseCodeFile = open('morseCode.txt', 'r') letterList = [] codeList = [] line = morseCodeFile.readline() while line != '': letterList.append(line[0]) codeList.append(line[2:]) line = morseCodeFile.readline() morseCodeFile.close() userInput = input("Enter a string to be converted to morse code or press <enter> to quit ")

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