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  • SQL SERVER – 3 Challenges for DBA and Smart Solutions

    - by Pinal Dave
    Developer’s life is never easy. DBA’s life is even crazier. DBA’s Life When a developer wakes up in the morning, most of the time have no idea what different challenges they are going to face that day. Of course, most of the developers know the project and roadmap, which they are working on. However, developers have no clue what coding challenges which they are going face for that day. DBA’s life is even crazier. When DBA wakes up in the morning – they often thank that they were not disturbed during the night due to server issues. The very next thing they wish is that they do not want to challenge which they can’t solve for that day. The problems DBA face every single day are mostly unpredictable and they just have to solve them as they come during the day. Though the life of DBA is not always bad. There are always ways and methods how one can overcome various challenges. Let us see three of the challenges and how a DBA can use various tools to overcome them. Challenge #1 Synchronize Data Across Server A Very common challenge DBA receive is that they have to synchronize the data across the servers. If you try to manually write that up, it may take forever to accomplish the task. It is nearly impossible to do the same with the help of the T-SQL. However, thankfully there are tools like dbForge Studio which can save a day and synchronize data across servers. Read my detailed blog post about the same over here: SQL SERVER – Synchronize Data Exclusively with T-SQL. Challenge #2 SQL Report Builder DBA’s are often asked to build reports on the go. It really annoys DBA’s, but hardly people care about it. No matter how busy a DBA is, they are just called upon to build reports on things on very short notice. I personally like to avoid any task which is given to me accidently and personally building report can be boring. I rather spend time with High Availability, disaster recovery, performance tuning rather than building report. I use SQL third party tool when I have to work with SQL Report. Others have extended reporting capabilities. The latter group of products includes the SQL report builder built-in todbForge Studio for SQL Server. I have blogged about this earlier over here: SQL SERVER – SQL Report Builder in dbForge Studio for SQL Server. Challenge #3 Work with the OTHER Database The manager does not understand that MySQL is different from SQL Server and SQL Server is different from Oracle. For them everything is same. In my career hundreds of times I have faced a situation that I am given a database to manage or do some task when their regular DBA is on vacation or leave. When I try to explain I do not understand the underlying the technology, I have been usually told that my manager has trust on me and I can do anything. Honestly, I can’t but I hardly dare to argue. I fall back on the third party tool to manage database when it is not in my comfort zone. For example, I was once given MySQL performance tuning task (at that time I did not know MySQL so well). To simplify search for a problem query let us use MySQL Profiler in dbForge Studio for MySQL. It provides such commands as a Query Profiling Mode and Generate Execution Plan. Here is the blog post discussing about the same: MySQL – Profiler : A Simple and Convenient Tool for Profiling SQL Queries. Well, that’s it! There were many different such occasions when I have been saved by the tool. May be some other day I will write part 2 of this blog post. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: MySQL, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Utility, T SQL Tagged: Devart, SQL Tool

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  • What is wrong with my PHP/MySQL code?

    - by James
    I am building a navigation menu which lists all my categories and subcategories. The problem is it returns only one of these and not all. I have the categories echoed inside the while loop so I'm not sure why it's only showing one result and not all: <?php $query = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories_parent"); while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)) { $id = $row['id']; $name = $row['name']; $slug = $row['slug']; $childStatus = $row['child_status']; // if has child categories if ($childStatus == "1") { echo "<li class='dir'><a href='category.php?slug=$slug'>$name</a>"; echo "<ul id='dropdown'>"; $query = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories_child WHERE parent=$id"); while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)) { $id = $row['id']; $name = $row['name']; $slug = $row['slug']; echo "<li><a href='category.php?slug=$slug'>$name</a></li>"; } echo "</ul>"; echo "</li>"; } // if singular parent else { echo "<li><a href='category.php?slug=$slug'>$name</a></li>"; } } ?> My database tables: -- -- Table structure for table `categories_child` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `categories_child` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, `slug` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, `parent` int(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=139 ; -- -- Dumping data for table `categories_child` -- INSERT INTO `categories_child` (`id`, `name`, `slug`, `parent`) VALUES (138, 'Britney Spears', 'category/celiberties/britney-spears/', 137), (136, 'Tigers', 'category/animals/tigers/', 136), (137, 'Horses', 'category/animals/horses/', 136), (135, 'Lions', 'category/animals/lions/', 136); -- -- Table structure for table `categories_parent` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `categories_parent` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, `slug` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, `child_status` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=139 ; -- -- Dumping data for table `categories_parent` -- INSERT INTO `categories_parent` (`id`, `name`, `slug`, `child_status`) VALUES (137, 'Celiberties', 'category/celiberties/', 1), (138, 'TV Shows', 'category/tv-shows/', 0), (136, 'Animals', 'category/animals/', 1);

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  • Is this possible to join tables in doctrine ORM without using relations?

    - by piemesons
    Suppose there are two tables. Table X-- Columns: id x_value Table Y-- Columns: id x_id y_value Now I dont want to define relationship in doctrine classes and i want to retrieve some records using these two tables using a query like this: Select x_value from x, y where y.id="variable_z" and x.id=y.x_id; I m not able to figure out how to write query like this in doctrine orm EDIT: Table structures: Table 1: CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `image` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `random_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `community_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `published` varchar(1) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=259 ; Table 2: CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `users` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `city` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `state` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `school` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=20 ; Query I am using: $q = new Doctrine_RawSql(); $q ->select('{u.*}, {img.*}') ->from('users u LEFT JOIN image img ON u.id = img.user_id') ->addComponent('u', 'Users u') ->addComponent('img', 'u.Image img') ->where("img.community_id='$community_id' AND img.published='y' AND u.state='$state' AND u.city='$city ->orderBy('img.id DESC') ->limit($count+12) ->execute(); Error I am getting: Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Doctrine_Exception' with message 'Couldn't find class u' in C:\xampp\htdocs\fanyer\doctrine\lib\Doctrine\Table.php:290 Stack trace: #0 C:\xampp\htdocs\fanyer\doctrine\lib\Doctrine\Table.php(240): Doctrine_Table- >initDefinition() #1 C:\xampp\htdocs\fanyer\doctrine\lib\Doctrine\Connection.php(1127): Doctrine_Table->__construct('u', Object(Doctrine_Connection_Mysql), true) #2 C:\xampp\htdocs\fanyer\doctrine\lib\Doctrine\RawSql.php(425): Doctrine_Connection- >getTable('u') #3 C:\xampp\htdocs\fanyer\doctrine\models\Image.php(33): Doctrine_RawSql- >addComponent('img', 'u.Image imga') #4 C:\xampp\htdocs\fanyer\community_images.php(31): Image->get_community_images_gallery_filter(4, 0, 'AL', 'ALBERTVILLE') #5 {main} thrown in C:\xampp\htdocs\fanyer\doctrine\lib\Doctrine\Table.php on line 290

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  • fetch_all or fetch_assoc MySQLi statement

    - by all-R
    Hi, is it possible to use the fetch_all(), fetch_assoc() etc. from the the MySQLi_Result class with a prepared statement from the MySQLi_STMT class? I've done it using the query() method in the Mysqli class (and by escaping trough mysqli_real_escape_string()), but not using statements with binding parameters. I'm considering using PDO thanks!

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  • Query Months help

    - by StealthRT
    Hey all i am in need of some helpful tips/advice on how to go about my problem. I have a database that houses a "signup" table. The date for this table is formated as such: 2010-04-03 00:00:00 Now suppose i have 10 records in this database: 2010-04-03 00:00:00 2010-01-01 00:00:00 2010-06-22 00:00:00 2010-02-08 00:00:00 2010-02-05 00:00:00 2010-03-08 00:00:00 2010-09-29 00:00:00 2010-11-16 00:00:00 2010-04-09 00:00:00 2010-05-21 00:00:00 And i wanted to get each months total registers... so following the example above: Jan = 1 Feb = 2 Mar = 1 Apr = 2 May = 1 Jun = 1 Jul = 0 Aug = 0 Sep = 1 Oct = 0 Nov = 1 Dec = 0 Now how can i use a query to do that but not have to use a query like: WHERE left(date, 7) = '2010-01' and keep doing that 12 times? I would like it to be a single query call and just have it place the months visits into a array like so: do until EOF theMonthArray[0] = "total for jan" theMonthArray[1] = "total for feb" theMonthArray[2] = "total for mar" theMonthArray[3] = "total for apr" ...etc loop I just can not think of a way to do that other than the example i posted with the 12 query called-one for each month. This is my query as of right now. Again, this only populates for one month where i am trying to populate all 12 months all at once. SELECT count(idNumber) as numVisits, theAccount, signUpDate, theActive from userinfo WHERE theActive = 'YES' AND idNumber = '0203' AND theAccount = 'SUB' AND left(signUpDate, 7) = '2010-04' GROUP BY idNumber ORDER BY numVisits; The example query above outputs this: numVisits | theAccount | signUpDate | theActive 2 SUB 2010-04-16 00:00:00 YES Which is correct because i have 2 records within the month of April. But again, i am trying to do all 12 months at one time (in a single query) so i do not tax the database server as much when compared to doing 12 different query's... UPDATE I'm looking to do something like along these lines: if NOT rst.EOF if left(rst("signUpDate"), 7) = "2010-01" then theMonthArray[0] = rst("numVisits") end if if left(rst("signUpDate"), 7) = "2010-02" then theMonthArray[1] = rst("numVisits") end if etc etc.... end if Any help would be great! :) David

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  • Designing a game database

    - by Ronald
    I'm trying to design a database to record game histories for a game I'm working on. I have 3 different tables: users, gamehistories, and gamescores. Columns for tables: users: uid, displayname, email gamehistories: gid, pubID, start (datetime), end (datetime) gamescores: gid, uid, score I am trying to produce the following result set given a userID (uid): Opponent's displayname, my score, opponent's score, duration Any ideas? Is my design ok? How can I query these tables to get game histories for a given uid?

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  • complex sql which runs extremely slow when the query has order by clause

    - by basit.
    I have following complex query which I need to use. When I run it, it takes 30 to 40 seconds. But if I remove the order by clause, it takes 0.0317 sec to return the result, which is really fast compare to 30 sec or 40. select DISTINCT media.* , username from album as album , album_permission as permission , user as user, media as media where ((media.album_id = album.album_id and album.private = 'yes' and album.album_id = permission.album_id and (permission.email = '' or permission.user_id = '') ) or (media.album_id = album.album_id and album.private = 'no' ) or media.album_id = '0' ) and media.user_id = user.user_id and media.media_type = 'video' order by media.id DESC LIMIT 0,20 The id on order by is primary key which is indexed too. So I don't know what is the problem. I also have album and album permission table, just to check if media is public or private, if private then check if user has permission or not. I was thinking maybe that is causing the issue. What if I did this in sub query, would that work better? Also can someone help me write that sub query, if that is the solution? If you can't help write it, just at least tell me. I'm really going crazy with this issue.. SOLUTION MAYBE Yes, I think sub-query would be best solution for this, because the following query runs at 0.0022 seconds. But I'm not sure if validation of an album would be accurate or not, please check. select media.*, username from media as media , user as user where media.user_id = user.user_id and media.media_type = 'video' and media.id in (select media2.id from media as media2 , album as album , album_permission as permission where ((media2.album_id = album.album_id and album.private = 'yes' and album.album_id = permission.album_id and (permission.email = '' or permission.user_id = '')) or (media.album_id = album.album_id and album.private = 'no' ) or media.album_id = '0' ) and media.album_id = media2.album_id ) order by media.id DESC LIMIT 0,20

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  • php edit database entery script not working.

    - by Jacksta
    I have two files which show all contats in a database, then edits them. The second script keeps directing the browser back due to this part. I cant work out how to make it work! :) <?php if (!$_POST[id]) { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } else { session_start(); } if ($_SESSION[valid] != "yes") { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } This script shows all contacts in a database which is an "address book" this part works fine. please see below. Name:pick_modcontact.php if ($_SESSION[valid] != "yes") { header( "Location: contact_menu.php"); exit; } $db_name = "testDB"; $table_name = "my_contacts"; $connection = @mysql_connect("localhost", "admin", "user") or die(mysql_error()); $db = @mysql_select_db($db_name, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); $sql = "SELECT id, f_name, l_name FROM $table_name ORDER BY f_name"; $result = @mysql_query($sql, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); $num = @mysql_num_rows($result); if ($num < 1) { $display_block = "<p><em>Sorry No Results!</em></p>"; } else { while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $id = $row['id']; $f_name = $row['f_name']; $l_name = $row['l_name']; $option_block .= "<option value\"$id\">$f_name, $l_name</option>"; } $display_block = "<form method=\"POST\" action=\"show_modcontact.php\"> <p><strong>Contact:</strong> <select name=\"id\">$option_block</select> <input type=\"submit\" name=\"submit\" value=\"Select This Contact\"></p> </form>"; } ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Modify A Contact</title> </head> <body> <h1>My Contact Management System</h1> <h2><em>Modify a Contact</em></h2> <p>Select a contact from the list below, to modify the contact's record.</p> <? echo "$display_block"; ?> <br> <p><a href="contact_menu.php">Return to Main Menu</a></p> </body> </html> This script is for modifying the contact: named show_modcontact.php <?php if (!$_POST[id]) { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } else { session_start(); } if ($_SESSION[valid] != "yes") { header( "Location: pick_modcontact.php"); exit; } $db_name = "testDB"; $table_name = "my_contacts"; $connection = @mysql_connect("localhost", "admin_cantsayno", "cantsayno") or die(mysql_error()); $db = @mysql_select_db($db_name, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); $sql = "SELECT f_name, l_name, address1, address2, address3, postcode, prim_tel, sec_tel, email, birthday FROM $table_name WHERE id = '$_POST[id]'"; $result = @mysql_query($sql, $connection) or die(mysql_error()); while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $f_name = $row['f_name']; $l_name = $row['l_name']; $address1 = $row['address1']; $address2 = $row['address2']; $address3 = $row['address3']; $country = $row['country']; $prim_tel = $row['prim_tel']; $sec_tel = $row['sec_tel']; $email = $row['email']; $birthday = $row['birthday']; } ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Modify A Contact</title> </head> <body> <form action="do_modcontact.php" method="post"> <input type="id" value="<? echo "$_POST[id]"; ?>" /> <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="3"> <tr> <th>Name & Address Information</th> <th> Other Contact / Personal Information</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="top"> <p><strong>First Name:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$f_name" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /></p> <p><strong>Last Name:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="l_name" value="<? echo "$l_name" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /></p> <p><strong>Address1:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$address1" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /></p> <p><strong>Address2:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$address2" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /></p> <p><strong>Address3:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$address3" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> </p> <p><strong>Postcode:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$postcode" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /></p> <p><strong>Country:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$country" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> </p> <p><strong>First Name:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$f_name" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /></p> </td> <td align="top"> <p><strong>Prim Tel:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$prim_tel" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /></p> <p><strong>Sec Tel:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$sec_tel" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /></p> <p><strong>Email:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$email" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> </p> <p><strong>Birthday:</strong><br /> <input type="text" name="f_name" value="<? echo "$birthday" ?>" size="35" maxlength="75" /> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <p><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Update Contact" /></p> <br /> <p><a href="contact_menu.php">Retuen To Menu</a></p> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>

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  • Query design in SQL - ORDER BY SUM() of field in rows which meet a certain condition

    - by Christian Mann
    OK, so I have two tables I'm working with - project and service, simplified thus: project ------- id PK name str service ------- project_id FK for project time_start int (timestamp) time_stop int (timestamp) One-to-Many relationship. Now, I want to return (preferably with one query) a list of an arbitrary number of projects, sorted by the total amount of time spent at them, which is found by SUM(time_stop) - SUM(time_start) WHERE project_id = something. So far, I have SELECT project.name FROM service LEFT JOIN project ON project.id = service.project_id LIMIT 100 but I cannot figure out how what to ORDER BY.

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  • Analyzing data from same tables in diferent db instances.

    - by Oscar Reyes
    Short version: How can I map two columns from table A and B if they both have a common identifier which in turn may have two values in column C Lets say: A --- 1 , 2 B --- ? , 3 C ----- 45, 2 45, 3 Using table C I know that id 2 and 3 belong to the same item ( 45 ) and thus "?" in table B should be 1. What query could do something like that? EDIT Long version ommited. It was really boring/confusing EDIT I'm posting some output here. From this query: select distinct( rolein) , activityin from taskperformance@dm_prod where activityin in ( select activityin from activities@dm_prod where activityid in ( select activityid from activities@dm_prod where activityin in ( select distinct( activityin ) from taskperformance where rolein = 0 ) ) ) I have the following parts: select distinct( activityin ) from taskperformance where rolein = 0 Output: http://question1337216.pastebin.com/f5039557 select activityin from activities@dm_prod where activityid in ( select activityid from activities@dm_prod where activityin in ( select distinct( activityin ) from taskperformance where rolein = 0 ) ) Output: http://question1337216.pastebin.com/f6cef9393 And finally: select distinct( rolein) , activityin from taskperformance@dm_prod where activityin in ( select activityin from activities@dm_prod where activityid in ( select activityid from activities@dm_prod where activityin in ( select distinct( activityin ) from taskperformance where rolein = 0 ) ) ) Output: http://question1337216.pastebin.com/f346057bd Take for instace activityin 335 from first query ( from taskperformance B) . It is present in actvities from A. But is not in taskperformace in A ( but a the related activities: 92, 208, 335, 595 ) Are present in the result. The corresponding role in is: 1

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  • Extract wrong data from a frame in C?

    - by ipkiss
    I am writing a program that reads the data from the serial port on Linux. The data are sent by another device with the following frame format: |start | Command | Data | CRC | End | |0x02 | 0x41 | (0-127 octets) | | 0x03| ---------------------------------------------------- The Data field contains 127 octets as shown and octet 1,2 contains one type of data; octet 3,4 contains another data. I need to get these data. Because in C, one byte can only holds one character and in the start field of the frame, it is 0x02 which means STX which is 3 characters. So, in order to test my program, On the sender side, I construct an array as the frame formatted above like: char frame[254]; frame[0] = 0x02; // starting field frame[1] = 0x41; // command field which is character 'A' ..so on.. And, then On the receiver side, I take out the fields like: char result[254]; // read data read(result); printf("command = %c", result[1]); // get the command field of the frame // get other field's values the command field value (result[1]) is not character 'A'. I think, this because the first field value of the frame is 0x02 (STX) occupying 3 first places in the array frame and leading to the wrong results on the receiver side. How can I correct the issue or am I doing something wrong at the sender side? Thanks all. related questions: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2500567/parse-and-read-data-frame-in-c http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2531779/clear-data-at-serial-port-in-linux-in-c

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  • Deleting huge chunks of data from mysql innodb

    - by ming yeow
    I need to delete a huge chunk of my data in my production database, which runs about 100GB in size. If possible, i would like to minimize my downtime. My selection criteria for deleting is likely to be DELETE * FROM POSTING WHERE USER.ID=5 AND UPDATED_AT<100 What is the best way to delete it? Build an index? Write a sequential script that deletes via paginating through the rows 1000 at a time?

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  • Retrieve 2 last posts for each category.

    - by Savageman
    Hello, Lets say I have 2 tables: blog_posts and categories. Each blog post belongs to only ONE category, so there is basically a foreign key between the 2 tables here. I would like to retrieve the 2 lasts posts from each category, is it possible to achieve this in a single request? GROUP BY would group everything and leave me with only one row in each category. But I want 2 of them. It would be easy to perform 1 + N query (N = number of category). First retrieve the categories. And then retrieve 2 posts from each category. I believe it would also be quite easy to perform M queries (M = number of posts I want from each category). First query selects the first post for each category (with a group by). Second query retrieves the second post for each category. etc. I'm just wondering if someone has a better solution for this. I don't really mind doing 1+N queries for that, but for curiosity and general SQL knowledge, it would be appreciated! Thanks in advance to whom can help me with this.

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  • mysql index optimization for a table with multiple indexes that index some of the same columns

    - by Sean
    I have a table that stores some basic data about visitor sessions on third party web sites. This is its structure: id, site_id, unixtime, unixtime_last, ip_address, uid There are four indexes: id, site_id/unixtime, site_id/ip_address, and site_id/uid There are many different types of ways that we query this table, and all of them are specific to the site_id. The index with unixtime is used to display the list of visitors for a given date or time range. The other two are used to find all visits from an IP address or a "uid" (a unique cookie value created for each visitor), as well as determining if this is a new visitor or a returning visitor. Obviously storing site_id inside 3 indexes is inefficient for both write speed and storage, but I see no way around it, since I need to be able to quickly query this data for a given specific site_id. Any ideas on making this more efficient? I don't really understand B-trees besides some very basic stuff, but it's more efficient to have the left-most column of an index be the one with the least variance - correct? Because I considered having the site_id being the second column of the index for both ip_address and uid but I think that would make the index less efficient since the IP and UID are going to vary more than the site ID will, because we only have about 8000 unique sites per database server, but millions of unique visitors across all ~8000 sites on a daily basis. I've also considered removing site_id from the IP and UID indexes completely, since the chances of the same visitor going to multiple sites that share the same database server are quite small, but in cases where this does happen, I fear it could be quite slow to determine if this is a new visitor to this site_id or not. The query would be something like: select id from sessions where uid = 'value' and site_id = 123 limit 1 ... so if this visitor had visited this site before, it would only need to find one row with this site_id before it stopped. This wouldn't be super fast necessarily, but acceptably fast. But say we have a site that gets 500,000 visitors a day, and a particular visitor loves this site and goes there 10 times a day. Now they happen to hit another site on the same database server for the first time. The above query could take quite a long time to search through all of the potentially thousands of rows for this UID, scattered all over the disk, since it wouldn't be finding one for this site ID. Any insight on making this as efficient as possible would be appreciated :) Update - this is a MyISAM table with MySQL 5.0. My concerns are both with performance as well as storage space. This table is both read and write heavy. If I had to choose between performance and storage, my biggest concern is performance - but both are important. We use memcached heavily in all areas of our service, but that's not an excuse to not care about the database design. I want the database to be as efficient as possible.

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  • using LIKE with logical operators

    - by ryanthegecko
    i can't seem to figure out how to combine LIKE with an OR or AND: DELETE * FROM persons WHERE FirstName = 'Abe' AND LastName LIKE '%coln'; Looks like it should owrk to me but I get error 1064 (syntax0 Is there a correct way to do this?

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  • Doctrine CodeIgniter MySQL CRUD errors

    - by 01010011
    Hi, I am using CI + Doctrine + MySQL and I am getting the following CRUD errors: (1) When trying to create a new record in the database with this code: $book_title = 'The Peloponnesian War'; $b = new Book(); $b-title = $book_title; $b-price = 10.50; $b-save(); I get this error: Fatal error: Uncaught exeption 'Doctrine_Connection_Mysql_Exception' with message 'SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'title' in 'field list' in ... (2) When trying to fetch a record from the database and display on my view page with this code: $book_title = 'The Peloponnesian War'; $title = $book_title; $search_results = Doctrine::getTable('Book')-findOneByTitle($title); echo $search_results-title; (in view file) I get this error: Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Doctrine_Connection_Mysql_Exception' with message 'SQLSTATE[45S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'b.id' in 'field list" in ... And finally, when I try to update a record as follows: $book_title = 'The Peloponnesian War'; $title = $book_title; $u = Doctrine::getTable('Book')-find($title); $u-title = $title; $u-save(); I get a similar error: Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Doctrine_Connection_Mysql_Exception' with message 'SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'b.id' in 'field list''in ... Here is my Doctrine_Record model: class Book extends Doctrine_Record{ public function setTableDefinition() { $this->hasColumn('book_id'); $this->hasColumn('isbn10','varchar',20); $this->hasColumn('isbn13','varchar',20); $this->hasColumn('title','varchar',100); $this->hasColumn('edition','varchar',20); $this->hasColumn('author_f_name','varchar',20); $this->hasColumn('author_m_name','varchar',20); $this->hasColumn('author_l_name','varchar',20); $this->hasColumn('cond','enum',null, array('values' => array('as new','very good','good','fair','poor'))); $this->hasColumn('price','decimal',8, array('scale' =>2)); $this->hasColumn('genre','varchar',20); } public function setUp() { $this->setTableName('Book'); //$this->actAs('Timestampable'); } Any assistance will be really appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • Fraud Detection with the SQL Server Suite Part 1

    - by Dejan Sarka
    While working on different fraud detection projects, I developed my own approach to the solution for this problem. In my PASS Summit 2013 session I am introducing this approach. I also wrote a whitepaper on the same topic, which was generously reviewed by my friend Matija Lah. In order to spread this knowledge faster, I am starting a series of blog posts which will at the end make the whole whitepaper. Abstract With the massive usage of credit cards and web applications for banking and payment processing, the number of fraudulent transactions is growing rapidly and on a global scale. Several fraud detection algorithms are available within a variety of different products. In this paper, we focus on using the Microsoft SQL Server suite for this purpose. In addition, we will explain our original approach to solving the problem by introducing a continuous learning procedure. Our preferred type of service is mentoring; it allows us to perform the work and consulting together with transferring the knowledge onto the customer, thus making it possible for a customer to continue to learn independently. This paper is based on practical experience with different projects covering online banking and credit card usage. Introduction A fraud is a criminal or deceptive activity with the intention of achieving financial or some other gain. Fraud can appear in multiple business areas. You can find a detailed overview of the business domains where fraud can take place in Sahin Y., & Duman E. (2011), Detecting Credit Card Fraud by Decision Trees and Support Vector Machines, Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2011 Vol 1. Hong Kong: IMECS. Dealing with frauds includes fraud prevention and fraud detection. Fraud prevention is a proactive mechanism, which tries to disable frauds by using previous knowledge. Fraud detection is a reactive mechanism with the goal of detecting suspicious behavior when a fraudster surpasses the fraud prevention mechanism. A fraud detection mechanism checks every transaction and assigns a weight in terms of probability between 0 and 1 that represents a score for evaluating whether a transaction is fraudulent or not. A fraud detection mechanism cannot detect frauds with a probability of 100%; therefore, manual transaction checking must also be available. With fraud detection, this manual part can focus on the most suspicious transactions. This way, an unchanged number of supervisors can detect significantly more frauds than could be achieved with traditional methods of selecting which transactions to check, for example with random sampling. There are two principal data mining techniques available both in general data mining as well as in specific fraud detection techniques: supervised or directed and unsupervised or undirected. Supervised techniques or data mining models use previous knowledge. Typically, existing transactions are marked with a flag denoting whether a particular transaction is fraudulent or not. Customers at some point in time do report frauds, and the transactional system should be capable of accepting such a flag. Supervised data mining algorithms try to explain the value of this flag by using different input variables. When the patterns and rules that lead to frauds are learned through the model training process, they can be used for prediction of the fraud flag on new incoming transactions. Unsupervised techniques analyze data without prior knowledge, without the fraud flag; they try to find transactions which do not resemble other transactions, i.e. outliers. In both cases, there should be more frauds in the data set selected for checking by using the data mining knowledge compared to selecting the data set with simpler methods; this is known as the lift of a model. Typically, we compare the lift with random sampling. The supervised methods typically give a much better lift than the unsupervised ones. However, we must use the unsupervised ones when we do not have any previous knowledge. Furthermore, unsupervised methods are useful for controlling whether the supervised models are still efficient. Accuracy of the predictions drops over time. Patterns of credit card usage, for example, change over time. In addition, fraudsters continuously learn as well. Therefore, it is important to check the efficiency of the predictive models with the undirected ones. When the difference between the lift of the supervised models and the lift of the unsupervised models drops, it is time to refine the supervised models. However, the unsupervised models can become obsolete as well. It is also important to measure the overall efficiency of both, supervised and unsupervised models, over time. We can compare the number of predicted frauds with the total number of frauds that include predicted and reported occurrences. For measuring behavior across time, specific analytical databases called data warehouses (DW) and on-line analytical processing (OLAP) systems can be employed. By controlling the supervised models with unsupervised ones and by using an OLAP system or DW reports to control both, a continuous learning infrastructure can be established. There are many difficulties in developing a fraud detection system. As has already been mentioned, fraudsters continuously learn, and the patterns change. The exchange of experiences and ideas can be very limited due to privacy concerns. In addition, both data sets and results might be censored, as the companies generally do not want to publically expose actual fraudulent behaviors. Therefore it can be quite difficult if not impossible to cross-evaluate the models using data from different companies and different business areas. This fact stresses the importance of continuous learning even more. Finally, the number of frauds in the total number of transactions is small, typically much less than 1% of transactions is fraudulent. Some predictive data mining algorithms do not give good results when the target state is represented with a very low frequency. Data preparation techniques like oversampling and undersampling can help overcome the shortcomings of many algorithms. SQL Server suite includes all of the software required to create, deploy any maintain a fraud detection infrastructure. The Database Engine is the relational database management system (RDBMS), which supports all activity needed for data preparation and for data warehouses. SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) supports OLAP and data mining (in version 2012, you need to install SSAS in multidimensional and data mining mode; this was the only mode in previous versions of SSAS, while SSAS 2012 also supports the tabular mode, which does not include data mining). Additional products from the suite can be useful as well. SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) is a tool for developing extract transform–load (ETL) applications. SSIS is typically used for loading a DW, and in addition, it can use SSAS data mining models for building intelligent data flows. SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) is useful for presenting the results in a variety of reports. Data Quality Services (DQS) mitigate the occasional data cleansing process by maintaining a knowledge base. Master Data Services is an application that helps companies maintaining a central, authoritative source of their master data, i.e. the most important data to any organization. For an overview of the SQL Server business intelligence (BI) part of the suite that includes Database Engine, SSAS and SSRS, please refer to Veerman E., Lachev T., & Sarka D. (2009). MCTS Self-Paced Training Kit (Exam 70-448): Microsoft® SQL Server® 2008 Business Intelligence Development and Maintenance. MS Press. For an overview of the enterprise information management (EIM) part that includes SSIS, DQS and MDS, please refer to Sarka D., Lah M., & Jerkic G. (2012). Training Kit (Exam 70-463): Implementing a Data Warehouse with Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012. O'Reilly. For details about SSAS data mining, please refer to MacLennan J., Tang Z., & Crivat B. (2009). Data Mining with Microsoft SQL Server 2008. Wiley. SQL Server Data Mining Add-ins for Office, a free download for Office versions 2007, 2010 and 2013, bring the power of data mining to Excel, enabling advanced analytics in Excel. Together with PowerPivot for Excel, which is also freely downloadable and can be used in Excel 2010, is already included in Excel 2013. It brings OLAP functionalities directly into Excel, making it possible for an advanced analyst to build a complete learning infrastructure using a familiar tool. This way, many more people, including employees in subsidiaries, can contribute to the learning process by examining local transactions and quickly identifying new patterns.

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  • how to select the min value using having key word

    - by LOVE_KING
    I have created the table stu_dep_det CREATE TABLE `stu_dept_cs` ( `s_d_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, `stu_name` varchar(15) , `gender` varchar(15) , `address` varchar(15),`reg_no` int(10) , `ex_no` varchar(10) , `mark1` varchar(10) , `mark2` varchar(15) , `mark3` varchar(15) , `total` varchar(15) , `avg` double(2,0), PRIMARY KEY (`s_d_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC AUTO_INCREMENT=8 ; then Inserted the values INSERT INTO `stu_dept_cs` (`s_d_id`, `stu_name`, `gender`, `address`, `reg_no`, `ex_no`, `mark1`, `mark2`, `mark3`, `total`, `avg`) VALUES (1, 'alex', 'm', 'chennai', 5001, 's1', '70', '90', '95', '255', 85), (2, 'peter', 'm', 'chennai', 5002, 's1', '80', '70', '90', '240', 80), (6, 'parv', 'f', 'mumbai', 5003, 's1', '88', '60', '80', '228', 76), (7, 'basu', 'm', 'kolkatta', 5004, 's1', '85', '95', '56', '236', 79); I want to select the min(avg) using having keyword and I have used the following sql statement SELECT * FROM stu_dept_cs s having min(avg) Is it correct or not plz write the correct ans....

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  • Oracle Data Integrator at Oracle OpenWorld 2012: Demonstrations

    - by Irem Radzik
    By Mike Eisterer Oracle OpenWorld is just a few days away and  we look forward to showing Oracle Data Integrator' comprehensive data integration platform, which delivers critical data integration requirements: from high-volume, high-performance batch loads, to event-driven, trickle-feed integration processes, to SOA-enabled data services.  Several Oracle Data Integrator demonstrations will be available October 1st through the3rd : Oracle Data Integrator and Oracle GoldenGate for Oracle Applications, in Moscone South, Right - S-240 Oracle Data Integrator and Service Integration, in Moscone South, Right - S-235 Oracle Data Integrator for Big Data, in Moscone South, Right - S-236 Oracle Data Integrator for Enterprise Data Warehousing, in Moscone South, Right - S-238 Additional information about OOW 2012 may be found for the following demonstrations. If you are not able to attend OpenWorld, please check out our latest resources for Data Integration.  

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  • Database INSERT does not take place

    - by reggie
    My code is as follows: <?php include("config.php"); $ip=$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; if($_POST['id']) { $id=$_POST['id']; $id = mysql_escape_String($id); $ip_sql=mysql_query("select ip_add from Voting_IP where mes_id_fk='$id' and ip_add='$ip'"); $count=mysql_num_rows($ip_sql); if($count==0) { $sql = "update Messages set up=up+1 where mes_id='$id'"; mysql_query($sql); $sql_in = "insert into Voting_IP (mes_id_fk,ip_add) values ('$id','$ip')"; mysql_query($sql_in) or die(mysql_error()); echo "<script>alert('Thanks for the vote');</script>"; } else { echo "<script>alert('You have already voted');</script>"; } $result=mysql_query("select up from Messages where mes_id='$id'"); $row=mysql_fetch_array($result); $up_value=$row['up']; echo "<img src='button.png' width='110' height='90'>"; echo $up_value; } ?> My problem is that the insert process does not take place at all. The script tags echos an alert box. Even the img tag is echoed to the web page. But the insert process does not take place. The config file is fine. Note: This code works on my local machine which has PHP 5.3 but it does not work on the server which has PHP 5.2. Any advice?

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  • using checkbox yo update MySql table

    - by Martin
    Hi All I have been searching round the internet for days on this matter but I keep coming up against a brick wall. What I have is a table full of checkboxes inside an admin area acting as a monthly "to-do" list. It's essentially a worksheet of 30 or so things to do each month that must be checked off each month and notes added if applicable. I have managed to get the checkboxes to update via mysql and be shown somewhere as a list of ticks. I simply did this my setting the value to 1 and on submission it updates the sql table. I have to cover my bases here and also offer the option to un-tick items if they have been ticked b y mistake. But I cant figure out how this is done. Below is my checking code... any help on this matter would be great. <?php $currentTask = ''; echo "<tr class='tr'>"; while ($seolistRow = mysql_fetch_array($seolistRes)) { $taskValue = $seolistRow["taskValue"]; $worksheetID = $seolistRow["worksheetID"]; $taskName = $seolistRow["taskName"]; $taskInfo = $seolistRow["taskInfo"]; if ($taskValue == 1) { $taskDone = "<input type='checkbox' value='1' class='checkbox' name='checkbox".$worksheetID."' id=checkbox'".$worksheetID."' checked='checked' /><div class='taskinfo'>".$taskInfo."</div>"; } else { $taskDone = "<input type='checkbox' value='0' class='checkbox' name='checkbox".$worksheetID."' id='checkbox".$worksheetID."' />"; } if ($currentTask != $taskName) { echo "</tr>"; echo "<tr class='tr'>"; echo "<td class='task'>".$taskName."</td>"; } echo "<td class='tick'>".$taskDone."</td>"; $currentTask = $taskName; } echo "</tr>"; ?>

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  • Mysql - Summary Tables

    - by jwzk
    Which method do you suggest and why? Creating a summary table and . . . 1) Updating the table as the action occurs in real time. 2) Running group by queries every 15 minutes to update the summary table. 3) Something else? The data must be near real time, it can't wait an hour, a day, etc.

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  • Problem with ColdFusion communicating with MySQL database

    - by Greg
    Hi, I have been working to migrate a non-profit website from a local server (running Windows XP) to a GoDaddy hosting account (running Linux). Most of the pages are written in ColdFusion. Things have gone smoothly, up until this point. There is a flash form within the site (see this page: http://www.preservenet.cornell.edu/employ/submitjob.cfm) which, when completed, takes the visitor to this page: submitjobaction.cfm . I'm not quite sure what to make of this error, since I copied exactly what had been in the old MySQL database, and the .cfm files are exactly as they had been when they worked on the old server. Am I missing something? Below is the code from the database that the error seems to be referring to. When I change "Positionlat" to some default value in the database as it suggests in the error, it says that another field needs a default value, and it's a neverending chain of errors as I try to correct it. This is probably a stupid error that I'm missing, but I've been working at it for days and can't find what I'm missing. I would really appreciate any help. Thanks! -Greg DROP TABLE IF EXISTS employopp; CREATE TABLE employopp ( POSTID int(10) NOT NULL auto_increment, USERID varchar(10) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, STATUS varchar(10) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL default 'ACTIVE', TYPE varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci default 'professional', JOBTITLE varchar(70) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, NUMBER varchar(30) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, SALARY varchar(40) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, ORGNAME varchar(70) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, DEPTNAME varchar(70) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, ORGDETAILS mediumtext character set utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci, ORGWEBSITE varchar(200) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, ADDRESS varchar(60) collate latin1_general_ci default 'none given', ADDRESS2 varchar(60) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, CITY varchar(30) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, STATE varchar(30) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, COUNTRY varchar(3) collate latin1_general_ci default 'USA', POSTALCODE varchar(10) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, EMAIL varchar(75) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, NOMAIL varchar(5) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, PHONE varchar(20) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, FAX varchar(20) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, WEBSITE varchar(200) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, POSTDATE varchar(10) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, POSTUNTIL varchar(20) collate latin1_general_ci default 'select date', POSTUNTILFILLED varchar(20) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL default 'until filled', texteHTML mediumtext character set utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci, HOWTOAPPLY mediumtext character set utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci, CONFIRSTNM varchar(30) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, CONLASTNM varchar(60) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, POSITIONCITY varchar(30) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, POSITIONSTATE varchar(30) collate latin1_general_ci default NULL, POSITIONCOUNTRY varchar(3) collate latin1_general_ci default 'USA', POSITIONLAT varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, POSITIONLNG varchar(50) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (POSTID) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=2007 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_general_ci;

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