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• Monitoring host and app parameters in real-time

  - by devopsdude42

  I have a bunch of VMs that I need to monitor in real-time. For all nodes I need to watch host parameters like load, network usage and free memory; and for some I need app-specific metrics too, like redis (some vars from the output of INFO command) and nginx (like requests/sec, avg. request time). Ideally I'd also like to track some parameters from the custom apps that run on these node too. These parameters should get tracked as a bunch of line charts on a dashboard. I checked out graphite and it looks suitable (although the UX and aesthetics looks like it needs some love). But setting up and maintaining graphite looks to be a pain, esp. since we don't have a full-time person just for this. Are there any alternatives? Or at least something that is simpler to setup and will scale? Reasonable paid services are also ok.

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• What is the effect on LVM snapshot size when a file block is rewritten with it's original contents?

  - by NevilleDNZ

  I'm exploring using LVM snapshot's to off site incremental archives from a snapshot "master" file system. In essence: simply copy across only the files on the "master" that have changed since the last incremental copy to the "archive". Then snapshot the "archive" to retain the incremental. I am a bit puzzled as to the block usage behaviour of the archive's own incremental snapshot. I'm expecting that LVM is not smart enough to know that the "file block" is actually unchanged, and the a new copy will be allocated and written for the fresh "archive" file system. Can anyone confirm this, or point me to a document/page that gives some hints? BTW: the OS hard disk cache, hard disk physical cache and hard disk itself also doesn't need to do any actual "disk writes" as the "disk block" likewise is unnecessary. Any pointers to discussion of this style of optimisation would also be ineresting.

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• Linux wall command won't broadcast strings

  - by mjb

  I read here that this should work, but it doesn't: //usage: wall [file] root@sys:~> mesg is y root@sys:~> wall "who's out there" wall: can't read who's out there. If mesg is set to y, what's preventing me from broadcasting a string? Note, I did confirm that the file option works: root@sys:~> wall test Broadcast Message from root@sys (/dev/pts/1) at 15:23 ... Who's out there? Teach me knowledge please. mjb

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• windows 7 frequently crashes when running 64 bit debian on virtualbox

  - by erin c

  I've been having some hard times with Virtualbox. I use it to run 64-bit Debian guest on a Windows 7 host to be able to code for linux systems. It generally crashes when I build my code in eclipse cdt, or if I am doing some intensive operations. Should I lower the memory and core usage? Is this some sort of virtualbox problem? I upgraded to virtualbox v4.1.8 and the problem still occurs. My virtual machine instance uses 1736MB out of 4GB of ram, and I use 2 out of 8 processor cores. But still, the whole thing crashes 1 or 2 times every single day.

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• Linux QoS: bulk data transmission during idle times

  - by syneticon-dj

  How would I do a QoS setup where a certain low-priority data stream would get up to X Mbps of bandwidth, but only if the current total bandwidth (of all streams/classes) on this interface does not exceed X? At the same time, other data streams / classes must not be limited to X. The use case is an ISP billing the traffic by calculating the bandwidth average over 5 minute intervals and billing the maximum. I would like to keep the maximum usage to a minimum (i.e. quench the bulk transfer during interface busy times) but get the data through during idle/low traffic times. Looking at the frequently used classful schedulers CBQ, HTB and HSFC I cannot see a straightforward way to accomplish this.

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• What affects video encoding speeds?

  - by Pig Head

  FRAPs doesn't compress its videos when you record, so the files are enormous. In a long recording you can get up to a few hundred gigabytes. Obviously, usually you would need to convert/compress them. What affects the speed of this? I don't think the RAM does, as when I converted 600 gb my RAM usage only went to 6 gig, but the processor was at 100%, which is surprising as I have a 6 core processor @ 3.46 ghz. Would clock speed or cores help the most?

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• Alternatives to amavis for RAM-bound server

  - by rsuarez

  I'm running a small VPS server that works as web and mail server. It has only 256MB of RAM, and it's sucking 100MB of swap constantly. I've found that one of the culprits is amavis, taking about 30MB of resident memory, and would like to ditch it and use some alternative. I don't have much mail daily, so it being a bit slower wouldn't be a problem. I'd like to avoid Spamassassin altogether, if possible, because it's quite big even if used in offline mode. I'm already using RBLs and a few small blacklists, and used greylisting for a while but abandoned it because it gave me a few problems (don't remember which; I think it was related to not configuring properly white lists for several big ISPs). So, is there some alternative to amavis that I could use without much RAM (and if possible, CPU) usage? Thanks in advance.

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• Can't get DNS Alias work on Ubuntu 10.04 with Apache 2

  - by Johnny

  I want to use the DNS Alias to configure one of my domain pointing to a specific directory on the server. Here is what I've done: Change the IP address in domain setting, and it works $ ping www.example.com PING example.com (124.205.62.xxx): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 124.205.62.xxx: icmp_seq=0 ttl=48 time=53.088 ms 64 bytes from 124.205.62.xxx: icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=52.125 ms ^C --- example.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 52.125/52.606/53.088/0.482 ms Add sites-available and sites-enabled $ ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-available/ total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 948 2010-04-14 03:27 default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7467 2010-04-14 03:27 default-ssl -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 365 2010-06-09 18:27 example.com $ ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 2010-06-09 15:46 000-default -> ../sites-available/default lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2010-06-09 18:17 001-example.com -> ../sites-available/example.com But it doesn't work and when I open the browser for www.example.com, it shows an 111 error: The following error was encountered: Connection to 124.205.62.48 Failed The system returned: (111) Connection refused Here is how example.com's config: $ cat /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/001-example.com <virtualhost *:80> DocumentRoot "/vhosts/example.com/htdocs/" ServerName www.example.com ServerAlias example.com <Location /> Order Deny,Allow Deny from None Allow from all </Location> #Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf ErrorLog /vhosts/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /vhosts/example.com/logs/access.log combined Could you please tell me how to solve this?

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• Amazon EC2- micro-instance vs single small/medium instance

  - by shashankaholic

  I have a chat application using stack of Openfire, Tomcat6 and MySQL. Currently, i have installed all these servers on single Linux micro-instance(613 MB memory). Even in low user base 10-20 i am encountering CPU overload which is quite obvious here. As, i am new to Amazon EC2 can somebody suggest me how to scale up my architecture according to traffic use? should i use separate micro instances for every app server(openfire,mysql,tomcat6) should i use single small or medium instance for whole server stack. Some factors in context: high reliance on MYSQL high memory usage due to file transfer web-application interacting with other Amazon service like S3,SES

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• PC with 2 RAMs of different frequencies (1GB 533MHz + 2GB 667MHz) showing only 2GB RAM

  - by srinivas

  I have 6 years old PC with 1.25GB (1GB + 256MB) of DDR2 533MHz RAM. As computer has become very slow and memory usage reaching its limits most of the times, i decided to upgrade RAM. But unfortunately, im not finding retailers selling DDR2 533Mhz RAM near my area. Since I was not sure mixing up RAMs of different frequencies, i searched in web. Most results said they can be mixed but computer would run at lower frequency of the 2 RAMs. So I bought 2GB DDR2 667Mhz RAM expecting my pc to have 3GB RAM running at 533 MHz. But computer properties page shows only 2GB RAM. BIOS settings too show the slot with 2GB 667MHz as ACTIVE and other slot with 1GB 533MHz as "NOT INSTALLED". When I removed 2GB RAM, they computer shows only 1GB RAM. So for some reason, 1GB RAM is not getting detected/used. What is the problem here? thanks in advance.

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• Remote Desktop Software - TeamViewer comparison?

  - by Martin

  Preliminary Note: After reading what I wrote below, I would like to stress that this ain't a TeamViewer ad. It's just that all other tools that I checkked online seem to miss one feature or the other. :-) OK, so I'm currently trying to get a picture of available solutions for remote desktop software. I have found (through personal usage) that TeamViewer pretty much ticks all boxes that I personally would want from any remoting tool. (Specifically it's setup is amazingly trivial.) It supports a wide range of platforms and it's even free for private use, so I'm really quite OK with it. I would be interested if anyone knows of other tools that ticks as many boxes as TeamViewer seems to do.

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• Do I need a license to create pdf files? [closed]

  - by Fire-Dragon-DoL

  I hope this is the correct place where I could ask this question. My mother is an accountant with a degree in economics. She works as a freelancer and she needs some licenses for her job. The biggest problem is adobe acrobat standard, which costs 400€, quite a lot. I want understand if she must buy it to create pdf files or she can use some free (even for commercial use) programs that she has because of her job (the chamber of commerce provide some advantages to accountants). She is actually using PDFCreator, which as I can read is free for business usage (open source also!!): http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdfcreator/ Thanks for any suggestion

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• cygwin rsync over ssh very slow

  - by Waleed Hamra

  I have 2 machines running Windows Xp SP3. I have cygwin installed on both, version 1.7. I have rsync and ssh installed on both, and configured using default settings as per ssh-host-config and ssh-user-config programs provided. I moved the public keys into their respective locations, and basically ssh is working fine. i began an rsync operation, using: rsync -av --delete --hard-links local_dir username@other_machine:/some_dir well... on both machines, the processor is running near idle, no heavy usage. I checked IO using process explorer on both machines, and that too is at normal levels (1~2 MB/s), so I can't see where the bottlenecks are, because network performance is aweful. I'm not going over 1MB/s... when a normal file copy using windows sharing achieves some ~10 MB/s.. What could be wrong?

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• What free OS should I use on my VPS?

  - by earlz

  Hello, I looked a bit but didn't see any duplicate of this so my question is which free(open source) OS do you use on servers and why do you use that OS? Background I have a VPS at Linode. There is a broad range of options for which OS I can put on it including both 32 and 64bit OSs. I just use it to run my small blog and for hosting random files. It's very low traffic. I have been using 64bit Arch Linux on my VPS and though I love the OS for general usage, for a server the constant breakage is troublesome. So I'm considering trying something new and am looking for suggestions.

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• Will I have internet connection issues next day, if I unplug router at night?

  - by headskracher77

  I did this regularly a few years ago and used to feel like I was 'being punished' by the Interent svc provider for disabling access to my computer, because trying to re-connect the next day became a constant pain. I have the same linksys router, a comcast modem, and hi-speed broadband through their LAN. Question: who or what is at fault for lousy internet connections, slow connections, or no connections: (everybody's tech dept. blames everybody else) The router? 10 year olds, maybe obsolete? The modem? came with the service plan - can connect three devices on a sharedconnection. The ISP: I read they not only even control and completely regulate bandwidth usage, but they also ration it!! (true?) So can I safely 'pull the plug' each night for security or not? thnx

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• How do I associate server traffic to a domain hosted on that server?

  - by morley

  I have three or four Linux servers, each of which hosts anywhere from 5 to 50 domains. Each domain has its own folder: /www/projectname/web/ Logs go in: /www/projectname/log However, if there's a traffic spike (or, as I see it on my end, a memory usage spike), I'm not sure how to figure out which domain is responsible for the traffic without running tail -f on each of the projects and making an educated guess based on how fast things scroll. There's got to be a better way! There probably is, but I haven't seen it. And the last time I checked, bandwidth monitors only report system-wide load. So if anyone knows how to do this the right way, please let me know. Thanks!

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• How can I throttle the bandwidth consumed by Windows Automatic Updates?

  - by eleven81

  We have many Windows XP computers sharing one connection to the internet. These machines are set to download all available automatic updates and then prompt the user to install them. Whenever Patch Tuesday rolls around, our internet usage pegs out, and remains that way for most of the day, and sometimes into the following Wednesday. This hurts! I still want the machines to start to download the updates as soon as they are available, but if it takes until Thursday or Friday before the last updates are downloaded, that's still better than the latency and dropped connections we are seeing now as a result of the internet connection bottleneck. What can I do to throttle back how rapidly each machine downloads the updates, while still having them all start the download process as soon as the updates are available? I have no desire to run a WSUS server. Also, the internet connection is more than enough, whenever there are no updates to download.

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• Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

  - by Tommy

  I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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• A space-efficient guest filesystem for grow-as-needed virtual disks ?

  - by Steve Schnepp

  A common practice is to use non-preallocated virtual disks. Since they only grow as needed, it makes them perfect for fast backup, overallocation and creation speed. Since file systems are usually based on physical disks they have the tendency to use the whole area available1 in order to increase the speed2 or reliability3. I'm searching a filesystem that does the exact opposite : try to touch the minimum blocks need by an aggressive block reuse. I would happily trade some performance for space usage. There is already a similar question, but it is rather general. I have very specific goal : space-efficiency. 1. Like page caching uses all the free physical memory 2. Canonical example : online defragmentation 3. Canonical example : snapshotting

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• Articles of x386 and later CPU based systems

  - by user32569

  Hi there. I know this is hard question, and possibly not to be answered here, but if there is some article, or more you know about, please post a link. About books, its sad but many great computer books cannot be bought in my country. So, you can find many articles online, which says how memory was mapped back in pre x386 CPU. How there was explicit holes ready for MMIO BIOS, Video BIOS, etc. How there was A20 line for allowing higher memory access etc. Problem is, time changed. Today BIOSes are many times larger, and pure x86 16bit mode is used for booting and ROM flashing only. OS ignore BIOS as they access everything using drivers. And I just want to know, how it works today. I know not so specific question, but I read OS dev wiki, many articles, but all refering to days before massive usage of pure 32bit CPUs.

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• Minimalistic flatfile-based "wall" PHP app with authentication and RSS?

  - by Nicolas Raoul

  I am looking for an open-source minimalistic "message board" PHP software. Not a forum, more something like one simple facebook wall. The only thing a user can do is post a new message. With RSS, and able to run on flat files (no database) with Apache+PHP Authentication based on a configuration file, no management UI needed. For now I use this software, but it lacks RSS: http://nrw.free.fr/data/projects/pano/demo/index.php?pano=ifc Anyone knows a software that matches my description? Thanks! Usage: communication between my family's 5 members living on different continents.

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• Looking for Kiosk-style / camera store easy photo memory card to CD/DVD burning program for Windows-7 Notebook? For non techie user.

  - by Rob

  I'm looking for a Kiosk-style / camera shop easy photo memory card to CD/DVD burning program? For non technie user. The kind of system you see in a camera shop / store, e.g. in the UK, Jessops and Boots stores. This is for my Dad who is adept at general PC usage as a notebook owner, but would prefer something fairly simple. The task of burning photos to CD/DVD, in their original photo file .jpg form, i.e. NOT as CD or DVD video or slideshow, is what I'm looking for. I'm guessing this might be possible in Picasa, but all the options available might be superfluous and confusing. He could probably learn to use that but thought I would try simpler options first. Looking for something that guides the user through the steps/stages of the process, 'Wizard' style. Any suggestions? Platform: HP Windows 7 Home notebook with CD/DVD burner and SD memory card slot.

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• Amazon EC2- many micro-instances vs single small/medium instance

  - by shashankaholic

  I have a chat application using stack of Openfire, Tomcat6 and MySQL. Currently, i have installed all these servers on single Linux micro-instance(613 MB memory). Even in low user base 10-20 i am encountering CPU overload which is quite obvious here. As, i am new to Amazon EC2 can somebody suggest me how to scale up my architecture according to traffic use? should i use separate micro instances for every app server(openfire,mysql,tomcat6) should i use single small or medium instance for whole server stack. Some factors in context: high reliance on MYSQL high memory usage due to file transfer web-application interacting with other Amazon service like S3,SES

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• Does ZFS cache Compressed or Uncompressed data in a ZFS file-system with compression turned on?

  - by George Bailey

  ZFS supports file-system compression and it also caches frequently or recently accessed data. If a system has lots of CPU but the underlying data storage system is slow. It is possible that ZFS would perform better with compression turned on. This can be easily tested when writing files by measuring CPU and disk usage and throughput. (of course latency may exist,, but this would not be an issue for large files). But what about cache? If data will have to be decompressed every time it is read then this is probably less of a good idea. Is the cached data compressed?. Does anybody have some information on this?

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• How do I make the Windows low memory warning less sensitive?

  - by Stephen

  I keep getting this annoying low memory warning/prompt to close games I play. It happens very often and I still have ~6 gigs of ram free. I disabled virtual memory because it was putting stuff on the pagefile when I had 10 gigs free ram so that spiked my disk usage. Is there any way to disable this warning? I have 16GB ram so it shouldn't be an issue. I would prefer to keep pagefiles off because my HD is very loud so it's nice to keep it spun down as much as possible. I don't want to disable it completely. Ideally, I would like it to go off when I have ~2GB left rather than 6, but if this isn't viable, I may just disable it completely.

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