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• How to make AD highly available for applications that use it as an LDAP service

  - by Beaming Mel-Bin

  Our situation We currently have many web applications that use LDAP for authentication. For this, we point the web application to one of our AD domain controllers using the LDAPS port (636). When we have to update the Domain Controller, this has caused us issues because one more web application could depend on any DC. What we want We would like to point our web applications to a cluster "virtual" IP. This cluster will consist of at least two servers (so that each cluster server could be rotated out and updated). The cluster servers would then proxy LDAPS connections to the DCs and be able to figure out which one is available. Questions For anyone that has had experience with this: What software did you use for the cluster? Any caveats? Or perhaps a completely different architecture to accomplish something similar?

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• Explanation of various domain name records?

  - by Kumar

  At the time of hosting, normally we just change name servers in the domain control panel. It's fine if both mail and web servers are the same. When they're different, we need to change the DNS records. When I try to point my blog to my domain name, I came to know about the various types of DNS records - A Records, AAA Records, MX Records, CNAME Records, NS Records, TXT Records, SRV Records, SOA Records, etc. I searched on Google, but would like to know more about these deeply. I found this link on the Internet - http://www.directnic.com/help/faq/?question_id=103 and got some idea about the different DNS records. But I have some more questions. How do the domain name records work? Is there any difference between NS record and other records in the way they work? Where should the NS record point to when using A record, CNAME record and MX record?

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• Most useful commands for Linux server admins

  - by redknight

  Can you please suggest commands whihc you most find usefull when administering Linux servers, with Apache, vsftpd, users and quotas..etc

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• Using Terminal Services 'query' in batch file

  - by dboarman-FissureStudios

  I have a batch file that checks several of our servers for a user. From the command: query user %userID% /server:ServerName I want to capture the output before it goes to the screen. Is there a way to redirect the output to a variable? The basic gist of what I want to accomplish is this - we iterate through our servers: query user %userID% /server:Server1 query user %userID% /server:Server2 query user %userID% /server:Server3 query user %userID% /server:Server4 Instead of outputting a message that the user could not be found on a specific server, I would like for it to only notify me if it finds the user on a server.

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• FTP client that supports 2 concurrent FTP sessions

  - by oninea

  I'm looking for an FTP client that can connect to two different FTP servers at the same time and allow file transfer or synchronization between those two servers. Basically what I want to achieve is to transfer/synchronize files between 2 different sites from my local machine. Are there any clients around that support this functionality? If there are none, is there an alternative to achieve this? I've taken a look at net2ftp, a web based FTP client, which provides almost the same functionality that I need. What I'm looking for though is a desktop app. Any ideas?

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• Tools a UNIX administrator cannot live without

  - by John T

  After administering UNIX or UNIX-like servers, what tools (command-line preferably) do you feel you cannot live without?

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• How to set up a staging apt repository to securely manage upgrades

  - by andreash

  Hello, I would like to be able to run automatic apt-get upgrade (once per hour) on our servers (Ubuntu 10.04), so that I don't have to do it manually on all of them (about 15). However, for production machines, that's not a good idea ... So here's my idea: Set up a local repository for all 'approved' updates for critical packages. I would then push updated packages from upstream to our local repo after I tested them, and all servers could automatically (apt-cron?) upgrade from this repository. So my question is this: How do I configure apt on the clients so that they use the local repository only for all packages which exist on the local repository, and the upstream one for all other packages? Does this actually make sense? Or am I missing something? Anyways, thanks for your insight! Andreas.

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• How to choose a web server for a Python application?

  - by Phil

  Information and prerequisites: I have a project which is, at its core, a basic CRUD application. It doesn't have long running background processes which it forks at the beginning and talks to later on, nor does it have long running queries or kept alive connection requirements. It receives a request, makes some queries to the database and then responds. In order to serve static files and cachable files fast, I am going to use Varnish in all cases. Here is my question: After reading about various Python web application servers, I have seen that they all have their "fans" for certain, usually "personal" reasons, which got me confused since each usecase differs from the next. How can I learn about the core differentiating factors of Python web servers (in order) to decide how suitable they are for my project and if one would be better than the other? What are your (technically provable) thoughts on the matter? How should I choose a Python web server? Thank you.

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• redundant/multi-site terminal server

  - by Adam

  Hi We have a Hyper-V cluster running 5 virtual terminal servers using HA. We need to be able make this system redundant and so if this site was to fail our users could log into the backup system at another location and access their data via the terminal servers. Any ideas? We were thinking of maybe using a NAS which replicated the data to the other location in real-time(pass-through disks)? and having a similar Hyper-V cluster setup in the backup location. However we would need to create the users in both location and create a virtual mirror without the data ie applications, directories, settings etc. Is this the best way to achieve this? We have read that using Hyper-v pass through disks is a big performance de-grade.

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• Combine multiple DNS filtering result

  - by Martheen Cahya Paulo

  Several DNS servers provide filtering against different categories, mostly for the local government 'undesirable content', some for malware, and some for ads. What I want is to create/use a DNS server that compare against those filtering DNS servers and only provide the address if all the DNS server agrees. For example if DNS server G provide a clean, unfiltered result, DNS server N provide malware and/or pornography filter, and DNS server F provide ad filter, then G, N and F will only provide the same/similar answer if the query is not categorized as malware, pornography, or advertising. Thus, by creating a server M that only answer if all DNS server agree, M effectively filter against all those categories. Maybe it's possible to do this on DDWRT or Tomato, but if not, I would settle for a solution that can be run in Linux/Windows.

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• IP stops working from time to time

  - by Mattias

  Hi, have a problem that I can't seem to find the reason for. We are running a small network with windows clients(XP/Win7) and windows servers(2008 sp2/2008r2). The domaincontroller is working as DC, DNS, DHCP, VPN. We have a Level1 FBR4000 between internet and our internal network. The problem is that from time to time specific IP-adresses stops working, the only way I have gotten the devices to work again is to exclude the specific IP from the DHCP address pool and getting a new IP, then everything works again. It seems as the specific IP is beeing banned/blocked somewhere but I just can't figure out where. Anyone got an idea as to where I should start to look? I could also point out that I just reinstalled all servers due to a officemove and was hoping to get away from this problem but it just showed up again. This last time it was my iPhone that got stuck through the Wi-Fi...

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• SQL Server Transaction Log RAID

  - by Eric Maibach

  We have three SQL Server servers, and each server has a about five or six databases on it. We are in the process of moving these servers to a new SAN and I am working on the best RAID configuration. Currently all of the log files for all of the databases share a RAID array, there is nothing else on this RAID array except for the log files, but all of the databases use this same array for their log files. I have read that it is best to have log files on separate disks. But in our case I am not sure whether it would be best to have one big array with about 8 drives that all the log files are on. Or would it be better to create four two disk arrays and give some of the larger databases their own dedicated disks for their log files?

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• Is it possible to host a website in the 'ether' of the Internet -- not on a server -- so that it cannot be taken down? [closed]

  - by Christopher Altman

  This is a theoretical problem I am curious about. Websites are hosted on servers. Servers can be taken offline. Is it possible to host a website in the 'ether' of the Internet -- not on a server -- so that it cannot be taken down? One example, is that the website is hosted on other websites, like a parasite. Another is that it is assembled through storing pieces on DNS machines, routers, etc., so that it get assembled on the fly. The purpose is that this website could live forever because no one person can remove it. The answers I am looking for are plausible idea/approaches on technically how this could be built.

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• Web service not accessible from behind corporates firewalls - how come?

  - by Niro

  We run a Saas serving a widget which is embedded in customer websites. The service include static javascript code hosted on amazon S3 and dynamic part hosted on EC2 with Scalr (using scalr name servers). We received some feedback from users behind corporate firewalls that they cant access our service (while they can access the sites including the widget). This does not make sense to me since the service is using normal http calls on port 80 and our URL is quite new without any reason to be banned by firewalls. My questions are: 1. Why is the service is not accessible and what can I do about it? 2. Is it possible that one of the following is blocked by corporate firewalls: Amazon s3, the dynamic IP address provided by amazon, Scalr name servers. Any other possible reasons, way to check them and remedies for this? Thanks!

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• Recommended service account setup for MS SQL Server 2005/2008

  - by boxerbucks

  We have a number of MS SQL servers in our environment running either SQL Server 2005 standard/enterprise or SQL server 2008 enterprise. Currently the SQL services are running as local service or network service and the MS recommended best practice is to run as a domain account which is what we are trying to move towards. Is the best practice with regards to domain accounts to have a separate domain account per service per server? So if we have 4 SQL services we want to run per server and we have 50 servers, we would create 50 * 4 = 200 accounts in AD? This seems excessive to me and I was wondering if anyone has any real experience with this type of setup and it's management.

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• Remote desktop sessions - Unwanted automatic log off after period of time

  - by alex

  I'm having an issue whenever I connect to any of our servers via RDP - After a certain period of time, it seems to close these sessions, closing all the applications i had open etc... This is particularly annoying if I am running a long process - for example, copying a file - it cuts it off... I then re-connect via RDP, and it effectively loads a new session. Is this set somewhere in Group Policy? Or somewhere else? This is happening on Windows 2008 (it may also be on our 2003 servers, although I haven't noticed...)

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• Assign fixed IP address via DHCP by DNS lookup

  - by Janoszen

  Preface I'm building a virtualization environment with Ubuntu 14.04 and LXC. I don't want to write my own template since the upgrade from 12.04 to 14.04 has shown that backwards compatibility is not guaranteed. Therefore I'm deploying my virtual machines via lxc-create, using the default Ubuntu template. The DNS for the servers is provided by Amazon Route 53, so no local DNS server is needed. I also use Puppet to configure my servers, so I want to keep the manual effort on the deployment minimal. Now, the default Ubuntu template assigns IP addresses via DHCP. Therefore, I need a local DHCP server to assign IP addresses to the nodes, so I can SSH into them and get Puppet running. Since Puppet requires a proper DNS setup, assigning temporary IP addresses is not an option, the client needs to get the right hostname and IP address from the start. Question What DHCP server do I use and how do I get it to assign the IP address based only on the host-name DHCP option by performing a DNS lookup on that very host name? What I've tried I tried to make it work using the ISC DHCP server, however, the manual clearly states: Please be aware that only the dhcp-client-identifier option and the hardware address can be used to match a host declaration, or the host-identifier option parameter for DHCPv6 servers. For example, it is not possible to match a host declaration to a host-name option. This is because the host-name option cannot be guaranteed to be unique for any given client, whereas both the hardware address and dhcp-client-identifier option are at least theoretically guaranteed to be unique to a given client. I also tried to create a class that matches the hostname like this: class "my-client-name" { match if option host-name = "my-client-name"; fixed-address my-client-name.my-domain.com; } Unfortunately the fixed-address option is not allowed in class statements. I can replace it with a 1-size pool, which works as expected: subnet 10.103.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 { option routers 10.103.1.1; class "my-client-name" { match if option host-name = "my-client-name"; } pool { allow members of "my-client-name"; range 10.103.1.2 10.103.1.2; } } However, this would require me to administer the IP addresses in two places (Amazon Route53 and the DHCP server), which I would prefer not to do. About security Since this is only used in the bootstrapping phase on an internal network and is then replaced by a static network configuration by Puppet, this shouldn't be an issue from a security standpoint. I am, however, aware that the virtual machine bootstraps with "ubuntu:ubuntu" credentials, which I intend to fix once this is running.

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• Unable to telnet out on port 25 on windows server 2008

  - by NickGPS

  Hi All, I just setup a Windows 2008 R2 server and am trying to get a basic mail server up and running so that I can send emails from my applications. I setup a virtual SMTP server in IIS6 and tried doing a local telnet to port 25, which seemed to work fine. There were no errors during this stage and I can see the mail message appear in the Queue folder. The problem is that mail never leaves the Queue folder. I then tried to telnet to a remote mail server on port 25 but couldn't connect:- telnet 209.85.227.27 25 Could not open connection to the host, on port 25: Connection failed) I checked my firewall and there is a default setting to allow all outgoing TCP traffic with no restriction. I even setup a specific rule for outgoing port 25 traffic but to no avail. I then ran a SmtpDiag.exe command .\SmtpDiag.exe [email protected] [email protected] and received the following output Searching for Exchange external DNS settings. Computer name is WIN-SERVERNAME. Failed to connect to the domain controller. Error: 8007054b Checking SOA for gmail.com. Checking external DNS servers. Checking internal DNS servers. SOA serial number match: Passed. Checking local domain records. Checking MX records using TCP: gmail.com. Checking MX records using UDP: gmail.com. Both TCP and UDP queries succeeded. Local DNS test passed. Checking remote domain records. Checking MX records using TCP: gmail.com. Checking MX records using UDP: gmail.com. Both TCP and UDP queries succeeded. Remote DNS test passed. Checking MX servers listed for [email protected]. Connecting to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com [209.85.227.27] on port 25. Connecting to the server failed. Error: 10060 Failed to submit mail to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. Is there any other diagnostics I can do to figure out if it's my firewall or something else? I have removed antivirus to make sure that it wasn't causing the problem. Any ideas would be much appreciated.

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• Do I need DELL OpenManage to generate snmp traps on RAID degradation?

  - by jishi

  I need to setup surveillance on all our servers to spot any RAID degradation in time. However, not all of our servers have OpenManage installed, and since they are in production I don't like the idea of installing it on them. Therefor: Is it necessary to have it installed in order to get an event-log for any degradation of the RAID? Because, if I get an event-log I can send an SNMP trap, if I understand it correctly. I thought it was the driver that responsible for the event-logging, but on a machine that recently had a degradation, I can't seem to find any log event for it.

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• Cygwin Syntax Trouble

  - by mkrouse

  I'm on windows 7 using Cygwin. My script and text file are located in the same directory. #!/bin/bash while read name; do echo "Name read from file - $name" done < /home/Matt/servers.txt I get this error and I don't know why because this is correct while loop syntax..? u0146121@U0146121-TPD-A ~/Matt $ ./script.sh ./script.sh: line 4: syntax error near unexpected token `done' ./script.sh: line 4: `done < /home/Matt/servers.txt' Can anybody tell me what I'm doing wrong? I think it's because I'm on windows and using Cygwin.

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• How to determine if a CentOS system is Raid-1?

  - by Tedd Johnson

  I've tried searching for this answer, but haven't found anything elegant. I have numerous servers in a colo that is in another state. I need to find a way to check that the servers have RAID-1 on them, so that I can determine if they were setup correctly by my colo. df -h shows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 442G 1.5G 418G 1% / /dev/sda1 99M 19M 75M 20% /boot tmpfs 4.0G 0 4.0G 0% /dev/shm however as CentOS uses LVM by default, this doesn't indicate if a RAID-1 is present. it is supposed to be a software raid, so I'm pretty sure there should be a way to check. Thanks

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• Load balancing without a load balancer?

  - by Tom

  I have 4 nginx-powered image servers on their own subdomains which users would access at random. I decided to put them all behind a HAProxy load balancer to improve the reliability and to see the traffic statistics from a single location. It seemed like a no-brainer. Unfortunately, the move was a complete failure as the load balancer's 100mbit port was completely saturated with all requests now going through it. I was wondering what to do about this - I could get a port upgrade ($$) or return to 4 separate image servers that are randomly accessed. I thought about putting HAProxy on each image server which would in turn route to another image server if that server's nginx service was having trouble. What would you do? I would like to not have to spend too much additional money.

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• Bacula vs. BackupPC

  - by chronoz

  I have been googling about the differences between them. Bacula has lots of roles BackupPC is easier to configure Bacula works with agent, not rsync (great for Windows backups) It seems that Bacula is most often compared to Amanda though, while BackupPC seems a perfectly lovely and popular backup distribution to. I currently backup my servers with rsnapshot, but I am looking for a professional scalable solution that could also back-up 50 hosts without problems. Preferably a solution that can offer bare metal restores for my Linux servers. I am not looking to reinstall the exact same version of Plesk, the software, etc...

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• Approach for monitoring internet backbone traffic volume

  - by Greg Harman

  I'm interested in getting a picture of relative volume across different internet backbones. In particular, I'd like to see how traffic volume over a given route differs over the course of a day or from one day to the next. InternetTrafficReport.com is the closest approximation to this that I've found online, and their approach is to test ping times to a number of key routers from several geographically-dispersed servers. This sounds like one straightforward way to measure, but I don't have several geographically-dispersed servers. Is there a different approach for sampling this type of information from a single server?

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• Load Balancing a UDP server

  - by Hellfrost

  Hello StackOverflow, I have a udp server, it is a central part in my business process. in order to handle the loads I'm expecting in the production environment I'll probably need 2 or 3 instances of the server. The server is almost entirely stateless, it mostly collects data, and the layer above it knows how to handle the minimal amount of stale data that can arise from the the multiple server instances. My question is, how can I implement load balancing between the servers? I would prefer to distribute the requests as evenly as possible between the servers. I would also would like to have some fidelity, I mean if client X was routed to server y, then I want all of X's subsequent requests to go to server Y, as long as it is sensible and not overloads Y. By the way it is a .NET system... what would you recommend?

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