array unique - Page 201

Type Object does not support slicing Unity3D

- by Vish

I am getting the following error in my code and I can't seem to understand why. Can anyone help me with it? This is my current code. The line causing the error is marked in a comment near the end. var rows : int = 4; var cols : int = 4; var totalCards : int = cols * rows; var matchesNeedToWin : int = totalCards * 0.5; var matchesMade : int = 0; var cardW : int = 100; var cardH : int = 100; var aCards : Array; var aGrid : Array; // This Array will store the two cards that the player flipped var aCardsFlipped : ArrayList; // To prevent player from clicking buttons when we don't want him to var playerCanClick : boolean; var playerHasWon : boolean = false; class Card extends System.Object { var isFaceUp : boolean = false; var isMatched : boolean = false; var img : String; function Card () { img = "robot"; } } function Start () { var i : int = 0; var j : int = 0; playerCanClick = true; aCards = new Array (); aGrid = new Array (); aCardsFlipped = new ArrayList (); for ( i = 0; i < rows; i++) { aGrid [i] = new Array (); for (j = 0; j < cols; cols++ ) { aGrid [i] [j] = new Card (); // <------ Error over here } } } function Update () { Debug.Log("Game Screen has loaded"); } The error states as follows: Error BCE0048: Type 'Object' does not support slicing. (BCE0048) (Assembly-UnityScript)

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2D Procedural Terrain with box2d Assets

- by Alex

I'm making a game that invloves a tire moving through terrain that is generated randomly over 1000 points. The terrain is always a downwards incline like so: The actual box2d terrain extends one screen width behind and infront of the circular character. I'm now at a stage where I need to add gameplay elements to the terrain such as chasms or physical objects (like the demo polygon in the picture) and am not sure of the best way to structure the procedural generation of the terrain and objects. I currently have a very simple for loop like so: for(int i = 0; i < kMaxHillPoints; i++) { hillKeyPoints[i] = CGPointMake(terrainX, terrainY); if(i%50 == 0) { i += [self generateCasmAtIndex:i]; } terrainX += winsize.width/20; terrainY -= random() % ((int) winsize.height/20); } With the generateCasmAtIndex function add points to the hillKeyPoints array and incrementing the for loop by the required amount. If I want to generate box2d objects as well for specific terrain elements, I'll also have to keep track of the current position of the player and have some sort of array of box2d objects that need to be created at certain locations. I am not sure of an efficient way to accomplish this procedural generation of terrain elements with accompanying box2d objects. My thoughts are: 1) Have many functions for each terrain element (chasm, jump etc.) which add elements to be drawn to an array that is check on each game step - similar to what I've shown above. 2) Create an array of terrain element objects that string together and are looped over to create the terrain and generate the box2d objects. Each object would hold an array of points to be drawn and and array of accompanying box2d objects. Any help on this is much appreciated as I cannot see a 'clean' solution.

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GAPI output doesn't match Google Analytics website

- by Yekver

I have to get the main info about my Google Analytics Goals. I'm using GAPI lib, with this code: <?php require_once 'conf.inc'; require_once 'gapi.class.php'; $ga = new gapi(ga_email,ga_password); $dimensions = array('pagePath', 'hostname'); $metrics = array('goalCompletionsAll', 'goalConversionRateAll', 'goalValueAll'); $ga->requestReportData(ga_profile_id, $dimensions, $metrics, '-goalCompletionsAll', '', '2012-09-07', '2012-10-07', 1, 500); $gaResults = $ga->getResults(); foreach($gaResults as $result) { var_dump($result); } cut this code is output: object(gapiReportEntry)[7] private 'metrics' => array (size=3) 'goalCompletionsAll' => int 12031 'goalConversionRateAll' => float 206.93154454764 'goalValueAll' => float 0 private 'dimensions' => array (size=2) 'pagePath' => string '/catalogs.php' (length=13) 'hostname' => string 'www.example.com' (length=13) object(gapiReportEntry)[6] private 'metrics' => array (size=3) 'goalCompletionsAll' => int 9744 'goalConversionRateAll' => float 661.05834464043 'goalValueAll' => float 0 private 'dimensions' => array (size=2) 'pagePath' => string '/price.php' (length=10) 'hostname' => string 'www.example.com' (length=13) What I see on Google Analytics website on Goals URLs page with the same period of date is: Goal Completion Location Goal Completions Goal Value 1. /price.php 9,396 $0.00 2. /saloni.php 3,739 $0.00 As you can see outputs doesn't match. Why? What's wrong?

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Implementing Explosions

- by Xkynar

I want to add explosions to my 2D game, but im having a hard time with the architecture. Several game elements might be responsible for explosions, like, lets say, explosive barrels and bullets (and there might be chain reactions with close barrels). The only options i can come up with are: 1 - Having an array of explosions and treat them as a game element as important as any other Pros: Having a single array which is updated and drawn with all the other game element arrays makes it more organized and simple to update, and the explosive barrels at a first glance would be easy to create, simply by passing the explosion array as a pointer to each explosive barrel constructor Cons: It might be hard for the bullets to add an explosion to the vector, since bullets are shot by a Weapon class which is located in every mob, so lets say, if i create a new enemy and add it to the enemy array, that enemy will have a weapon and functions to be able to use it, and if i want the weapon (rocket launcher in this case) to have access to the explosions array to be able to add a new one, id have to pass the explosion array as a pointer to the enemy, which would then pass it to the weapon, which would pass it to the bullets (ugly chain). Another problem I can think of is a little more weird: If im checking the collisions between explosions and barrels (so i create a chain reaction) and i detect an explosion colliding with a barrel, if i add a new explosion while im iterating the explosions java will trow an exception. So this is kinda annoying, i cant iterate through the explosions and add a new explosion, i must do it in another way... The other way which isnt really well thought yet is to just add an explosive component to every element that might explode so that when it dies, it explodes or something, but i dont have good ways on implementing this theory either Honestly i dont like either the solutions so id like to know how is it usually done by actual game developers, sorry if my problem seems trivial and dumb.

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How to load models in the extended MY_Router class in codeigniter

- by askkirati

I am not able to load models to the extended My_Router class in codeigniter. Below is my code: class MY_Router extends CI_Router { function MY_Router() { parent::CI_Router(); } function _validate_request($segments) { // Does the requested controller exist in the root folder? if (file_exists(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$segments[0].EXT)) { return $segments; } // Is the controller in a sub-folder? if (is_dir(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$segments[0])) { // Set the directory and remove it from the segment array $this->set_directory($segments[0]); $segments = array_slice($segments, 1); if (count($segments) > 0) { // Does the requested controller exist in the sub-folder? if ( ! file_exists(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$this->fetch_directory().$segments[0].EXT)) { show_404($this->fetch_directory().$segments[0]); } } else { $this->set_class($this->default_controller); $this->set_method('index'); // Does the default controller exist in the sub-folder? if ( ! file_exists(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$this->fetch_directory().$this->default_controller.EXT)) { $this->directory = ''; return array(); } } return $segments; } // Let's check if there are category segments $category_routes = $this->category_routing($segments); if($category_routes !== FALSE) { return $category_routes; } $user_routes = $this->user_routing($segments); if($user_routes != FALSE) { return $user_routes; } show_404($segments[0]); } function category_routing($segments) { $this->load->model('category_model'); if($this->category_model->category_exist($segments[0])) { //if only category if(count($segments)==1) { return array('category', 'category_browse', $segments[0]); } //category pagination if(count($segments)==2 and is_numeric($segments[1])) { return array('category','category_browse', $segments[0], $segments[1]); } //category upcoming if(count($segments)==2 and $segments[1] == 'upcoming') { return array('category','upcoming', $segments[0]); } //category upcoming pagination if(count($segments)==3 and $segments[1] == 'upcoming' and is_numeric($segments[3])) { return array('category','upcoming', $segments[0], $segments[3]); } //category top if(count($segments)==3 and $segments[1] == 'top') { return array('category','top', $segments[0], $segments[2]); } //category top pagination if(count($segments)==4 and $segments[1] == 'top' and is_numeric($segments[3])) { return array('category','top', $segments[0], $segments[3]); } } return FALSE; } function user_routing($segments) { $this->load->model('dx_auth/users', 'user_model'); if($this->user_model->check_username($segments[0])) { //only profile if(count($segments)==1) { return array('user','profile',$segments[0]); } //all friends if(count($segments)==2 and $segment[1]=='allfriends') { return array('user','allfriends',$segments[0]); } //all subscribers if(count($segments)==2 and $segment[1]=='allsubscribers') { return array('user','allsubscribers',$segments[0]); } //all subscription if(count($segments)==2 and $segment[1]=='allsubscriptions') { return array('user','allsubscriptions',$segments[0]); } } return FALSE; } } I have tried loading the models by using get_instance function provided by codeigniter but seems like it doesnot work. All i need is load the models in extended system library.

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Android: preferences not being stored automatically

- by Vitaly

I'm trying to use preference screen. I'm following all steps from online tutorial (once I couldn't get it working, I found other tutorials, and steps seem to be fine). I get to preferences screen, edit values, return to calling activity (via hardware return button). In DDMS perspective FileExplorer shows package_name_preferences.xml file with preferences that should be stored. It contains: <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='yes' ?> <map> <string name="false">kg</string> </map> while I expect (data line only shown). <string name="weight">kg</string> Also, if I go change only 1 preference, the same value changes, not a new row is created. I'm just tempted to write my own preference classes that would store data in files or DB, but I know that preferences should work, it just doesn't save properly my stuff. Edit Tutorials used: Main Tutorial - Was using this as a base, simplified, as I needed only 3 listPreferences so far. Another One - Used this one back when first installed android, so referred to this one for its section on preferences Code: (Screen loads, so I'm not showing Manifest) public class MyPrefs extends PreferenceActivity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle bundle) { super.onCreate(bundle); addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.my_prefs); } } my_prefs.xml <PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <PreferenceCategory android:title="Value Settings"> <ListPreference android:title="Distance" android:summary="Metric (Kilometer) vs Imperial (Imperial)" android:defaultValue="km" android:key="@+id/distanceMesurement" android:entries="@array/distance" android:entryValues="@array/distance_values"/> <ListPreference android:title="Weight" android:summary="Metric (Kilogram) vs Imperial (Pound)" android:defaultValue="kg" android:key="@+id/weightMesurement" android:entries="@array/weight" android:entryValues="@array/weight_values"/> </PreferenceCategory> </PreferenceScreen> calling MyPrefs from MainScreen Intent i = new Intent(MainScreen.this, MyPrefs.class); startActivity(i); arrays.xml <resources> <string-array name="weight"> <item name="kg">Kilogram (kg)</item> <item name="lb">Pound (lb)</item> </string-array> <string-array name="weight_values"> <item name="kg">kg</item> <item name="lb">lb</item> </string-array> <string-array name="distance"> <item name="km">Kilometer (km)</item> <item name="mi">Mile (mi)</item> </string-array> <string-array name="distance_values"> <item name="km">km</item> <item name="mi">mi</item> </string-array> </resources>

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How can I reset addAttributeToFilter in Magento searches

- by Bobby

I'm having problems getting the addAttributeToFilter function within a loop to behave in Magento. I have test data in my store to support searches for all of the following data; $attributeSelections=array( array('size' => 44, 'color' => 67, 'manufacturer' => 17), array('size' => 43, 'color' => 69, 'manufacturer' => 17), array('size' => 42, 'color' => 70, 'manufacturer' => 17)); And my code to search through these combinations; foreach ($attributeSelections as $selection) { $searcher = Mage::getSingleton('catalogsearch/advanced')->getProductCollection(); foreach ($selection as $k => $v) { $searcher->addAttributeToFilter("$k", array('eq' => "$v")); echo "$k: $v<br />"; } $result=$searcher->getData(); print_r($result); } This loop gives the following results (slightly sanitised for veiwing pleasure); size: 44 color: 67 manufacturer: 17 Array ( [0] => Array ( [entity_id] => 2965 [entity_type_id] => 4 [attribute_set_id] => 28 [type_id] => simple [sku] => 1006-0001 [size] => 44 [color] => 67 [manufacturer] => 17 ) ) size: 43 color: 69 manufacturer: 17 Array ( [0] => Array ( [entity_id] => 2965 [entity_type_id] => 4 [attribute_set_id] => 28 [type_id] => simple [sku] => 1006-0001 [size] => 44 [color] => 67 [manufacturer] => 17 ) ) size: 42 color: 70 manufacturer: 17 Array ( [0] => Array ( [entity_id] => 2965 [entity_type_id] => 4 [attribute_set_id] => 28 [type_id] => simple [sku] => 1006-0001 [size] => 44 [color] => 67 [manufacturer] => 17 ) ) So my loop is function and generating the search. However, the values fed into addAttributeToFilter on the first itteration of the loop seem to remain stored for each search. I've tried clearing my search object, for example, unset($searcher) and unset($result). I've also tried magento functions such as getNewEmptyItem(), resetData(), distinct() and clear() but none have the desired effect. Basically what I am trying to do is check for duplicate products before my script attempts to programatically create a product with these attribute combinations. The array of attribute selections may be of varying sizes hence the need for a loop. I would be very appreiciative if anyone might be able to shed some light on my problem.

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black screen while retrieving result from webservices in android

- by Aswan

Hi Folks i am using following webservices for retrieving data from server server side:.net client side:ksoap2 whenever activity start, onCreate i am using spinner for displying data returned by the webservices when this activity start it showing black screen after lunching the activity .i found black screen is coming when activity connecting to webservices How to resolve this MyCode public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); try { //Display the online and busy people display in spinner //people are display in relative people only(Mygroup) /* get the online and busy people who are in user group from DB*/ users_names_ids=new ParseXMLString().convertusernames(new DataParsingComm().ILGetOnlinePeoples("<spGetOnlinePeoples><UserID>"+GetCurrentUserID.id+"</UserID></spGetOnlinePeoples>")); /* create an array with the size of number of peoples whose status is online or busy */ String[] array =new String[users_names_ids.size()]; int setselction=0;// initialize the selection to 0. /* if array length is greater than zero, that means getting at least one person whose status is online or busy */ if(array.length>0){ /* Returns an enumeration on the keys of this Hashtable instance. And assigns into Enumeration instance variable */ Enumeration e= users_names_ids.keys(); /* Iterate list Enumeration until it does't has any more elements */ for(int i=0;e.hasMoreElements();i++) try{ /* get all persons names into the array list */ array[i]=e.nextElement().toString(); /* Get the ChatUserName value from the ChatInPeopleDetails preferences. And If it is in this list set selection to the index 'i' */ if(getSharedPreferences("ChatInPeopleDetails", 0).getString("ChatUserName", "").equals(array[i])) setselction=i; /* * Get the String value of Relname, that previously added with putExtra() as extended data to the parent intent * If that value is not null and exists in the array list then * set the selection to the index 'i'. * */ else if(getIntent().getStringExtra("Relname")!=null && getIntent().getStringExtra("Relname").equals(array[i])) setselction=i; }catch(Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.gc(); System.runFinalization(); } } /* create a new array adapter with the ChatForm context and array objects */ ArrayAdapter<String> adapter2 = new ArrayAdapter<String>(ChatForm.this,android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, array); /* Set the layout resource to create the drop down views. */ adapter2.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); /* The Adapter is used to provide the data which backs this Spinner SpinnerUsersToChat. */ ((Spinner)findViewById(R.id.SpinnerUsersToChat)).setAdapter(adapter2); /* Get the ChatUserName value from the ChatInPeopleDetails preferences. If this value is not null*/ if(getSharedPreferences("ChatInPeopleDetails", 0).getString("ChatUserName", "") !=null) { /* Set the currently selected item of spinner based on selection variable value */ ((Spinner)findViewById(R.id.SpinnerUsersToChat)).setSelection(setselction); } /* Register a callback to be invoked when an item in this AdapterView has been selected.*/ ((Spinner)findViewById(R.id.SpinnerUsersToChat)).setOnItemSelectedListener(new OnItemSelectedListener() { public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent,View v,int position,long id) { /* call getMsg() to get messages and display them*/ getMsg(); /* Causes the Runnable to be added to the message queue. The runnable will be run on the user interface thread.*/ ((ScrollView)findViewById(R.id.ScrollView06)).post(new Runnable() { public void run() { /* This fullScroll() method will scroll the view to the bottom .*/ ((ScrollView)findViewById(R.id.ScrollView06)).fullScroll(View.FOCUS_DOWN); } }); } /* on nothing selected to do somthing . this an overridden method */ public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0) { } }); } catch (Exception e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } }

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Force close message when preferences are called via menu button

- by Dan T

I see no problem in the code. Help? preferences.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <ListPreference android:title="Gender" android:summary="Are you male or female?" android:key="genderPref" android:defaultValue="male" android:entries="@array/genderArray" android:entryValues="@array/genderValues" /> <ListPreference android:title="Weight" android:summary="How much do you weigh?" android:key="weightPref" android:defaultValue="180" android:entries="@array/weightArray" android:entryValues="@array/weightValues" /> </PreferenceScreen> arrays.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <string-array name="genderArray"> <item>Male</item> <item>Female</item> </string-array> <string-array name="genderValues"> <item>male</item> <item>female</item> </string-array> <string-array name="weightArray"> <item>120</item> <item>150</item> <item>180</item> <item>210</item> <item>240</item> <item>270</item> </string-array> <string-array name="weightValues"> <item>120</item> <item>150</item> <item>180</item> <item>210</item> <item>240</item> <item>270</item> </string-array> </resources> Preferences.java: package com.dantoth.drinkingbuddy; import android.os.Bundle; import android.preference.PreferenceActivity; public class Preferences extends PreferenceActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences); }; } butts.xml (idk why it's butts but I've gotten used to it now. really just sets up the menu button) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:id="@+id/settings" android:title="Settings" android:icon="@drawable/ic_menu_settings" /> <item android:id="@+id/archive" android:title="Archive" android:icon="@drawable/ic_menu_archive" /> <item android:id="@+id/new_session" android:title="New Session" android:icon="@drawable/ic_menu_new" /> <item android:id="@+id/about" android:title="About" android:icon="@drawable/ic_menu_about" /> </menu> within DrinkingBuddy.java: @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.settings: startActivity(new Intent(this, Preferences.class)); return true; case R.id.archive: Toast.makeText(this, "Expect to see your old drinking sessions here.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); return true; //ETC. } return false; That's it. I can press the menu button on the phone and see the menu items I created, but when I click on the "Settings" (r.id.settings) it FC. Do I have to do anything to the manifest/other thing to get this to work??

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Building a modular Website with Zend Framework: Am I on the right way?

- by Oliver

Hi, i´m a little bit confused by reading all this posts an tutorials about staring with Zend, because there a so many different ways to solve a problem. I only need a feedback about my code to know if iam on the right way: To simply get a (hard coded) Navigation for my side (depending on who is logged in) i build a Controller Plugin with a postDispatch method that holds following code: public function postDispatch(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request) { $menu = new Menu(); //Render menu in menu.phtml $view = new Zend_View(); //NEW view -> add View Helper $prefix = 'My_View_Helper'; $dir = dirname(__FILE__).'/../../View/Helper/'; $view->addHelperPath($dir,$prefix); $view->setScriptPath('../application/default/views/scripts/menu'); $view->menu = $menu->getMenu(); $this->getResponse()->insert('menu', $view->render('menu.phtml')); } Is it right that i need to set the helper path once again? I did this in a Plugin Controller named ViewSetup. There i do some setup for the view like doctype, headlinks, helper paths...(This step is from the book: Zend Framework in Action) The Menu class which is initiated looks like this: class Menu { protected $_menu = array(); /** * Menu for notloggedin and logged in */ public function getMenu() { $auth = Zend_Auth::getInstance(); $view = new Zend_View(); //check if user is logged in if(!$auth->hasIdentity()) { $this->_menu = array( 'page1' => array( 'label' => 'page1', 'title' => 'page1', 'url' => $view->url(array('module' => 'pages','controller' => 'my', 'action' => 'page1')) ), 'page2' => array( 'label' => 'page2', 'title' => 'page2', 'url' => $view->url(array('module' => 'pages','controller' => 'my', 'action' => 'page2')) ), 'page3' => array( 'label' => 'page3', 'title' => 'page3', 'url' => $view->url(array('module' => 'pages','controller' => 'my', 'action' => 'page3')) ), 'page4' => array( 'label' => 'page4', 'title' => 'page4', 'url' => $view->url(array('module' => 'pages','controller' => 'my', 'action' => 'page4')) ), 'page5' => array( 'label' => 'page5', 'title' => 'page5', 'url' => $view->url(array('module' => 'pages','controller' => 'my', 'action' => 'page5')) ) ); } else { //user is vom type 'client' //.. } return $this->_menu; } } Here´s my view script: <ul id="mainmenu"> <?php echo $this->partialLoop('menuItem.phtml',$this->menu) ?> </ul> This is working so far. My question is: is it usual to do it this way, is there anything to improve? I´m new to Zend and in the web are many deprecated tutorials which often is not obvious. Even the book is already deprecated where the autoloader is mentioned. Many thanks in advance

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where is the error in this C code , and how to get rid of the warnings?

- by mekasperasky

#include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> //This program is a sorting application that reads a sequence of numbers from a file and prints them on the screen . The reading from the file here , is a call back function . typedef int (*CompFunc)(const char* , const char* ); typedef int (*ReadCheck)(char nullcheck); char array[100]; //Let this fucntion be done in the library itself . It doesnt care as to where the compare function and how is it implemented . Meaning suppose the function wants to do sort in ascending order or in descending order then the changes have to be done by the client code in the "COMPARE" function who will be implementing the lib code . void ReadFile(FILE *fp,ReadCheck rc) { char a; char d[100]; int count = 0,count1=0; a=fgetc(fp); while(1 != (*rc)(a)) { if(a=='\0') { strcpy(array[count],d); count=count+1; } else { d[count1]=a; count1=count1+1; } } } void Bubblesort(int* array , int size , int elem_size , CompFunc cf) { int i,j; int *temp; for( i=0;i < size ;i++) { for ( j=0;j < size -1 ; j++) { // make the callback to the comparision function if(1 == (*cf)(array+j*elem_size,array+ (j+1)*elem_size)) { //interchanging of elements temp = malloc(sizeof(int *) * elem_size); memcpy(temp , array+j*elem_size,elem_size); memcpy(array+j*elem_size,array+(j+1)*elem_size,elem_size); memcpy(array + (j+1)*elem_size , temp , elem_size); free(temp); } } } } //Let these functions be done at the client side int Compare(const char* el1 , const char* el2) { int element1 = *(int*)el1; int element2 = *(int*)el2; if(element1 < element2 ) return -1; if(element1 > element2) return 1 ; return 0; } int ReadChecked(char nullcheck) { if (nullcheck=='\n') return 1; else return 0; } int main() { FILE fp1; int k; fp1=fopen("readdata.txt","r"); Readfile(fp1,&ReadChecked); Bubblesort((char*)array,5,sizeof(array[0]),&Compare); printf("after sorting \n"); for (k=0;k<5;k++) printf("%d",array[k]); return 0; } The error i get is fsc1.c: In function ‘ReadFile’: fsc1.c:19: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘strcpy’ makes pointer from integer without a cast fsc1.c: In function ‘Bubblesort’: fsc1.c:40: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘cf’ from incompatible pointer type fsc1.c:40: warning: passing argument 2 of ‘cf’ from incompatible pointer type fsc1.c:43: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘malloc’ fsc1.c:47: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘free’ fsc1.c: In function ‘main’: fsc1.c:80: error: incompatible types in assignment fsc1.c:82: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘Bubblesort’ from incompatible pointer type

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Winform/Program and how to write class 1, class 2, class 3, class 4 in array to linklabels?!!?

- by JB

So my program works like this: using winforms, user enters ID number, using an array, based on the right id number, that student information and class schedule outputs in a message box! My question is how to take the 4 classes in the message box/array and write them to the linklabel text in form 2???? My Getschedule class contains the array and is listed below: namespace Eagle_Eye_Class_Finder { public class GetSchedule { IDnumber[] IDnumbers = new IDnumber[3]; public string GetDataFromNumber(string ID) { foreach (IDnumber IDCandidateMatch in IDnumbers) { if (IDCandidateMatch.ID == ID) { StringBuilder myData = new StringBuilder(); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.Name); myData.AppendLine(": "); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.ID); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.year); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.class1); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.class2); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.class3); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.class4); //return myData; return myData.ToString(); } } return ""; } public GetSchedule() { IDnumbers[0] = new IDnumber() { Name = "Joshua Banks", ID = "900456317", year = "Senior", class1 = "TEET 4090", class2 = "TEET 3020", class3 = "TEET 3090", class4 = "TEET 4290" }; IDnumbers[1] = new IDnumber() { Name = "Sean Ward", ID = "900456318", year = "Junior", class1 = "ENGNR 4090", class2 = "ENGNR 3020", class3 = "ENGNR 3090", class4 = "ENGNR 4290" }; IDnumbers[2] = new IDnumber() { Name = "Terrell Johnson", ID = "900456319", year = "Sophomore", class1 = "BUS 4090", class2 = "BUS 3020", class3 = "BUS 3090", class4 = "BUS 4290" }; } public class IDnumber { public string Name { get; set; } public string ID { get; set; } public string year { get; set; } public string class1 { get; set; } public string class2 { get; set; } public string class3 { get; set; } public string class4 { get; set; } public static void ProcessNumber(IDnumber myNum) { StringBuilder myData = new StringBuilder(); myData.AppendLine(myNum.Name); myData.AppendLine(": "); myData.AppendLine(myNum.ID); myData.AppendLine(myNum.year); myData.AppendLine(myNum.class1); myData.AppendLine(myNum.class2); myData.AppendLine(myNum.class3); myData.AppendLine(myNum.class4); MessageBox.Show(myData.ToString()); } } } } My form 2 which will contain the linklabels is listed below: public class YOURCLASSSCHEDULE : System.Windows.Forms.Form { public System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel linkLabel1; public System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel linkLabel2; public System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel linkLabel3; public System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel linkLabel4; private Button button1; /// Required designer variable. public System.ComponentModel.Container components = null; public YOURCLASSSCHEDULE() { // InitializeComponent(); // TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call } /// Clean up any resources being used. protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing) { if (components != null) { components.Dispose(); } } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(YOURCLASSSCHEDULE)); this.linkLabel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel(); this.linkLabel2 = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel(); this.linkLabel3 = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel(); this.linkLabel4 = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel(); this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // linkLabel1 // this.linkLabel1.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.linkLabel1.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; this.linkLabel1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Times New Roman", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.linkLabel1.LinkArea = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkArea(0, 7); this.linkLabel1.LinkBehavior = System.Windows.Forms.LinkBehavior.HoverUnderline; this.linkLabel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(41, 123); this.linkLabel1.Name = "linkLabel1"; this.linkLabel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(288, 32); this.linkLabel1.TabIndex = 1; this.linkLabel1.TabStop = true; this.linkLabel1.Text = "Class 1"; this.linkLabel1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter; this.linkLabel1.LinkClicked += new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventHandler(this.linkLabel1_LinkClicked); // // linkLabel2 // this.linkLabel2.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.linkLabel2.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; this.linkLabel2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Times New Roman", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.linkLabel2.LinkBehavior = System.Windows.Forms.LinkBehavior.HoverUnderline; this.linkLabel2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(467, 123); this.linkLabel2.Name = "linkLabel2"; this.linkLabel2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(288, 32); this.linkLabel2.TabIndex = 2; this.linkLabel2.TabStop = true; this.linkLabel2.Text = "Class 2"; this.linkLabel2.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter; this.linkLabel2.VisitedLinkColor = System.Drawing.Color.Navy; this.linkLabel2.LinkClicked += new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventHandler(this.linkLabel2_LinkClicked); // // linkLabel3 // this.linkLabel3.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.linkLabel3.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; this.linkLabel3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Times New Roman", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.linkLabel3.LinkBehavior = System.Windows.Forms.LinkBehavior.HoverUnderline; this.linkLabel3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(41, 311); this.linkLabel3.Name = "linkLabel3"; this.linkLabel3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(288, 32); this.linkLabel3.TabIndex = 3; this.linkLabel3.TabStop = true; this.linkLabel3.Text = "Class 3"; this.linkLabel3.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter; this.linkLabel3.LinkClicked += new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventHandler(this.linkLabel3_LinkClicked); // // linkLabel4 // this.linkLabel4.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.linkLabel4.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; this.linkLabel4.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Times New Roman", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.linkLabel4.LinkBehavior = System.Windows.Forms.LinkBehavior.HoverUnderline; this.linkLabel4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(467, 311); this.linkLabel4.Name = "linkLabel4"; this.linkLabel4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(288, 32); this.linkLabel4.TabIndex = 4; this.linkLabel4.TabStop = true; this.linkLabel4.Text = "Class 4"; this.linkLabel4.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter; this.linkLabel4.LinkClicked += new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventHandler(this.linkLabel4_LinkClicked); // // this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 15); this.BackgroundImage = ((System.Drawing.Image)(resources.GetObject("$this.BackgroundImage"))); this.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Stretch; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(790, 482); this.Controls.Add(this.button1); this.Controls.Add(this.linkLabel4); this.Controls.Add(this.linkLabel3); this.Controls.Add(this.linkLabel2); this.Controls.Add(this.linkLabel1); this.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("OldDreadfulNo7 BT", 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.Name = "YOURCLASSSCHEDULE"; this.Text = "Your Classes"; this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form2_Load); this.ResumeLayout(false); } #endregion public void Form2_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { // if (text == "900456317") // { //} } public void linkLabel1_LinkClicked(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/map/"); } private void linkLabel2_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { } private void linkLabel3_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { } private void linkLabel4_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Form1 form1 = new Form1(); form1.Show(); this.Hide(); } } }

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Winform/Program and how to write array information to linklabels?!!?

- by JB

So my program works like this: using winforms, user enters ID number, using an array, based on the right id number, that student information and class schedule outputs in a message box! My question is how to take the 4 classes in the message box/array and write them to the linklabel text in form 2???? My Getschedule class contains the array and is listed below: namespace Eagle_Eye_Class_Finder { public class GetSchedule { IDnumber[] IDnumbers = new IDnumber[3]; public string GetDataFromNumber(string ID) { foreach (IDnumber IDCandidateMatch in IDnumbers) { if (IDCandidateMatch.ID == ID) { StringBuilder myData = new StringBuilder(); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.Name); myData.AppendLine(": "); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.ID); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.year); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.class1); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.class2); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.class3); myData.AppendLine(IDCandidateMatch.class4); //return myData; return myData.ToString(); } } return ""; } public GetSchedule() { IDnumbers[0] = new IDnumber() { Name = "Joshua Banks", ID = "900456317", year = "Senior", class1 = "TEET 4090", class2 = "TEET 3020", class3 = "TEET 3090", class4 = "TEET 4290" }; IDnumbers[1] = new IDnumber() { Name = "Sean Ward", ID = "900456318", year = "Junior", class1 = "ENGNR 4090", class2 = "ENGNR 3020", class3 = "ENGNR 3090", class4 = "ENGNR 4290" }; IDnumbers[2] = new IDnumber() { Name = "Terrell Johnson", ID = "900456319", year = "Sophomore", class1 = "BUS 4090", class2 = "BUS 3020", class3 = "BUS 3090", class4 = "BUS 4290" }; } public class IDnumber { public string Name { get; set; } public string ID { get; set; } public string year { get; set; } public string class1 { get; set; } public string class2 { get; set; } public string class3 { get; set; } public string class4 { get; set; } public static void ProcessNumber(IDnumber myNum) { StringBuilder myData = new StringBuilder(); myData.AppendLine(myNum.Name); myData.AppendLine(": "); myData.AppendLine(myNum.ID); myData.AppendLine(myNum.year); myData.AppendLine(myNum.class1); myData.AppendLine(myNum.class2); myData.AppendLine(myNum.class3); myData.AppendLine(myNum.class4); MessageBox.Show(myData.ToString()); } } } } My form 2 which will contain the linklabels is listed below: public class YOURCLASSSCHEDULE : System.Windows.Forms.Form { public System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel linkLabel1; public System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel linkLabel2; public System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel linkLabel3; public System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel linkLabel4; private Button button1; /// Required designer variable. public System.ComponentModel.Container components = null; public YOURCLASSSCHEDULE() { // InitializeComponent(); // TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call } /// Clean up any resources being used. protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing) { if (components != null) { components.Dispose(); } } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(YOURCLASSSCHEDULE)); this.linkLabel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel(); this.linkLabel2 = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel(); this.linkLabel3 = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel(); this.linkLabel4 = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel(); this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // linkLabel1 // this.linkLabel1.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.linkLabel1.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; this.linkLabel1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Times New Roman", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.linkLabel1.LinkArea = new System.Windows.Forms.LinkArea(0, 7); this.linkLabel1.LinkBehavior = System.Windows.Forms.LinkBehavior.HoverUnderline; this.linkLabel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(41, 123); this.linkLabel1.Name = "linkLabel1"; this.linkLabel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(288, 32); this.linkLabel1.TabIndex = 1; this.linkLabel1.TabStop = true; this.linkLabel1.Text = "Class 1"; this.linkLabel1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter; this.linkLabel1.LinkClicked += new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventHandler(this.linkLabel1_LinkClicked); // // linkLabel2 // this.linkLabel2.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.linkLabel2.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; this.linkLabel2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Times New Roman", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.linkLabel2.LinkBehavior = System.Windows.Forms.LinkBehavior.HoverUnderline; this.linkLabel2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(467, 123); this.linkLabel2.Name = "linkLabel2"; this.linkLabel2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(288, 32); this.linkLabel2.TabIndex = 2; this.linkLabel2.TabStop = true; this.linkLabel2.Text = "Class 2"; this.linkLabel2.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter; this.linkLabel2.VisitedLinkColor = System.Drawing.Color.Navy; this.linkLabel2.LinkClicked += new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventHandler(this.linkLabel2_LinkClicked); // // linkLabel3 // this.linkLabel3.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.linkLabel3.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; this.linkLabel3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Times New Roman", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.linkLabel3.LinkBehavior = System.Windows.Forms.LinkBehavior.HoverUnderline; this.linkLabel3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(41, 311); this.linkLabel3.Name = "linkLabel3"; this.linkLabel3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(288, 32); this.linkLabel3.TabIndex = 3; this.linkLabel3.TabStop = true; this.linkLabel3.Text = "Class 3"; this.linkLabel3.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter; this.linkLabel3.LinkClicked += new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventHandler(this.linkLabel3_LinkClicked); // // linkLabel4 // this.linkLabel4.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.linkLabel4.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; this.linkLabel4.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Times New Roman", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.linkLabel4.LinkBehavior = System.Windows.Forms.LinkBehavior.HoverUnderline; this.linkLabel4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(467, 311); this.linkLabel4.Name = "linkLabel4"; this.linkLabel4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(288, 32); this.linkLabel4.TabIndex = 4; this.linkLabel4.TabStop = true; this.linkLabel4.Text = "Class 4"; this.linkLabel4.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter; this.linkLabel4.LinkClicked += new System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventHandler(this.linkLabel4_LinkClicked); // // this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 15); this.BackgroundImage = ((System.Drawing.Image)(resources.GetObject("$this.BackgroundImage"))); this.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Stretch; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(790, 482); this.Controls.Add(this.button1); this.Controls.Add(this.linkLabel4); this.Controls.Add(this.linkLabel3); this.Controls.Add(this.linkLabel2); this.Controls.Add(this.linkLabel1); this.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("OldDreadfulNo7 BT", 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.Name = "YOURCLASSSCHEDULE"; this.Text = "Your Classes"; this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form2_Load); this.ResumeLayout(false); } #endregion public void Form2_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { // if (text == "900456317") // { //} } public void linkLabel1_LinkClicked(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/map/"); } private void linkLabel2_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { } private void linkLabel3_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { } private void linkLabel4_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e) { } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Form1 form1 = new Form1(); form1.Show(); this.Hide(); } } }

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What’s New in ASP.NET 4.0 Part Two: WebForms and Visual Studio Enhancements

- by Rick Strahl

In the last installment I talked about the core changes in the ASP.NET runtime that I’ve been taking advantage of. In this column, I’ll cover the changes to the Web Forms engine and some of the cool improvements in Visual Studio that make Web and general development easier. WebForms The WebForms engine is the area that has received most significant changes in ASP.NET 4.0. Probably the most widely anticipated features are related to managing page client ids and of ViewState on WebForm pages. Take Control of Your ClientIDs Unique ClientID generation in ASP.NET has been one of the most complained about “features” in ASP.NET. Although there’s a very good technical reason for these unique generated ids - they guarantee unique ids for each and every server control on a page - these unique and generated ids often get in the way of client-side JavaScript development and CSS styling as it’s often inconvenient and fragile to work with the long, generated ClientIDs. In ASP.NET 4.0 you can now specify an explicit client id mode on each control or each naming container parent control to control how client ids are generated. By default, ASP.NET generates mangled client ids for any control contained in a naming container (like a Master Page, or a User Control for example). The key to ClientID management in ASP.NET 4.0 are the new ClientIDMode and ClientIDRowSuffix properties. ClientIDMode supports four different ClientID generation settings shown below. For the following examples, imagine that you have a Textbox control named txtName inside of a master page control container on a WebForms page. <%@Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master" CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs" Inherits="WebApplication1.WebForm2" %> <asp:Content ID="content" ContentPlaceHolderID="content" runat="server" ClientIDMode="Static" > <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtName" /> </asp:Content> The four available ClientIDMode values are: AutoID This is the existing behavior in ASP.NET 1.x-3.x where full naming container munging takes place. <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="ctl00_content_txtName" /> This should be familiar to any ASP.NET developer and results in fairly unpredictable client ids that can easily change if the containership hierarchy changes. For example, removing the master page changes the name in this case, so if you were to move a block of script code that works against the control to a non-Master page, the script code immediately breaks. Static This option is the most deterministic setting that forces the control’s ClientID to use its ID value directly. No naming container naming at all is applied and you end up with clean client ids: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="txtName" /> Note that the name property which is used for postback variables to the server still is munged, but the ClientID property is displayed simply as the ID value that you have assigned to the control. This option is what most of us want to use, but you have to be clear on that because it can potentially cause conflicts with other controls on the page. If there are several instances of the same naming container (several instances of the same user control for example) there can easily be a client id naming conflict. Note that if you assign Static to a data-bound control, like a list child control in templates, you do not get unique ids either, so for list controls where you rely on unique id for child controls, you’ll probably want to use Predictable rather than Static. I’ll write more on this a little later when I discuss ClientIDRowSuffix. Predictable The previous two values are pretty self-explanatory. Predictable however, requires some explanation. To me at least it’s not in the least bit predictable. MSDN defines this value as follows: This algorithm is used for controls that are in data-bound controls. The ClientID value is generated by concatenating the ClientID value of the parent naming container with the ID value of the control. If the control is a data-bound control that generates multiple rows, the value of the data field specified in the ClientIDRowSuffix property is added at the end. For the GridView control, multiple data fields can be specified. If the ClientIDRowSuffix property is blank, a sequential number is added at the end instead of a data-field value. Each segment is separated by an underscore character (_). The key that makes this value a bit confusing is that it relies on the parent NamingContainer’s ClientID to build its own ClientID value. This effectively means that the value is not predictable at all but rather very tightly coupled to the parent naming container’s ClientIDMode setting. For my simple textbox example, if the ClientIDMode property of the parent naming container (Page in this case) is set to “Predictable” you’ll get this: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="content_txtName" /> which gives an id that based on walking up to the currently active naming container (the MasterPage content container) and starting the id formatting from there downward. Think of this as a semi unique name that’s guaranteed unique only for the naming container. If, on the other hand, the Page is set to “AutoID” you get the following with Predictable on txtName: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="ctl00_content_txtName" /> The latter is effectively the same as if you specified AutoID because it inherits the AutoID naming from the Page and Content Master Page control of the page. But again - predictable behavior always depends on the parent naming container and how it generates its id, so the id may not always be exactly the same as the AutoID generated value because somewhere in the NamingContainer chain the ClientIDMode setting may be set to a different value. For example, if you had another naming container in the middle that was set to Static you’d end up effectively with an id that starts with the NamingContainers id rather than the whole ctl000_content munging. The most common use for Predictable is likely to be for data-bound controls, which results in each data bound item getting a unique ClientID. Unfortunately, even here the behavior can be very unpredictable depending on which data-bound control you use - I found significant differences in how template controls in a GridView behave from those that are used in a ListView control. For example, GridView creates clean child ClientIDs, while ListView still has a naming container in the ClientID, presumably because of the template container on which you can’t set ClientIDMode. Predictable is useful, but only if all naming containers down the chain use this setting. Otherwise you’re right back to the munged ids that are pretty unpredictable. Another property, ClientIDRowSuffix, can be used in combination with ClientIDMode of Predictable to force a suffix onto list client controls. For example: <asp:GridView runat="server" ID="gvItems" AutoGenerateColumns="false" ClientIDMode="Static" ClientIDRowSuffix="Id"> <Columns> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label runat="server" id="txtName" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>' ClientIDMode="Predictable"/> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label runat="server" id="txtId" Text='<%# Eval("Id") %>' ClientIDMode="Predictable" /> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:GridView> generates client Ids inside of a column in the master page described earlier: <td> <span id="txtName_0">Rick</span> </td> where the value after the underscore is the ClientIDRowSuffix field - in this case “Id” of the item data bound to the control. Note that all of the child controls require ClientIDMode=”Predictable” in order for the ClientIDRowSuffix to be applied, and the parent GridView controls need to be set to Static either explicitly or via Naming Container inheritance to give these simple names. It’s a bummer that ClientIDRowSuffix doesn’t work with Static to produce this automatically. Another real problem is that other controls process the ClientIDMode differently. For example, a ListView control processes the Predictable ClientIDMode differently and produces the following with the Static ListView and Predictable child controls: <span id="ctrl0_txtName_0">Rick</span> I couldn’t even figure out a way using ClientIDMode to get a simple ID that also uses a suffix short of falling back to manually generated ids using <%= %> expressions instead. Given the inconsistencies inside of list controls using <%= %>, ids for the ListView might not be a bad idea anyway. Inherit The final setting is Inherit, which is the default for all controls except Page. This means that controls by default inherit the parent naming container’s ClientIDMode setting. For more detailed information on ClientID behavior and different scenarios you can check out a blog post of mine on this subject: http://www.west-wind.com/weblog/posts/54760.aspx. ClientID Enhancements Summary The ClientIDMode property is a welcome addition to ASP.NET 4.0. To me this is probably the most useful WebForms feature as it allows me to generate clean IDs simply by setting ClientIDMode="Static" on either the page or inside of Web.config (in the Pages section) which applies the setting down to the entire page which is my 95% scenario. For the few cases when it matters - for list controls and inside of multi-use user controls or custom server controls) - I can use Predictable or even AutoID to force controls to unique names. For application-level page development, this is easy to accomplish and provides maximum usability for working with client script code against page controls. ViewStateMode Another area of large criticism for WebForms is ViewState. ViewState is used internally by ASP.NET to persist page-level changes to non-postback properties on controls as pages post back to the server. It’s a useful mechanism that works great for the overall mechanics of WebForms, but it can also cause all sorts of overhead for page operation as ViewState can very quickly get out of control and consume huge amounts of bandwidth in your page content. ViewState can also wreak havoc with client-side scripting applications that modify control properties that are tracked by ViewState, which can produce very unpredictable results on a Postback after client-side updates. Over the years in my own development, I’ve often turned off ViewState on pages to reduce overhead. Yes, you lose some functionality, but you can easily implement most of the common functionality in non-ViewState workarounds. Relying less on heavy ViewState controls and sticking with simpler controls or raw HTML constructs avoids getting around ViewState problems. In ASP.NET 3.x and prior, it wasn’t easy to control ViewState - you could turn it on or off and if you turned it off at the page or web.config level, you couldn’t turn it back on for specific controls. In short, it was an all or nothing approach. With ASP.NET 4.0, the new ViewStateMode property gives you more control. It allows you to disable ViewState globally either on the page or web.config level and then turn it back on for specific controls that might need it. ViewStateMode only works when EnableViewState="true" on the page or web.config level (which is the default). You can then use ViewStateMode of Disabled, Enabled or Inherit to control the ViewState settings on the page. If you’re shooting for minimal ViewState usage, the ideal situation is to set ViewStateMode to disabled on the Page or web.config level and only turn it back on particular controls: <%@Page Language="C#" CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs" Inherits="Westwind.WebStore.WebForm2" ClientIDMode="Static" ViewStateMode="Disabled" EnableViewState="true" %>  <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtName" ViewStateMode="Enabled" />  <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtAddress" /> Note that the EnableViewState="true" at the Page level isn’t required since it’s the default, but it’s important that the value is true. ViewStateMode has no effect if EnableViewState="false" at the page level. The main benefit of ViewStateMode is that it allows you to more easily turn off ViewState for most of the page and enable only a few key controls that might need it. For me personally, this is a perfect combination as most of my WebForm apps can get away without any ViewState at all. But some controls - especially third party controls - often don’t work well without ViewState enabled, and now it’s much easier to selectively enable controls rather than the old way, which required you to pretty much turn off ViewState for all controls that you didn’t want ViewState on. Inline HTML Encoding HTML encoding is an important feature to prevent cross-site scripting attacks in data entered by users on your site. In order to make it easier to create HTML encoded content, ASP.NET 4.0 introduces a new Expression syntax using <%: %> to encode string values. The encoding expression syntax looks like this: <%: "<script type='text/javascript'>" + "alert('Really?');</script>" %> which produces properly encoded HTML: <script type='text/javascript' >alert('Really?');</script> Effectively this is a shortcut to: <%= HttpUtility.HtmlEncode( "<script type='text/javascript'>" + "alert('Really?');</script>") %> Of course the <%: %> syntax can also evaluate expressions just like <%= %> so the more common scenario applies this expression syntax against data your application is displaying. Here’s an example displaying some data model values: <%: Model.Address.Street %> This snippet shows displaying data from your application’s data store or more importantly, from data entered by users. Anything that makes it easier and less verbose to HtmlEncode text is a welcome addition to avoid potential cross-site scripting attacks. Although I listed Inline HTML Encoding here under WebForms, anything that uses the WebForms rendering engine including ASP.NET MVC, benefits from this feature. ScriptManager Enhancements The ASP.NET ScriptManager control in the past has introduced some nice ways to take programmatic and markup control over script loading, but there were a number of shortcomings in this control. The ASP.NET 4.0 ScriptManager has a number of improvements that make it easier to control script loading and addresses a few of the shortcomings that have often kept me from using the control in favor of manual script loading. The first is the AjaxFrameworkMode property which finally lets you suppress loading the ASP.NET AJAX runtime. Disabled doesn’t load any ASP.NET AJAX libraries, but there’s also an Explicit mode that lets you pick and choose the library pieces individually and reduce the footprint of ASP.NET AJAX script included if you are using the library. There’s also a new EnableCdn property that forces any script that has a new WebResource attribute CdnPath property set to a CDN supplied URL. If the script has this Attribute property set to a non-null/empty value and EnableCdn is enabled on the ScriptManager, that script will be served from the specified CdnPath. [assembly: WebResource( "Westwind.Web.Resources.ww.jquery.js", "application/x-javascript", CdnPath = "http://mysite.com/scripts/ww.jquery.min.js")] Cool, but a little too static for my taste since this value can’t be changed at runtime to point at a debug script as needed, for example. Assembly names for loading scripts from resources can now be simple names rather than fully qualified assembly names, which make it less verbose to reference scripts from assemblies loaded from your bin folder or the assembly reference area in web.config: <asp:ScriptManager runat="server" id="Id" EnableCdn="true" AjaxFrameworkMode="disabled"> <Scripts> <asp:ScriptReference Name="Westwind.Web.Resources.ww.jquery.js" Assembly="Westwind.Web" /> </Scripts> </asp:ScriptManager> The ScriptManager in 4.0 also supports script combining via the CompositeScript tag, which allows you to very easily combine scripts into a single script resource served via ASP.NET. Even nicer: You can specify the URL that the combined script is served with. Check out the following script manager markup that combines several static file scripts and a script resource into a single ASP.NET served resource from a static URL (allscripts.js): <asp:ScriptManager runat="server" id="Id" EnableCdn="true" AjaxFrameworkMode="disabled"> <CompositeScript Path="~/scripts/allscripts.js"> <Scripts> <asp:ScriptReference Path="~/scripts/jquery.js" /> <asp:ScriptReference Path="~/scripts/ww.jquery.js" /> <asp:ScriptReference Name="Westwind.Web.Resources.editors.js" Assembly="Westwind.Web" /> </Scripts> </CompositeScript> </asp:ScriptManager> When you render this into HTML, you’ll see a single script reference in the page: <script src="scripts/allscripts.debug.js" type="text/javascript"></script> All you need to do to make this work is ensure that allscripts.js and allscripts.debug.js exist in the scripts folder of your application - they can be empty but the file has to be there. This is pretty cool, but you want to be real careful that you use unique URLs for each combination of scripts you combine or else browser and server caching will easily screw you up royally. The script manager also allows you to override native ASP.NET AJAX scripts now as any script references defined in the Scripts section of the ScriptManager trump internal references. So if you want custom behavior or you want to fix a possible bug in the core libraries that normally are loaded from resources, you can now do this simply by referencing the script resource name in the Name property and pointing at System.Web for the assembly. Not a common scenario, but when you need it, it can come in real handy. Still, there are a number of shortcomings in this control. For one, the ScriptManager and ClientScript APIs still have no common entry point so control developers are still faced with having to check and support both APIs to load scripts so that controls can work on pages that do or don’t have a ScriptManager on the page. The CdnUrl is static and compiled in, which is very restrictive. And finally, there’s still no control over where scripts get loaded on the page - ScriptManager still injects scripts into the middle of the HTML markup rather than in the header or optionally the footer. This, in turn, means there is little control over script loading order, which can be problematic for control developers. MetaDescription, MetaKeywords Page Properties There are also a number of additional Page properties that correspond to some of the other features discussed in this column: ClientIDMode, ClientTarget and ViewStateMode. Another minor but useful feature is that you can now directly access the MetaDescription and MetaKeywords properties on the Page object to set the corresponding meta tags programmatically. Updating these values programmatically previously required either <%= %> expressions in the page markup or dynamic insertion of literal controls into the page. You can now just set these properties programmatically on the Page object in any Control derived class on the page or the Page itself: Page.MetaKeywords = "ASP.NET,4.0,New Features"; Page.MetaDescription = "This article discusses the new features in ASP.NET 4.0"; Note, that there’s no corresponding ASP.NET tag for the HTML Meta element, so the only way to specify these values in markup and access them is via the @Page tag: <%@Page Language="C#" CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs" Inherits="Westwind.WebStore.WebForm2" ClientIDMode="Static" MetaDescription="Article that discusses what's new in ASP.NET 4.0" MetaKeywords="ASP.NET,4.0,New Features" %> Nothing earth shattering but quite convenient. Visual Studio 2010 Enhancements for Web Development For Web development there are also a host of editor enhancements in Visual Studio 2010. Some of these are not Web specific but they are useful for Web developers in general. Text Editors Throughout Visual Studio 2010, the text editors have all been updated to a new core engine based on WPF which provides some interesting new features for various code editors including the nice ability to zoom in and out with Ctrl-MouseWheel to quickly change the size of text. There are many more API options to control the editor and although Visual Studio 2010 doesn’t yet use many of these features, we can look forward to enhancements in add-ins and future editor updates from the various language teams that take advantage of the visual richness that WPF provides to editing. On the negative side, I’ve noticed that occasionally the code editor and especially the HTML and JavaScript editors will lose the ability to use various navigation keys like arrows, back and delete keys, which requires closing and reopening the documents at times. This issue seems to be well documented so I suspect this will be addressed soon with a hotfix or within the first service pack. Overall though, the code editors work very well, especially given that they were re-written completely using WPF, which was one of my big worries when I first heard about the complete redesign of the editors. Multi-Targeting Visual Studio now targets all versions of the .NET framework from 2.0 forward. You can use Visual Studio 2010 to work on your ASP.NET 2, 3.0 and 3.5 applications which is a nice way to get your feet wet with the new development environment without having to make changes to existing applications. It’s nice to have one tool to work in for all the different versions. Multi-Monitor Support One cool feature of Visual Studio 2010 is the ability to drag windows out of the Visual Studio environment and out onto the desktop including onto another monitor easily. Since Web development often involves working with a host of designers at the same time - visual designer, HTML markup window, code behind and JavaScript editor - it’s really nice to be able to have a little more screen real estate to work on each of these editors. Microsoft made a welcome change in the environment. IntelliSense Snippets for HTML and JavaScript Editors The HTML and JavaScript editors now finally support IntelliSense scripts to create macro-based template expansions that have been in the core C# and Visual Basic code editors since Visual Studio 2005. Snippets allow you to create short XML-based template definitions that can act as static macros or real templates that can have replaceable values that can be embedded into the expanded text. The XML syntax for these snippets is straight forward and it’s pretty easy to create custom snippets manually. You can easily create snippets using XML and store them in your custom snippets folder (C:\Users\rstrahl\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Code Snippets\Visual Web Developer\My HTML Snippets and My JScript Snippets), but it helps to use one of the third-party tools that exist to simplify the process for you. I use SnippetEditor, by Bill McCarthy, which makes short work of creating snippets interactively (http://snippeteditor.codeplex.com/). Note: You may have to manually add the Visual Studio 2010 User specific Snippet folders to this tool to see existing ones you’ve created. Code snippets are some of the biggest time savers and HTML editing more than anything deals with lots of repetitive tasks that lend themselves to text expansion. Visual Studio 2010 includes a slew of built-in snippets (that you can also customize!) and you can create your own very easily. If you haven’t done so already, I encourage you to spend a little time examining your coding patterns and find the repetitive code that you write and convert it into snippets. I’ve been using CodeRush for this for years, but now you can do much of the basic expansion natively for HTML and JavaScript snippets. jQuery Integration Is Now Native jQuery is a popular JavaScript library and recently Microsoft has recently stated that it will become the primary client-side scripting technology to drive higher level script functionality in various ASP.NET Web projects that Microsoft provides. In Visual Studio 2010, the default full project template includes jQuery as part of a new project including the support files that provide IntelliSense (-vsdoc files). IntelliSense support for jQuery is now also baked into Visual Studio 2010, so unlike Visual Studio 2008 which required a separate download, no further installs are required for a rich IntelliSense experience with jQuery. Summary ASP.NET 4.0 brings many useful improvements to the platform, but thankfully most of the changes are incremental changes that don’t compromise backwards compatibility and they allow developers to ease into the new features one feature at a time. None of the changes in ASP.NET 4.0 or Visual Studio 2010 are monumental or game changers. The bigger features are language and .NET Framework changes that are also optional. This ASP.NET and tools release feels more like fine tuning and getting some long-standing kinks worked out of the platform. It shows that the ASP.NET team is dedicated to paying attention to community feedback and responding with changes to the platform and development environment based on this feedback. If you haven’t gotten your feet wet with ASP.NET 4.0 and Visual Studio 2010, there’s no reason not to give it a shot now - the ASP.NET 4.0 platform is solid and Visual Studio 2010 works very well for a brand new release. Check it out. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET

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How should I define a composite foreign key for domain constraints in the presence of surrogate keys

- by Samuel Danielson

I am writing a new app with Rails so I have an id column on every table. What is the best practice for enforcing domain constraints using foreign keys? I'll outline my thoughts and frustration. Here's what I would imagine as "The Rails Way". It's what I started with. Companies: id: integer, serial company_code: char, unique, not null Invoices: id: integer, serial company_id: integer, not null Products: id: integer, serial sku: char, unique, not null company_id: integer, not null LineItems: id: integer, serial invoice_id: integer, not null, references Invoices (id) product_id: integer, not null, references Products (id) The problem with this is that a product from one company might appear on an invoice for a different company. I added a (company_id: integer, not null) to LineItems, sort of like I'd do if only using natural keys and serials, then added a composite foreign key. LineItems (product_id, company_id) references Products (id, company_id) LineItems (invoice_id, company_id) references Invoices (id, company_id) This properly constrains LineItems to a single company but it seems over-engineered and wrong. company_id in LineItems is extraneous because the surrogate foreign keys are already unique in the foreign table. Postgres requires that I add a unique index for the referenced attributes so I am creating a unique index on (id, company_id) in Products and Invoices, even though id is simply unique. The following table with natural keys and a serial invoice number would not have these issues. LineItems: company_code: char, not null sku: char, not null invoice_id: integer, not null I can ignore the surrogate keys in the LineItems table but this also seems wrong. Why make the database join on char when it has an integer already there to use? Also, doing it exactly like the above would require me to add company_code, a natural foreign key, to Products and Invoices. The compromise... LineItems: company_id: integer, not null sku: integer, not null invoice_id: integer, not null does not require natural foreign keys in other tables but it is still joining on char when there is a integer available. Is there a clean way to enforce domain constraints with foreign keys like God intended, but in the presence of surrogates, without turning the schema and indexes into a complicated mess?

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Optimized OCR black/white pixel algorithm

- by eagle

I am writing a simple OCR solution for a finite set of characters. That is, I know the exact way all 26 letters in the alphabet will look like. I am using C# and am able to easily determine if a given pixel should be treated as black or white. I am generating a matrix of black/white pixels for every single character. So for example, the letter I (capital i), might look like the following: 01110 00100 00100 00100 01110 Note: all points, which I use later in this post, assume that the top left pixel is (0, 0), bottom right pixel is (4, 4). 1's represent black pixels, and 0's represent white pixels. I would create a corresponding matrix in C# like this: CreateLetter("I", new List<List<bool>>() { new List<bool>() { false, true, true, true, false }, new List<bool>() { false, false, true, false, false }, new List<bool>() { false, false, true, false, false }, new List<bool>() { false, false, true, false, false }, new List<bool>() { false, true, true, true, false } }); I know I could probably optimize this part by using a multi-dimensional array instead, but let's ignore that for now, this is for illustrative purposes. Every letter is exactly the same dimensions, 10px by 11px (10px by 11px is the actual dimensions of a character in my real program. I simplified this to 5px by 5px in this posting since it is much easier to "draw" the letters using 0's and 1's on a smaller image). Now when I give it a 10px by 11px part of an image to analyze with OCR, it would need to run on every single letter (26) on every single pixel (10 * 11 = 110) which would mean 2,860 (26 * 110) iterations (in the worst case) for every single character. I was thinking this could be optimized by defining the unique characteristics of every character. So, for example, let's assume that the set of characters only consists of 5 distinct letters: I, A, O, B, and L. These might look like the following: 01110 00100 00100 01100 01000 00100 01010 01010 01010 01000 00100 01110 01010 01100 01000 00100 01010 01010 01010 01000 01110 01010 00100 01100 01110 After analyzing the unique characteristics of every character, I can significantly reduce the number of tests that need to be performed to test for a character. For example, for the "I" character, I could define it's unique characteristics as having a black pixel in the coordinate (3, 0) since no other characters have that pixel as black. So instead of testing 110 pixels for a match on the "I" character, I reduced it to a 1 pixel test. This is what it might look like for all these characters: var LetterI = new OcrLetter() { Name = "I", BlackPixels = new List<Point>() { new Point (3, 0) } } var LetterA = new OcrLetter() { Name = "A", WhitePixels = new List<Point>() { new Point(2, 4) } } var LetterO = new OcrLetter() { Name = "O", BlackPixels = new List<Point>() { new Point(3, 2) }, WhitePixels = new List<Point>() { new Point(2, 2) } } var LetterB = new OcrLetter() { Name = "B", BlackPixels = new List<Point>() { new Point(3, 1) }, WhitePixels = new List<Point>() { new Point(3, 2) } } var LetterL = new OcrLetter() { Name = "L", BlackPixels = new List<Point>() { new Point(1, 1), new Point(3, 4) }, WhitePixels = new List<Point>() { new Point(2, 2) } } This is challenging to do manually for 5 characters and gets much harder the greater the amount of letters that are added. You also want to guarantee that you have the minimum set of unique characteristics of a letter since you want it to be optimized as much as possible. I want to create an algorithm that will identify the unique characteristics of all the letters and would generate similar code to that above. I would then use this optimized black/white matrix to identify characters. How do I take the 26 letters that have all their black/white pixels filled in (e.g. the CreateLetter code block) and convert them to an optimized set of unique characteristics that define a letter (e.g. the new OcrLetter() code block)? And how would I guarantee that it is the most efficient definition set of unique characteristics (e.g. instead of defining 6 points as the unique characteristics, there might be a way to do it with 1 or 2 points, as the letter "I" in my example was able to). An alternative solution I've come up with is using a hash table, which will reduce it from 2,860 iterations to 110 iterations, a 26 time reduction. This is how it might work: I would populate it with data similar to the following: Letters["01110 00100 00100 00100 01110"] = "I"; Letters["00100 01010 01110 01010 01010"] = "A"; Letters["00100 01010 01010 01010 00100"] = "O"; Letters["01100 01010 01100 01010 01100"] = "B"; Now when I reach a location in the image to process, I convert it to a string such as: "01110 00100 00100 00100 01110" and simply find it in the hash table. This solution seems very simple, however, this still requires 110 iterations to generate this string for each letter. In big O notation, the algorithm is the same since O(110N) = O(2860N) = O(N) for N letters to process on the page. However, it is still improved by a constant factor of 26, a significant improvement (e.g. instead of it taking 26 minutes, it would take 1 minute). Update: Most of the solutions provided so far have not addressed the issue of identifying the unique characteristics of a character and rather provide alternative solutions. I am still looking for this solution which, as far as I can tell, is the only way to achieve the fastest OCR processing. I just came up with a partial solution: For each pixel, in the grid, store the letters that have it as a black pixel. Using these letters: I A O B L 01110 00100 00100 01100 01000 00100 01010 01010 01010 01000 00100 01110 01010 01100 01000 00100 01010 01010 01010 01000 01110 01010 00100 01100 01110 You would have something like this: CreatePixel(new Point(0, 0), new List<Char>() { }); CreatePixel(new Point(1, 0), new List<Char>() { 'I', 'B', 'L' }); CreatePixel(new Point(2, 0), new List<Char>() { 'I', 'A', 'O', 'B' }); CreatePixel(new Point(3, 0), new List<Char>() { 'I' }); CreatePixel(new Point(4, 0), new List<Char>() { }); CreatePixel(new Point(0, 1), new List<Char>() { }); CreatePixel(new Point(1, 1), new List<Char>() { 'A', 'B', 'L' }); CreatePixel(new Point(2, 1), new List<Char>() { 'I' }); CreatePixel(new Point(3, 1), new List<Char>() { 'A', 'O', 'B' }); // ... CreatePixel(new Point(2, 2), new List<Char>() { 'I', 'A', 'B' }); CreatePixel(new Point(3, 2), new List<Char>() { 'A', 'O' }); // ... CreatePixel(new Point(2, 4), new List<Char>() { 'I', 'O', 'B', 'L' }); CreatePixel(new Point(3, 4), new List<Char>() { 'I', 'A', 'L' }); CreatePixel(new Point(4, 4), new List<Char>() { }); Now for every letter, in order to find the unique characteristics, you need to look at which buckets it belongs to, as well as the amount of other characters in the bucket. So let's take the example of "I". We go to all the buckets it belongs to (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; ...; 3,4) and see that the one with the least amount of other characters is (3,0). In fact, it only has 1 character, meaning it must be an "I" in this case, and we found our unique characteristic. You can also do the same for pixels that would be white. Notice that bucket (2,0) contains all the letters except for "L", this means that it could be used as a white pixel test. Similarly, (2,4) doesn't contain an 'A'. Buckets that either contain all the letters or none of the letters can be discarded immediately, since these pixels can't help define a unique characteristic (e.g. 1,1; 4,0; 0,1; 4,4). It gets trickier when you don't have a 1 pixel test for a letter, for example in the case of 'O' and 'B'. Let's walk through the test for 'O'... It's contained in the following buckets: // Bucket Count Letters // 2,0 4 I, A, O, B // 3,1 3 A, O, B // 3,2 2 A, O // 2,4 4 I, O, B, L Additionally, we also have a few white pixel tests that can help: (I only listed those that are missing at most 2). The Missing Count was calculated as (5 - Bucket.Count). // Bucket Missing Count Missing Letters // 1,0 2 A, O // 1,1 2 I, O // 2,2 2 O, L // 3,4 2 O, B So now we can take the shortest black pixel bucket (3,2) and see that when we test for (3,2) we know it is either an 'A' or an 'O'. So we need an easy way to tell the difference between an 'A' and an 'O'. We could either look for a black pixel bucket that contains 'O' but not 'A' (e.g. 2,4) or a white pixel bucket that contains an 'O' but not an 'A' (e.g. 1,1). Either of these could be used in combination with the (3,2) pixel to uniquely identify the letter 'O' with only 2 tests. This seems like a simple algorithm when there are 5 characters, but how would I do this when there are 26 letters and a lot more pixels overlapping? For example, let's say that after the (3,2) pixel test, it found 10 different characters that contain the pixel (and this was the least from all the buckets). Now I need to find differences from 9 other characters instead of only 1 other character. How would I achieve my goal of getting the least amount of checks as possible, and ensure that I am not running extraneous tests?

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How to find the insertion point in an array using binary search?

- by ????

The basic idea of binary search in an array is simple, but it might return an "approximate" index if the search fails to find the exact item. (we might sometimes get back an index for which the value is larger or smaller than the searched value). For looking for the exact insertion point, it seems that after we got the approximate location, we might need to "scan" to left or right for the exact insertion location, so that, say, in Ruby, we can do arr.insert(exact_index, value) I have the following solution, but the handling for the part when begin_index >= end_index is a bit messy. I wonder if a more elegant solution can be used? (this solution doesn't care to scan for multiple matches if an exact match is found, so the index returned for an exact match may point to any index that correspond to the value... but I think if they are all integers, we can always search for a - 1 after we know an exact match is found, to find the left boundary, or search for a + 1 for the right boundary.) My solution: DEBUGGING = true def binary_search_helper(arr, a, begin_index, end_index) middle_index = (begin_index + end_index) / 2 puts "a = #{a}, arr[middle_index] = #{arr[middle_index]}, " + "begin_index = #{begin_index}, end_index = #{end_index}, " + "middle_index = #{middle_index}" if DEBUGGING if arr[middle_index] == a return middle_index elsif begin_index >= end_index index = [begin_index, end_index].min return index if a < arr[index] && index >= 0 #careful because -1 means end of array index = [begin_index, end_index].max return index if a < arr[index] && index >= 0 return index + 1 elsif a > arr[middle_index] return binary_search_helper(arr, a, middle_index + 1, end_index) else return binary_search_helper(arr, a, begin_index, middle_index - 1) end end # for [1,3,5,7,9], searching for 6 will return index for 7 for insertion # if exact match is found, then return that index def binary_search(arr, a) puts "\nSearching for #{a} in #{arr}" if DEBUGGING return 0 if arr.empty? result = binary_search_helper(arr, a, 0, arr.length - 1) puts "the result is #{result}, the index for value #{arr[result].inspect}" if DEBUGGING return result end arr = [1,3,5,7,9] b = 6 arr.insert(binary_search(arr, b), b) p arr arr = [1,3,5,7,9,11] b = 6 arr.insert(binary_search(arr, b), b) p arr arr = [1,3,5,7,9] b = 60 arr.insert(binary_search(arr, b), b) p arr arr = [1,3,5,7,9,11] b = 60 arr.insert(binary_search(arr, b), b) p arr arr = [1,3,5,7,9] b = -60 arr.insert(binary_search(arr, b), b) p arr arr = [1,3,5,7,9,11] b = -60 arr.insert(binary_search(arr, b), b) p arr arr = [1] b = -60 arr.insert(binary_search(arr, b), b) p arr arr = [1] b = 60 arr.insert(binary_search(arr, b), b) p arr arr = [] b = 60 arr.insert(binary_search(arr, b), b) p arr and result: Searching for 6 in [1, 3, 5, 7, 9] a = 6, arr[middle_index] = 5, begin_index = 0, end_index = 4, middle_index = 2 a = 6, arr[middle_index] = 7, begin_index = 3, end_index = 4, middle_index = 3 a = 6, arr[middle_index] = 5, begin_index = 3, end_index = 2, middle_index = 2 the result is 3, the index for value 7 [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9] Searching for 6 in [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] a = 6, arr[middle_index] = 5, begin_index = 0, end_index = 5, middle_index = 2 a = 6, arr[middle_index] = 9, begin_index = 3, end_index = 5, middle_index = 4 a = 6, arr[middle_index] = 7, begin_index = 3, end_index = 3, middle_index = 3 the result is 3, the index for value 7 [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11] Searching for 60 in [1, 3, 5, 7, 9] a = 60, arr[middle_index] = 5, begin_index = 0, end_index = 4, middle_index = 2 a = 60, arr[middle_index] = 7, begin_index = 3, end_index = 4, middle_index = 3 a = 60, arr[middle_index] = 9, begin_index = 4, end_index = 4, middle_index = 4 the result is 5, the index for value nil [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 60] Searching for 60 in [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] a = 60, arr[middle_index] = 5, begin_index = 0, end_index = 5, middle_index = 2 a = 60, arr[middle_index] = 9, begin_index = 3, end_index = 5, middle_index = 4 a = 60, arr[middle_index] = 11, begin_index = 5, end_index = 5, middle_index = 5 the result is 6, the index for value nil [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 60] Searching for -60 in [1, 3, 5, 7, 9] a = -60, arr[middle_index] = 5, begin_index = 0, end_index = 4, middle_index = 2 a = -60, arr[middle_index] = 1, begin_index = 0, end_index = 1, middle_index = 0 a = -60, arr[middle_index] = 9, begin_index = 0, end_index = -1, middle_index = -1 the result is 0, the index for value 1 [-60, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9] Searching for -60 in [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] a = -60, arr[middle_index] = 5, begin_index = 0, end_index = 5, middle_index = 2 a = -60, arr[middle_index] = 1, begin_index = 0, end_index = 1, middle_index = 0 a = -60, arr[middle_index] = 11, begin_index = 0, end_index = -1, middle_index = -1 the result is 0, the index for value 1 [-60, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] Searching for -60 in [1] a = -60, arr[middle_index] = 1, begin_index = 0, end_index = 0, middle_index = 0 the result is 0, the index for value 1 [-60, 1] Searching for 60 in [1] a = 60, arr[middle_index] = 1, begin_index = 0, end_index = 0, middle_index = 0 the result is 1, the index for value nil [1, 60] Searching for 60 in [] [60]

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Delphi - TPerlRegEx / RegExBuddy Problem

- by Brad

I've got a problem with RegEx and Delphi 2k9 (Win32). I get the following Error: First chance exception at $7C812AFB. Exception class Exception with message 'TPerlRegEx.Compile() - Please specify a regular expression in RegEx first'. I've got the latest version of TPerlRegEx from the website. Using its defualt settings (Using DLL) I'm including demo source code. It's using the code generated by RegExBuddy, latest version. http://www.4shared.com/file/236428923/97478b61/googleresultstestdata.html http://www.4shared.com/file/236439483/e0acbe6d/Unit2.html Delphi FORM http://www.4shared.com/file/236439473/6734a2a2/Unit2.html Delphi PAS Thanks for any help -Brad Data is from Google External Keyword Tool RegEx could use some refinement... but works in RegExBuddy not in Delphi unit Unit2; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, PerlRegEx; type TForm2 = class(TForm) Memo1: TMemo; Memo2: TMemo; Button1: TButton; procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var Form2: TForm2; implementation {$R *.dfm} procedure TForm2.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var Regex: TPerlRegEx; GroupIndex: Integer; begin Regex := TPerlRegEx.Create(nil); Regex.RegEx := 'criteria.push(new kpCriterion('(?P(.?))', (?P(.?)),'#13#10'''(?P(.?))'', ''(?P(.?))'', (?P(.?)), (?P(.?)), (.+)'#13#10','#13#10''\$(?P(.?))', (?P(.?)),'#13#10''(?P(.?))', (?P(.*+))'; Regex.Options := [preMultiLine]; Regex.Subject := memo1.text; if Regex.Match then begin memo2.Lines.Add('Matches Found'); repeat for GroupIndex := 0 to Regex.SubExpressionCount do begin memo2.lines.add( Regex.SubExpressions[GroupIndex]); //Add Results to memo // backreference text: Regex.SubExpressions[GroupIndex]; // backreference start: Regex.SubExpressionOffsets[GroupIndex]; // backreference length: Regex.SubExpressionLengths[GroupIndex]; end; until not Regex.MatchAgain; end else memo2.Lines.Add('No-Matches Found'); end; end. DFM object Form2: TForm2 Left = 0 Top = 0 Caption = 'Form2' ClientHeight = 247 ClientWidth = 480 Color = clBtnFace Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET Font.Color = clWindowText Font.Height = -11 Font.Name = 'Tahoma' Font.Style = [] OldCreateOrder = False PixelsPerInch = 96 TextHeight = 13 object Memo1: TMemo Left = 8 Top = 8 Width = 185 Height = 89 Lines.Strings = ( 'var showImpressions = false; var ' 'criteriaSuggestor = ' ''sensei_keyword'; var ' 'historicalTimePeriod = 'Mar ' '2009 - Feb 2010'; var ' 'historicalStartMonth = 2; var ' 'impressionTimePeriod = ' ''February'; var ' 'criteriaGroupsArray = new Array(); ' 'var captchaError = false; var ' 'quotaExceeded = false;' 'var criteria = new Array();' 'var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.43' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.4' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('thunderstorm' '9;, 1.9117305278778076,' #39'201,000'#39', '#39'550,000'#39', 201000, ' '550000, 0.8666667' ',' ''$0.49', 493102,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.42' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.46' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.43' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.36' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.43' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[thunderstorm]&' '#39;, 1.9117305278778076,' #39'33,100'#39', '#39'90,500'#39', 33100, 90500, ' '0.8666667' ',' ''$0.49', 493102,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '3' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.43' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.4' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42thunderstorm\' '042', 1.9117305278778076,' #39'201,000'#39', '#39'450,000'#39', 201000, ' '450000, 0.8666667' ',' ''$0.49', 493102,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.64' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.56' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.53' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.58' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('thunderstorms&#' '39;, 1.8268921375274658,' #39'110,000'#39', '#39'201,000'#39', 110000, ' '201000, 0.8' ',' ''$0.56', 559074,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.83' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.42' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.41' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.56' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.39' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.51' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[thunderstorms]&' '#39;, 1.8268921375274658,' #39'22,200'#39', '#39'40,500'#39', 22200, 40500, ' '0.8' ',' ''$0.56', 559074,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.64' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.56' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.53' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.58' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42thunderstorms' '\042', 1.8268921375274658,' #39'110,000'#39', '#39'165,000'#39', 110000, ' '165000, 0.8' ',' ''$0.56', 559074,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.71' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.92' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.79' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('lightning ' 'storm', 1.774579644203186,' #39'49,500'#39', '#39'90,500'#39', 49500, 90500, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.54', 535666,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.76' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.97' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.98' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.84' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.86' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[lightning ' 'storm]', 1.774579644203186,' #39'12,100'#39', '#39'22,200'#39', 12100, 22200, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.54', 535666,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.72' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.85' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.92' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.71' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.65' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.76' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42lightning ' 'storm\042', ' '1.774579644203186,' #39'33,100'#39', '#39'60,500'#39', 33100, 60500, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.54', 535666,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.71' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.66' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.79' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.74' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.72' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('rain storm', ' '1.7464053630828857,' #39'27,100'#39', '#39'49,500'#39', 27100, 49500, ' '0.6666667' ',' ''$0.53', 526334,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '0' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.79' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.55' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.74' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.76' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.89' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[rain ' 'storm]', ' '1.7464053630828857,' #39'5,400'#39', '#39'8,100'#39', 5400, 8100, ' '0.6666667' ',' ''$0.53', 526334,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '2' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.72' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.62' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.59' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.66' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42rain ' 'storm\042', ' '1.7464053630828857,' #39'14,800'#39', '#39'27,100'#39', 14800, 27100, ' '0.6666667' ',' ''$0.53', 526334,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '0' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.78' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.84' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.79' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.92' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('lightning ' 'storms', ' '1.6842896938323975,' #39'14,800'#39', '#39'27,100'#39', 14800, 27100, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.42', 417108,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.9' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.9' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.84' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.88' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.76' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.63' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[lightning ' 'storms]', ' '1.6842896938323975,' #39'3,600'#39', '#39'8,100'#39', 3600, 8100, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.42', 417108,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.8' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.86' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.99' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.83' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.85' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.78' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.91' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42lightning ' 'storms\042', ' '1.6842896938323975,' #39'12,100'#39', '#39'22,200'#39', 12100, 22200, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.42', 417108,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.66' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.54' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.66' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('rain ' 'storms', ' '1.421982765197754,' #39'6,600'#39', '#39'9,900'#39', 6600, 9900, 0.6' ',' ''$0.32', 324834,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '0' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.97' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.91' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.51' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.64' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.51' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[rain ' 'storms]', ' '1.421982765197754,' #39'1,300'#39', '#39'1,900'#39', 1300, 1900, 0.6' ',' ''$0.32', 324834,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '2' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.53' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.53' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.49' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.71' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.48' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity('

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generateUrl problem

- by Daniel Hertz

I am trying to generate a url but I keep getting a strange warning even though it works. I am making an api xml page and I use the following call in the controller: public function executeList(sfWebRequest $request) { $this->users = array(); foreach($this->getRoute()->getObjects() as $user) { $this->users[$this->generateUrl('user_show', $user, true)] = $user->asArray($request->getHost()); } } The user_show route is as follows: # api urls user_show: url: /user/:nickname param: { module: user, action: show } And the xml outputs as follows: <br /> <b>Warning</b>: array_diff_key() [<a href='function.array-diff-key'>function.array-diff-key</a>]: Argument #1 is not an array in <b>/opt/local/lib/php/symfony/routing/sfRoute.class.php</b> on line <b>253</b><br /> <br /> <b>Warning</b>: array_diff_key() [<a href='function.array-diff-key'>function.array-diff-key</a>]: Argument #1 is not an array in <b>/opt/local/lib/php/symfony/routing/sfRoute.class.php</b> on line <b>253</b><br /> <br /> <b>Warning</b>: array_diff_key() [<a href='function.array-diff-key'>function.array-diff-key</a>]: Argument #1 is not an array in <b>/opt/local/lib/php/symfony/routing/sfRoute.class.php</b> on line <b>253</b><br /> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <users> <user url="http://krowdd.dev/frontend_dev.php/user/danny"> <name>Danny tz</name> <nickname>danny</nickname> <email>[email protected]</email> <image></image> </user> <user url="http://krowdd.dev/frontend_dev.php/user/adrian"> <name>Adrian Sooian</name> <nickname>adrian</nickname> </user> </users> So it outputs the correct xml but I do not know why it throws thows warning when calling the generateurl method. Thanks!

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ActionScript Comparing Arrays

- by TheDarkIn1978

how can i evaluate whether my test array is equal to my static constant DEFAULT_ARRAY? shouldn't my output be returning true? public class myClass extends Sprite { private static const DEFAULT_ARRAY:Array = new Array(1, 2, 3); public function myClass() { var test:Array = new Array(1, 2, 3); trace (test == DEFAULT_ARRAY); } //traces false

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echo XML values

- by danit

Here is my XML: object(SimpleXMLElement)#1 (2) { ["@attributes"]=> array(1) { ["type"]=> string(5) "array" } ["feed"]=> array(3) { [0]=> object(SimpleXMLElement)#2 (6) { ["title"]=> string(34) "Twitter / Favorites from bob" ["id"]=> string(27) "tag:twitter.com,2007:Status" ["link"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(SimpleXMLElement)#5 (1) { ["@attributes"]=> array(3) { ["type"]=> string(9) "text/html" ["href"]=> string(38) "http://twitter.com/bob/favorites" ["rel"]=> string(9) "alternate" } } [1]=> object(SimpleXMLElement)#6 (1) { ["@attributes"]=> array(3) { ["type"]=> string(20) "application/atom+xml" ["href"]=> string(40) "http://twitter.com/favorites.atom?page=1" ["rel"]=> string(4) "self" } } } ["updated"]=> string(25) "2010-04-01T10:44:19+00:00" ["subtitle"]=> string(56) "Twitter updates favorited by Dan Humpherson / MoodleDan." ["entry"]=> array(20) { [0]=> object(SimpleXMLElement)#7 (7) { ["title"]=> string(104) "smashingmag: Sikuli: a visual technology to search and automate GUIs using images - http://bit.ly/6ArwzP" ["content"]=> string(104) "smashingmag: Sikuli: a visual technology to search and automate GUIs using images - http://bit.ly/6ArwzP" ["id"]=> string(72) "tag:twitter.com,2007:http://twitter.com/smashingmag/statuses/11389386545" ["published"]=> string(25) "2010-03-31T22:06:41+00:00" ["updated"]=> string(25) "2010-03-31T22:06:41+00:00" ["link"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(SimpleXMLElement)#27 (1) { ["@attributes"]=> array(3) { ["type"]=> string(9) "text/html" ["href"]=> string(51) "http://twitter.com/smashingmag/statuses/11389386545" ["rel"]=> string(9) "alternate" } } [1]=> object(SimpleXMLElement)#28 (1) { ["@attributes"]=> array(3) { ["type"]=> string(10) "image/jpeg" ["href"]=> string(64) "http://a3.twimg.com/profile_images/572829723/original_normal.jpg" ["rel"]=> string(5) "image" } } } ["author"]=> object(SimpleXMLElement)#29 (2) { ["name"]=> string(17) "Smashing Magazine" ["uri"]=> string(31) "http://www.smashingmagazine.com" } } For the life of me I cannot get my code to work, all I want to do is echo the entry->content string but no matter what I try I get nothing. Can anyone assist an inept PHP n00b?

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Question about the code of the backend of symfony

- by user248959

Hi, this is the index action and template generated at the backend for the model "coche". public function executeIndex(sfWebRequest $request) { // sorting if ($request->getParameter('sort') && $this->isValidSortColumn($request->getParameter('sort'))) { $this->setSort(array($request->getParameter('sort'), $request->getParameter('sort_type'))); } // pager if ($request->getParameter('page')) { $this->setPage($request->getParameter('page')); } $this->pager = $this->getPager(); $this->sort = $this->getSort(); } This is the index template: <?php use_helper('I18N', 'Date') ?> <?php include_partial('coche/assets') ?> <div id="sf_admin_container"> <h1><?php echo __('Coche List', array(), 'messages') ?></h1> <?php include_partial('coche/flashes') ?> <div id="sf_admin_header"> <?php include_partial('coche/list_header', array('pager' => $pager)) ?> </div> <div id="sf_admin_bar"> <?php include_partial('coche/filters', array('form' => $filters, 'configuration' => $configuration)) ?> </div> <div id="sf_admin_content"> <form action="<?php echo url_for('coche_coche_collection', array('action' => 'batch')) ?>" method="post"> <?php include_partial('coche/list', array('pager' => $pager, 'sort' => $sort, 'helper' => $helper)) ?> <ul class="sf_admin_actions"> <?php include_partial('coche/list_batch_actions', array('helper' => $helper)) ?> <?php include_partial('coche/list_actions', array('helper' => $helper)) ?> </ul> </form> </div> <div id="sf_admin_footer"> <?php include_partial('coche/list_footer', array('pager' => $pager)) ?> </div> </div> In the template there is this line: include_partial('coche/filters', array('form' => $filters, 'configuration' => $configuration)) ?> but i can not find the variables $this-filters and $this-configuration in the index action. How is that possible? Javi

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C Programming - My program is good enough for my assignment but I know its not good

- by Joe

Hi there I'm just starting an assignment for uni and it's raised a question for me. I don't understand how to return a string from a function without having a memory leak. char* trim(char* line) { int start = 0; int end = strlen(line) - 1; /* find the start position of the string */ while(isspace(line[start]) != 0) { start++; } //printf("start is %d\n", start); /* find the position end of the string */ while(isspace(line[end]) != 0) { end--; } //printf("end is %d\n", end); /* calculate string length and add 1 for the sentinel */ int len = end - start + 2; /* initialise char array to len and read in characters */ int i; char* trimmed = calloc(sizeof(char), len); for(i = 0; i < (len - 1); i++) { trimmed[i] = line[start + i]; } trimmed[len - 1] = '\0'; return trimmed; } as you can see I am returning a pointer to char which is an array. I found that if I tried to make the 'trimmed' array by something like: char trimmed[len]; then the compiler would throw up a message saying that a constant was expected on this line. I assume this meant that for some reason you can't use variables as the array length when initialising an array, although something tells me that can't be right. So instead I made my array by allocating some memory to a char pointer. I understand that this function is probably waaaaay sub-optimal for what it is trying to do, but what I really want to know is: 1. Can you normally initialise an array using a variable to declare the length like: char trimmed[len]; ? 2. If I had an array that was of that type (char trimmed[]) would it have the same return type as a pointer to char (ie char*). 3. If I make my array by callocing some memory and allocating it to a char pointer, how do I free this memory. It seems to me that once I have returned this array, I can't access it to free it as it is a local variable. Many thanks in advance Joe

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One-to-many relationship in the same table in zend

- by Behrang

I have groupTable(group_id,group_name,group_date,group_parent_id) in face each group have many group child I create groupModel and I want to begin coding is this right code to handle protected $_name = 'group'; protected $_dependentTables = array('Model_group'); protected $_referenceMap = array('Model_group' = array('columns' = array('group_parent_id') , 'refTableClass' = 'Model_group' , 'refColumns' = array('group_id') , 'onDelete' = self::CASCADE , 'onUpdate' = self::RESTRICT) );

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Symfony2 bindrequest error

- by user1321109

namespace Topxia\LiftBundle\Form; use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraint as Assert; class AddUser { /** * @Assert\NotBlank(message="???????") */ public $username; /** * @Assert\NotBlank(message="????????") */ public $name; /** * @Assert\NotBlank(message="??????") * @Assert\MinLength(limit=4,message="?????") * @Assert\MaxLength(limit=24,message="?????") */ public $password; /** * @Assert\NotBlank(message="??????") */ public $rpassword; /** * @Assert\NotBlank(message="???????") * @Assert\Email(message="???????") */ public $email; /** * @Assert\NotBlank(message="k3????????") */ public $num; /** * @Assert\NotBlank() * @Assert\Choice({"0", "1", "2", "3", "4"}) */ public $roles; public $changePassword; } namespace Topxia\LiftBundle\Form; use Symfony\Component\Form\AbstractType; use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilder; class AddUserType extends AbstractType{ public function buildForm(FormBuilder $builder, array $options){ $builder->add('username', 'text', array('label' => '????')); $builder->add('name', 'text', array('label' => '???')); $builder->add('password', 'password', array('label' => '??')); $builder->add('rpassword', 'password', array('label' => '????')); $builder->add('email', 'email', array('label' => '??')); $builder->add('num', 'text', array('label' => 'K3????')); $builder->add('roles', 'choice', array('label' => '???', 'multiple' => false, 'expanded' => true, 'choices' => array( '0' => '?????', '1' => '?????', '2' => '?????', '3' => '???', '4' => '???' ), )); $builder->add('changePassword', 'checkbox', array('label' => '??????', 'value' => '1')); } public function getName(){ return 'add_user'; } } when i use $form-bindRequest($request); in conctollor there is an error : [Semantical Error] The annotation "@Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraint\NotBlank" in property Topxia\LiftBundle\Form\AddUser::$username does not exist, or could not be auto-loaded. 500 Internal Server Error - AnnotationException I have no idea about this. Thanks

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