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• Which version control should I use for my configuration files?

  - by rakete

  I want to store some of my configuration files (~/.emacs.d/, .Xdefaults, etc. linux $HOME stuff) in version control so I can easily sync them with my notebook/workplace and see my past changes and revert to them should the need arise. So far it seems to me that there are quite some people using git for this and I think that I too want to use a distributed vcs for this (if only to get more used to them) but I can't say that I am very experienced with all things dvcs. I did use darcs and git briefly and so far I can say that I really like the way git handles branches, and I think the possibility to have different branches within the same directory is especially useful for my use case. Darcs on the other hand has cherry picking of patches, which too is quite the convenient feature when managing configuration files (at least I assume it is). So, what would you recommend to use? And what would be your reasoning for your recommendation? What other vcs with nice feature that I haven't mentioned exist and would make a good vcs to store configuration files and why?

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• Update BIOS on Sun Fire X4150 server

  - by Massimo

  I have some Sun Fire X4150 servers with a very old BIOS release (1ADQW015), which seems to have some compatibility problems with WMware ESX Server 3.5 and Windows 2008 R2 virtual machines; so I want to update the BIOS on them. The problem: according to this page, if your servers run ELOM (mine do), you first need to update to the latest ELOM release, then to the interim transition release, then finally you can update to the latest one. Ok, I'm willing to do that... but it looks like Sun (now Oracle) will happily let you download the latest firmware DVD (3.3.0), but it will not let you download the transition release (2.0) if you don't have a support contract. Well, I actuall don't care at all about the servers' management controllers (we don't even use them), so upgrading from ELOM to ILOM is totally irrelevant to me; but I need to update the servers' BIOS. So my question is: can I update the servers' BIOS to the latest version without doing the full ELOM-to-ILOM migration, or will this not work (or even make the servers unusable)? Do BIOS versions and SP ones need to be matched, or can one be updated without bothering with the other? Bonus question: if this whole ELOM-to-ILOM thing actually is needed in order to update the BIOS, can that 2.0 CD-ROM be obtained without having a support contract with Sun/Oracle (which we are definitely not going to sign, being that quite old hardware)? Update: I tried upgrading only the BIOS on one of the servers, and it didn't boot anymore. So it really looks like a full firmware upgrade is needed, and the management controller and BIOS versions should be kept in sync. So... where can I find that *&!£%$% 2.0 CD-ROM? Or at least the transition firmware that can be found on it?

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• MySQL Master - Master Broken

  - by Recc

  I've Inherited a Mysql master master system, I've noticed the second master (lets call it slave from now on as it's running on a 'slave' machine) stopped getting its db's updated. I saw that Master: Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Slave: (with an error I truncated) Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Last_Errno: 1062 Last_Error: Error 'Duplicate entry '3' for key 'PRIMARY'' on [...] I don't know what caused it to process considering we cant get duplicate there. What's important is to resume normal operations; Right now I've stop slave; on the Master and stop slave; on the Slave because I saw that if I change records on the Slave the changes Do Get Propagated to Master which is in active use. How do I: Force sync EVERYTHING from master to slave without affecting data on master? Then hopefully have slave pickup replication as usual? UPDATE OK I Tried deleting all tables on slave then it complained in that error section that the 'table' doesnt exist. So i made a no data dump of Master, and made sure I have only empty tables in Secondary (slave). I start slave; on slave BUT now it's complaining about bloody alter table statements for instance: Last_Errno: 1060 Last_Error: Error 'Duplicate column name [...] Query: 'ALTER TABLE [...] How to skip the fracking alter statements I just want to replicate the bloody data and be done with it, my tables have the lates changes already FFS and now its complaining about changes made after the replication seized weeks ago How do I reset the log or something? OUTSTANDING Why would this start happening? The "Secondary" is propagating to "Primary". "Primary" is not propagating to "Secondary". But any fixes I tried to do left it in the same state Yes-Yes Yes-No with same Last_Error. I think around that time the server was taken off the network, could that confuse MySQL in some way?

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• Postfix spool on ext3 optimiziations in >=linux-2.6.34 days

  - by Luke404

  Given the very specific nature of the subject (we're not talking about mailboxes, just the spool; we're not talking about other filesystems, just ext3; and so on...) and the maturity of the softwares involved (linux kernel, ext3fs, postfix) I'd think there should be a more or less agreed on set of best practices to filesystem related tuning. I'm trying to get a roundup of them: data=journal became the default in recent kernels (somewhere around 2.6.30 IIRC) so we should be ok with that Wietse Venema says atime must be on, but Postfix documentation recommendsnoatime while talking about the Incoming Queue. Does that mean that postfix needs atime on just for some queue directories and will benefit from noatime on the others? can we use noatime if we just don't use ETRN? filesystem can be mounted nodev,noexec,nosuid - no* won't prevent you from setting attributes (postfix uses exec attr) they just won't have any effect (we don't run anything from the spool) the fsync() issue cited by Wietse and/or the chattr -S are probably linked to sync/async options of ext3fs but I do not understand them enough. Mouting the filesystem with async option is equivalent to chattr -R -S the whole fs? Seems like it will increase performance, but will that pose a risk of "loss of mail after a system crash" or is it really "safe on /var/spool/postfix" ? would you tune anything else on postfix-2.6.x to work better on ext3 or do you leave defaults everywhere? is there a "best" linux I/O scheduler for this kind of workload (namely CFQ or deadline?) or that's something that will vary too much based on hardware configuration? would you tune anything else in the filesystem or in the kernel? anything else? References: Postfix Performance here on SF Postfix documentation about the Incoming Queue Wietse Venema in Best file system on [email protected] here Postfix and ext3 on [email protected] here and there

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• Vista laptop 1 connects to network but Vista laptop 2 doesn't

  - by Jaips

  (Sorry if this is a dulipcate. I did a hunt but couldn't find matching question) We recently got a new router for our network (thomson TG585v8). It was already pre-configured by the ISP and was easy to setup. Both Vista laptops in this home network connected without trouble as well a iPod touch, all via wifi. In the last two days one of the laptops has been unable to connect cleanly to the network (connects as unidentified network). The other laptop, and iPod have not had any issues. I can't think of anything that has changed to make this happen now. I have rebooted the laptop and the router. I have updated the laptop wireless driver I have checked the laptop is set to automatically get IP I have logged into the router which correctly identifies all three wireless devices. The problem laptop connects via LAN without issue. Some things that may or may not matter: The problem laptop also sometimes uses a 3G dongle Both laptops use Windows Live Mesh to sync folders Laptop is usually set to go to sleep NB: it seems this is an intermittent issue, after an hour (since i noticed it) it seems to have fixed itself. Would love ideas though to solve this problem for good.

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• Disaster recovery backup of files/photos for personal use

  - by Renesis

  I'm looking for the best method to store a backup of important files and 5+ years of digital photos that is safe from some type of fire/flood disaster in my home. I'm looking for: Affordable: Less than $100/yr or first-time cost. Reliable: At least a smaller chance of failing than there is of fire or flood Easy for initial backup and to add to, and at least semi-easy to recover. I recently purchased a small home safe for physical vitals. It was inexpensive, solid, and is fire/water safe. If I had a physical copy of the digital files, the safe would work fine for this, but I don't know what to store in it that adequately meets the requirements above. Hard drive - I read that the danger of it not spinning up makes a hard drive a bad choice for this type of storage, although it was my first thought and would definitely be the simplest choice - very easy to take out once a month and add files to. DVDs - Way too much of a hassle for both backup and restore. Tape - No idea on the affordability of this option Online - Given that I have at least 300GB already and ever-increasing megapixels means ever-bigger files, and my ISP upload is about 2Mb at the best, this just doesn't sound like a good option for me, but I could be convinced. Other - Have I missed something? Also, I'm already covered both for sync between computers (Dropbox) and a nightly backup of these files (External HDD). The problem with the nightly backup is obviously that it's always with the computer and in a disaster would be destroyed along with it. Is anyone else doing something similar? Is the HDD as poor of a choice as I read, or is it a feasible option? Maybe two to reduce the likelihood of failure?

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• Testing for disk write

  - by Montecristo

  I'm writing an application for storing lots of images (size <5MB) on an ext3 filesystem, this is what I have for now. After some searching here on serverfault I have decided for a structure of directories like this: 000/000/000000001.jpg ... 236/519/236519107.jpg This structure will allow me to save up to 1'000'000'000 images as I'll store a max of 1'000 images in each leaf. I've created it, from a theoretical point of view seems ok to me (though I've no experience on this), but I want to find out what will happen when there will be directories full of files in there. A question about creating this structure: is it better to create it all in one go (takes approx 50 minutes on my pc) or should I create directories as they are needed? From a developer point of view I think the first option is better (no extra waiting time for the user), but from a sysadmin point of view, is this ok? I've thought I could do as if the filesystem is already under the running application, I'll make a script that will save images as fast as it can, monitoring things as follows: how much time does it take for an image to be saved when there is no or little space used? how does this change when the space starts to be used up? how much time does it take for an image to be read from a random leaf? Does this change a lot when there are lots of files? Does launching this command sync; echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches has any sense at all? Is this the only thing I have to do to have a clean start if I want to start over again with my tests? Do you have any suggestions or corrections?

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• DNS: how to get local server to superimpose results over authoritative server?

  - by growse

  I've got a domain for which the DNS I control, and is hosted on the internet. I also have a NAT'd internal network (192.168.0.0/24) which has internet access, and which I also control. On this internal network, I also have a DNS resolver. DNS software on both is PowerDNS. What I want to be able to do is for the DNS resolver on the internal network to be able to add/change records of queries and results that come down from the authoritative server. For example, the authoritative server might have a single record for animal.example.com: animal.example.com. IN AAAA 2001:140:283::1 However, I'd like it so that when internal clients do a dns lookup for animal.example.com, they might get back the following: animal.example.com. IN AAAA 2001:140:283::1 animal.example.com. IN A 192.168.0.2 Obviously, I could set up the internal DNS server to pretend to be authoritative for example.com, but that would require a fair bit of effort to keep the main DNS server and the internal DNS server in sync for the records which are the same between both. If the internal DNS server could somehow be made a slave of the main DNS server, but also have the provision to add its own results in, that would be ideal. Is this possible?

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• Mac Backup Plan

  - by Chuy77

  I'm reviewing my backup plan and would appreciate any thoughts about what more I should do (if anything) to make sure I'm properly covered in case of all hell breaking loose. :-) I have one machine. 1) I run a nightly clone with SuperDuper. I alternate the clone drive weekly so I have two clones, one never more than a week old. 2) I use BackBlaze as a sort of Time Machine in the cloud. It runs all the time and keeps everything on my machine backed up online. 3) I sync all my 1Password logins, etc. to my iPhone once a week. ...And that's it. I feel pretty covered. But I'm always reading stuff like this: http://www.43folders.com/2010/03/15/yes-another-backup-lecture And that doesn't even mention online backup, and seems like a huge pain in the behind. But maybe I'm being naive? Should I have more backups? Thanks for any feedback. I really appreciate it.

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• MD RAID 1 with external bitmap doesn't fully resync

  - by user64744

  I have an interesting configuration: dual boot system with a RAID 1 that needs to be visible in both Windows and Linux. The Windows install is Win 7 Enterprise, and the Linux install is Kubuntu 10.04. To get the RAID to work, I set it up using Windows's "Dynamic Disks" RAID 1, and brought it up in Linux using MD with no persistent superblock, and a write-intent bitmap on another partition. (Without this bitmap, MD had no way of knowing that the array was in sync, and would do a complete resync every time the array started.) The array is assembled like so: mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 I expected that the first time I ran this command, it would resync the array, write out a bitmap with no dirty chunks, and all would be good. This wasn't the case: after completing the resync, the bitmap was mostly clean, but about 5% dirty blocks remained, as revealed by mdadm -X /var/local/md1.bitmap I didn't mount the filesystem on /dev/md1 or touch it in any other way. I then found that stopping and restarting the array: mdadm --stop /dev/md1 mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 did indeed read in the bitmap, with an ensuing resync that went quickly because most of the blocks were marked clean. The confusing part is that this resync further reduced the number of dirty blocks, but still did not remove all of them. By repeatedly stopping and restarting I could slowly bring the dirty block count down to around 0.6%, where it seemed to level out. Any ideas what could be causing this? It smells to me of a race condition somewhere that leads to blocks either being skipped over during synchronization or not properly cleared from the bitmap, but I really have no evidence to prove this. It doesn't look like hardware issues since both drives are new and have zero read errors and reallocated sectors reported by smartctl -a.

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• Send keystrokes simultaneously to both host and slave over internet?

  - by donodarazao

  I would like to watch movies with a friend who lives far away from me. For this, the playback should be synchronized on both our pc. However, we have some constraints: Due to our low bandwidth internet, any form of streaming solution wouldn't work. We do however both have the same copy of the movie on our harddisks. We use movies to learn languages and because of this, we very frequently pause and rewind. The typical "3...2...1...go!" solution over skype wouldn't work because it would soon get out of sync. I imagine an approach that sends keystrokes simultaneously to both our pc would work (for example, if I press space to pause the movie at my pc, space should also be send to his pc). Any ideas how this could be realized? I looked into Synergy and InputDirector, but both neither seem to be an option, because I don't want to see the desktop of my friend, I want to see my desktop Keystrokes should be sent simultaneously to both pc, not just to one pc We have both Windows 7x64, and we might use any media player (VLC, XBMC,...).

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• Tridion 2011 SP1 Core Service - expose to live server within PROD env

  - by Neil

  We have a requirement to allow our users to submit information about their "projects" - a small piece of text and single image they upload. Ultimately we'll have a listing page of user contributed projects that others can comment on and rate. We've decided to user Tridion's UGC for rating & comments site-wide for this first phase which has got me thinking - UGC is tied to Tridion published pages & components, if we want UGC on our user-submitted projects, they'll have to be created within Tridion as components themselves, not be sat in some custom db table? Is this where the Core Service could come in? My understanding is that the CD Web Service is for retrieval, not for interacting with the Content Manager. Is it OK (!) architecturally to expose the Core Service only to our live application servers so our backend .NET code can create "project components" that can be then be published by editors allowing them to be commented on? Everything sounds pretty neat and tidy apart from the "exposing Core Service to live servers" bit. Without this though I'd have to write a custom way to "transfer" it back over to the Content Manager - maybe like Audience Manager Sync works? Anyone done this before?

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• Time-Machine backup over SSH tunnel to NFS mount

  - by BTZ

  I've recently started using a new NAS which runs CentOS 6.2. One of the purposes of the NAS would be to serve as a backup target. Whilst I have been using Apple's Time-Machine for a while and I am very satisfied with it, I'd like to continue using it. Backing up directly to an address in my network is no hassle; all works fine. For security reasons I'd like all my traffic to go through an ssh tunnel to the NAS. This way I can avoid needing to get a VPNserver (for personal reasons). As of NFSv4 the NFS deamon is bound to port 2049, which makes it easy for me to direct all traffic through a ssh tunnel. Tunnel: ssh -f admin@ms -L 2000:localhost:2049 -N Mount: mount -t nfs -o nfsvers=4,rw,proto=tcp,sync,intr,hard,timeo=600,retrans=10,wsize=32768,rsize=32768,port=2000 localhost:/mac_backup /Volumes/backup This works fine for Finder/terminal and throughput is almost equal to direct traffic. (CPU of the NAS does ride high when I reach max bandwidth though) Now the problem: With Time-Machine I can't use the NFS mount point mounted on localhost. TM seems to try to connect to it and then give me a "OSStatus error 65". I also tried using NFSv3 (I correctly forwarded all ports) with no luck. Can anyone shed a light on this and/or give a solution?

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• How to debug silent hang on shutdown of Solaris 10?

  - by jblaine

  We're experiencing a mysterious hang on shutdown of a newly-imaged Oracle/Sun Solaris 10 SPARC box. It is repeatable (in the same spot ... from what we can tell). We let it try to work itself out multiple times for 5-10 minutes and it never progressed. I've never seen this happen before. The last thing displayed on the console is that syslogd was sent signal 15. Prior to us disabling snmpdx on the box, the last thing on the console was that snmpdx was sent signal 15 (after syslogd was sent signal 15). While very rare to find, in Solaris days past, I'd have a better idea from experience where the problem might be, and could then narrow things down further with silly (but effective) debugging echo statments in /etc/*.d scripts. With SMF in the picture, I'm not really quite sure where to start. We forced a crash dump via sync at the {ok} prompt for later analysis, and then let the box come up because it's a production server and our scheduled outage window was closing. /var/adm/messages shows nothing of use. How would you debug this situation? mdb ps of the savecore shows the following processes were running at hang time (afsd is the OpenAFS client and that many are expected): > > ::ps S PID PPID PGID SID UID FLAGS ADDR NAME R 0 0 0 0 0 0x00000001 00000000018387c0 sched R 108 0 0 0 0 0x00020001 00000600110fe010 zpool-silmaril-p R 3 0 0 0 0 0x00020001 0000060010b29848 fsflush R 2 0 0 0 0 0x00020001 0000060010b2a468 pageout R 1 0 0 0 0 0x4a024000 0000060010b2b088 init R 1327 1 1327 329 0 0x4a024002 00000600176ab0c0 reboot R 747 1 7 7 0 0x42020001 0000060017f9d0e0 afsd R 749 1 7 7 0 0x42020001 00000600180104d0 afsd R 752 1 7 7 0 0x42020001 0000060017cb44b8 afsd R 754 1 7 7 0 0x42020001 0000060017fc8068 afsd R 756 1 7 7 0 0x42020001 0000060017fcb0e8 afsd R 760 1 7 7 0 0x42020001 00000600177f4048 afsd R 762 1 7 7 0 0x42020001 000006001800f8b0 afsd R 764 1 7 7 0 0x42020001 000006001800ec90 afsd R 378 1 378 378 0 0x42020000 0000060013aee480 inetd R 7 1 7 7 0 0x42020000 0000060010b28008 svc.startd R 329 7 329 329 0 0x4a024000 00000600110ff850 sh Z 317 7 317 317 0 0x4a014002 0000060013b3a490 sac

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• Data from a table in 1 DB needed for filter in different DB...

  - by Refracted Paladin

  I have a Win Form, Data Entry, application that uses 4 seperate Data Bases. This is an occasionally connected app that uses Merge Replication (SQL 2005) to stay in Sync. This is working just fine. The next hurdle I am trying to tackle is adding Filters to my Publications. Right now we are replicating 70mbs, compressed, to each of our 150 subscribers when, truthfully, they only need a tiny fraction of that. Using Filters I am able to accomplish this(see code below) but I had to make a mapping table in order to do so. This mapping table consists of 3 columns. A PrimaryID(Guid), WorkerName(varchar), and ClientID(int). The problem is I need this table present in all FOUR Databases in order to use it for the filter since, to my knowledge, views or cross-db query's are not allowed in a Filter Statement. What are my options? Seems like I would set it up to be maintained in 1 Database and then use Triggers to keep it updated in the other 3 Databases. In order to be a part of the Filter I have to include that table in the Replication Set so how do I flag it appropriately. Is there a better way, altogether? SELECT <published_columns> FROM [dbo].[tblPlan] WHERE [ClientID] IN (select ClientID from [dbo].[tblWorkerOwnership] where WorkerID = SUSER_SNAME()) Which allows you to chain together Filters, this next one is below the first one so it only pulls from the first's Filtered Set. SELECT <published_columns> FROM [dbo].[tblPlan] INNER JOIN [dbo].[tblHealthAssessmentReview] ON [tblPlan].[PlanID] = [tblHealthAssessmentReview].[PlanID]

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• Internet Troubles - PPPoE vs PPPoA?

  - by AkkA

  I have been having some internet troubles at home (ADSL2+ connection in Australia). We get random drop-outs from the authentication connection. It will keep the connection to the DSL service, but we lose authentication and either have to restart the router/modem (its combined, a Belkin one, not sure on model number) or unplug the phone cable, wait about 30 seconds and plug it in again. I've called the ISP (Telstra) a few times, but they only offer limited support when we dont use their supported hardware. Apparently something had happened on their side, they checked the box again (at least it sounded that simple), and told me it would be fine. It wasnt. I've replaced all the filters around the house, but that didnt help either. We do live a little bit away from the exchange (get a sync speed of about 3000/900), so I thought it could be due to line noise but that hasnt helped. Telstra allow both PPPoE and PPPoA connections (which I'm configuring through my router, dont have software on the PC side). I've been running PPPoA the whole time, would it make any difference changing it to PPPoE? If not, are there any other theories as to why we would be experiencing these drop-outs? It has been fine for at least 12 months, then suddenly started about 2 months ago.

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• OpenLDAP replication fails, "syncrepl_entry: rid=666 be_modify failed (20)"

  - by Pavel

  I've configured a second host to replicate the main LDAP server via syncrepl in the slapd.conf: syncrepl rid=666 provider=ldaps://my-main-server.com type=refreshAndPersist searchBase="dc=Staff,dc=my-main-server,dc=com" filter="(objectClass=*)" scope=sub schemachecking=off bindmethod=simple binddn="cn=repadmin,dc=my-main-server,dc=com" credentials=mypassword When I restart slapd, it writes to /var/log/debug Jun 11 15:48:33 cluster-mn-04 slapd[29441]: @(#) $OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.9 (Mar 31 2009 07:18:37) $ ^Ibuildd@yellow:/build/buildd/openldap2.3-2.4.9/debian/build/servers/slapd Jun 11 15:48:34 cluster-mn-04 slapd[29442]: slapd starting Jun 11 15:48:34 cluster-mn-04 slapd[29442]: null_callback : error code 0x14 Jun 11 15:48:34 cluster-mn-04 slapd[29442]: syncrepl_entry: rid=666 be_modify failed (20) Jun 11 15:48:34 cluster-mn-04 slapd[29442]: do_syncrepl: rid=666 quitting I've looked into the sources for the return code and found only #define LDAP_TYPE_OR_VALUE_EXISTS 0x14 in include/ldap.h. Anyway, I don't quite get what the error message means. Can you help me debugging this problem and figure out why the LDAP replication doesn't work? I've managed to put a "manual" copy via slapcat and slapadd into the database, but I'd like to sync automatically. UPDATE: "Solved" by removing /var/lib/ldap/* and re-importing the database with slapadd.

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• How do I collect SNMP readings from intermittently-connected sites?

  - by Luke404

  I am collecting SNMP data on-site for a number of systems, currently using Cacti. These systems are spread on a number of sites that aren't always connected to internet, but I also need to centralize the data on a single system (datacenter housed server) and get graphs out of it. If I directly poll remote systems with a centralized Cacti I'd loose data when a site is not connected to internet. I should record data on-site (I have a server at each site and I can run whatever I want on it) and then 'sync' everything to the central system. One hack could be a cacti or directly an rrdtool on site and then periodically rsync RRD data to the central Cacti system, but that doesn't sound like a 'clean' solution: every RRD would have to be defined at both places and rsync scripts setup with the specific file names. Can you suggest a better solution? Cacti is not a requirement but I'd like to use something like that on the central system. On-site systems need only to collect data I don't need to graph it there or manage users rights to view data and stuff like that, users will only access the centralized system.

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• Windows Network File Transfer to Samba server: “Are you sure you want to copy this file without its properties?”

  - by jimp

  I am transferring a lot of files to a new NAS based on OpenMediaVault, with the Samba 3.5.6 service running. I am transferring from Windows 7 64-bit to the NAS, and on some media files Windows is prompting about losing some property data across the transfer. I have never seen this before when transferring to Samba boxes I have built myself (vs this turnkey solution), so I'm guessing there must be a Samba setting I can change to preserve the file properties in question instead of permanently losing whatever they contain (Date Taken? Exposure? Flash Fired? etc). Or maybe I've just never encountered this before; I'm really not sure. I tried adding ea support = yes and store dos attributes = yes to the [global] section, but the problem remains. The Linux file system is ext4 mounted with user_xattr (full options: defaults,acl,user_xattr,noexec,usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0) as Samba requires. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated. Thank you! Samba config: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = %h server include = /etc/samba/dhcp.conf dns proxy = no log level = 2 syslog = 2 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 1000 syslog only = yes panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d encrypt passwords = true passdb backend = tdbsam obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = no passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY IPTOS_LOWDELAY guest account = nobody load printers = no disable spoolss = yes printing = bsd printcap name = /dev/null unix extensions = yes wide links = no create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 use sendfile = no null passwords = no local master = yes time server = yes wins support = yes ea support = yes store dos attributes = yes Note: I found this related question, but it explains the loss due to the user trying to transfer from NTFS to FAT32.

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• NFS Datastore Appears Empty!

  - by daemonchild

  Hi guys, I've got an NFS server problem. The datastore connected and seems to be a valid datastore in both the vSphere client and under /vmfs/volumes. The issue is that it appears to be empty! I can create files (eg: touch /vmfs/volumes/nfs_common/thefile) and it is correctly written to the nfs store. I can verify this by looking on the nfs server itself. But the vmkernel only sees an empty datastore; the file disappears. Another freebsd box can mount the same NFS share and see the files correctly. Some useful data: ESXi 4.0.0 Build 208167 NFS is unfsd running on a Buffalo Linkstation Pro Duo (a bit hacky I know). The share has file system permissions set to 777 at the moment. My /etc/exports is as follows, and as I say it connects fine. /mnt/array1/ESX_Shared 192.168.16.0/255.255.255.0(insecure,rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check) The ESXi servers can also successfully mount NFS shares from other NFS servers. Any ideas guys? Thanks, Tom

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• Business Case for investing time developing Stubs and BizUnit Tests

  - by charlie.mott

  I was recently in a position where I had to justify why effort should be spent developing Stubbed Integration Tests for BizTalk solutions. These tests are usually developed using the BizUnit framework. I assumed that most seasoned BizTalk developers would consider this best practice. Even though Microsoft suggest use of BizUnit on MSDN, I've not found a single site listing the justifications for investing time writing stubs and BizUnit tests. Stubs Stubs should be developed to isolate your development team from external dependencies. This is described by Michael Stephenson here. Failing to do this can result in the following problems: In contract-first scenarios, the external system interface will have been defined.  But the interface may not have been setup or even developed yet for the BizTalk developers to work with. By the time you open the target location to see the data BizTalk has sent, it may have been swept away. If you are relying on the UI of the target system to see the data BizTalk has sent, what do you do if it fails to arrive? It may take time for the data to be processed or it may be scheduled to be processed later. Learning how to use the source\target systems and investigations into where things go wrong in these systems will slow down the BizTalk development effort. By the time the data is visible in a UI it may have undergone further transformations. In larger development teams working together, do you all use the same source and target instances. How do you know which data was created by whose tests? How do you know which event log error message are whose?  Another developer may have “cleaned up” your data. It is harder to write BizUnit tests that clean up the data\logs after each test run. What if your B2B partners' source or target system cannot support the sort of testing you want to do. They may not even have a development or test instance that you can work with. Their single test instance may be used by the SIT\UAT teams. There may be licencing costs of setting up an instances of the external system. The stubs I like to use are generic stubs that can accept\return any message type.  Usually I need to create one per protocol. They should be driven by BizUnit steps to: validates the data received; and select a response messages (or error response). Once built, they can be re-used for many integration tests and from project to project. I’m not saying that developers should never test against a real instance.  Every so often, you still need to connect to real developer or test instances of the source and target endpoints\services. The interface developers may ask you to send them some data to see if everything still works.  Or you might want some messages sent to BizTalk to get confidence that everything still works beyond BizTalk. Tests Automated “Stubbed Integration Tests” are usually built using the BizUnit framework. These facilitate testing of the entire integration process from source stub to target stub. It will ensure that all of the BizTalk components are configured together correctly to meet all the requirements. More fine grained unit testing of individual BizTalk components is still encouraged.  But BizUnit provides much the easiest way to test some components types (e.g. Orchestrations). Using BizUnit with the Behaviour Driven Development approach described by Mike Stephenson delivers the following benefits: source: http://biztalkbddsample.codeplex.com – Video 1. Requirements can be easily defined using Given/When/Then Requirements are close to the code so easier to manage as features and scenarios Requirements are defined in domain language The feature files can be used as part of the documentation The documentation is accurate to the build of code and can be published with a release The scenarios are effective to document the scenarios and are not over excessive The scenarios are maintained with the code There’s an abstraction between the intention and implementation of tests making them easier to understand The requirements drive the testing These same tests can also be used to drive load testing as described here. If you don't do this ... If you don't follow the above “Stubbed Integration Tests” approach, the developer will need to manually trigger the tests. This has the following risks: Developers are unlikely to check all the scenarios each time and all the expected conditions each time. After the developer leaves, these manual test steps may be lost. What test scenarios are there?  What test messages did they use for each scenario? There is no mechanism to prove adequate test coverage. A test team may attempt to automate integration test scenarios in a test environment through the triggering of tests from a source system UI. If this is a replacement for BizUnit tests, then this carries the following risks: It moves the tests downstream, so problems will be found later in the process. Testers may not check all the expected conditions within the BizTalk infrastructure such as: event logs, suspended messages, etc. These automated tests may also get in the way of manual tests run on these environments.

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• DRBD Replication failure

  - by user62513

  A couple of weeks ago I setup a 2 nodes CRM system with one of the resources managed being MySQL over DRBD. Today for maintenance reasons I restarted both nodes but now they can't connect to each other anymore. DRBD fell out of sync and I followed this guide to get it back connected but it's only able to run successfully on one node. But this strange thing happens: If I crm node standby both nodes and I try: crm node online node0 before crm node online node1, all the CRM resources start successfully but the DRBD partitions are still running in StandAlone state. crm node online node1 beofre crm node online node0, the DRBD resource fails to start, thus causing mysql not to start. If I standby both resources and call crm node online node0 then it times out and prints this error: Running crm node online node0 produces this output after timing out Error setting standby=off (section=nodes, set=<null>): Remote node did not respond Error performing operation: Remote node did not respond Is there anything I'm doing wrong here? An alternative will be just do MySQL replication but I'm not sure how to promote a slave to master when the master database is not available.

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• switchover in postgresql

  - by user1010280

  I am using Postgresql 9.0 with Streaming replication. So, during switchover I follow these steps:- Get the server timestamp on primary. Get the current log position on primary. Set Verify Log location Verify Transaction Received Location Shutdown DB on production. Synchronize the transaction logs from PR to DR. Trigger a failover on the DR Database by creating the trigger file specified in recovery.conf Verify DB Mode on DR Copy the control file from from DR to primary. copy the temporary stats file from DR to primary. copy the history file from DR to primary. Create recovery.conf file. Start Database in standby mode in primary. Verify DB mode on PR At step (6), I have to copy last wal generated on Primary to standby and sync both PR and standby. but this thing takes time to copy files because this remote. So that postgres will keep seraching for wal for long time and after that it stops the server. So I want to know is there any way so that I can ask postgres to stop seraching or locating WAL after shutdown??? because postgres tries to locate this wal every 5 seconds. Please reply as soon as possible..its urgent...

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• Patch management on multiple systems

  - by Pierre

  I'm in charge of auditing the security configuration of an important farm of Unix servers. So far, I came up with a way to assess the basic configuration but not the installed updates. The very problem here is that I just can't trust the package management tools on those machine. Indeed some of them did not sync with the repository for a long time (So I can't do a "yum check-updates" on Redhat for example). Some of those servers are not even connected to the internet and use an company repository. Another problem is that I have multiple target systems: AIX, Debian, Centos/Redhat, etc... So the version could be different (AIX) and the tools available will be different. And, last but not least, I can't install anything on the target system. So I need to use a script to retrieve the information and either: process it directly or save the information to be able to process it later on a server (Which may happen to run a different distribution than the one on which the information have been retrieved). The best ideas I could come up with were: either retrieve the list of installed packages on the machine (dpkg -l for example on debian) and process it on a dedicated server (Directly parsing the "Packages" file of debian repositories). Still, the problem remains the same for AIX and Redhat... or use Nessus' scripts to assess vulnerability on the installed packages, but I find this a bit dirty. Does anyone know any better/efficient way of doing this ? P.S: I already took time to review some answers to similar problems. Unfortunately Chef, puppet, ... don't meet the requirements I have to meet. Edit: Long story short. I need to have the list of missing updates on a Unix system just like MBSA on Windows. I'm not authorized to install anything on this system as it's not mine. All I have are scripts languages. Thanks.

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• Slowdown upon router/modem setup change

  - by Ollie Saunders

  I’ve been using a Belkin FSD7632-4 modem router to connect to my TalkTalk provided ADSL internet connection for some time and been pretty happy with it. Recently, however, the connection has been failing and I decided to get a ASUS RT-N16 instead, which is also a much more capable router generally. The ASUS RT-N16 doesn’t come with a modem built-in so I purchased as Zoom modem as well. I’ve set them both up and am using them to post this message. But I’m a bit miffed to find that I get a significantly and consistently slower downstream rate from the new configuration than with the old Belkin. Belkin modem router: downstream: 3.45 mbps upstream: 0.73 mbps ASUS router + Zoom modem: downstream: 2.71 mbps upstream: 0.66 mbps Any ideas why this is? The really weird thing about this is that the Zoom supports ADSL2 and ADSL2+ but I don’t think the old Belkin does. At first I thought it might be due to the Zoom modem being limited to PPPoE instead of PPPoA, which my ISP supports, but then I tried using PPPoE with the Belkin and that still gave a high speed. I’m using VC-Mux encapsulation with both. VPI of 0 and VCI of 38. I pulled this data off the Zoom: Mode: ADSL2 Line Coding: Trellis On Status: No Defect Link Power State: L0 Downstream Upstream SNR Margin (dB): 12.3 11.8 Attenuation (dB): 43.0 24.9 Output Power (dBm): 12.9 0.0 Attainable Rate (Kbps): 3936 844 Rate (Kbps): 3194 840 MSGc (number of bytes in overhead channel message): 59 10 B (number of bytes in Mux Data Frame): 99 14 M (number of Mux Data Frames in FEC Data Frame): 2 16 T (Mux Data Frames over sync bytes): 1 8 R (number of check bytes in FEC Data Frame): 8 8 S (ratio of FEC over PMD Data Frame length): 1.9833 9.0594 L (number of bits in PMD Data Frame): 839 219 D (interleaver depth): 32 2 Delay (msec): 15 4 Super Frames: 15808 14078 Super Frame Errors: 0 4294967232 RS Words: 513778 111753 RS Correctable Errors: 126 4294967238 RS Uncorrectable Errors: 0 N/A HEC Errors: 0 4294967279 OCD Errors: 0 0 LCD Errors: 0 0 Total Cells: 1920175 237597 Data Cells: 205993 392 Bit Errors: 0 0 Total ES: 0 0 Total SES: 0 0 Total UAS: 34 0

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