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• Should programming languages be strict or loose?

  - by Ralph

  In Python and JavaScript, semi-colons are optional. In PHP, quotes around array-keys are optional ($_GET[key] vs $_GET['key']), although if you omit them it will first look for a constant by that name. It also allows 2 different styles for blocks (colon, or brace delimited). I'm creating a programming language now, and I'm trying to decide how strict I should make it. There are a lot of cases where extra characters aren't really necessary and can be unambiguously interpreted due to priorities, but I'm wondering if I should still enforce them or not to encourage good programming habits. What do you think?

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• Can someone recommend an appriopriate drawing tablet that fits my needs?

  - by Syg

  I'm looking for something that can help me to easily create small hand drawn graphics and mock-ups digitalize technical drawings I would normally draw on a whiteboard. I'm a developer, not a designer, so it doesn't have to be high-end I guess. Just something to help make it easier, more fun and more productive to quickly draw mockups etc. After a quick search I landed on the wacom site, but it's hard for me to tell the difference between the offerings never having used something like this. Is small too small? is it annoying? Other suggestion are also welcome ofcourse. Thanx for any help you can give me

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• Is there a phrase or word to describe an algorithim or programme is complete in that given any value for its arguments there is a predictable outcome?

  - by Mrk Mnl

  Is there a phrase to describe an algorithim or programme is complete in that given any possible value for its arguments there is a predicatable outcome? i.e. all the ramifications have been considered whatever the context? A simple example would be the below function: function returns string get_item_type(int type_no) { if(type_no < 10) return "hockey stick" else if (type_no < 20) return "bulldozer" else return "unknown" } (excuse the dismal pseudo code) No matter what number is supplied all possibiblites are catered for. My question is: is there a word to fill the blank here: "get_item_type() is ______ complete" ? (The answer is not Turing Complete - that is something quite different - but I annoyingly always think of something as "Turing Complete" when I am thinking of the above).

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• Limited resource practice problems?

  - by Mark

  I'm applying for some big companies and the areas I seem to be getting burned on is problems involving limited memory, disk-space or throughput. These large companies process GBs of data every second (or more), and they need efficient ways of managing all that data. I have no experience with this as none of the projects I have worked on have grown that large. Is there a good place to learn about or practice these sorts of problems? Most of the practice-problem sites I've encountered only have problems where you have to solve something efficiently (usually involving prime numbers) but none of them limit your resources.

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• What is missing and should be added to Code Complete 3rd Edition? [closed]

  - by Peter Turner

  It's been quite a few years since Code Complete was published. I really love the book, I keep it in the bathroom at the office and read a little out of it once or twice a day. What developments in computer software... development need to be added to Code Complete 3e, and for the sake of reductionism, what should be removed to make room for them? Is it necessary even possible to call Code Complete Code Complete if it doesn't have language features that even Delphi has like anonymous methods and generics? Also, what languages would be more appropriate than C++ to use for a majority of code examples?

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• Creating an expandable, cross-platform compatible program "core".

  - by Thomas Clayson

  Hi there. Basically the brief is relatively simple. We need to create a program core. An engine that will power all sorts of programs with a large number of distinct potential applications and deployments. The core will be an analytics and algorithmic processor which will essentially take user-specific input and output scenarios based on the information it gets, whilst recording this information for reporting. It needs to be cross platform compatible. Something that can have platform specific layers put on top which can interface with the core. It also needs to be able to be expandable, for instance, modular with developers being able to write "add-ons" or "extensions" which can alter the function of the end program and can use the core to its full extent. (For instance, a good example of what I'm looking to create is a browser. It has its main core, the web-kit engine, for instance, and then on top of this is has a platform-specific GUI and can also have add-ons and extensions which can change the behavior of the program.) Our problem is that the extensions need to interface directly with the main core and expand/alter that functionality rather than the platform specific "layer". So, given that I have no experience in this whatsoever (I have a PHP background and recently objective-c), where should I start, and is there any knowledge/wisdom you can impart on me please? Thanks for all the help and advice you can give me. :) If you need any more explanation just ask. At the moment its in the very early stages of development, so we're just researching all possible routes of development. Thanks a lot

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• What's the best structure for a repository?

  - by jpmelos

  I've looked into many open source software repositories, and I've found some common elements and somethings people do in different fashion from one another. For example, every repository has a README file, a INSTALL file, a COPYING file and stuff like that. Other things differ: Some projects, like git, have their source code in the root level, while others have the source code in a src/ folder and others, like the Linux kernel, have the source code spread in different folders in root level, that divide code by areas; Some have their tests in a t/ folder, while others in a tests/ folder, or named otherwise; Some have files about submitting patches and who the maintainers are, and those might be inside some Documentation/ or in the root level. Are there recommendations? A best practice? For example: personally, I don't like the code in the root level, git-fashion. It looks messy and confuses one trying to start as a contributor (especially because they have some code inside folders, and scripts in the root level as well, it's really messy). If I were to start a project of my own and wanted to start right from the start, are there recommendations? Best practices? How can I make a clean and clear structure? Thank you!

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• String contains trailing zeroes when converted from decimal [migrated]

  - by Locke

  I've run into an unusual quirk in a program I'm writing, and I was trying to figure out if anyone knew the cause. Note that fixing the issue is easy enough. I just can't figure out why it is happening in the first place. I have a WinForms program written in VB.NET that is displaying a subset of data. It contains a few labels that show numeric values (the .Text property of the labels are being assigned directly from the Decimal values). These numbers are being returned by a DLL I wrote in C#. The DLL calls a webservice which initially returns the values in question. It returns one as a string, the other as a decimal (I don't have any control over the webservice, I just consume it). The DLL assigns these to properties on an object (both of which are decimals) then returns that object back to the WinForm program that called the DLL. Obviously, there's a lot of other data being consumed from the webservice, but no other operations are happening which could modify these properties. So, the short version is: WinForm requests a new Foo from the DLL. DLL creates object Foo. DLL calls webservice, which returns SomeOtherFoo. //Both Foo.Bar1 and Foo.Bar2 are decimals Foo.Bar1 = decimal.Parse(SomeOtherFoo.Bar1); //SomeOtherFoo.Bar1 is a string equal to "2.9000" Foo.Bar2 = SomeOtherFoo.Bar2; //SomeOtherFoo.Bar2 is a decimal equal to 2.9D DLL returns Foo to WinForm. WinForm.lblMockLabelName1.Text = Foo.Bar1 //Inspecting Foo.Bar1 indicates my value is 2.9D WinForm.lblMockLabelName2.Text = Foo.Bar2 //Inspecting Foo.Bar2 also indicates I'm 2.9D So, what's the quirk? WinForm.lblMockLabelName1.Text displays as "2.9000", whereas WinForm.lblMockLabelname2.Text displays as "2.9". Now, everything I know about C# and VB indicates that the format of the string which was initially parsed into the decimal should have no bearing on the outcome of a later decimal.ToString() operation called on the same decimal. I would expect that decimal.Parse(someDecimalString).ToString() would return the string without any trailing zeroes. Everything I find online seems to corroborate this (there are countless Stack Overflow questions asking exactly the opposite...how to keep the formatting from the initial parsing). At the moment, I've just removed the trailing zeroes from the initial string that gets parsed, which has hidden the quirk. However, I'd love to know why it happens in the first place.

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• Designing a Business Rule Engine

  - by Nisha_Roy

  I have a requirement where there are 10 Rules to be applied on data in excel. If Rule 1 and Rule 2 fails rest of the rules are not checked. But if Rule 1 and Rule 2 passes the rest of all the Rules should be verified and if any errors found- they should be logged. Is there any design pattern which I can use to keep this Rule Engine flexible for adding these 10 rules and Closed for any additional chains in the Current Rule. I was thinking of something like a Decorator Pattern. Will this help me achieve that?

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• SQL query. An unusual join. DB implemented in sqlite-3

  - by user02814

  This is essentially a question about constructing an SQL query. The db is implemented with sqlite3. I am a relatively new user of SQL. I have two tables and want to join them in an unusual way. The following is an example to explain the problem. Table 1 (t1): id year name ------------------------- 297 2010 Charles 298 2011 David 300 2010 Peter 301 2011 Richard Table 2 (t2) id year food --------------------------- 296 2009 Bananas 296 2011 Bananas 297 2009 Melon 297 2010 Coffee 297 2012 Cheese 298 2007 Sugar 298 2008 Cereal 298 2012 Chocolate 299 2000 Peas 300 2007 Barley 300 2011 Beans 300 2012 Chickpeas 301 2010 Watermelon I want to join the tables on id and year. The catch is that (1) id must match exactly, but if there is no exact match in Table 2 for the year in Table 1, then I want to choose the year that is the next (lower) available. A selection of the kind that I want to produce would give the following result id year matchyr name food ------------------------------------------------- 297 2010 2010 Charles Coffee 298 2011 2008 David Cereal 300 2010 2007 Peter Barley 301 2011 2010 Richard Watermelon To summarise, id=297 had an exact match for year=2010 given in Table 1, so the corresponding line for id=297, year=2010 is chosen from Table 2. id=298, year=2011 did not have a matching year in Table 2, so the next available year (less than 2011) is chosen. As you can see, I would also like to know what that matched year (whether exactly , or inexactly) actually was. I would very much appreciate (1) an indication (yes/no answer) of whether this is possible to do in SQL alone, or whether I need to look outside SQL, and (2) a solution, if that is not too onerous.

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• Pros and cons of hosted scripts

  - by P.Brian.Mackey

  I have seen some developers use hosted scripts to link their libraries. cdn.jquerytools.org is one example. I have also seen people complain that a hosted script link has been hijacked. How safe is using hosted scripts in reality? Are the scripts automatically updated? For example, if jQuery 5 goes to 6 do I automatically get version 6 or do I need to update my link? I also see that Google has a large set of these scripts setup for hosting. What are the pros and cons?

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• Finding a way to simplify complex queries on legacy application

  - by glenatron

  I am working with an existing application built on Rails 3.1/MySql with much of the work taking place in a JavaScript interface, although the actual platforms are not tremendously relevant here, except in that they give context. The application is powerful, handles a reasonable amount of data and works well. As the number of customers using it and the complexity of the projects they create increases, however, we are starting to run into a few performance problems. As far as I can tell, the source of these problems is that the data represents a tree and it is very hard for ActiveRecord to deterministically know what data it should be retrieving. My model has many relationships like this: Project has_many Nodes has_many GlobalConditions Node has_one Parent has_many Nodes has_many WeightingFactors through NodeFactors has_many Tags through NodeTags GlobalCondition has_many Nodes ( referenced by Id, rather than replicating tree ) WeightingFactor has_many Nodes through NodeFactors Tag has_many Nodes through NodeTags The whole system has something in the region of thirty types which optionally hang off one or many nodes in the tree. My question is: What can I do to retrieve and construct this data faster? Having worked a lot with .Net, if I was in a similar situation there, I would look at building up a Stored Procedure to pull everything out of the database in one go but I would prefer to keep my logic in the application and from what I can tell it would be hard to take the queried data and build ActiveRecord objects from it without losing their integrity, which would cause more problems than it solves. It has also occurred to me that I could bunch the data up and send some of it across asynchronously, which would not improve performance but would improve the user perception of performance. However if sections of the data appeared after page load that could also be quite confusing. I am wondering whether it would be a useful strategy to make everything aware of it's parent project, so that one could pull all the records for that project and then build up the relationships later, but given the ubiquity of complex trees in day to day programming life I wouldn't be surprised if there were some better design patterns or standard approaches to this type of situation that I am not well versed in.

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• Spring can commit Transaction in finally block with RunTimeException in try block [migrated]

  - by Chance Lai

  The project used Spring + Hibernate Sample code: public void method(){ try{ dao.saveA(entityA); throw RuntimeException; dao.saveB(entityB); }catch(RuntimeException e){ throw e; }finally{ dao.saveC(entityC) } } Finally, just entityC will be saved in database in test. I think saveA, saveB, saveC in the same transaction,they should not be committed. In this case, I want to know why entityC is committed. How does Spring do this in the finally block?

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• Is committing/checking code everyday a good practice?

  - by ArtB

  I've been reading Martin Fowler's note on Continuous Integration and he lists as a must "Everyone Commits To the Mainline Every Day". I do not like to commit code unless the section I'm working on is complete and that in practice I commit my code every three days: one day to investigate/reproduce the task and make some preliminary changes, a second day to complete the changes, and a third day to write the tests and clean it up^ for submission. I would not feel comfortable submitting the code sooner. Now, I pull changes from the repository and integrate them locally usually twice a day, but I do not commit that often unless I can carve out a smaller piece of work. Question: is committing everyday such a good practice that I should change my workflow to accomodate it, or it is not that advisable? ^ The order is more arbitrary and depends on the task, my point was to illustrate the time span and activities, not the exact sequence.

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• Will Swift or any upcoming Apple developer tools be incompatible with .xibs? [on hold]

  - by user

  I'm still letting the sudden announcement of a language change (Swift) sink in, and I'm wondering if the upcoming platform changes will still be highly compatible with using .xibs for interface development. I've used Storyboards in multiple production projects but I don't feel very productive with them, and I get tired of managing multiple storyboards, links, and xib connections for complex views. I don't see why Swift and Xcode 6 wouldn't cooperate with Xibs indefinitely if it still allows @IBOutlets and @IBActions, but I have realized that Apple purposely shuns old methodologies for the sake of doing so. If there's any reasons to turn away from xibs in iOS8 besides the use-the-new-stuff conventional wisdom, I'd like to know before its too late.

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• What happened to Borland Delphi?

  - by Lucas

  I have the impression that Delphi isn't very popular anymore. But now at work I had to make some changes to an old Delphi program that we are still using. I used Borland Developer Studio 2006 and it was very pleasant and intuitive to work with, even though I had practically no previous exposure to it. Is Delphi still widely-used and I am simply not aware of it or are there other reasons for its decline?

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• Is it recommended to use more than one language at a startup?

  - by GoofyBall

  I work for a mobile startup where, for historical reasons, our chosen language was C#. I was recently assigned to a small project to build a tool that would be used by us internally. When I explained my intention to use Python to build this tool I was heavily criticized for this because introducing new languages, and technologies (Debian, Apache, Python and Django) into our ecosystem would make it harder for other developers to maintain (because only two other people know more than one language besides C#). I countered that this project would take far longer to develop in C# (which I think is an inherent problem with the language/.NET framework) and that the project was small and designed to solve a very particular problem. Of course it is necessary that the ecosystem be as a homogeneous as possible but if your are developing tooling, infrastructure, and internal systems when there are better things to build them with than C# then you should consider using them. By using one language you exclude a lot of other great libraries and frameworks out there, and this case it was the difference between taking one week to build in Python as opposed to a month in C#. Do you think it is acceptable to understand and use only only one language at a startup or even a larger company? Am I perhaps being naive??

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• blurry lines between web application context layer, service layer and data access layer in spring

  - by thenaglecode

  I Originally asked this question in SO but on advice I have moved the question here... I'll admit I'm a spring newbie, but you can correct me if I'm wrong, this one liner looks kinda fishy in a best practices sort of way: @RepositoryRestResource(collectionResourceRel="people"...) public interface PersonRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Person, Long> For those who are unaware, the following does many things: It is an interface definition that can be registered in an application context as a jpa repository, automagically hooking up all the default CRUD operations within a persistence context (that is externally configured). and also configures default controller/request-mapping/handler functionality at the namespace "/people" relative to your configured dispatcher servlet-mapping. Here's my point. I just crossed 3 conceptual layers with one line of code! this feels against my seperation-of-concern instincts but i wanted to hear your opinion. And for the sake of being on a question and answer site, I would like to know whether there is a better way of seperating these different layers - Service, Data, Controllers - whilst maintaining as minimal configuration as possible

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• Should I provide fallbacks for HTML5/CSS3 elements in a web page at this point?

  - by Abluescarab

  I'm wondering if I should bother providing a fallback for HTML5 tags and attributes and CSS3 styling at this point in time. I know that there's probably still a lot of people out there who use older versions of browsers and HTML5/CSS3 are still fairly new. I read this article: Should I use non-standard tags in a HTML page for highlighting words? and one answer mentioned that people kind of "cheat" with older browsers by using the new tags and attributes, but styling them in CSS to ensure they show up right. This question: Relevance of HTML5: Is now the time? was asked about two years ago and I don't know how relevant it is anymore. For example, I want to use the placeholder and required attributes in a web form I'm building and it has no labels to show what each <input> is. How do I handle this, or do I bother?

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• How to present a stable data model in a public API that allows internal data structures to be changed without breaking the public view of the data?

  - by Max Palmer

  I am in the process of developing an application that allows users to write C# scripts. These scripts allow users to call selected methods and to access and manipulate data in a document. This works well, however, in the development version, scripts access the document's (internal) data structures directly. This means that if we were to change the internal data model/structure, there is a good chance that someone's script will no longer compile. We obviously want to prevent this breaking change from happening, but still want to allow the user to write sensible C# code (whilst not restricting how we develop our internal data model as a result). We therefore need to decouple our scripting API and its data structures from our internal methods and data structures. We've a few ideas as to how we might allow the user to access a what is effectively a stable public version of the document's internal data*, but I wanted to throw the question out there to someone who might have some real experience of this problem. NB our internal document's data structure is quite complex and it could be quite difficult to wrap. We know we want to expose as little as possible in our public API, especially as once it's out there, it's out there for good. Can anyone help? How do scripting languages / APIs decouple their public API and data structures from their internal data structures? Is there no real alternative to having to write a complex interaction layer? If we need to do this, what's a good approach or pattern for wrapping complex data structures that include nested objects, including collections? I've looked at the API facade pattern, which looks like it's trying to address these kinds of issues, but are there alternatives? *One idea is to build a data facade that is kept stable across versions of our application. The facade exposes a set of facade data objects that are used in the script code. These maintain backwards compatibility and wrap access to our internal document's data model.

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• Agile development challenges

  - by Bob

  With Scrum / user story / agile development, how does one handle scheduling out-of-sync tasks that are part of a user story? We are a small gaming company working with a few remote consultants who do graphics and audio work. Typically, graphics work should be done at least a week (sometimes 2 weeks) in advance of the code so that it's ready for integration. However, since SCRUM is supposed to focus on user stories, how should I split the stories across iteration so that they still follow the user story model? Ideally, a user story should be completed by all the team members in the same iteration, I feel that splitting them in any way violates the core principle of user story driven development. Also, one front end developer can work at 2X pace of backend developers. However, that throws the scheduling out of sync as well because he is either constantly ahead of them or what we have done is to have him work on tasks that not specific to this iteration just to keep busy. Either way, it's the same issue as above, splitting up user story tasks. If someone can recommend an active Google agile development group that discusses these and other issues, that'll be great. Also, if you know of a free alternative to Pivotal Labs, let me know as well. I'm looking now at Agilo.

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• Detailed C++ book for a programmer already familiar with C and object-oriented programming?

  - by Anto

  I know (to some extent) a few languages, including C, Java and Python. I'm also (somewhat) familiar with Scala and Scheme, plus I can read (but not write) x86 Assembly. Say I want to learn C++, what is a good book which doesn't try to teach me what a class is, teach me inheritance, polymorphism or loosely coupled classes again, nor does try to teach me other basics, just the C++ language (as well as how to write idiomatic C++ code, not e.g. Java with C++ syntax) and its standard library? Note: "Detailed" as used in the title means that it doesn't try to cover C++ in 100 pages, I want to know the details of the language. Of course, mastery comes from practice, but I don't want to learn just a little bit of C++ from the book, but learn it quite thoroughly.

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• Multiple sites with the same codebase in Python

  - by Jimmy

  I am trying to run a large amount of sites which share about 90% of their code. They are simply designed to query an API and return the results. They will have a common userbase / database but will be configured slightly different and will have different CSS (perhaps even different templating). My initial idea was to run them as separate applications with a common library but I have read about the sites framework which would allow them to run from a single instance of Django which may help to reduce memory usage. https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/sites/ Is the site framework the right approach to a problem like this, and does it have real benefits over running separate applications? Initially I thought it was, but now I think otherwise. I have heard the following: Your SITE_ID is set in settings.py, so in order to have multiple sites, you need multiple settings.py configurations, which means multiple distinct processes/instances. You can of course share the code base between them, but each site will need a dedicated worker / WSGIDaemon to serve the site. This effectively removes any benefit of running multiple sites under one hood, if each site needs a UWSGI instance running. Alternative ideas of systems: https://github.com/iivvoo/django_layers https://github.com/shestera/django-multisite I don't know what route to be taking with this.

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• Listing Unix experience on resume.

  - by beacon

  I have been using Linux for quite a long time, and I am familiar with many Unix commands and tools. However, my only experience with Unix is through various Linux distributions. How should I communicate on my resume that I am familiar with the Unix command line even though I have never used a UNIX(R) system? It seems strange to me to list Unix when I've never used UNIX(R). Some people refer to Unix clones as *nix, but I'm afraid that might fly over the heads of some HR people.

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• Were the first assemblers written in machine code?

  - by The111

  I am reading the book The Elements of Computing Systems: Building a Modern Computer from First Principles, which contains projects encompassing the build of a computer from boolean gates all the way to high level applications (in that order). The current project I'm working on is writing an assembler using a high level language of my choice, to translate from Hack assembly code to Hack machine code (Hack is the name of the hardware platform built in the previous chapters). Although the hardware has all been built in a simulator, I have tried to pretend that I am really constructing each level using only the tools available to me at that point in the real process. That said, it got me thinking. Using a high level language to write my assembler is certainly convenient, but for the very first assembler ever written (i.e. in history), wouldn't it need to be written in machine code, since that's all that existed at the time? And a correlated question... how about today? If a brand new CPU architecture comes out, with a brand new instruction set, and a brand new assembly syntax, how would the assembler be constructed? I'm assuming you could still use an existing high level language to generate binaries for the assembler program, since if you know the syntax of both the assembly and machine languages for your new platform, then the task of writing the assembler is really just a text analysis task and is not inherently related to that platform (i.e. needing to be written in that platform's machine language)... which is the very reason I am able to "cheat" while writing my Hack assembler in 2012, and use some preexisting high level language to help me out.

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